Matter and its properties • indefinite volume

• compressible
Matter • Weak forces of attraction caused particles to be
anything that occupies space and has mass far apart.

PARTICLES COMPOSING MATTER

ATOMS- the smallest particle

MOLECULES- composed of atoms
IONS- particles with charges

PROPERTIES OF MATTER
-according to change involved during
measurement of the property

Physical Properties
- Can be observed by the senses and can be
measured.
- Change in appearance or even phase.
- No change in chemical composition
• Example: shape, color, texture, electrical
conductivity, malleability
Chemical Properties
- Used by the substance to change entirely a new
substance are observed when a substance reacts
with another substance
- Change in chemical composition
• Ability to decay, reactivity of acids to metals,
combustibility

PROPERTIES OF MATTER
-dependence to amount of matter
Intensive Properties
- do not depend on the amount of matter present.
- Melting point, boiling point, density and
hardness.
Extensive Properties
- depends on the amount of matter present.
- mass, volume,

SOLID
• Definite shape
• Definite volume
• Incompressible
• Tightly packed due to strong forces of attraction.
LIQUID Based on the number of components present Pure
• Indefinite shape Substances
• Definite volume • Composed of only one compound (same type of
• Incompressible atom, all the same molecules, or all the same
• Close together but attractive forces are weak ionically bonded elements.
enough to allow movement Mixture
GAS • Composed of several components
• Indefinite shape • Can be separated from each other by simple
means
Separation methods
Evaporation
-is the conversion of a liquid to its vapor below the
boiling temperature of the liquid.
Distillation
-to separate liquid in a heterogeneous mixture.
Magnetic separation
-process of separating mixture consists of a Atoms of the same element having same number
substance attracted to magnet. of Protons and Electrons, but different number of
Filtration Neutrons
- To separate solid from liquid using filtering
membrane like filter paper and cloth. CHEMICAL FORMULA
Decantation CRISS CROSS METHOD
-process of separating mixtures consists of heavy
solid and liquid by pouring the liquid

ISOTOPES
ATOM Atoms of an element have a constant or
fixed number of protons. The atomic number gives
the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.
For neutral atom, the number of protons is equal
to the number of its electrons.

NAMING COMPOUNDS

Chemical Nomenclature
- The system used in naming substances is called
chemical nomenclature from the Latin words
nomen (name) and calare (to call).
- There are now more than 19 million known
chemical substances.
- to apply this systematic method of naming
inorganic compounds proposed by International
Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
Calculating Empirical Formula
Writing Chemical Reactions and Balancing
Equations

Chemical Reaction
- is a process in which all the substances involved
are changed into new substances.
- to represent chemical reaction, chemical
equations are used.

Chemical Reaction
2X + Y → XY
REACTANTS PRODUCT

Types of Chemical Reaction Avogadro's Law -states that the volume OF a gas
maintained at constant temperature & pressure is
COMBINATION/ SYNTHESIS directly proportional too the no. Of moles of the
DECOMPOSITION gas.
SINGLE REPLACEMENT
DOUBLE REPLACEMENT Variable n= amount of gas.
V Volume

temp & pressure 8 is constant

Ideal Gas Law

PV=ORT
R= 0.08711-atm/ mol-k
P= 1.00 atm
T= 273 K

BOYLE'S LAW
describe the relationship between pressure. and volume of
gas.

Robert Boyle"

↑ Pressure ↓Volume
↓ Pressure ↑ Volume

Charles Law - Jacques Charles

Temperature(t) volume of directly proportional

Gay- Lussac's Law - Joseph Gay- LUSSO Relationship

between the pressure (P) I temperature (1).