Valence Electrons

AND IONS
IONS
VALENCE ELECTRONS
Valence electrons are the electrons in the
outermost orbital that usually determine the
chemical properties of an atom. These are
the electrons that participate in chemical
bonding.

The outer shell electron of an atom that can

form a chemical bond with another atom.

The Lewis Electron Dot Structure is used to

represent the valence electrons of an atom
with the use of dots around the element.
OCTET RULE
The octet rule states that atoms attempt
to acquire an outer orbital with eight
electrons through chemical reactions.

Said to be the most stable state.

The electron configurations of noble

gases are very stable because they
satisfy the required eight (8)
valence electrons.
Atoms either gain, lose or share electrons to have eight (8)
electrons in its outer shell.
Increasing Electronegativity

Increasing Electronegativity
KEY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN: Atoms vs Molecule vs Ion

ATOMS MOLECULES IONS

Atoms are single neutral Molecules are two or more an atom or molecule
particles. atoms connected by which has lost or gained
Basically the element chemical bonds one or more electrons.
itself. Basically compounds. Has a charge
ex. Ca, H, Be ex. H20, NaCl ex. Ca2+, K+
IONS
Is an atom or molecule that has an
electric charge.

These are charged particles.

Does not have the same protons

and electrons.

Cation - positively charged ions

Anion - negatively charged ions
IONS
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QUIZ
 1. How many Valence Electrons does Oxygen have?
2. What is referred to the electrons found in the outermost shell?
A. Ions C. Electron Configuration
B. Chemical Bonding D. Valence Electrons
3. This is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom with the use of
dots around the element.
A. Lewis Electron Dot Structure C. Aufbau Principle
B. Electron Configuration D. Hund’s Rule
4. How many Valence Electrons does Calcium have?
5. This is an atom or molecule that has an electric charge.
A. Ions C. Protons
B. Neutrons D. Isotopes
6. How many Valence Electrons does Neon have?
7. What is the Ionic charge of Aluminum?
8. How many electrons is required for the Octet rule?
 9. This is a positive charge ion.
A. Cation C. Dogion
B. Anion D. Ion
10. This is a negative charge ion.
A. Cation C. Dogion
B. Anion D. Ion
11. What is the Ionic charge of Beryllium?
12. How many Valence Electron does Selenium have?
13. This states that atoms attempt to acquire an outer orbital with eight
electrons through chemical reactions.
A. Duet Rule C. Octet Rule
B. Triad Rule D. Penta Rule
14. Which classification of elements is said to be the most stable due to
to satisfying the octet rule?
A. Metal C. Metalloids
B. Non-metals D. Noble Gases
15. What is the Ionic Charge of Fluorine?
16. How many Valence electron does Krypton have?
17. How many Valence Electron does Potassium have?
18. An ion does not have the same number of protons and electrons?
A. True B. False
19. Atoms either gain, lose or share electrons to have eight (8) electrons in
its outer shell.
A. True B. False
20. Elements that have 8 valence electrons have unstable states.
A. True B. False