1 Progressive Thinking ‘Wha should Tandrte? How cote? Chewpayers ate ed wc gusto at every tr To ase hem caety ou fave © Fortra speck wichcomprzes a nanboro sep Ch Sey te peton, at Wey lle een ad sti pats ch cntigatin ees ps Ngee won. Giearon tkngsbeut “rung epson bt sm "eg att lesion jst Hel oitou sa) doc capaly egy 10 Arr fore tay bs cso Whe ee an Joins per ny ee scons he won now Wit SORE Mitek odo wath is “ene” poston? (2) Sudyng the poson geenies Mes wih tei conesponding Gun a re adit exis tome pares crtee its fe ston (be chances you previo Wet) () Now cel thevaratons and set he poss whch hey rel nether rds, weighap ate ate sly. (ithe vet one ea psn, you cary Wen, at you make sb dorespaing ie. Tatu an example ‘Toshkov-Russek Sain John, 1988, White to move5 Progressive Thinking ‘As we stay the situation, our atention is drawn othe folowing: (2) the opposition of the queens, andthe fact tha the bishop on dS eto some exten "banging" (©) the alignment ofthe king and bishop on the 82-28 diagonal (the pawn ‘on fis pinned, which means the knighton 26 i unprotected), Such are the tacclfeaues. Of the erateie ones, we notice (©) Whites pawn superior inthe centre, and Blick’ onthe queensie, rom the above, some ideas and “eandidste moves" emerge: (9) Wht cold ek pte sap on. 6 by Jumping BS ofS ‘with Knight 1/23; 1 (Height anon whe nigh ou arcing pe on ef; tus Ves (© He could prepare the advance of hse and pawns: 1 Dade; 1 Wel. “You might ask about the order in whic the candidate moves should be cxamined: The answer is fist of al look atthe most promising ones, those ‘which ore forcing and tactical ia characer. Only then examine the moves ‘Which am teary out #saegie plan. ‘So let ws proceed to the ealeultion of variations. (A) 10s clear tat night excusion to bS promise nothing good, while L “DIS doesnt Tead to 2 forced line of play, and Would regute dealed investigation. ‘So we switch tothe following posit (8) | e5 —a fly suaghtorward analysis shows that White win. The ‘verdict on the idea is positive, The move ean be played. 2h Jot st ten, we never gt ound oexaiing the satel moves 1c nd TW, Inthe game, the continuation was: 15! @neS 2 £4 (the knight perishes) 2ddegs 3 hagd Qngt 4 hel Badd § De 1. In this case the winning idea was “on the surface", the variations proved ver simple and White dda’ need "aig deep" Let ae vsulie the scheme ofthoughe tke this: “4 Oz sexe =O) SO" Progrestive Thinking. 9 Butts what we have sid above realistic? sally ital appens abit diferent. When a payer tas ha steton to the placing othe qeans a he vlnersblity of he bishop on 4d ote {he omesponding moves | Debs and 1 ds, bad to apne hm not Tooting immediately at the expe ofthe knighton Inter words 2 Preliminary, canary inspection of the tmenay fed variaogy ales Pec ap soe he ea eres I way, Mis Ot wink ‘Next the player wil noice the oposton ofthe bishop and king the pin ge pat td te unprotrte poston of eign a The move 1 comes int his head, and he innately tarts working othe vrston With this, the preparatory wor ie prctially Snised. Te player will spe it yer investigations, He wil rebar bis vaaons and — ~ Ws easy to see ht this aa om the previous one I dea “B” cropped up fst (aswell it migh), the scheme of thought would ‘be simplified sil farther: ‘Wie will ages to last this scheme a progressive thinking, by which we ‘mean a simple, seaghtforvard van of hough In chess as inl, batts ae fought between ideas. Asa rl, the more cated ones preval, We now oer 160 postions for solution, which we opel bel young players Yo pure their metal development and conceive new, inlrestng ideas.10. Progressive Thinking Black o move12 Progressive Thinking Progresive Thinking 13 16 aie14. Progressive Thinking Progressive Thinking 13Progressive Thinking 17,18. Progressive Thinking Progrestive Thinking 19 Black to move Black 0 moveProgressive Thinking 21 20 Progresive Thinking22 Progressive Thinking24 Progressive Thinking Progressive Thinking 25 Black fo move26 Progressive Thinking28 Progressive Thinking Progressive Thinking 29 Black 10 moveProgressive Thinking. 31Progrstve Thinking 33 32. Progressive Thinking34 Progressive Thinking ase site36. Progressive Thinking Progressive Thinking 37 isp35. Progresive Tnking Progressive Thinking 392 Reciprocal Thinking ‘After noticing an idea and briefly fairing ourselves with it, we pro- ceed tots deed examination. What do we do if we find that daca ‘Work? Do we disard it and ty another one, and then the next one and s0 ‘on? Then do we come back to the fst one, and sty i more clocely? This IS haudy senile Tr we fal to make an iden work, we need {o slop and ascerain the caute of filure (ie. answer the question “why?"), and then attempt to coneet our design. Lets take an example, ‘Aronin-Kholmev Yerevan, 1962 Black 0 move Ws intresting to acqaint ourselves with Khplmov's comment: “Black's advantage is undeniable, It looks aif 32.044 would be very eons, the last ebstalo—te aight on, But then there cold follow 33 ‘Gadd Wes 34-1 exat 35 Was, and White obins saving chances based on the threat of perpetual check: This variation did’ satis) me, 50, my thoughts tok anew direction, Whit about 32..Wa2 ? Then White evi ently ha to play 33 2, to defend against mate Butaer that i's simple: 33..UdLt 34 EN 4135 dat Madde 36 ext Bee 37 ed Wh, end Black wis. “That's it Ive found the solution e's go! “And yet just as my hand was reaching out towards the quoen, an uneasy feeling come over me. On 32..Wa2, White hae 38 hs! What hen? Black Reciprocal Thinking 41 would gain nothing fom 33... in view of 4 Wd. The treats of 35, ‘Wpst and'35 Wres would be quite unpleatant Afer a itle move thought, Tame to the conclusion tat the knighton 5 had tobe eliminated at once. ‘32.Esf! 33 enfS Wd2, and White resigned What id Kholmov do? He corcted his idea. How? By altering the order of moves Let's look at another episode from play. Purin-Inglits CComespondence game, 1971 ite to move Alter 1 Bxd6e 7, of 1 On hg no deisve continatons ae tbe fond Whats White oda? 1 Obs¢!t An important inept te causes the long diagonal f0 be pena, allowing hs bop fo oi a Sack with tempo: rnexbs (or 1eSb7 2 Senior a6 3 Oe? mate) 2 ‘eas 'b73 Ree (beet) eb 4 Racor 6 3 Wed mate Therefore Blak resigned. By inserting + vec intermediate move, Whie brought about @ ‘avourable change inte porton. Ths, an ea may be coreted dy (a) altering th order of moves: (2 inerting an intermediate move. ‘Asimplifed representation ofthe “ei took ke his ith his intermediate check, White al” scheme of thought would42 Recprocal Thinking ‘Aprblem that many young players have is that they dont think about the reason why one Hea docsa’t wor they eet about examining the next one feeb ay inte wo nop cn of ie art ee sing, namely “ascertain the case", and consequently “correct the ide ‘This resut in missed opportunities snd Tow quality of pay Experience ha down that the reciprocal manner of thinking is ensy for 2 player to develop. Black to move4. Reciprocal Thinking Reciprocal Thinking 48Reciprocal Thinking 47 46 Reciprocal ThinkingReciprocal Thinking 42 4 Reciprocal Thinking10 Reciprocal Thinkin $0 Reciprocal Thinking Reciprocal Thinking $1Reciprocal Thinking 53 2 Reciprocal Thinking54 Reciprocal Thinking Black 10 move3 Reciprocal Thinking — Logic ‘Quite often a player succeeds in physically eliminating the reason why 9, ‘uss dben't work This i acbieved wih he ado ogi. SaxPartos Biel, 1985 White 10 move ‘The srsightforward 1 xe6 xe 2 Bxes looks obvious, but then Black pares the teat of 3 Bg6* by playing 2..Wxe2, 1 eft bxe3 Now the quoen can't get to €2! 2 Heb fixe6 3 Bxe6 £6 4 x16, an Parts resigned, In this cate Whit liminated tke direct defensive posiiliy (8x2). [Now Let ue lok a another example, Reciprocal Thinking = Logic 57 Wheto move White ant pay 1 a bens of maton 2 1 st Doping Black of bt countries on he ong agra» loi deci! 1x I ed thea 22h, Yhac6 063 gx Ax 4 ht 1. ie pared bis opponents coutethent wit empo tha she ped him San nde nce Tee 2) rosmve ANE58 Reciprocal Thinking — Logie Sometimes more complex cases arise. Reciprocal Thinking - Logie: 39 Yancey Li Leningrad, 1989 White 10 move “The knighton a short of mobility, White can try to win i with 1 Bes, bat Bike ER and pet pe y xing wea tuck rank: 2 Bei Qe. Soles rook ffom coming ‘topo. 1 Bate Set he sain now acest) 2 ety and wins. However, the king int forced to retteat tothe eighth rank—Dlack has 1c Wel eartwe deprive ie of spose ts? 1 ett! fxe6 2 Z44H, and Yunev lai down his ams, In this ease, how wil the reciprocal tain of thought be schematically represented?” (=3)-@)+ E=€ © ES(60 Reciprocal Thinking Logie Resiprocal Tnking = Logie. 61Reciprocal Thinking Logic. 63 €2 Reciprocal Thinking —Logle Black 10 move Es ‘Black o move Black o move Black o moveReciprocal Thinking Logic. 6566 Reciprocal Thinking —Logle Reciprocal Thinking Logie. 67 soe 309 310"(68 Reciprocal Thinking - Logie Reciprocal Thinking ~ Logic 6870 Reciprocal Thinking - Logie Reciprocal Thinking Logie 71Reciprocal Thinking — Logie. 73Reciprocal Thinking Logic 75 14. Reciprocal Thinking Logie76 Reciprocal Thinking — Logie Reciprocal Thinking Logic 77Reciprocal Thinking Logic. 78 78 Reciprocal Thinking Logie Black 0 move80. Reciprocal Thinking ~ Logic ecprocal Thinking - Logic: $1 sasee Black o move42 Reciprocal Thinking ~ Logic Reciprocal Thinking Logic. 83Reciprocal Thinking Logic. 83 84 Reciprocal Thinking LogieRectprocal Thinking ~ Logie anges 4 Reciprocal Thinking — Auxiliary Idea ‘Sometimes, o cary out one ides, you ned 0 fnd snothe eulary one. Gulko-Vagaatan Reggio Emil, 1981 Black o move lack isin fia station. To save himself, he will have 10 pick up the Ipaoa (which fa Tong way sway) and get back tothe square. But "nays hows that he one tempo sr. His psitin looks hopeless. 1..sbeS 2 had Playing 2 would be slly—the opposing king isin the square”. 2asiedlt The suxlary idea! By tvestening to take the €3-prwn, Vaganian forces his opponent’ next move: 3 bd Aer 3 seas chs, the game would be dawn, ‘3uiidSt Reverting to the original idea—te route to the Wepawn is now ‘one oguare shortest 4 as es 5 cea6 2S 6 chnaT dd 7 bbs Oxhd 8 eS ee But not p37 on account of hast 5 10 eH, 9 bas oes{8 Reciprocal Thinking ~ Awaliary Idea Reciprocal Thinking Ausliary Idea 8890. Reciprocal Thoking~ Ausiliay Idea Reciprocal Thinking ~ Auiliary Hea 91 36 a7 Black o move 35" Black o move Black to move92 Reciprocal Thinking ~ Auiliary Idea ecprocal Thinking Auaillary Idea 93 a6" a“ an 4s94 Reclrocol Thinking —Auailary Kea Reciprocal Thinking -Aucliary Idea 9595 Reciprocal Thinking ~ Ailary Hea Reciprocal Thinking ~ Ausiliary Reciprocal Thinking —Ausiiary Idea 9798 Reciprocal Thinking ~ Auiliory Idea Reciprocal Thinking Aualary Idea 99 ane100 Reciprocal Tinting Ausiary Idea Reciprocal Thinking ~ Ausiliary Idea 101 Black o move102 Reciprocal Thinking — Auilary dea 5 Mental Agility Every cho teacher watches his pupils and evalues ther mel capable, One ofthe eer for Wis evaunon fee mental ay (Guckewitedoey resourcefulness). This quality i ery t eect by means ‘Treg Let took at he fllowing example. FOlafson-Karpov Valea, 1980, Black 0 move “Tend the winning idea, you have to show resource. 1.Wbt+! 2 Bet Wa2t A delicate manoeavre—an ambush sai forthe whe queen. On 3 He, lack has prepared 32+. Therefore White resigned. Regarding the development ofthe mental faculties (and resourcefulness in particle), heredity and the age ofthe pupils ae highly significant factors, [Ks specialists wil ll you, athe age of tee, children should already be receiving arg quantity of the most varied information. This fries eit bervous system and advances their meatal development. Subsequently their ‘brainer mt bo stimulated bya variety of exercise, problems, puzles, fe, Thee is time 1 Tose olde icy ar, de Tess chance there is of ‘eveloping their wis. ‘We would stongly arge coaches working with young cheseplayers to use more exercises with orginal unconventional oltions, since itis ata young, ge that mental agility can be succesfully developed. This quality Sometimes helps a thessplayer (ond the man idea in position, but far ‘more often it comes into play when searching for a wutliay idea “The exercises offered in Chapter V and VI ean be effectively used to sear your mental agility, but nt t develop itMental Agility 108 104 Mental Agility sue s10*106 Mental Agility Mental Agitsy 107 Black 19 move108 Mental Agiiy 6 Mental Agility — Reciprocal Thinking — Auxiliary Idea “Think abou the flowing position and find the strongest contimation, Dehrhorst- Didar Beatin, 1985, Black o move ‘Now et us follow your an of thought What dd you look ata the int spaet You thought about kg th ook, didn't you? Bat Wht replies 2 ‘The and by natn mate He recover te Tost mae. Next yeu wil inne ed nove 1 in ie he sh of ‘Pile and tins des the mtg sep. But in ths ese logis powers: 2 Wigs ht 3 Wed. + tis only fer thisthat you goa ite more dep iat the postion and aarti winning outlay ide Tate game ther followed: 1S Unblosking he seventh rank with tempo. Yeats Bxdt 3h 287! 4 Bet Was, and White resigned ‘What helped you (and Dia to id the wining airy ies? You neta agit a resurefins, 1 Bleve es smeting you mut Kp ‘ng!HO Montel Agility ~ Rectprocl Thinking ~ Auailiary Idea Mental Agility ~ Reciprocal Thiking ~ Auclary ea 11Mental Agility Reciprocal Thinking - Airy Idea. 113 112. Mental Agility Reciprocal Thinking Aciliary Hea lack to move114 Mental Agility Reeprocal Thinking - Azar dea Mental Agility Reciprocal Thinking ~ Aula dea 118 sie ss" 338° sss ss 5598U6 Mental Agi Reciprocal Thinking — Ausiary Idea Mental Agility ~ Reciprocal Thinking ~ Auiliary dea 117 Black 10 moveLIS Mental Agiliy~ Reciprocal Thinking Ausilary Idea Reciprocal Thinking ~ Airy dea 118120 Mental Agility ~ Reciprocal Thinking — Ausilary Ide Menial Agility ~ Reciprocal Thinking ~ Alar Idea 121 519" 590 s05¢ 595"122 Mental Agiliy~ Reciprocal Thinking Ausilary Idea Mental Agility - Reciprocal Thinking ~ Auiliary Hea 128124 Mental Ail ~ Reciprocal Thinking — Auslliary Idea Mental Agility — Reciprocal Thinking Awaiary Idea 125 su oi ar ous 63 ee 619" 620"Mental Agility ~ Reciprocal Thinking ~ Auilary dea 127 126 Mental Agiliy~ Reciprocal Tinting — Austr Idea or 626, as oe ow Black io move128 Mental Agi Reciprocal Thinking Auciliary Hea Mental Agility Reciprocal Thinking ~ Aurilary Idea 129 Black to move120 Mental Agility ~ Reciprocal Thinking ~ Auilary Idea ‘Black o move 7 Imagination Kronlack-Kaeller Liepaja, 1972 White to moveassers the postion “The kings pawas are blocked, ad there's no posblty of creating patted pawn onthe opposite wing Does ths meen Ws a dead ew? 1 d6 Sd 2 des has 3 Let! ns 4 bat exbé IF 4.xb4, thon $ “t206, and the pan is ein ation ' Ab! Extraordinary! The bishop i walled in It wa soon ll ver. hat helped Kronlack to discover his remarkable idea? Logie? No. Merl apy? Hy. maint OF couse Tat was wha ed hen the thought of sting of the Bishop. Bat vin put did eed ply? How dee towed as ‘imagination? Let us take an132 Imogination ASeleanie, 1923, (conclusion of study) White o move ‘We have shown the diagram poston to many a junior chessplayer. The task—"White to play and win or again "While wis in one move™—Ieft ‘hem bewildered. Hardly anyone could find the soltion. Why? Let us 10k int it Two factors should be noted: (1) The pupils possessed the indispensable knowledge for solving the posian; they knew abou th right to ease {@) They also knew that casting sully takes places th beginning of the game, and that fit does’, something wil happen to deprive the player of his esting rights. In other words, they had sytematzed and generalized their knowledge. As a sesul, the childea subsonciusly Snfeed that ‘casting mast be impossible in an advanced stage ofthe endgame twa his Inference that prevented the fom nding 1 0-0-0 ‘Mos ofthe small number who di ive the right soltion bad come aroes something similar before—see the next diagram ‘mate in one move Imagination 133 Discovery ofthe solution maée such a stone impression on them hat the iden stuck tn their memory. Thus they found the concluding move of the Seley sy wih he ad of oy Cat rough novos nd ‘collection. What about the rerainde ofthe who found ht move? They had managed independesty to rid themselves of fae Inferences reiting their imagination. ‘Lets take a practical episode fom a game between young player. Kamly-Tiviskow Daugavpils, 1986 Black o move Of couse, when Kamsky made his ast move, @e2-, be had considered what would happen if Back eaptred on hat squae. Yet be was oaly think- Ing about a night exchange, whichis characteristic of uch positions. The tnconventonal move 1nnAxdl eespod his tention Aer? Add e6 3 ‘Bes ef, Black emerged with an ext piece ‘Why did White overlook 1...ixd8 ? Kamaky just ike anyother chess player) had probably seen a kaight exchange dozens of tunes before in tis {ype of positon. Black's surende ofthe flanchetod bishop wich in most ‘ises rns counter t common sense, was something he had perhaps never ‘once come across, Iis knowledge bad become generalize, for him, the ‘tig efetmge had tecone the gpl precept Hence iat was ‘subconsciously excluded asa possibilty ‘We may say tht imagination is endangered not by krowledge but by generalisations rom for they entail avons rubconscousInibions AD Yet generalizations fom knowledge are a human characteristic that ‘Seni tof. How ean this contraction be revalved? Cleat, the ability to thnk in a nonstandard manner nesds to be ‘developed in young players fom the tne of thei very fst steps in chess. This means the coach must not merely impart knowledge and tach them he principles and mhods of combst, bu also demonsuate exceptions tothe les, an, most important, sumuate their own investigationsImagination 135136 Imagination138 Imagination Imagination 139 Black 0 move140 Imagination Imagination 141142 Imagination Imagination 143 Tse 6" met me144 Imagination146 ImaginationInogination 149 Tas150 Imagination a Imseination 181 tage assem fae Black o moveSolutions to Exercises | Short-Topaloy, Linares 1995 The rook on d6 has two defenders. Lafed! With the iden of fst semoving ene, and then—the other. 2 Wald 2 Has 3 Oxi Wxds, 2dixd8 3 Bids Hue The ret is a mater of srighorvand technique. 4 ‘We Wer s Wir Wea 6 bbz Wose That Bhs 8 WN Hes 0-1 2 Bhivest-Kir.Goorgev, Vsac 1987 1 Was! The pn allows him to win a kaigh, 1.46 2€7 Wxe7 3 Wads 3 Matanovie-D.Byrne, Vincovei 1968 1 Bb6! The dd square is needed forthe knight, 1.28 2 @as D6. 44 Krasenkov-Glezero, Poland 1993, The black rooks ae very resisted in their movement. 1 Has 7 2 eG Hee} 2. Hbe? 3 BeBe, 3Hadl! and Gezeoy resigned. M0 5 Steln-R.Byene, Sousse 1967 {eft LO Uf L.dnet 2 eb! Wo6 3. xe; 1.1262 xd 6 Mukhamedslanoy-Pels, Ryazan 1976 UBS! pes Lod 2 haps sags 4 BabA, 2 Dd! Rahs 2..ed 3 WD. 3 ee Wis 4a Ber olsne es ¢ 33 a7 ess Bos § Wane 9 ByS+ a7 10 WES Wal 11 War7 aes 12 Wes 1-0 17 Mirkovt-Gluzman, Belgrade 1991 16: as 1, 2e6 2 Wess! (2 e127 Wee7) 2,.Bxe8 3 Wxed> Ores 4 gp hen 2 He 2 Ber 1.0 2-Bane 3 dyn Weer ahs Wea a7 8 6 Hes, {8 Rozentals-Niklof, USA 1994 1a 1-0 Soluions o Exercizes 183 LN! Kopricik drives the queen sway fom the eS square, 1.8 1.lye2 We. 2 kr yr 3 Wes! 0 a a 10Pismenny-Shwartz, Moscow 1968 Bloc is counting on moving his rook back and fh from g6 to 6. 1 gS 1He6 2 Ie! 18 The pron eading is hopeless. 3 a8 gb 4 a7 Bel 4u00f8 5Whs mate $g6 10 11 Khalitman-Uub, Soch 1989) 1 Dxe6!! Wes 2 Hel Weel 2.005 3 Ores; 2.1917 3 er. 3 Wael bTA Hebe 0 12 Reshevsky-Larsen, Lugano 1968 1 fON61 2 Dre Hed 3 Be? Walt! OL 13 Leln-Fleseh, Ordchonikde 1968 1 aS! exdS 1, xc} 2 dee6+ dines 3 Bed OaSe 4 2! He 5 eS ee.2 ‘Exdst 10.2 nd 3 exd5 14 Magergut-Bykey, Viadinir 1960 1 DAM! 10 There isto defence aguins the manocuve ofthe knight to ss. 15 Matanovie-Dumper, Novi Vecey 1986 gS! With the ies of clearing te second rank of pawns. Already then the well known manoeuvre EbI-AL-hD+ wl be decisive, 2 hxgé The teat trae 2.exf2 3 Enid g3+. 2-h3! 3 guhd cxf? 47s 6 § HEH Ses 6 bs had 6.4). 7 utd Zot a bys bieW 9 Labi Exbi 10 14 Gas AU nd Enl+ 12 ys es 13 gs BiG 14 Oe? LET 15 eB Ha! 0 16 Van der WieLHabner, Wik aan Zee 1987 1 Ebht! De? 2 Wh3 DES 3 g4 1-0 Since the variation 3.6 4 gs 5 ‘5 Whe 76 g6+ de7 7 Eat ie eay ond 17 eta Via Garcia Meseas Cordoba, Spain 1995 1.191 Black enlist opponent pees on hd rank 2 Daas ice comtinntons re sho upstate? Axed Oued 3 Wo G Bee wns aoe Give Ger Sans eb 6 oe dos, 2 Bod had