NATURE OF MATHEMATICS
Patterns
- Regular, repeated, or recurring
forms or designs.
Symmetry
- Mirror images of each other
Line Bilateral Symmetry
- Left and right are the same.
Rotational Symmetry
- If you rotate a certain object, you
can still achieve the same
appearance as the original
position.
Angle of Rotation
- The smallest angle that a figure
can be rotated while still
preserving the original formation.
Order of Rotation
- A more common way of
describing rotational symmetry.
360
- Angle of Rotation =
n
- Example: snowflakes have 6
sides so divide 6 by 360 which
will result to 60
Packing Problems
- It involves finding the optimum
method of filling up a given space
such as a cubic or spherical
container.
Alan Turing
- Famous for breaking the Enigma
Code during World War Two.
Three variables that could affect the
orientation of stripes:
a. The substance that amplifies the
density of stripe patterns
b. The substance that changes one
of the parameters in stripe
formation
c. The physical change in the
direction of the origin of the
stripe.
Spiral Patterns
- For example, whirlpools and
shells of a snail.
Equiangular Spiral
- A process that results in a refined
spiral structure
- For example, while ga grow ang
snail, kay gapadako pud ang
shell nila para makapuyo japon
sila
- It follows the rule that as the
distance from the spiral center
increases (radius), the
amplitudes of the angles formed
by the radii to the point and the
tangent to the point remain
constant.
 Mathematics
- It helps organized patterns and
regularities in the world. It helps
predict the behavior of nature and
Sequence phenomena in the world, as well
as helps humans exert control
- Is an ordered list of numbers, over occurrences in the world for
called terms, that may have the advancement of our
repeated values. civilization.
Fibonacci Sequence
- Sum of two preceeding numbers
- Name after the Italian
Mathematician Leonardo Pisano
- Start with 0 and 1
Leonardo Pisano
- Born in 1170 and died in 1240
- Nickname: Fibonacci (means
son of bonacci – bonacci means
good)
- Wrote the Liber Abaci
- Mainly known because of
Fibonacci Sequence.
- He introduced the Arabic number
system in Europe.
November 30
- Fibonacci Day
Golden Ratio
- Can also be expressed as the
ratio between two numbers, if the
latter is also the ratio between the
sum and the larger of two
numbers.
Geometric
- It can visualized as a rectangle
perfectly formed by a square and
another rectangle, which can be
repeated infinitely inside each
section.

Variable
- Is sometimes thought of as a
mathematical “John Doe”
because you can use it as a
placeholder when you want to
talk about something that either
(1) you imagine that it has one or
more values but you don’t know
what they are, or (2) you want
whatever you say about it to be
equally true for all elements in a
given set, and so you don’t want
to be restricted to considering
only a particular, concrete value
for it.
Example:
Are there numbers with the property that
the sum of their square equals the
square of their sum?
- A2 + B2 = (a + b)2
Universal Statement
- Says that a certain property is
true for all elements in a set.
- Example: All positive numbers
are greater than zero.
Conditional
- Says that if one thing is true then
some other thing also has to be
true.
- Example: if 378 is divisible by 18,
then 378 is divisible by 6.
Existential Statement
- Says that there is at least one
thing which the property is true.
- Kay ga exist man so tinoud siya
- For example: There is a prime
number that is even which is 2)
Universal Existential Statement
- In simpler terms, it's a statement
that says something exists for
everything in a particular group.
- For example, "Every cat has
whiskers" is a universal
existential statement because it
claims that whiskers exist for
every cat.
- Is a statement that is universal
because its first part says that a
certain property is true for all
objects of a given type, and its
existential because its second
part asserts the existence of
something.
Universal Conditional Statement
- Contain some variation of the
words “for all” and conditional
statements version of the words
“if-then”.
- Is a statement that is both
universal and conditional.
- describes a condition that must
be true for every member of a
certain group or category. In
simpler terms, it's a statement
that says if something belongs to
a particular group, then another
thing will always be true about it.
- For example, "If it is a weekday,
then schools are open" is a
universal conditional statement
because it asserts that whenever
 it's a weekday, schools will
always be open.
Existential Universal Statements
- Is a statement that is existential
because its first part asserts that
a certain property for all things of
a certain kind.
- An existential universal statement
is a statement that talks about
something that exists for every
member of a group. In simpler
terms, it's a statement that says
something is true for every single
thing in a certain category.
- For example, "All birds have
wings" is an existential universal
statement because it asserts that
every bird possesses wings.
Set
- Introduced in 1879 by Georg
Cantor (1845-1981).
- Collection of elements.
Notation
- notation refers to the symbols,
characters, or language used to
represent or communicate ideas,
concepts, or information. It's like
a system of writing or symbols
that people use to express
mathematical, scientific, musical,
or linguistic concepts, among
others.
Set Rooster Notation
- Writing all of its elements
between braces.
Cartesian Product
- In simple terms, a Cartesian
product is a way of combining
sets to create a new set. Imagine
you have two sets, A and B. The
Cartesian product of A and B is a
set that contains all possible pairs
where the first element comes
from set A and the second
element comes from set B.
- For example, let's say set A is {1,
2} and set B is {a, b}. The
Cartesian product of A and B
would be {(1, a), (1, b), (2, a), (2,
b)}. It pairs each element from set
A with every element from set B,
resulting in all possible
combinations.
Norbert Weiner (1894 – 1964)
- A young American who had
recently received his Ph.D.
Felix Hausdorff (1868 – 1942)
- German Mathematician
Norbert Weiner and Felix Hausdorff
- Gave definitions that an ordered
pair can be defined as a certain
type of set.
Kazimierz Kuratowski (1896 – 1980)
- He says that an ordered pair is a
set of the form.