GPRS - Quick Guide

GPRS - Overview
General Packet Radio System is also known as GPRS is a t hird-generat ion st ep t oward int ernet
access. GPRS is also known as GSM-IP t hat is a Global-Syst em Mobile Communicat ions Int ernet
Prot ocol as it keeps t he users of t his syst em online, allows t o make voice calls, and access
int ernet on-t he-go. Even Time-Division Mult iple Access (TDMA) users benefit from t his syst em
as it provides packet radio access.

GPRS also permit s t he net work operat ors t o execut e an Int ernet Prot ocol (IP) based core
archit ect ure for int egrat ed voice and dat a applicat ions t hat will cont inue t o be used and
expanded for 3G services.

GPRS supersedes t he wired connect ions, as t his syst em has simplified access t o t he packet dat a
net works like t he int ernet . The packet radio principle is employed by GPRS t o t ransport user dat a
packet s in a st ruct ure way bet ween GSM mobile st at ions and ext ernal packet dat a net works.
These packet s can be direct ly rout ed t o t he packet swit ched net works from t he GPRS mobile
st at ions.

In t he current versions of GPRS, net works based on t he Int ernet Prot ocol (IP) like t he global
int ernet or privat e/corporat e int ranet s and X.25 net works are support ed.

Who owns GPRS ?

The GPRS specificat ions are writ t en by t he European Telecommunicat ions St andard Inst it ut e
(ETSI), t he European count erpart of t he American Nat ional St andard Inst it ut e (ANSI).

Key Features
Following t hree key feat ures describe wireless packet dat a
 The always online feature - Removes t he dial-up process, making applicat ions only one
click away.

An upgrade to existing systems - Operat ors do not have t o replace t heir equipment ;
rat her, GPRS is added on t op of t he exist ing infrast ruct ure.
An integral par t of future 3G systems - GPRS is t he packet dat a core net work for 3G
syst ems EDGE and WCDMA.

Goals of GPRS
GPRS is t he first st ep t oward an end-t o-end wireless infrast ruct ure and has t he following goals:

Open archit ect ure

Consist ent IP services

Same infrast ruct ure for different air int erfaces

Int egrat ed t elephony and Int ernet infrast ruct ure

Leverage indust ry invest ment in IP

Service innovat ion independent of infrast ruct ure

Benefits of GPRS

Higher Data Rate

GPRS benefit s t he users in many ways, one of which is higher dat a rat es in t urn of short er access
t imes. In t he t ypical GSM mobile, set up alone is a lengt hy process and equally, rat es for dat a
permission are rest rained t o 9.6 kbit /s. The session est ablishment t ime offered while GPRS is in
pract ice is lower t han one second and ISDN-line dat a rat es are up t o many 10 kbit /s.

Easy Billing

GPRS packet t ransmission offers a more user-friendly billing t han t hat offered by circuit swit ched
services. In circuit swit ched services, billing is based on t he durat ion of t he connect ion. This is
unsuit able for applicat ions wit h burst y t raffic. The user must pay for t he ent ire airt ime, even for
idle periods when no packet s are sent (e.g., when t he user reads a Web page).

In cont rast t o t his, wit h packet swit ched services, billing can be based on t he amount of
t ransmit t ed dat a. The advant age for t he user is t hat he or she can be "online" over a long period
of t ime but will be billed based on t he t ransmit t ed dat a volume.
 GPRS - Applications
GPRS has opened a wide range of unique services t o t he mobile wireless subscriber. Some of t he
charact erist ics t hat have opened a market full of enhanced value services t o t he users. Below are
some of t he charact erist ics:

Mobility - The abilit y t o maint ain const ant voice and dat a communicat ions while on t he
move.
Immediacy - Allows subscribers t o obt ain connect ivit y when needed, regardless of
locat ion and wit hout a lengt hy login session.
Localization - Allows subscribers t o obt ain informat ion relevant t o t heir current locat ion.

Using t he above t hree charact erist ics varied possible applicat ions are being developed t o offer t o
t he mobile subscribers. These applicat ions, in general, can be divided int o t wo high-level
cat egories:

Corporat ion
Consumer

These t wo levels furt her include:

Communications - E-mail, fax, unified messaging and int ranet /int ernet access, et c.

Value-added services - Informat ion services and games, et c.

E-commerce - Ret ail, t icket purchasing, banking and financial t rading, et c.

Location-based applications - Navigat ion, t raffic condit ions, airline/rail schedules and
locat ion finder, et c.
Ver tical applications - Freight delivery, fleet management and sales-force aut omat ion.

Adver tising - Advert ising may be locat ion sensit ive. For example, a user ent ering a mall
can receive advert isement s specific t o t he st ores in t hat mall.

Along wit h t he above applicat ions, non-voice services like SMS, MMS and voice calls are also
possible wit h GPRS. Closed User Group (CUG) is a common t erm used aft er GPRS is in t he market ,
in addit ion, it is planned t o implement supplement ary services, such as Call Forwarding
Uncondit ional (CFU), and Call Forwarding on Mobile subscriber Not Reachable (CFNRc), and closed
user group (CUG).

GPRS - Architecture
GPRS archit ect ure works on t he same procedure like GSM net work, but , has addit ional ent it ies
t hat allow packet dat a t ransmission. This dat a net work overlaps a second-generat ion GSM
net work providing packet dat a t ransport at t he rat es from 9.6 t o 171 kbps. Along wit h t he packet
dat a t ransport t he GSM net work accommodat es mult iple users t o share t he same air int erface
resources concurrent ly.

Following is t he GPRS Archit ect ure diagram:

GPRS at t empt s t o reuse t he exist ing GSM net work element s as much as possible, but t o
effect ively build a packet -based mobile cellular net work, some new net work element s,
int erfaces, and prot ocols for handling packet t raffic are required.

Therefore, GPRS requires modificat ions t o numerous GSM net work element s as summarized
below:

GPRS Mobile Stations

New Mobile St at ions (MS) are required t o use GPRS services because exist ing GSM phones do
not handle t he enhanced air int erface or packet dat a. A variet y of MS can exist , including a high-
speed version of current phones t o support high-speed dat a access, a new PDA device wit h an
embedded GSM phone, and PC cards for lapt op comput ers. These mobile st at ions are backward
compat ible for making voice calls using GSM.

GPRS Base Station Subsystem

Each BSC requires t he inst allat ion of one or more Packet Cont rol Unit s (PCUs) and a soft ware
upgrade. The PCU provides a physical and logical dat a int erface t o t he Base St at ion Subsyst em
(BSS) for packet dat a t raffic. The BTS can also require a soft ware upgrade but t ypically does not
require hardware enhancement s.

When eit her voice or dat a t raffic is originat ed at t he subscriber mobile, it is t ransport ed over t he
air int erface t o t he BTS, and from t he BTS t o t he BSC in t he same way as a st andard GSM call.
However, at t he out put of t he BSC, t he t raffic is separat ed; voice is sent t o t he Mobile Swit ching
Cent er (MSC) per st andard GSM, and dat a is sent t o a new device called t he SGSN via t he PCU
over a Frame Relay int erface.

GPRS Support Nodes

Following t wo new component s, called Gat eway GPRS Support Nodes (GSNs) and, Serving GPRS
Support Node (SGSN) are added:

Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

The Gat eway GPRS Support Node act s as an int erface and a rout er t o ext ernal net works. It
cont ains rout ing informat ion for GPRS mobiles, which is used t o t unnel packet s t hrough t he IP
based int ernal backbone t o t he correct Serving GPRS Support Node. The GGSN also collect s
charging informat ion connect ed t o t he use of t he ext ernal dat a net works and can act as a packet
filt er for incoming t raffic.

Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

The Serving GPRS Support Node is responsible for aut hent icat ion of GPRS mobiles, regist rat ion
of mobiles in t he net work, mobilit y management , and collect ing informat ion on charging for t he
use of t he air int erface.

Internal Backbone
The int ernal backbone is an IP based net work used t o carry packet s bet ween different GSNs.
Tunnelling is used bet ween SGSNs and GGSNs, so t he int ernal backbone does not need any
informat ion about domains out side t he GPRS net work. Signalling from a GSN t o a MSC, HLR or EIR
is done using SS7.

Routing Area
GPRS int roduces t he concept of a Rout ing Area. This concept is similar t o Locat ion Area in GSM,
except t hat it generally cont ains fewer cells. Because rout ing areas are smaller t han locat ion
areas, less radio resources are used While broadcast ing a page message.

GPRS - Protocol Stack

The flow of GPRS prot ocol st ack and end-t o-end message from MS t o t he GGSN is displayed in
t he below diagram. GTP is t he prot ocol used bet ween t he SGSN and GGSN using t he Gn
int erface. This is a Layer 3 t unneling prot ocol.
The process t hat t akes place in t he applicat ion looks like a normal IP sub-net work for t he users
bot h inside and out side t he net work. The vit al t hing t hat needs at t ent ion is, t he applicat ion
communicat es via st andard IP, t hat is carried t hrough t he GPRS net work and out t hrough t he
gat eway GPRS. The packet s t hat are mobile bet ween t he GGSN and t he SGSN use t he GPRS
t unneling prot ocol, t his way t he IP addresses locat ed on t he ext ernal side of t he GPRS net work
do not have deal wit h t he int ernal backbone. UDP and IP are run by GTP.

SubNet work Dependent Convergence Prot ocol (SNDCP) and Logical Link Cont rol (LLC)
combinat ion used in bet ween t he SGSN and t he MS. The SNDCP flat t ens dat a t o reduce t he load
on t he radio channel. A safe logical link by encrypt ing packet s is provided by LLC and t he same
LLC link is used as long as a mobile is under a single SGSN.

In case, t he mobile moves t o a new rout ing area t hat lies under a different SGSN; t hen, t he old
LLC link is removed and a new link is est ablished wit h t he new Serving GSN X.25. Services are
provided by running X.25 on t op of TCP/IP in t he int ernal backbone.

GPRS - Quality of Service

Qualit y of Service (QoS) requirement s of convent ional mobile packet dat a applicat ions are in
assort ed forms. The QoS is a vit al feat ure of GPRS services as t here are different QoS support
requirement s for assort ed GPRS applicat ions like realt ime mult imedia, web browsing, and e-mail
t ransfer.

GPRS allows defining QoS profiles using t he following paramet ers :

Service Precedence
Reliabilit y
Delay and

Throughput

These paramet ers are described below:

Service Precedence
The preference given t o a service when compared t o anot her service is known as Service
Precedence . This level of priorit y is classified int o t hree levels called:

high
normal
low

When t here is net work congest ion, t he packet s of low priorit y are discarded as compared t o high
or normal priorit y packet s.

Reliability
This paramet er signifies t he t ransmission charact erist ics required by an applicat ion. The reliabilit y
classes are defined which guarant ee cert ain maximum values for t he probabilit y of loss,
duplicat ion, mis-sequencing, and corrupt ion of packet s.

Delay
The delay is defined as t he end-t o-end t ransfer t ime bet ween t wo communicat ing mobile
st at ions or bet ween a mobile st at ion and t he GI int erface t o an ext ernal packet dat a net work.

This includes all delays wit hin t he GPRS net work, e.g., t he delay for request and assignment of
radio resources and t he t ransit delay in t he GPRS backbone net work. Transfer delays out side t he
GPRS net work, e.g., in ext ernal t ransit net works, are not t aken int o account .

Throughput
The t hroughput specifies t he maximum/peak bit rat e and t he mean bit rat e.

Using t hese QoS classes, QoS profiles can be negot iat ed bet ween t he mobile user and t he
net work for each session, depending on t he QoS demand and t he available resources.

The billing of t he service is t hen based on t he t ransmit t ed dat a volume, t he t ype of service, and
t he chosen QoS profile.

GPRS - MS Classes
Mobile St at ion Classes t alk about t he globally-known equipment handset which is also known as
Mobile St at ion (MS) and it s t hree different classes. This equipment , more popular as handset , is
used t o make phone calls and access dat a services. The MS comprises of Terminal Equipment
(TE) and Mobile Terminal (MT).

TE is t he equipment t hat accommodat es t he applicat ions and t he user int eract ion, while t he MT
is t he part t hat connect s t o t he net work.

In t he following example, Palm Pilot is TE and Mobile phone is MT.

In order t o t ake advant age of t he new GPRS services, we need new GPRS enabled handset s.
There are t hree different classes of GPRS t erminal equipment s:

Class A
Class A t erminals can manage bot h packet dat a and voice simult aneously. Which means, one
needs t wo t ransceivers, as t he handset has t o send or receive dat a and voice at t he same t ime.
This is t he main reason why class A t erminals are high-priced t o manufact ure t han class B and C
t erminals.

Class B
Class B t erminals do not play t he same role like Class A. These t erminals can manage eit her
packet dat a or voice at a t ime. One can use a single t ransceiver for bot h, result ing in t he low cost
of t erminals.

For example, If a user is using t he GPRS session (like WAP browsing, file t ransfer, et c.) t hen t his
session is halt ed if he or she receives a call. This t erminal does not allow bot h t he sessions act ive
in one go. This backlog needs rect ificat ion t hereby giving t he user a facilit y of bot h receiving a
call and maint aining t he dat a session.

Class C
Class C t erminals can manage eit her only packet dat a or only voice. Examples of class C t erminals
are GPRS PCM/CIA cards, embedded modules in vending machines, and so on.

Due t o t he high cost of class A handset s, most handset manufact urers have announced t hat t heir
first handset s will be class B. Current ly, work is going on in 3GPP t o st andardize a light weight
class A in order t o make handset s wit h simult aneous voice and dat a available at a reasonable
cost .

GPRS - PDP Context

PDP st ands for Packet Dat a Prot ocol. The PDP addresses are net work layer addresses (Open
St andards Int erconnect [OSI] model Layer 3). GPRS syst ems support bot h X.25 and IP net work
layer prot ocols. Therefore, PDP addresses can be X.25, IP, or bot h.

Each PDP address is anchored at a Gat eway GPRS Support Node (GGSN), as shown in figure
below. All packet dat a t raffic sent from t he public packet dat a net work for t he PDP address
goes t hrough t he gat eway (GGSN).

The public packet dat a net work is only concerned t hat t he address belongs t o a specific GGSN.
The GGSN hides t he mobilit y of t he st at ion from t he rest of t he packet dat a net work and from
comput ers connect ed t o t he public packet dat a net work.

St at ically assigned PDP addresses are usually anchored at a GGSN in t he subscriber's home
net work. Conversely, dynamically assigned PDP addresses can be anchored eit her in t he
subscriber's home net work or t he net work t hat t he user is visit ing.

When a MS is already at t ached t o a SGSN and it is about t o t ransfer dat a, it must act ivat e a PDP
address. Act ivat ing a PDP address est ablishes an associat ion bet ween t he current SGSN of
mobile device and t he GGSN t hat anchors t he PDP address.

The record kept by the SGSN and the GGSN regarding this association is called the PDP
context.
It is import ant t o underst and t he difference bet ween a MS at t aching t o a SGSN and a MS
act ivat ing a PDP address. A single MS at t aches t o only one SGSN, however, it may have mult iple
PDP addresses t hat are all act ive at t he same t ime.

Each of t he addresses may be anchored t o a different GGSN. If packet s arrive from t he public
packet dat a net work at a GGSN for a specific PDP address and t he GGSN does not have an
act ive PDP cont ext corresponding t o t hat address, it may simply discard t he packet s.
Conversely, t he GGSN may at t empt t o act ivat e a PDP cont ext wit h a MS if t he address is
st at ically assigned t o a part icular mobile device.

GPRS - Data Routing

Dat a rout ing or rout ing of dat a packet s t o and fro from a mobile user, is one of t he pivot
requisit es in t he GPRS net work. The requirement can be divided int o t wo areas:

Dat a packet rout ing

Mobilit y management .

Data Packet Routing

The import ant roles of GGSN involve synergy wit h t he ext ernal dat a net work. The GGSN updat es
t he locat ion direct ory using rout ing informat ion supplied by t he SGSNs about t he locat ion of an
MS. It rout es t he ext ernal dat a net work prot ocol packet encapsulat ed over t he GPRS backbone
t o t he SGSN current ly serving t he MS. It also decapsulat es and forwards ext ernal dat a net work
packet s t o t he appropriat e dat a net work and collect s charging dat a t hat is forwarded t o a
charging gat eway (CG).

There are t hree import ant rout ing schemes:

Mobile-originated message - This pat h begins at t he GPRS mobile device and ends at
t he host .
Network-initiated message when the MS is in its home network - This pat h begins at
t he host and ends at t he GPRS mobile device.
Network-initiated message when the MS roams to another GPRS network - This
pat h begins at t he host of visit ed net work and ends at t he GPRS mobile device.

The GPRS net work encapsulat es all dat a net work prot ocols int o it s own encapsulat ion prot ocol
called t he GPRS t unnelling prot ocol (GTP). The GTP ensures securit y in t he backbone net work
and simplifies t he rout ing mechanism and t he delivery of dat a over t he GPRS net work.
Mobility Management
The operat ion of t he GPRS is part ly independent of t he GSM net work. However, some
procedures share t he net work element s wit h current GSM funct ions t o increase efficiency and t o
make opt imum use of free GSM resources (such as unallocat ed t ime slot s).

An MS can be in any of t he following t hree st at es in t he GPRS syst em. The t hree-st at e model is
unique t o packet radio. GSM uses a t wo-st at e model eit her idle or act ive.

Active State

Dat a is t ransmit t ed bet ween an MS and t he GPRS net work only when t he MS is in t he act ive
st at e. In t he act ive st at e, t he SGSN knows t he cell locat ion of t he MS.

Packet t ransmission t o an act ive MS is init iat ed by packet paging t o not ify t he MS of an incoming
dat a packet . The dat a t ransmission proceeds immediat ely aft er packet paging t hrough t he
channel indicat ed by t he paging message. The purpose of t he paging message is t o simplify t he
process of receiving packet s. The MS list ens t o only t he paging messages inst ead of t o all t he
dat a packet s in t he downlink channels. This reduces bat t ery usage significant ly.

When an MS has a packet t o t ransmit , it must access t he uplink channel (i.e., t he channel t o t he
packet dat a net work where services reside). The uplink channel is shared by a number of MSs, and
it s use is allocat ed by a BSS. The MS request s use of t he channel in a random access message.
The BSS allocat es an unused channel t o t he MS and sends an access grant message in reply t o
t he random access message.

Standby State

In t he st andby st at e, only t he rout ing area of t he MS is known. (The rout ing area can consist of
one or more cells wit hin a GSM locat ion area).

When t he SGSN sends a packet t o an MS t hat is in t he st andby st at e, t he MS must be paged.

Because t he SGSN knows t he rout ing area of t he MS, a packet paging message is sent t o t he
rout ing area. On receiving t he packet paging message, t he MS relays it s cell locat ion t o t he SGSN
t o est ablish t he act ive st at e.

Idle State

In t he idle st at e, t he MS does not have a logical GPRS cont ext act ivat ed or any Packet -
Swit ched Public Dat a Net work (PSPDN) addresses allocat ed. In t his st at e, t he MS can receive
only t hose mult icast messages t hat can be received by any GPRS MS. Because t he GPRS
net work infrast ruct ure does not know t he locat ion of t he MS, it is not possible t o send messages
t o t he MS from ext ernal dat a net works.
Routing Updates
When an MS t hat is in an act ive or a st andby st at e moves from one rout ing area t o anot her wit hin
t he service area of one SGSN, it must perform a rout ing updat e. The rout ing area informat ion in
t he SGSN is updat ed, and t he success of t he procedure is indicat ed in t he response message.

A cell-based rout ing updat e procedure is invoked when an act ive MS ent ers a new cell. The MS
sends a short message cont aining t he ident it y of t he MS and it s new locat ion t hrough GPRS
channels t o it s current SGSN. This procedure is used only when t he MS is in t he act ive st at e.

The int er-SGSN rout ing updat e is t he most complicat ed rout ing updat e. The MS changes from
one SGSN area t o anot her, and it must est ablish a new connect ion t o a new SGSN. This means
creat ing a new logical link cont ext bet ween t he MS and t he new SGSN and informing t he GGSN
about t he new locat ion of t he MS.

GPRS - Access Modes

The GPRS access modes specify whet her or not t he GGSN request s user aut hent icat ion at t he
access point t o a Public Dat a Net work (PDN). The available opt ions are:

Transparent - No securit y aut horizat ion/aut hent icat ion is request ed by t he GGSN.

Non-transparent - In t his case, GGSN act s as a proxy for aut hent icat ing.

The GPRS t ransparent and non-t ransparent modes relat e only t o PDP t ype IPv4.

Transpatent Mode
Transparent access pert ains t o a GPRS PLMN t hat is not involved in subscriber access
aut horizat ion and aut hent icat ion. Access t o PDN-relat ed securit y procedures are t ransparent t o
GSNs.

In t ransparent access mode, t he MS is given an address belonging t o t he operat or or any ot her

addressing space of domain. The address is given eit her at subscript ion as a st at ic address or at
PDP cont ext act ivat ion, as a dynamic address. The dynamic address is allocat ed from a Dynamic
Host Configurat ion Prot ocol (DHCP) server in t he GPRS net work. Any user aut hent icat ion is done
wit hin t he GPRS net work. No RADIUS aut hent icat ion is performed; only IMSI-based
aut hent icat ion (from t he subscriber ident it y module in t he handset ) is done.

Non Transpatent Mode

Non-t ransparent access t o an int ranet /ISP means t hat t he PLMN plays a role in t he int ranet /ISP
aut hent icat ion of t he MS. Non-t ransparent access uses t he Password Aut hent icat ion Prot ocol
(PAP) or Challenge Handshake Aut hent icat ion Prot ocol (CHAP) message issued by t he mobile
t erminal and piggybacked in t he GTP PDP cont ext act ivat ion message. This message is used t o
build a RADIUS request t oward t he RADIUS server associat ed wit h t he access point name (APN).

GPRS Access Point Name

The GPRS st andards define a net work ident it y called an Access Point Name (APN). An APN
ident ifies a PDN t hat is accessible from a GGSN node in a GPRS net work. In GPRS, only t he APN
is used t o select t he t arget net work. To configure an APN, t he operat or configures t hree
element s on t he GSN node:

Access point - Defines an APN and it s associat ed access charact erist ics, including
securit y (RADIUS), dynamic address allocat ion (DHCP), and DNS services.
Access point list - Defines a logical int erface t hat is associat ed wit h t he virt ual
t emplat e.

Access group - Defines whet her access is permit t ed bet ween t he PDN and t he MS.

GPRS - Network Processes

This chapt er gives a brief descript ion of t he basic processes used in GPRS net works:

Attach process - Process by which t he MS at t aches (i.e., connect s) t o t he SGSN in a

GPRS net work.

Authentication process - Process by which t he SGSN aut hent icat es t he mobile

subscriber.
PDP activation process - Process by which a user session is est ablished bet ween t he
MS and t he dest inat ion net work.
Detach process - Process by which t he MS det aches (i.e., disconnect s) from t he SGSN
in t he GPRS net work.
Network-initiated PDP request for static IP address - Process by which a call from
t he packet dat a net work reaches t he MS using a st at ic IP address.
Network-initiated PDP request for dynamic IP address - Process by which a call from
t he packet dat a net work reaches t he MS using a dynamic IP address.

GPRS - Billing Techniques

As packet dat a is int roduced int o mobile syst ems, t he quest ion of how t o bill for t he services
arises. Always online and paying by t he minut e does not sound all t hat appealing. Here, we
describe t he possibilit ies but it t ot ally depends on different service providers, how t hey want t o
charge t heir cust omers.

The SGSN and GGSN regist er all possible aspect s of a GPRS user's behaviour and generat e billing
informat ion accordingly. This informat ion is gat hered in so-called Charging Dat a Records (CDR)
and is delivered t o a billing gat eway.

The GPRS service charging can be based on t he following paramet ers:

Volume - The amount of byt es t ransferred, i.e., downloaded and uploaded.

Duration - The durat ion of a PDP cont ext session.

Time - Dat e, t ime of day, and day of t he week (enabling lower t ariffs at offpeak hours).

Final destination - A subscriber could be charged for access t o t he specific net work,
such as t hrough a proxy server.
Location - The current locat ion of t he subscriber.

Quality of Service - Pay more for higher net work priorit y.

SMS - The SGSN will produce specific CDRs for SMS.

Served IMSI/subscriber - Different subscriber classes (different t ariffs for frequent

users, businesses, or privat e users).
Reverse charging - The receiving subscriber is not charged for t he received dat a;
inst ead, t he sending part y is charged.
Free of charge - Specified dat a t o be free of charge.

Flat rate - A fixed mont hly fee.

Bearer service - Charging based on different bearer services (for an operat or who has
several net works, such as GSM900 and GSM1800, and who want s t o promot e usage of
one of t he net works). Or, perhaps t he bearer service would be good for areas where it
would be cheaper for t he operat or t o offer services from a wireless LAN rat her t han from
t he GSM net work.

GPRS - Mobile Phones

GPRS has almost become a default or a mandat ory feat ure of t he lat est GSM phones. In case
you have plans t o buy a GPRS enabled mobile phone, t hen; GSM mobile phone should be opt ed
t han going for CDMA t echnology.

GSMArena.com is a websit e t hat has become a one-st op shop for all t he lat est GSM Mobile
Phones. The page below displays a list of lat est GSM mobile phones subscribers is a court esy of
GSM Arena. As a st aunch follower of t his sit e, I suggest you t o go t hrough all t he reviews post ed
on t he sit e, and pick t he best suit able mobile phone.
At present , numerous not ed mobile device manufact urers provide st at e–of-t he-art mobile
handset s: