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Urinalysis and Body Fluids - BOC Flashcards - Quizlet
Urinalysis and Body Fluids - BOC Flashcards - Quizlet
Urinalysis and Body Fluids - BOC Flashcards - Quizlet
5.0 (1 review)
Elsevier: Clinical Chemistry HARR CLINICAL MICROSCOPY Pharm exam 4 Injectible hyperglyce... BIOL 301 FIN
After receiving a 24-hour urine for quantitative total d. measure the total volume
protein analysis, the technician must first:
a. exposed to light
b. adjusted to a neutral pH
c. cooled to a room temperature
d. collected in a nonsterile container
A clean-catch urine is submitted to the laboratory for b. be rejected due to the time delay
routine urinalysis and culture. The routine urinalysis is
done first, and 3 hours later, the specimen is sent to the
microbiology department for culture. The specimen
should:
a. pH
b. protein
c. ketones
d. bilirubin
pH: 5.5
protein: 2+
glucose: 3+
ketones: 3+
blood: negative
bilirubin: positive
nitrite: positive
a. glucose
b. ketones
c. protein
d. nitrite
a. at room temperature
b. at 4-7C
c. frozen
d. with a preservative additive
a. occult blood
b. specific gravity
c. pH
d. protein
Failure to observe RBC casts in a urine specimen can b. centrifuging an unmixed specimen
be caused by:
a. urea
b. ammonia
c. creatinine
d. cystatin C
a. mg/dL
b. mg/24 hours
c. mL/min
d. mL/24 hours
a. diabetes mellitus
b. nephropathy
c. hypertension
d. nephrotic syndrome
A patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus will most a. pale urine with a high specific gravity
likely have:
a. phenylpyruvic acid
b. acetone
c. coliform bacilli
d. porphyrin
a. are diabetic
b. have hepatitis
c. have an infection with Proteus sp.
d. have a yeast infection
a. melanin
b. porphyrins
c. bilirubin
d. urobilinogen
a. myoglobin
b. sulfhemoglobin
c. methemoglobin
d. red blood cells
a. glucose
b. porphyrins
c. urochrome
d. creatinine
The clarity of a urine sample should be determined: b. following thorough mixing of the specimen
Milky urine form a 24-year-old woman would most b. many white blood cells
likely contain:
a. spermatozoa
b. many white blood cells
c. red blood cells
d. bilirubin
a. bile pigment
b. porphyrins
c. melanin
d. blood cells
a. urochrome pigment
b. methemoglobin
c. bilirubin
d. homogenistic acid
a. bilirubin
b. excess urobilin
c. myoglobin
d. homogenistic acid
a. fat
b. white blood cells
c. urates
d. phosphates
a. phenylketonuria
b. alkaptonuria
c. maple syrup disese
d. aminoaciduria
a. pH
b. filtration
c. specific gravity
d. volume
Urine specific gravity is an index of the ability of the b. concentrate the urine
kidney to:
a. osmolality
b. ketones
c. refractive index
d. pH
To prepare a solution appropriate for quality control of c. sodium chloride with a specific gravity of 1.022
the refractometer, a technician should use:
a. turbidity
b. dissolved solids
c. salt content
d. sugar content
a. 1.001
b. 1.010
c. 1.020
d. 1.030
a. protein
b. glucose
c. sodium chloride
d. urea
a. reagent strip
b. refractometer
c. urinometer
d. densitometer
Which of the following urinary parameters are b. osmolality and specific gravity
measured during the course of concentration and
dilution tests to assess renal tubular function?
Refractive index is a comparison of: b. light velocity in air to light velocity in solutions
Which of the following can give a false-negative urine d. very dilute urine
protein reading?
a. decreases
b. increases
c. remains the same
d. changes depending on bacterial concentration
a. refrigerator (4-7C)
b. incubator (37C)
c. cool dry area
d. open jar exposed to air
The principle of the reagent strip test for urine protein b. protein error of indicators
depends on:
a. an enzyme reaction
b. protein error of indicators
c. copper reduction
d. the toluidine reaction
a. albumin
b. mucoprotein
c. Bence Jones protein
d. globulin
a. glucose
b. galactose
c. bilirubin
d. ketones
a. sodium nitroprusside
b. acetoacetic acid
c. acetone
d. beta-hydroxybutyric acid
A test area of a urine reagent strip is impregnated with a. acetoacetic (diacetic) acid
only sodium nitroprusside. This section will react with:
a. bilirubin
b. hemoglobin
c. ketones
d. urobilinogen
Which of the following factors will not interfere with the c. nitrite
reagent strip test for leukocytes?
a. ascorbic acid
b. formaldehyde
c. nitrite
d. urinary protein level of 500 mg/dL
Excess urine on the reagent strip can turn a normal pH b. citrate buffer
result into a falsely acidic pH when which of the
following reagents runs into the pH pad?
a. tetrabromphenol blue
b. citrate buffer
c. glucose oxidase
d. alkaline copper sulfate
When employing the urine reagent strip method, a d. highly alkaline urine
false-positive protein result may occur in the presence
of:
a. protein
b. ketones
c. glucose
d. blood
a. vomiting
b. anemia
c. hypoglycemia
d. biliary tract obstruction
a. hemolytic disease
b. biliary obstruction
c. hepatic disease
d. urinary tract infection
a. vitamin C
b. a diuretic
c. high blood pressure medicine
d. antibiotics
a. a diazo reaction
b. the protein error of indicators
c. a dye-binding reaction
d. the release of hydrogen ions to an indicator
The reason that an albumin:creatinine ratio can be run a. creatinine corrects for over or under body hydration
on a random specimen is:
a. pyridium
b. hemoglobin
c. porphyrins
d. myoglobin
a. 1:4
b. 1:5
c. 1:6
d. 1:8
When performing a routine urinalysis, the technologist b. confirm with the acid precipitation test
notes a 2+ protein result. He should:
The confirmatory test for a positive protein result by the c. sulfosalicylic acid
reagent strip method uses:
a. Ehrlich reagent
b. a diazo reaction
c. sulfosalicylic acid
d. a copper reduction tablet
a. galactose is present
b. glucose is present
c. lactose is not present
d. sucrose is not present
a. maltose
b. galactose
c. glucose
d. lactose
a. glucose
b. galactose
c. bilirubin
d. ketones
When using the sulfosalicylic acid test, false-positive d. radiographic contrast media
protein results may occur in the presence of:
a. ketones
b. alkali
c. glucose
d. radiographic contrast media
a. sodium carbonate
b. copper sulfate
c. glucose oxidase
d. polymerized diazonium salt
a. 10x
b. 40x
c. 50x
d. 100x
The advantage to using phase microscopy in urinalysis b. enhance constituents with a low refractive index
is to:
a. chyluria
b. hematuria
c. leukocytosis
d. pyuria
Oval fat bodies are: b. renal tubular epithelial cells that contain lipids
Glitter cells are a microscopic finding of: d. white blood cells in hypotonic urine
a. white
b. transitional
c. squamous
d. glitter
a. hematuria
b. hemoglobinuria
c. oliguria
d. hemosiderinuria
Ghost red blood cells are seen in urine that is: b. alkaline and dilute
a. acidic
b. dilute
c. alkaline
d. concentrated
a. acute glomerulonephritis
b. cystitis
c. renal lithiasis
d. acute interstitial nephritis
(PICTURE) d. cystitis
a. glomerulonephritis
b. pyelonephritis
c. nephrotic syndrome
d. cystitis
(PICTURE) a. RBC
a. RBC
b. WBC
c. epithelial cell
d. yeast
a. albumin
b. globulin
c. immunoglobulins G and M
d. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein
a. hyaline
b. red blood cell
c. waxy
d. white blood cell
a. hemoglobin
b. granular
c. cellular
d. waxy
A technologist performed a STAT microscopic urinalysis c. casts dissolved due to increase in urine pH
and reported the following:
WBC: 10-13
RBC: 2-6
hyaline casts: 5-7
bacteria: 1+
Which of the following aids in differentiating a spherical b. eccentrically-placed nucleus in the renal tubular cell
transitional cell from a round renal tubular cell?
a. WBCs
b. bacteria
c. RBCs
d. WBC casts
a. glomerulonephritis
b. nephrotic syndrome
c. tubular necrosis
d. pyelonephritis
a. excessive bruising
b. strenuous exercise
c. excess power drink ingestion
d. bone fracture
a. hyaline
b. granular
c. waxy
d. fatty
To distinguish between a clump of WBCs and a WBC d. the presence of a cast matrix
cast, it is important to observe:
Spherical urothelial cells may be confused with: b. renal tubular epithelial cells
a. free-floating RBCs
b. hyaline casts
c. granular casts
d. increased white blood cells
In a specimen with a large amount of bilirubin, which of d. renal tubular epithelial cell casts
the following sediment constituents would be most
noticeably bile-stained?
a. glomerulonephritis
b. pyelonephritis
c. nephrotic syndrome
d. cystitis
a. amorphous urates
b. WBCs
c. amorphous phosphates
d. bacteria
a. cystine
b. tyrosine
c. leucine
d. cholesterol
a. calcium
b. uric acid
c. leucine
d. cystine
a. urates
b. phosphates
c. WBCs
d. bacteria
a. calcium oxalate
b. calcium carbonate
c. calcium phosphate
d. amorphous phosphate
a. calcium carbonate
b. calcium oxalate
c. calcium phosphate
d. triple phosphate
a. cholesterol
b. triglycerides
c. fatty acids
d. neutral fats
a. cholesterol
b. leucine
c. hemosiderin
d. tyrosine
a. ammonium biurate
b. cystine
c. tyrosine
d. uric acid
a. 3+ glucose
b. 4+ protein
c. WBC casts
d. triple phosphate crystals
The finding of a large amount of uric acid crystals in a b. could indicate Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
urine specimen from a 6-month-old boy:
a. uric acid
b. calcium phosphate
c. calcium carbonate
d. triple phosphate acid
Polarized light can often be used to differentiate a. fibers and mucus clumps
between:
a. starch
b. oil droplets
c. air bubbles
d. pollen grains
(PICTURE) b. powder
a. a UTI
b. powder
c. carbohydrate deficiency
d. high urine amylase
a. cloth fiber
b. hyaline cast
c. granular cast
d. waxy cast
A urine specimen is tested and has the following results: a. diabetes mellitus
Reagent strip:
glucose: 3+
protein: 1+
Microscopic findings:
>100 WBCs/hpf
many yeast cells
a. protein
b. pH
c. specific gravity
d. nitrite
a. nitrite is positive
b. protein is positive
c. specimen is cloudy
d. leukocytes is positive
a. spermatozoa
b. Trichomonas vaginalis
c. Gardnerella vaginalis
d. Enterobius vermicularis
a. nitrite
b. protein
c. glucose
d. blood
Urinalysis and Body Fluids - BOC
(PICTURE) d. nitrate
a. ketone
b. glucose
c. specific gravity
d. nitrate
a. renal glycosuria
b. diabetes insipidus
c. diabetes mellitus
d. alkaline tide
A 59-year-old man is evaluated for back pain. Urine b. urine protein is falsely negative because the method is not sensitive for Bence Jones
studies (urinalysis by multiple reagent strip) include: protein
Urinalysis:
specific gravity: 1.017
pH: 6.5
protein, glucose and blood: negative
Microscopic findings:
rare epithelial cells
Microscopic findings:
uric acid crystals
The following urinalysis results were obtained from an c. glucose and possibly other reducing substances/sugars are present
18-year-old woman in labor:
pH: 6.5
protein: 30 mg/dL
glucose: 250 mg/dL
ketones blood and nitrite: negative
bilirubin: small (color slightly abnormal)
urobilinogen: 0.1 EU/dL
specific gravity: 1.025
copper reduction test: 1.0 g/dL
pH: 7.0
color: yellow
appearance: cloudy
protein: 1+
glucose: negative
blood: small
specific gravity: 1.015
Microscopic findings:
bacteria: many
WBC casts: 0-3/lpf
WBC/hpf: 30-40
Microscopic findings:
WBC/hpf: 10-15
RBC/hpf: 30-55
casts/lpf: hyaline, 5-7; RBC, 2-5; granular, 2-3
uric acid crystals: moderate
a. nephrotic syndrome
b. viral infection
c. acute pyelonephritis
d. acute glomerulonephritis
Report A:
specific gravity: 1.004
pH: 5.5
protein: negative
glucose: negative
blood: negative
microscopy: rare epithelial cells
Report B:
specific gravity: 1.017
pH: 7.0
protein: 1+
glucose: negative
blood: small
microscopy: 1-2 granular cast/lpf
2-3 hyaline cast/lpf
moderate epithelial cells
a. cystitis
b. pyelonephritis
c. acute interstitial nephritis
d. acute glomerulonephritis
color: yellow
clarity: cloudy
specific gravity: 1.020
pH: 7.0
protein: trace
glucose, ketones, blood, bilirubin: negative
urobilinogen: 0.2 mg/dL
nitrite: positive
leukocytes: negative
Microscopic findings:
squamous epithelial cells: moderate
WBC/hpf: 0-2
bacteria: heavy
color: red
clarity: cloudy
specific gravity: 1.011
pH: 6.0
protein: 3+
glucose, ketones, bilirubin, nitrite: negative
blood: large
urobilinogen: 1.0 mg/dL
leukocytes: trace
Microscopic findings:
WBC/hpf: 5-10
RBC/hpf: 40-50
casts/lpf: hyaline, 2-4; RBC, 3-5
a. cystine crystals
b. Trichomonas vaginalis
c. Candida albicans
d. throny apple crystals
A patient with severe back pain has the following a. specific gravity
urinalysis results:
Microscopic findings:
RBC/hpf: 10-20
squamous epithelial cells: moderate
calcium oxalate crystals: moderate
The normal renal threshold for glucose in the adult is c. 160 mg/dL
approximately:
a. 50 mg/dL
b. 100 mg/dL
c. 160 mg/dL
d. 300 mg/dL
a. anuria
b. oliguria
c. polyuria
d. dysuria
a. renal glucosuria
b. diabetes mellitus
c. emotional stress
d. eating a heavy meal
Urinalysis and Body Fluids - BOC
The normal glomerular filtration rate is: b. 120 mL/min
a. 1 mL/min
b. 120 mL/min
c. 660 mL/min
d. 1200 mL/min
Normal urine primarily consists of: c. water, urea and sodium chloride
An abdominal fluid is submitted from surgery. The c. test for urea and creatinine
physician wants to determine if this fluid could be urine.
The technologist should:
a. perform a culture
b. smell the fluid
c. test for urea and creatinine
d. test for protein, glucose and pH
a. water
b. glucose
c. potassium
d. calcium
Which of the following components are present in d. large molecular weight proteins
serum but not present in the glomerular filtrate?
a. glucose
b. amino acids
c. urea
d. large molecular weight proteins
a. acute glomerulonephritis
b. diabetes mellitus
c. hepatitis
d. tubular damage
a. azotemia
b. dysuria
c. diuresis
d. anuria
a. fructose
b. galactose
c. glucose
d. lactose
Urinalysis and Body Fluids - BOC
Ketones in urine are due to: b. incomplete fat metabolism
a. acetone
b. acetoacetic acid
c. cholesterol
d. beta-hydroxybutyric acid
a. strenuous exercise
b. increased destruction of platelets
c. viral hepatitis
d. hemolytic anemia
a. hemolytic anemia
b. lower urinary tract infection
c. myocardial infarction
d. paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
a. low pH
b. high pH
c. neutral pH
d. variable pH
a. hypoglycemia
b. increased renal threshold
c. renal tubular dysfunction
d. increased glomerular filtration rate
The area of the nephron that is impermeable to water is c. ascending loop of Henle
the:
a. renal pelvis
b. cortical nephrons
c. renal papillae
d. juxtamedullary nephrons
a. osmolarity
b. glomerular filtration rate
c. specific gravity
d. tubular reabsorption rate
To avoid falsely elevated spinal fluid cell counts: d. select an aliquot from the last tube collected
a. <1%
b. 5-10%
c. 25-30%
d. 50-60%
To prepare the reagent used for mucin clot d. glacial acetic acid
determination of synovial fluid, water is mixed with:
a. hydrochloric acid
b. sodium hydroxide
c. trichloroacetic acid
d. glacial acetic acid
The following lab values were obtained on a body fluid b. synovial fluid
sample:
protein: 3 g/dL
albumin: 2.1 g/dL
hyaluronate: 0.4 g/dL
glucose: 80 mg/dL
lactate: 10 mg/dL
A physician attempts to aspirate a knee joint and a. the fluid is synovial fluid
obtains 0.1 mL of slightly bloody fluid. Addition of acetic
acid results in turbidity and a clot. This indicates that:
a. 5,000
b. 50,000
c. 500,000
d. 5,000,000
a. hyaluronate
b. albumin
c. orosomucoid
d. pepsin
The synovial fluid easily forms small drops from the c. associated with inflammation
aspirating syringe. This viscosity is:
a. normal
b. increased
c. associated with inflammation
d. associated with hypothyroidism
Pleural transudates differe from pleural exudates in that d. relatively low cell counts
transudates have:
Pleural fluid from a patient with congestive heart failure d. appear clear and pale yellow
would be expected to:
a. contain bacteria
b. have a high protein content
c. be purulent
d. appear clear and pale yellow
a. ascorbic acid
b. horseradish
c. acetaminophen
d. blueberries
The chromogen for the fecal occult blood test is: a. gum guaiac
a. gum guaiac
b. NADH
c. o-toluidine
d. p-aminocinnamaldehyde
a. an effusion
b. a transudate
c. an exudate
d. metastasis
a. thoracentesis
b. lumbar puncture
c. amniocentesis
d. paracentesis
Amniotic fluid is tested for the concentration of lamellar a. fetal lung maturity (FLM)
bodies. This test determines:
Amniocentesis should be performed to: b. to confirm a high maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
a. multiple sclerosis
b. muscular dystrophy
c. respiratory distress syndrome
d. cystic fibrosis
a. delta-F508
b. trisomy 21
c. Philadelphia chromosome
d. fragile X
a. spina bifida
b. hydrocephalus
c. Reye syndrome
d. multiple sclerosis
a. transferrin
b. prealbumin
c. albumin
d. fibrinogen
A CSF was collected from a 5-year-old with a fever, and d. traumatic tap
3 tubes were transported to the lab. Tube 1 had 50,000
RBC/mL and 48 WBC/mL. Tube 3 had 10 RBC/mL and 0
WBC/mL. What is the most likely explanation for the
discrepancy?
A CSF was hazy and the WBC was too high to perform b. 11
undilute. The technologist took 50 mL of sample and
added 500 mL of saline. The cell count on the diluted
sample was 200 WBC per mL. This should be multiplied
by:
a. 10
b. 11
c. 1/10
d. 1/11
a. bacterial infection
b. viral infection
c. previous hemorrhage
d. Urinalysis
traumatic tap and Body Fluids - BOC
Which CSF results are most consistent with bacterial A. sample A
meningitis?
A. sample A
B. sample B
C. sample C
D. sample D
a. glutamine
b. ammonia
c. ALT
d. bilirubin
a. CSF
b. sweat
c. amniotic fluid
d. semen
a. PSA
b. alkaline phosphatase
c. fructose
d. hyaluronic acid
a. eosin nigrosin
b. Wright
c. toluidine blue
d. Papanicolaou
a. 3 x 3 x 0.1 mm
b. 1 x 1 x 10 mm
c. 3 x 10 x 1 mm
d. 1 x 1 x 0.3 mm
a. 1.0
b. 2.0
c. 3.0
d. 4.0
a. inducing sweat
b. separating proteins in CSF
c. measuring ions in sweat
d. measuring pilocarpine in CSF
a. coulometric Cl measurement
b. Cl selective electrodes
c. sweat conductivity
d. pilocarpine iontophoresis
Which pair does not match with respect to amniotic c. dark green - hemolytic
fluid?
a. colorless - normal
b. dark red-brown - fetal death
c. dark green - hemolytic disease of the newborn
d. blood-streaked - traumatic tap
Amniotic fluid is evaluated using a Liley graph and a. bilirubin, which increases in HDN
change in absorbance at 450nm. What is being
evaluated, and why?
a. Amniostat
b. L/S
c. lamellar bodies
d. fluorescence polarization assay
Triglycerides (chyle) can be identified in body fluids by b. stain with Sudan III
their ability to:
a. polarize light
b. stain with Sudan III
c. sediment upon standing
d. glitter
a. CEA
b. CA 125
c. ANA
d. CYFRA 21-1
a. bacterial meningitis
b. Reye encephalopathy
c. spina bifida
d. multiple sclerosis
a. meningitis
b. hemorrhage
c. multiple sclerosis
d. CSF leakage
a. IgG index
b. CSF/serum albumin index
c. fluid/serum LD ratio
d. albumin gradient