lotal Comunication (MU Som Fiber Optio Components

5.7.1
7-ENTC)
Classification of Cables 5.8 Flber Connectors
La.. 872 Explain
Ans. :
classitioaton of fber optBo cables. LQ. 6.8.1 Write ahort note on Fiber
Connectors,

Dkending on the materia used; iter optie Ans. :

classified as tollows :
() GlaSs Fiber Opie
Cable
(ü) Plastie Fiber Optic Cable
join the optical sourcCs as
ables are The connectors are uscd to
well as dletcctors to the optical fiber.
the two optical
(GOC) Similarlythe conncctors ae used to join
fibers.

() Plastie Clad Silica Fiber

(POC) The main criteria about the
conncctors is that the
order to
Optie Cable (PCSFOC). conncctors should be aligned properly in
() Glass Fiber (Optic Cable reduce the losses.
(GFOC) join the two
The separable eonnectors are used to taken that the
ln this case, both the cor and
cladding layers are made optical fibers. Here the care should be
two fiber optic ends should not be joined.
trom glass material.
And the vibrations that may be taking place in one
It posses lowest attenuation compared to other cables. optical fiber should not be transferred to thc another
optical fiber.
Using dopent nmaterials: the retractive index can be
varied, during the manufacturing process. A 5.8.1 Requirements of Good
Ge and P increases the refractive index while Boron Connector
and Fluorine (B and F) decreases the refractive index.
UQ. 5.8.2 Enlist the desirable requirements of a good
(ii)) Plastic Fiber OpticCable (PFOC) fiber connector, MU Dec. 11, Dec. 13.
May 14, Dec. 14, 5 Marks
As the name indicates, both core and cladding layers
UQ. 5.8.3 What are the desirable requirements of a
are made from the plastic material. good fiber optic connector ?
The core is made from PolyMethyl Methacrylate MU.- May 13, 5 Marks

(PMMA) material and coating is made from VAns. :

uropolymer material. While connecting two fiber optic cables or while
connecting components to the fiber optic cabie; the
s types of cable is rugged in nature, but it has more connectors should satisfy the following requirements:
enuation. 1. The connectors should have low coupling loss.
2. The design of connector should be such that the
Plastic Clad Silica Fiber Optic Cable (PCSFOC) repeated connection and, disconnection is possible
without affecting the fiber alignment.
It consists of glass core and plastic cladding. For The denountable connector must provide reproducible
3.
cladding silicone elastomner material is used. accurate alignment of the fiber.
which is
The attenuation of this cable is moderate, 4. The connectorS should not get affected by
environmental factors.
between GFOC and PFOC.
5. The design of connector should provide ease of
connection of cable to
Due to the plastic cladding, the connection.
the bonding
the connectors becomes difficult as well as 6. The connectors must protect the fiber ends, while
is difficult.
making the connectors. It should not damage the fiber
ends.

7. Connectors should provide the strength to the joint.

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 Optical Communication (MU-Sem 7-E&TC) 5-8
Fiber Optic Components
A 5.8.2 Types of Connectors Here the radial alignment of two parts to be connecoa
is not critical as compared to other connectors.
case.
LQ. 5.8.4 Explain the types of connectors. But an angular alignment is difficult in this
as follows -
Some other types of connectors are
Ans. :
The two major types of connectors are 1. Subminiature type-A (SMA) connector
1. Ferrule type connectors This type of connector has a soreW on connector
2 mechanism.
Lensed type connectors
It is preferred in data communication and
1. Ferrule type connectors instrumentation connections.
limited
The schematic is as shown in Fig. 5.8.1. It is very common type of connector, but it has
uses in new systemns due to its difficulty in pairing.
Here the uncoated fibers are placed in the ferrule.
2. FC(Fiber Connector) Connectors
They are fixed by using an adhesive material.
It is basically push on-off type metallic connector
Then the two ferrules are brought in contact under the having a provision of locking tab.
cylindrical sleeve as shown in Fig. 5.8.1. It contains ceramic ferrule.
Such connectors are especially used for single mode
Cylindrical sleeve
fibers.
These connectors provide extremely precise position
Coated for the connection of source and detector.

3 Subscriber Channel (SC) connector

These are general purpose connectors and provides

Ferrule Uncoated fiber accurate alignment through their ceramic ferrules.
Fig. 5.8.1 : Ferrule type connector These connectors have push-pull type locking system.
Insertion loss of such connectors is about 0.25 dB.
UQ. 5.8.5 What are the lensing schemes for coupling
improvements. MU- May 13, 5 Marks They are suitable for single mode or multimode fibers
and it is widely used for LAN.
V Ans. :
4. Straight Tip (ST) connector
2. Lensed type connectors
These connectors are push in, twisted type metall1c
The schematic is as shown in Fig. 5.8.2. connectors.
This uses the two lenses namely collimator lens and
They are constructed havinga single metal housing and
refocusing lens. can be easily connected and removed from
the fiber
optic cable.
They are mostly used in networking devices as well as
Optical Optical in data communication.
fiber fiber
Collimator nat Refocussing part
part
5. Little Connector or Local
Fig. 5.8.2: Lensed type connectors Connector (LC)
It contains plastic housing and a
By adjusting the two lens the optic signal from one
ceramic ferrule.
These connectors provide precise
optical fiber is connected to the other optical fiber. mode and alignment for singe
multimode fibers.
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 Optical
They
Communication (MU-Sem 7-E&TC)
are 5-9
Fiber Optic Components

connections.
basically used for high
density. inter a 5.9 Splices
These connectors are also
instruments to optical cable.used for connecting different UQ. 5.9.1 Write note on splicing
techniques.
MU- May 11, 10 Marks
6. Jack or Media Explain with neat sketches
fiber splicing
(MT - RJ) Termination- Recommended Jack UQ. 5.9.2
techniques.
connectors MU Dec. 11, Dec. 13,
May 14, 5 Marks
These are push on, pull off type What are splices ? Explain
different types of
multimode connections. suitable for duplex UQ. 5.9.3
splices.
MU- Dec. 12, 10 Marks
individual
These connectors are having plastic UQ. 5.9.4 Describe two methods of splicing
guide pins and plastic ferrules. housing, metal fibers together.
Marks
MU- May 13, Dec. 14, 5
They can connect almost 72 fibers, so these
are suitable for high density local area connector V Ans. :
networks. two fiber optic
The different connectors are shown in Fig. 5.8.3. The splices are used to connect the
cables permanently. The basic requirements of splices
are:

(i) Splices should cause the minimum power loss.

FC Connector LC Connector MT.RJ Connector
(i) They should be easy to install.
(ii) They should cause a low attenuation.
(iv) They should be strong and having light weight.
The two major types of splicing technique are :
SCConnector SC Duplex ST Connector (i) Fusionsplicing (iü) Mechanical splicing.
Fig. 5.8.3

a 5.9.1 Fusion Splicing

LQ.5.9.5 Describe fusion splicing.

Ans. : This technique is as shown in Fig.5.9.1.
Electrical wiring

Electrical wiring

Optical fitber

Optical fiber
Fusing
electrodes

Tooling fixture

Fig. 5.9.1 : Fused splice technique

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