“The way in which people pronounce when they speak.

Since
everybody pronounces when they speak - everyone has
phonetics and phonology - everybody speaks with an accent”
(Trudgill, 2003, p.2 ).
“The name used by American sociolinguists to refer to the dialect
of English spoken, with relatively little regional variation, by lower-
class anglophone (i.e. not Louisiana French Creole-speaking)
Mrican Americans in the United States” (Trudgill, 2003, p.5).
“The process whereby speakers indulge in codeswitching
between languages of such rapidity and density, even within
sentences and phrases, that it is not really possible to say at any
given time which language they are speaking” (Trudgill, 2003,
p.23 ).
“The process whereby bilingual or bidialectal speakers switch
back and forth between one language or dialect and another
within the same conversation. This linguistic behaviour is very
common in multilingual situations” (Trudgill, 2003, p.23 ).
“As used in sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology and related
areas, `culture' refers to a set of everyday practices and
associated beliefs, ideas and values that characterise a particular
community or group, contribute to that community's sense of
identity and need to be learnt by younger or newer community
members” (Swann et al., 2004, p. 68).
“An approach within linguistics that aims to describe objectively
the rules of a language as they are actually used by its speakers,
irrespective of beliefs about what constitutes good or bad usage”
(Swann et al., 2004, p. 73).
“An approach to the study of language that focuses on its
development through time, sometimes termed diachronic
linguistics” (Swann et al., 2004, p. 76).
“A variety of language which differs grammatically, phonologically
and lexically from other varieties, and which is associated with a
particular geographical area and/or with a particular social class
or status group” (Trudgill, 2003, p.35).
“A variety or lect which is specific to or particularly associated
with either male or female speakers. This term is in most usages
misleading, in that it suggests that there may be communities
where male and female speakers use radically different varieties”
(Trudgill, 2003, p.54).
“The linguistic system (pronunciation, lexicon, grammar,
pragmatics) used by an individual speaker. Social and regional
dialects can be understood as clusters of similar (but not
identical) idiolects, and their linguistic description is an
abstraction from the variable speech habits of individuals”
(Swann et al., 2004, p. 141).
“An area of applied linguistics. Language planning refers to
deliberate and future-oriented activities aimed at influencing or
modifying the language behaviour of a speech community or
society” (Swann et al., 2004, p. 173).
“A linguistic unit, sometimes known as a sociolinguistic variable,
initially developed by Labov in connection with his work in secular
linguistics and variation theory, in order to be able to handle
linguistic variation. Variables may be lexical and grammatical, but
are most often phonological” (Trudgill, 2003, p.82).
“A doctrine that holds certain features of a language to be
incorrect and in need of replacement by other forms deemed
correct on the grounds of logic, existence in classical or older
forms of a language or use by `good' writers” (Swann et al., 2004,
p. 249).
“A variety or lect which is thought of as being related to its
speakers' social background rather than geographical
background. A social class dialect is thus a form of sociolect”
(Trudgill, 2003, p.122).
“A speech community comprises people who are in habitual
contact with each other by means of language - either by a
common language or by shared ways of interpreting linguistic
behaviour where different languages are in use in an area”
(Swann et al., 2004, p. 293).
“The process by which a particular variety of a language is
subject to language determination, codification and stabilisation.
These processes, which lead to the development of a standard
language, may be the result of deliberate language planning
activities” (Trudgill, 2003, p.128).
“An approach to the study of a language that focuses on it as a
system at a given moment of time” (Swann et al., 2004, p. 306).
“Refers to relatively homogeneous and well-defined non-standard
varieties which are used regularly by particular geographical,
ethnic or social groups and which exist in opposition to a
dominant (not necessarily related) standard variety” (Swann et
al., 2004, p. 327).
Swann, J., Deumert, A., Lillis, T., & Mesthrie, R. (2004). A
dictionary of Sociolinguistics. Edinburgh University Press.
https://www.damanhour.edu.eg/pdf/738/A%20Dictionary%
20of%20Sociolinguistics.pdf

Trudgill, P. (2003). A glossary of Sociolinguistics. Edinburgh

University Press. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-bb5K-
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