CHUONG 2 VAN MINH AN 8G cd - TRUNG BAI~Bao gim cd ~ Bin dao i Nam A, hi citing ig Sing ln thun li cho sxNN + Indus (sing An) * Gange (sing Hang) - sing thiéng = Mign Nam lam ritng ni, c6 sa mac, cé dai dong bang + Cao nguyén Deccan ai 8p ving ha Luu thanh 2 dai hep chay dai theo bi bién pB va pT = Curdan cola gut Dravidian da nu den cu tri mién Nam ~ Nguiti Aryan da trang cu tri ¢ mign Bac va mien Trung ~ Nguisi Hy! Lap, Hung N6, A Rép.. Ba dang ve tic Tl va ngon ngit ~ Xudt hin sém va chiém v ti nén ting ~ Qué hong dau tién cia cay Ua, bing, x08. AND = TNKIITCN, dling cudo va icky bang da, trau bo kéo ~ TNKITCN, ding ludi cay sat voi 3 - 6 dai bb kéo ~ Coi trong Lam thiy loi AN - Vai tro quan trong ~ Nudi nhieu gia sic, gia cam, dac biét la bd va nguaFin - Sém phat trién - Nai tiéng va quan trong nhat: nghé dét, ché tao do trang sifc @) - Phat trién tir sém, quan hé buén ban véi phuong Tay, Tay A, Trung A, NA, Trung us, Nhat Ban... AND = Hang xuat khdu: Véi, lua, dé trang si, nga voi, ngoc trai, hung liéu, gia vi. ~ Hang nhap khau: Rugu, kim loai quy, kim loai mau, ngya chién # & © a Lich si hinh thanh Wa warren TK a __1_1_1_1_1>- Sing/n | Que gia Magadha |Vuongtriéu Morya | Y“%" 4 SUP2. I vang rigu Hacsan ~ Warappa v8) -Ha using Hang |]-ThiitriviAsoka | ~ An 88 phat trién Mohenjo Dero @a||-Thii ky cla Phat ||*Cycthinh needa ota {[>_Sanh ting vuet ra ‘Séng Hang Jat du tigp xde||+ Thdngnhdt An 86 + BE quéc Gupta ee bén ngodi = Nguiti Aryan|| gui iran va nguti||+ Tin do Phat gido tin = Nha su Huyén Trang xémnhap Hy Lap * Phat gido phat trim Tha oh ny ||-Hacsan mat Thi Veda manh seat aon uf * Bétnuci chi et ~ Xudt ign 2 vén = Asoka mét, vsong + Bjngoa te xémnhgp dé quan trong trigu suy sup, dat A + Phat gido suy sup ruc bi chia cat + Bilaménphuc hung TNKMITCN——TNKLTEN 21106 wn Ten 00 oe TKITON 600 TCH x0 606Lich si hinh thanh AND pm pm Sy xém nhap thye dan phugng Tay - Set ue |(MBhongs_ | oanonccaegrarayan # ~ Wang triu phong kién || - 1947, theo phuong én Maobatton ~ Chinh sach caitri tan bao (Niu lén bi ngubi Méng C3 téncing cui cing + AnB6 ( An 85 gio) + Pakistan (Hai gido) = 1950, 84ng Oude Bei du tranh va thanh lép ruse Cénghéa An 88 a6 1826 Th a9 1857 ar 1950 xih sé CUA TON Gio, UE HUONG CUA TON Gido +Noi sdn sinh nhiéu tan gido +Noi chung sdng ciia hau hét tn gido Ldn trén 76 +La dat nutéc sling dao + Anh huéng lén dén di séng xa hoi ido ciing la hoc thuyét triét hoc 4 - Tén gido (én; Balamon - Hindu gido, Phat gido, dao Sikh, dao Jaina 7ANDO Hindu gigo BALAMON - HINDU GIAO - Ba giai doan lon + Veda + Balamén + Hindu - Ton gido cé xa nhat, lin nhat (80% tin do ¢ hau khap cac bang) - Khéng cé nguifi sang lap, khing gido chi, gido dieu - Tong hop cdc hé thong tén gido - tin ngu@ng - triét hoc - Kinh dién: Kinh Veda gom 4 bd: Rigveda, SamaVeda, YajurVeda, AtharvaVeda ‘trong tat ca moi thit va hoa ‘than @ ba vj than Brahman {Sang tao) - Vishnu (Bao ton) ~ Shiva (Hiy digt va tai tao) ‘Atman cing chinh la Brahman va nguge lai 7Hé GIOI Quan Atman (Tiéu nga) La cai ban nga ca tha, dc this trong tit con nguifi ta mét manh cia Brahman, tan tai mat cach cu thé va don nhat(Py - Thuiing xuat hign trong nhieu héa than khae nhau, gidp con J nguii chong lai ma quy = Géi trén dau la ran nghin dau Naga, vo ngdi bén canh bop chan ~~ Nuc da mau xanh duvong = h tay cam 4 than vat: quyén trafang (tri thitc), ti va (suf sing), - éa sen (mit tri), banh xe Sudarshana Chakra - Vat cut chim than Garuda~ Bigu tung phan thuc va sinh si cho ca am va dung - inh trang lui tiem ~ Mat thit ba é trén tran Ran ho mang quan quanh ca Tay cam mat ci dinh ba va mat cai tron \- Thuromg cui bi hoe ngai trén tam da ha- Do than Brahma tao ra ~ Con bb ming de, ling tring - Vit cufii than Shiva - truyén j nghicia than ~ Bifa linh hén ngufof mat qua sing ~ Bao vé, gi gin va dan diving linh han lén thién dung@®) Karma (Nghiép) Samsara (Luan hai) Dharma (Phap) AND Hanh vi cla con nguii Rat khé nhiing cé thé khi cin séng trénh khdi lun hoi Nguyén nhan dan dén suv . nnghiép bao bang cach hd va tai sinh Cai chét cia con gui gang site Quyét dink hinh hai, | a su chuyén hda sang| 82 gidi thodt can hanh trang thdicia hau thé _| kiép song tri Php (Dharma) avd ng tong hap ny a, Song an phan, hanh vi v6 luong hp tre) mi c6 sve") HAN SINK QUAN | in ding véi vi tri dang cdp Cacvat Paria @) Ché dé Varna ANB Tan giéo = Chi cé be ing cdp trén mii use cing than va doc kn Vede, déu dee quan niém la ngui sinh ai kan = Chihai dang cp trén duge tré thanh tin do Bang cép thif tu’ la nguit sinh mét lan n két hap véi nguti cing ding ep wat - Néa eungpham tanhu‘nhau thi dng cp trénxét x nhe ti hom Mite bai thing cho nan nh nhieu hay tty vao dng cp phan sé dvge cha truyén con néi Ché ai Varna HOP THDt HOA vie bt inh ding nhn dan thn inh, tin ti Lu di trong ich sit An 6, tao vét ran nit sau sac trong x@ hdi An 6 cé trung dai Da tréng, ting lt, chdtr té 8 Brahmin x Brahmin | “Ksatrya Voie Sura PariaSidharta Gotama Tat Dat Da C6 Dam (624 - 544 TCN) a ae NUE! SANG LAP THE GIG ouyén NHAN. oll PariaTHE GIG QUAN Chin ij v8 sy chm dit cde nd kd NHAN SINH QUAN Ez Chan ly vé con duimg digt khgidc ngé va giai thoatANDO - Chinh kién r ality Chinn trduy ms Chinh ng — © chinh nghiép oe Khai sang tri tué @ Chinh ménh Tiga Chinhtinhtén ‘ie - - Chri niém Gilt tw twéng kién dinh e e Chinh dinh ‘Binh ~ Thidn LICH SU PHAT TRIEN ANB Sau khi ra dei, Phat gio dugc déng dao dan ching don nhan ~ TKIITCN, hodng dé Asoka dic bigt dé cao Phat gido. + Asoka tr thanh tin a6 dao Phat. + Bao Phat busi vao thi kj phdttrién cue thinh. ~TKITON, Bao Phat chia thanh 2 phi: Tiu Tita va Bai Tita ~ Nia sau TK Vi, Pht gio tim vaotnh trang suy yéu, bat ngudn tr abng nguyén ohn ni tai cing nguyén nhn bn ngoi va suy sup han = Phat gido tri thanh tan gido thé oii, dvgc truyén ba va phat trign manh # nhigu nude: SriLanca, Mianma, Thai Lan, Campuchia, cdc nuféc Trung A, Trung Quéc, Triéu Tién, Nhat Ban, Vigt Nam... @) PHAITRUGNG LAO hh = Gr nghiém gid ust en NR = Chit nap ty Keo > § SS ~ Chi gidi thot cho bén than og ~ Chi thir duy nhdt Phat Thich Ca & “Tayi re ag én ra fa Nam 3 = Kin Tid thie CO XE NHO, CON BUONG COU VOT HEP PHAI DAI CHUNG ses coe NN t = Nai léng gi luat _ pid’ ting = Két nap rng rin & ~ Gidi thoat cho minh va cho moi nguai ~ Th nhiéu Phat = Truyén theo hung phia Bic = Kinh Dai thita COX LON, CON BUGNG COU vor RONG 4 vs,@) BAO JAINA ip xuat than tir dang cap thit hai Ksatrya dng ~ Sau dic dao, tin d6 goi La Mia i = The gi Cho rang vii tru khéng phai do mat dang héa cing nao sang tao ra + Chi truong khdng thé thugng dé, thi tat cd cdc than trong huyén thoai + Lif trong kinh Veda khéng phai lot dey ciia thuong dé = Nhan sinh quan + Quan niém van vat déu cé tinh han + Tan thanh thuyét ludn hoi Jaina chéng dao Ba la mén va ché d6 dang cap Varna Wa BAO JAINA ~ Gidi wat 5 + Khéng duge giét bat cif mot sinh vat nao + Khéingnéi dt g + Khang léy bat ky mat vat gi ciia ngu’i khdéc néu khéng phai la tang phdm + Khang dm duc +Khdng duge tich ly qué nhiéu cia cai, phai song kh hanh tir b6 moi thé vui cla xa hoi ~ Gido phai: Ao trang va do trit Ohi trutmg king sat sinh mét céch cut doan (hiéng cay ruéng,kiéng dn mét, kiéng loc nutic..| va han manh suf tu hanh Khd hanh (thén nhién true cdi chél. chi trong tuyét thye te ti.) nnén truyén bd khéng duce ring ri, tn dé ~ 0.7% din so‘An Bb, o Tay va Téy Nam An 86Wa BAO SIKH = Cudi TK XV ~ ddu TK XVI, Bao Sikh ra didi trén gido ly cia dao Hindu va dao Hai - Nguit sng Lap la Nanak Dev (1469 - 1538) ~ Chitin vao mat vi than téi cao duy nhat ~ Kinh thanh la Gran Sahep (téc phim cita 10 gio si dao Sikh + Kinh dao Hindu + Kinh dao H = Bén thi lin nhat la dén vang @ bang Punjap ~ Phan doi su cudng tin cia dao Hindu va dao Hai = Khéng hanh hufong én cae con sing nhwr dao Hindu hé 6 dang cap Varna, thy hién khoan dung, yéu mén moi ng sn sang gidp d@ nguéi khdc A @) BAO SIKH ~ Git luat: (Gido sf Gobin Xinh bé sung thém yéu td vii trang va gidt wat vao Tk XVI) +KhGng cat téc, khdng cao rau +Luén mang theo luge chai dau bang go hoac nga +Mac quan ngan +Beo ving tay bang sat + Mang kiém ngan hodc dao gm ] Ngay nay, tin G6 deo Sikth chiém ~ 2% dn so An 86. Ho doi téch bang’ Punyap koi An 86d thanh ldp mét nue dc lp goilé Nhalixtan@®) cH VIET ANB - Chit viét dau tién sang tao tir thi vin minh Harappa - TKVTCN, Chit Kharosthi - mo phéng chit viét nguoi Lu@ng Ha - Chit Brami + Nguén géc n chit viét An 86 ngay nay + Sif dung ring rai, dc biét van bia thé Asoca - Chif Devanagari + Bién thé chi’ Brami + Céch vit dan gidn thud tién hom + Ngudn géc: Chi Phan (Sanskrit) & Pal (viet kinh Phat) - Anh huréng manh mé dén cae nude Ding Nam A VAN Hoc ANDO - Kinh Vetta - Thanh kinh cita dao Balamén - Hindu gido, gam 4 tap + Rigveda + Samaveda + Yajurveda quan, chita bénh, danh bac va ca tinh yéu + Atharvaveda ~ Ba tap trén la nhitng bai ca va bai cau nguyén phan anh lich sif gut Aryan tran vao An 86, su tan ra che 6 thi toc, vide cu dan dau tranh véi thién tai: Han han, | li tut - Atharvaveda gém bai chi, @ cap ché a6 dang cap, viée hanh 4 VAN Hoc - Sit thi +Mahabharata + Ramayana . - Hai bé sit thi va cing a6 sd, dude truyén miéng tir dau TNK I TCN, duge chép lai bang khau ngif, sau do duge dich ra atiang Sanskrit vao cdc TK ¢ dau CN ~ Hai tap sif thi ging ohy cud “bach khoa toan thu”, tam gong phan chiéu ais sing chinh tri, van héa, xa héi, déi sing tinh cam, nén tang dao dife cla nguti in 86 cf daiBa sit thi cf nhdt va dd si nhat thé gid ‘Céigh hing théy trong Mahabharata thi cing khng thay c6 twin dit in 86° ~ Gém 220.000 cu (110.000 cau the dai) > 8 Lan (liad + Odyssey) ~ Gom 18 chung va I chong bd sung tai ligu ~ Tuong truyén nguisi soan lai la Viasa ~ Noi dung: Cude dau tranh giita hai bé lac thiy td cia nguii / chiéin 20% sé céu. Phan cén lai, tic phim mut’ (si cée nhin vit dé ndi vé thiét ché‘ ding cap, luét lé. phong tue tép| ayan Bé sir thi dvge ngui An BG yéu thich nhat - ‘Ching nao sing cha can, dé chia mén thi Ramayana van' cin lam say mé nguti dét va cu ho ra khéi vong = Gim 48.000 cau (24,000 céu the dai) = Gim 7 chiang, trong d6 chufang | va Vil vé vio = Tuong truyén tac gid la Vanmi Nai dung: Céng die, su nghigp va cdu chuyén tinh duyén giifa hoang tif Rama va nguit vo chung thy Sita = Sith Ramayana co éinh huting manh mé dén nen vin hoc (chi ph in G tdi nhén vat, céu chuyén) v8 ca Logi hinh ghé thuat kde but kién thie, iéu kde, nghé thud biéu dién cia ede nutic Bing NomA = Oho dén nay, sit thi nh hutting tdi 43 nutic khéc trén thé gid’ veil cae dj bén kde nhawKIEN TRUC HINDU ~ Phong céch Bac An (Nagara) +Hinh than tirTK IX +Vi tri dt don dac trén mat khu dat trong +Khdng cd san +Hinh dang la du’ng cong mém ven lén voi hé thdng cdc thép cao dan - mé ta hinh anh day ndi thiéng Méru +Trén dinh l& hinh mii Ling bet KIEN TRUC HINDU - Phong cach Nam An (Dravida) +Hinh thanh tir TK XI - TK XVIII + Méi dén co cu tric hinh kim ty thdp dinh bang «| + B8t trong nhiing bife tuéng bao nhiéu lép + Thap cng cao lén KIEN TRUC HINDU Phong cach Trung hn (Vasara) + Phat trign & cao nguyén Decan +Két hgp ca 2 phong cach 1 Nagara + Dravida + Gidm chiéu cao cac tang riéng biét ma khong lam giam sé lugng céc tang +Két hop cau tric hinh ban nguyét cla Phat gido - Bén thi Halebidu, Belur, Somanathapura va Pattadakal@®) KIEN TRUC PHAT GIAO ~ Stupa (Thap) + Bat thanh tich (hién vat lign quan Phat gido) +X4 li (Tro cét cdc nha su’ sau khi ho nhap Niét ia ban) . - Stupa Sanchi - Di san van héa T6 ciia An dé Hinh chide mii hode cai bat va quyén trugng cila @®) KIEN TRUC PHAT GIAO NR ~ Chita ndi hita hang +Kién tre ngam khoét s4u vao nii a4 +Vuong trigu Gupta Chita hang Ajanta, Chia hang Elloraee hin Ts Mk Bn QUAN THE CHUA HANG ELLORA i. Cit da Sarthna dung noi Bifc Phat thuy@t phap lan dau tién + Cao 15m, hinh tron, nnhé dan tir dui lén trén +4 con svtirngéi quay 4 huting an dy chdnh phdp cla Be Phat due truyén ba kndp dn phuong + Banh xe tung trung cho Phat phdp luan chuyén khp moi noi + Xen ké véi 4 con thi: Su tu, Voi, bd va ngua tugng trung cho 4 giai oan trong cuéc d¢i Bui Phat = Nay dude vé thanh quéc huy cia in 6 KIEN TRUC HOI GIAO AN 80 ~ Mogul hn Ba la si ting h cae phong cach khu vue Trung As ign tric An ‘BO + kién tric Hei gido + Mai tron + Cla vim +Cé thap nhon +C6 dai phun nue ~ Céng trinh Taj Mahal + Xay dung bing 44 cdm thach, mau séng trang trong hon 20 nam + Lng m6 cla hoang hau + Do vua xay dung +1983, dug céng nhan di san théTAJ MAHAL An 86 06 niu lw dei, chi, iby léu G6 vi 08 sé, ntung Taj Mahal néi tiéng (6 dep mht &'An 86 va trén thé gid gutta. goi nd 16 “Bai tho bang dé gdm” @) THIEN VAN HOC ANB - Sém biét chia 1 nam thanh 12 thang, 1 thang cé 30 ngay, mdi ngay 30 gid, cif 5 nim thém 1 thang nhuan ~ Bidt qua dat va mat trang déu hinh cau - Bit durge quy dao cita mat trang - Tinh duge ky trang tran, trang khuyét - Phan biét durge 5 hanh tinh: sao Kim, Mac, Thily, Héa, Tho - Biét durge mat sé cham sao va sif van hanh cita cdc ngdi sao chinhWa TOAN HOC - Sang tao ra 10 chit séma ngay nay cal ding rong rai (TK1 - TK V hoae sém hon) (Trong dé cé con si O- con sé quyén lw nhat) ~Tinh chinh xae so Pi= 31416 ~ Phat minh ra dai sé hoc - Bidt tinh $ cdc hinh vudng, chit nh3t, tam gidc, da gidc - Biét méi quan hé giita cdc canh cita tam gidc vudng @®) VATLY HOC AN BD ~ Néu ra dufge thuyét nguyén tir Van vat ld do cée nguyén tir tao nén, nhung vat chat so’ khéc nhau ld do méi loai co imét thi nguyén ti khdc vot loai khéc Nguyén ti néo ciing nur nhau, chi cé céch t6 hop khéc nhau mé thé ~ Biet duge site hit cia qua dat “Qué dt do trong lute cia né hut tét cd moi vat vé no” @) YougC HOC ANB - Thanh tuu rat ldn va sém so voi cde nue khac - Trong cdc tap Veda ké ra: + Rat nhiéu loai bénh + Hang tram loai thud thao méc *Thay thudc biét ding phau thuat ae chita bénh + Biat cach chap xudng so, cal mang | mat, mo bung Lay tha, lay sdi than... + Biat ché thudc té cho bénh nhan udng dé giam dau khi mo