ICSE X | History & Civics

Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)

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ICSE
Class X
History & Civics
Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)

PART-I
Solution 1
(i) (c) 30 years
(ii) (d) Quorum
(iii) (c) Cabinet ministers
(iv) (b) He should have completed thirty years of age.
(v) (a) The President
(vi) (d) Court of the people
(vii) (b) Mysore
(viii) (c) 1 and 3
(ix) (a) Economic cause
(x) (d) Lahore
(xi) (d) Japanese
(xii) (a) Sylhet
(xiii) (a) Triple Entente
(xiv) (b) General Assembly
(xv) (d) UNICEF
(xvi) (a) Black hand

Solution 2
(i) Two judicial powers of the Parliament:
 The Parliament can impeach the President on the charges of grave misconduct,
violation of the Constitution etc. If the charges against the President are passed by
two-thirds majority of both Houses, the President may be removed from his office.
 The Parliament can remove the judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, the
Chief Election Commissioner, the Comptroller and Auditor General of India if they
are found to be violating any provision of the Constitution.
(ii) She can directly appeal under the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court on the
grounds of her fundamental rights being denied by the government or an organization.
(iii) Two objectives of Muslim league:
 To promote loyalty of Indian Muslims towards the British government.
 To protect the political and other rights of the Indian Muslims and to place their
needs and aspirations before the Government.
(iv) Allan Octavian Hume worked for the Imperial Civil Service, which was later renamed
the Indian Civil Service. One association founded by him was the Indian National
Congress.
(iv) Two important contributions of Surendranath Banerjee:
 Surendranath Banerjee formed the Indian Association in 1876. Main aim of the
organisation was to spread education, to create public opinion on political issues in
the country and to create political consciousness and unity.

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 ICSE X | History & Civics
Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)
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 He created an all-India political organization and convened the Indian National
Conference in 1883 at Kolkata. It merged with Indian National Congress in 1886.
Banerjee presided over two sessions of the Congress in 1895 and 1902.
(v) The assassination of Archduke Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian
throne by a Serbian nationalist was the immediate cause of the first World War. After
his assassination, Austria declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914. Russia started
preparations to support Serbia in the war. As a result, Germany declared war on Russia
on August 1, 1914; and on August 3, on France. German troops marched into Belgium
to press on to France on August 4 and on that day itself England declared war on
Germany.
(vi) Two similarities between the ideologies of Nazism and Fascism:
 Both believe in the existence of a totalitarian state.
 Both oppose democracy and communism.

PART II
SECTION A

Solution 3
a) The maximum strength of the Lok Sabha is 552. No more than 530 members could
represent the States and not more than 20 represent the Union Territories. Besides, 2
members of the Anglo-Indian community may be nominated by the President in case he
feels that the community is not adequately represented.
b) Three Special powers of the Rajya Sabha that is usually not enjoyed by the Lok Sabha
are:
 Normally, the Parliament cannot make laws on the state subjects. But Rajya Sabha
by passing a resolution with two third majority can empower the Parliament to
make laws on the state list.
 The Rajya Sabha can declare that the creation of new All-India Services be made in
the national subjects.
 Rajya Sabha cannot be dissolved. If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the
declaration of national emergency, the Rajya Sabha takes over the functions of the
Lok Sabha.
c) The President summons each House of Parliament to conduct its business. Members of
parliament meet, pass bills and discuss the affairs of the state. These are known as
parliamentary sessions. There are three parliamentary sessions—Budget Session
(February–March), Monsoon Session (July–August) and Winter Session (November–
December).

Solution 4
a) Three qualifications required for a candidate to be elected as the President of India:
 He should be a citizen of India.
 He should have completed thirty-five years of age.
 He should not hold any office of profit under the central or the state government.
b) The President is elected indirectly because:
 The direct election of the President by the people of the country can make him a
rival centre of power to the Council of Ministers.

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 ICSE X | History & Civics
Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)
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 As mostly a party gets a majority in the Houses of the Parliament, election of the
President by only the members of the Parliament could have made him a nominee of
the ruling party. Then the President would not have been able to represent the
states in India.
 The election of the President by an Electoral College consisting of the State
Legislative Assemblies makes the President the elected representative of the whole
nation.

c) Two financial powers of the President:

 Money bills can originate in the Lok Sabha only on the recommendations of the
President.
 The Annual Budget is placed by the finance minister in the Parliament on behalf of
the President.
Two emergency powers of the President:
 The President can declare a national emergency if there is danger to the peace and
security of the nation because of foreign aggression, civil war or insurgency.
 He can also declare emergency in a state if if the constitutional machinery of the
state breaks down.

Solution 5
a) Three steps being taken to keep judiciary independent of the control of the Executive
and the Legislature:
 The judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President in consultation
with the Prime Minister, Cabinet and other judges of the Supreme Court and the
High Court. Thus, both executive and judiciary participate in the appointment of the
judges.
 The procedure to remove the judges is not easy and simple. A judge can be removed
by the President only on the grounds of proven misbehaviour and incapacity.
Charges against the judges first have to be addressed by the President in front of
both Houses of the Parliament and have to be passed by two-thirds majorities of
both Houses.
 A judge can remain in office till he reaches 65 years of age and cannot be removed
from his office except by the process of impeachment.
b) As the Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority, it can review any law passed by
the government and can declare it null and void if it violates any provision made in the
Constitution. This is known as the power of judicial review. The Supreme Court has the
power to review all national and state laws and executive orders and declare them null
and void if they do not confirm to the spirit of the Constitution.
c) A Judge of the Supreme Court can be removed from his office by a process known as
impeachment. A judge of the Supreme Court can be removed only by the process of
impeachment on the grounds of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. An order of such an
effect is first passed after an address by each House of Parliament supported by a
majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-
thirds of the members of that House present.

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Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)
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SECTION B

Solution 6
a) The British had introduced a new ‘Enfield Rifle’ in the army. This rifle needed a
cartridge which had a greased paper cover. This paper cover had to be bitten off before
loading the cartridge into the rifle. Rumours spread that the greased paper was made of
beef and pork. The soldiers felt that it was a move by the British to defame their
religion. Mangal Pandey urged his fellow soldiers not to use the rifle. On 29 March 1857,
he attacked his officers in Barrackpore. He was later hanged. On 9 May 1857, eighty-five
Indian soldiers who had refused to use the greased cartridge were dismissed from their
services and were jailed for disobeying their officers. This marked the beginning of the
sepoy revolt in Meerut which later spread to the other parts of northern India.
b) Three military causes:
 Ill-treatment of Indian Soldiers: The British government ill-treated the Indian
soldiers. They were denied better pay and facilities. They were also often
humiliated by the English officers. No Indian soldier could rise above the post of
‘subedar’ in the Indian army. The British had no regard for Indian sentiments.
 General Service Enlistment Act: The Company passed a new law in 1856, according
to which a sepoy had to travel overseas whenever required by the Company. It was
believed by the Hindus that one could lose his caste status and religion if he crosses
the seas. The sepoys thought the Company was trying to defame their religion.
 Larger Proportion of Indians in the British Army: The British army consisted of
more Indian soldiers. It made it easier for the Indian soldiers to take up arms
against the British.
c) Four consequences of the revolt of 1857:
 The power to govern India was transferred from the Company to the British crown.
 The Board of Directors and the Board of Control of India were abolished and the
office of the Secretary of State for India was created. He was to look after the
formulation of the British policies in India. His salary and allowances were to be
paid from Indian revenues.
 The Governor General in India now came to be known as the Viceroy of India. Lord
Canning became the first viceroy of the country.
 The British abandoned the Doctrine of Lapse and the Subsidiary Alliance System.
The loyalty of the Indian princes during the revolt was rewarded.

Solution 7
a) Three objectives of the movement:
 To attain self-government within the British Empire
 To force the government to annul the Rowlatt Act
 To force the British to restore the old status of the Sultan of Turkey
b) The Non-Cooperation Movement was suspended by Gandhi because of the incident
which occurred at Chauri Chaura in Uttar Pradesh. A procession of about 3000 people
marched to the Chauri Chaura police station. After being fired upon, the mob turned
violent and set the police station on fire killing 22 policemen. This incident shocked
Gandhi as he wanted to gain freedom by following the methods of non- violence. He
withdrew the movement on 12 February 1922.
c) Four results of the movement:

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Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)
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 It made the national movement a mass movement as people from every profession
and walk of life participated in the movement.
 It generated the desire for freedom among the people and inspired them to
challenge the colonial rule.
 It fostered Hindu Muslim unity and also promoted social reforms.
 The concept of Swadeshi and the boycott of foreign goods gave impetus to the
handicraft and local industries.

Solution 8
a) The Dandi March is the famous march undertaken by Gandhiji. He began this march
from the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmadabad to Dandi, a village located on the seacoast of
Gujarat. Two features of this March were:
 It was a 24-day non-violent march led by Mahatma Gandhi
 The march was organized to protests against the steep tax the British levied on salt.
b) As the Civil Disobedience Movement could not be suppressed by the government, a pact
known as the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed between Lord Irwin and Gandhi. Two main
features of the Pact were:
 While the Congress agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement, the
government agreed to withdraw all ordinances and end persecutions.
 The Congress agreed not to press the government for investigations into police
excesses and the government agreed to release all political prisoners except those
who were guilty of violence. Further, the government also permitted peaceful
picketing of liquor and shops selling foreign clothes.
c) The Second Round Table conference was held between 7 September and December
1931 at London. In the conference, demand of separate electorates was raised not only
by Muslims but also by people of depressed classes, Anglo Indians, Indian Christians
and Europeans.

Solution 9
a) Causes of World War I with reference to Nationalism and Imperialism:
 Militant nationalism was one of the major reasons of the First World War. It
included building a huge army and appointing a powerful class of military and naval
officers. For example, France wanted the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine back from
Germany, and Serbia wanted all the Balkan states to unite. This created tensions
among the other nations.
 France and Britain build large colonial empires in Asia and Africa. Many other
nations like Germany, Italy and Japan competed with other powers to establish their
colonies. Building of colonies became essential at this time as they not only provided
raw materials and minerals for industries but also had great potential to become
markets for European-manufactured goods
 Colonies also added to the power and prestige of the European nations. This led to
clash of interests among these countries. This filled the political atmosphere of
Europe with hatred, fear and tension.
b) Four terms of the treaty of Versailles which affected Germany after World War I were:
 Germany was held guilty of aggression. She was required to pay a huge war
reparation of 33 billion dollars for the losses of the victorious nations.
 The Rhine Valley in Germany was to be demilitarised, and German territory to the
west of Rhine was to be occupied by the Allied troops for 15 years.

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Sample Paper – 1 Reference Solutions (2024)
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 Germany lost Alsace-Lorraine to France and Schleswig to Denmark and coal mines
in Saar, Germany, were given to France for 15 years.
 The size of the German army and navy was restricted, and its air force and
submarines were banned.
c) The rise of extreme nationalism in the form of Fascism and Nazism pushed the world
towards the Second World War. Mussolini, the leader of the Fascists in Italy,
established a dictatorship and committed his nation to the Anti-Comintern Pact in 1937
and later to a ten-year alliance with Germany in 1939. He also attacked Abyssinia in
pursuance of his imperialistic designs. On this, the League of Nations failed to take any
action, which exposed the political weakness of the League. In Germany, the rise of
Hitler and his brand of Nazism made conditions explosive. He flouted the military
clauses in the Treaty of Versailles and declared re-armament. In 1938, he annexed
Austria and attacked Czechoslovakia.

Solution 10
a) The United Nations Security Council consists of 15 members in total. There are five
permanent members – USA, Britain, France, China and Russia. The rest ten non-
permanent members are elected by the United Nations General Assembly by a two-
thirds majority for a two-year term.
b) Three functions of the General Assembly:
 To consider and make recommendations on the principles of cooperation in the
maintenance of international peace and security.
 To discuss questions regarding international peace and security and (except where
a dispute or situation is currently being discussed by Security Council) to make
recommendations on it.
 To discuss and make recommendations on any question within the scope of the
Charter or affecting the powers and functions of any organ of the United Nations.
c) The United Nations Children’s Fund was started after the Second World War to provide
relief to children and mothers after World War II. Its functions are:
 UNICEF works for the protection of children in matters of their survival, health and
wellbeing. This is done in cooperation with private individuals, civic groups,
governments and the private sector.
 The UNICEF supplies technical assistance, equipment and other aids. It provides
paper for children’s textbooks, medical equipment and medicines for health clinics,
pipes and pumps for clean water supply in villages, etc.
 It provides help to children and mothers caught in emergency situations caused by
natural calamities, civil strife, epidemic, etc.

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