The Contemporary World Research

THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION IN SMALL BUSINESSES IN
SELECTED ENTREPRENUER IN BARANGAY ODIONG, ROXAS,

ORIENTAL MINDORO
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Aguinaldo, Loren L.
Anum, Babylyn L.
Bernabe, Nika L.
Gadon, Elpie Rose U.
We have adhered to School policy regarding academic honesty in

completing this assignment.
SUBMITTED TO MRS. CLARA ALPHA R. MONTESA ON BEHALF OF THE FACULTY OF THE

SCHOOL OF CLARENDON COLLEGE IN IPARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD SUBJECT.
S.Y. 2023-2024
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title page …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
CHAPTER 1
Background of the Study ……………………………………………………………………… 3
Statement of the Problem …………………………………………………………………… 4
Statement of the Hypothesis …………………………………………………………… 5
Scope and Delimitation of the Study ……………………………………… 5
Significance of the Study ………………………………………………………………… 5
Definition Of Terms ………………………………………………………………………………… 6
Conceptual Framework ……………………………………………………………………………… 8
CHAPTER 2
Literature Review
Related Literature …………………………………………………………………………………… 9
Related Studies …………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
CHAPTER 3
Research in Methodology
Research Model …………………………………………………………………………………………… 16
Study Group …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17
Data Collection Tools ………………………………………………………………………… 18
Data Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
Data Gathering Procedure ………………………………………………………………… 18
Statistical Data Treatment …………………………………………………………… 24
CHAPTER 4
Summary of Findings ……………………………………………………………………………… 25
CHAPTER 5
Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28
Recommendation …………………………………………………………………………………………… 28
References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
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The Effects of Globalization in Small Businesses in
Selected Entreprenuer in Barangay Odiong, Roxas,
Oriental Mindoro
CHAPTER 1
Background of the Study

The global changes in the world, changes in political, economic and
business activities as well as the development of technology, transport
and communications, impose the need for enterprises in its struggle for
survival, to change their strategies and go out from the borders of
their own country. Limited market, competitive pressure, demand for
cheaper resources and the dynamics of the postmodern era, forcing
business leaders to change their focus from traditional targets to
alternative measures for successful business and the entrance on global
markets, with the purpose of making competitive advantage.
Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have

made the world into a more connected and interdependent place.
Globalization also captures in its scope the economic and social changes
that have come about as a result. The speedup of movements and exchanges
(of human beings, goods, and services, capital, technologies or cultural
practices) all over the planet. One of the effects of globalization is
that it promotes and increases interactions between different regions
and populations around the globe. (Wikipedia)
Small business is defined as a privately owned corporation, partnership,

or sole proprietorship that has fewer employees and less annual revenue
than a corporation or regular-sized business. The definition of "small"—
in terms of being able to apply for government support and qualify for
preferential tax policy—varies by country and industry. (Wikipedia)
The U.S. Small Business Administration defines a small business

according to a set of standards based on specific industries. Small
businesses range from fifteen employees under the Australian Fair Work
Act 2009, fifty employees according to the definition used by
the European Union, and fewer than five hundred employees to qualify for
many U.S. Small Business Administration programs. While small businesses
can also be classified according to other methods, such as annual
revenues, shipments, sales, assets, annual gross, net revenue, net
profits, the number of employees is one of the most widely used
measures.
Small businesses in many countries include service or retail operations

such as convenience stores, small grocery
stores, bakeries or delicatessens, hairdressers or tradespeople (e.g., c
arpenters, electricians), restaurants, motels, photographers, very
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small-scale manufacturing, and Internet-related businesses such as web
design and computer programming. Some professionals operate as small
businesses, such as lawyers, accountants, dentists, medical
doctors and developers (although these professionals can also work for
large organizations or companies). Small businesses vary a great deal in
terms of size, revenues, and regulatory authorization, both within a
country and from country to country. Some small businesses, such as a
home accounting business, may only require a business license. On the
other hand, other small businesses, such as day cares, retirement homes,
and restaurants serving liquor are more heavily regulated and may
require inspection and certification from various government
authorities.
Additionally, globalization has made it easier for companies to access

resources, such as raw materials, production facilities, and talent,
from all over the world. This can help companies reduce costs and
increase efficiency, making it easier for them to succeed in the global
marketplace. Furthermore, globalization has also created new
opportunities for companies to collaborate and form partnerships with
companies from other countries, providing access to new resources and
expertise. In short, globalization has transformed the business
landscape, offering entrepreneurs access to a wealth of funding and
resources that were previously unavailable. By taking advantage of these
opportunities, entrepreneurs can achieve new levels of success and
impact in today's fast-paced, ever-changing business world.
Here in Barangay Odiong, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro. Many entrepreneurs own

varoius goods, such as Sari- sari Stores, Cafeterias or eateries,
Bakeries, Tailor Shops, Computer Shops, Hardware Stores, Vegetables and
Fruits Stores and many others. Which will find out and conduct research
on how Globalization affects their Small Businesses.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the Effects of Globalization in

Small Businesses in Selected Store Owner in Barangay Odiong, Roxas,
Oriental Mindoro.
1.Factors affecting Globalization among entrepreneurs in terms of;
1.1 Economy
1.2 Political
1.3 Technologies
1.4 Production Issues
1.5 Expenses and Competition
2.Types of Small Businesses in terms of;
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2.1 Convinient Stores
2.2 Restaurants
2.3 Computer Shops
2.4 Tailors
2.5 Bakeries
3.Is there a significant relationship between Globalization and Small

Businesses in Selected Store Owner in Barangay Odiong, Roxas, Oriental
Mindoro?
4. Is there a significant difference between Globalization and Small

Mindoro?
Statement of the Hypothesis
In this study the following hypothesis will be tested.
1.There is no significant relationship between Globalization and Small

Mindoro.
2. There is no significant difference between Globalization and Small

Mindoro.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The study will be focused on determining the relationship and

differences between Globalization in Small Businesses in Selected Store
Owner in Barangay Odiong, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro, School year 2023-
2024.
This study will be limited to 15 Selected Small Business Store

Owner in Barangay Odiong, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro. The respondents will
be randomly chosen from .
Significance of the Study
Determining the relationship and difference between Globalization

and Small Businesses bear importance to the following:
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Entrepreneurs. Enhances one's analytical and logical skills that enable
one to solve any problem. Entrepreneurship mainly helps solve daily-life
problems and eases pain points with the help of innovative products and
services provided.
Parents. An entrepreneur parent provides strong inspiration at an early

age and help to inculcate the independent nature of self
employment (Matthews & Moser, 1995).
Students. Entrepreneurship is a sensible and effective way for students

to ascertain what path they may pursue professionally before they finish
their degree.
Teachers. Teachers seek to convey to their students the interest in the

creation of companies and the necessary skills to develop such activity
in the most efficient and effective possible way.
Future Researchers. This study may used as a guide for the future
researches and could and provide them with substantial findings to
support their local studies relating to golabization and small
businesses.
Definition of Terms
Bakery. A bakery is an establishment that produces and sells flour-based

food baked in an oven such as bread, cookies, cakes, doughnuts, bagels,
pastries, and pies. Some retail bakeries are also categorized as cafés,
serving coffee and tea to customers who wish to consume the baked goods
on the premises.
Business. A business is defined as an organization or enterprising

entity engaged in commercial, industrial, or professional activities.
Businesses can be for-profit entities or non-profit organizations.
Business types range from limited liability companies to sole
proprietorships, corporations, and partnerships.
Computer Shops. A computer shop is a business establishment that

provides computer-related services and products to customers. It
typically offers facilities for computer usage, gaming, internet
browsing, software installation, hardware repairs, and more.
Convinient Stores. A retail business that provides the public with a

convenient location to quickly purchase a wide variety of consumable
products and services, generally food and gasoline.
Economy. An economy encompasses all of the activities related to the

production, consumption, and trade of goods and services in an entity,
whether the entity is a nation or a small town.
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Entrepreneur. An entrepreneur is someone who starts or owns a business.
Whether it's in farming, retail, manufacturing or in the service sector,
entrepreneurs are businesspeople who find their success by taking risks.
Expenses. An expense is the cost of operations that a company incurs to

generate revenue. It is simply defined as the cost one is required to
spend on obtaining something.
Competition. Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive

for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the
other's loss. Competition can arise between entities such as organisms,
individuals, economic and social groups, etc.
Globalization. A term used to describe how trade and technology have

made the world into a more connected and interdependent place.
Globalization also captures in its scope the economic and social changes
that have come about as a result. The speedup of movements and exchanges
(of human beings, goods, and services, capital, technologies or cultural
practices) all over the planet.
Political. Politics is the way that people living in groups make

decisions. Politics is about making agreements between people so that
they can live together in groups such as tribes, cities, or countries.
In large groups, such as countries, some people may spend a lot of their
time making such agreements.
Production Issues. This is a problem that is discovered in the

production environment that causes the application to become unavailable
or to exhibit incorrect behavior.
Restaurants. A restaurant is a place where you can eat a meal and pay
for it. In restaurants, your food is usually served to you at your table
by a waiter or waitress. The restaurant serves breakfast, lunch, and
dinner. The food at the restaurant was good and the waiters were polite.
Small Businesses. A business which functions on a small scale level

involves less capital investment, less number of labour and fewer
machines to operate is known as a small business. Small scale Industries
or small business are the type of industries that produces goods and
services on a small scale.
Tailoring Shop. A portion of a building where the business of individual

custom tailoring or non-offensive clothing manufacturing is carried on.
Technology. Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge for

achieving practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. The word
technology can also mean the products resulting from such efforts,
including both tangible tools such as utensils or machines, and
intangible ones such as software.
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Conceptual Framework
This study aims to find out how Globalization really affects the
Small Business Owners in Barangay, Odiong, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro. The
paradigm or conceptual framework illustrates in the figure that follows:
PROCESS OUTPUT
INPUT
Interview To know the
Demographic
factors that
profile of the Gathering influencing
respondents:
Tabulating Globalization in
Name: order to
Analyzing understand the
Kind/types of through effects of it in
Business: researcher made Small Business
Age: a questionnaire Ownwer.
Gender: Identify and

recommend
Statement of the solution to
Problem: reduce shrinking
Factors affecting profits and
Globalization other problems.
among Conclusion for
entrepreneurs. the subject
Types of Small matter of this
Businesses. study.
FEEDBACK
Figure 1: The Researcher Paradigm on the Study
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CHAPTER 2
Literature Review
Related literature
Globalization has drastically altered the business landscape, breaking

down geographical boundaries and opening up new opportunities for
entrepreneurs. With access to a wider pool of resources and customers,
entrepreneurship has become more accessible than ever before. But with
this newfound accessibility, also comes new challenges and obstacles. In
this article, we'll delve into the complex relationship between
globalization and entrepreneurship, exploring both the positive and
negative impacts that have emerged in this rapidly evolving world. From
exploring the role of technology and innovation to the effects of
cultural differences and economic instability, we'll take a
comprehensive look at how globalization has shaped the entrepreneurial
landscape and what it means for future business ventures. So, buckle up
and get ready for a thought-provoking journey into the world of
entrepreneurship and globalization.
Access to New Markets and Customers
One of the most significant impacts of globalization on entrepreneurship

is the access to new markets and customers. With the advancement of
technology and transportation, companies can now reach customers beyond
their local borders and tap into previously untapped markets. This has
opened up a world of possibilities for entrepreneurs, providing new
opportunities to grow their companies and reach a larger customer base.
Whether you're an online retailer looking to expand into international
markets or a local bakery wanting to sell your products overseas,
globalization has made it easier than ever before to connect with
customers from all over the world.
However, it's important to keep in mind that entering new markets also
comes with its own set of challenges, such as navigating cultural
differences, overcoming language barriers, and dealing with various
regulations and laws. Nevertheless, for entrepreneurs who are up for the
challenge, the benefits of accessing new markets and customers are well
worth the effort.
Increased Competition and Market Saturation
Another impact of globalization on entrepreneurship is the increase in

competition and market saturation. With more companies and entrepreneurs
entering the market, there's often a greater demand for products and
services, which can result in increased competition. This can make it
more challenging for companies to stand out and establish themselves in
their respective industries. On the one hand, increased competition can
drive companies to innovate and improve the quality of their offerings,
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but on the other hand, it can also lead to market saturation, making it
harder for companies to find customers and turn a profit.
This can be especially difficult for small companies and startups, which
may struggle to compete with larger, established companies that have
more resources and a larger customer base. In short, while access to
new markets and customers is one of the positive impacts of
globalization on entrepreneurship, it also brings with it the challenge
of increased competition and market saturation, which can make it
difficult for companies to succeed.
The Role of Technology and Innovation
Technology and innovation play a critical role in the impact of

globalization on entrepreneurship. With the rapid pace of technological
advancement, entrepreneurs have access to tools and resources that were
previously unavailable. This has made it easier for companies to reach
customers, streamline operations, and stay ahead of the competition.
For example, the widespread adoption of the internet and e-commerce has
revolutionized the way companies reach customers, providing new avenues
for growth and expansion.
Additionally, innovations in areas such as AI, machine learning,

and robotics have enabled companies to automate many tasks, freeing up
time and resources for other important aspects of running a business.
However, it's important to keep in mind that technology can also have
negative impacts, such as increased cybercrime and the displacement of
workers in certain industries. Nevertheless, the role of technology and
innovation in shaping the impact of globalization on entrepreneurship
cannot be overstated. By leveraging these tools and resources,
entrepreneurs are able to achieve new levels of success and impact in
today's fast-paced, ever-changing business world.
Cultural Differences and the Challenges of Global Expansion
Cultural differences play a significant role in the impact of

globalization on entrepreneurship, especially when it comes to global
expansion. Doing business in different countries can be challenging, as
cultural norms, values, and beliefs can vary greatly from one place to
another.
For example, business practices that are considered acceptable in one

country may be viewed as inappropriate in another. This can create
difficulties for entrepreneurs looking to expand their companies
globally, as they must navigate these cultural differences and adapt
their strategies to be successful in new markets.
Additionally, cultural differences can impact the way a business is

perceived by customers and partners, and can also affect employee morale
and motivation. Entrepreneurs must be aware of these challenges and be
willing to adapt their practices to succeed in a global marketplace.
Whether it's conducting business with respect and sensitivity, or making
cultural modifications to products and services, overcoming cultural
differences is key to success in global expansion. Ultimately,
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entrepreneurs must be flexible and open-minded to succeed in a
culturally diverse business world.
The Impact of Economic Instability and Globalization on Small Companies
Economic instability and globalization can have a profound impact on

small companies, both positively and negatively. On one hand, small
companies can benefit from increased access to new markets and
customers, as well as greater opportunities for growth and expansion.
However, on the other hand, they can also be negatively affected by
economic instability and fluctuations in the global marketplace.
For example, changes in currency exchange rates or trade policies can

disrupt small companies' access to raw materials or customers, making it
difficult to stay afloat.
Additionally, small companies may struggle to compete with larger,

multinational companies that have more resources and can weather
economic instability better. This can put small companies at a
disadvantage, making it difficult for them to succeed in a global
marketplace. Furthermore, small companies may also face challenges in
navigating the complexities of the global marketplace, such as
navigating regulations and taxes in different countries. In conclusion,
while globalization offers opportunities for small companies, it also
brings with it economic instability and challenges that must be
addressed in order for small companies to succeed.
The Benefits of Globalization for Entrepreneurship
Globalization offers a number of benefits for entrepreneurship,

including access to funding and resources. With the improving
interconnectedness of the global marketplace, entrepreneurs have access
to a wider pool of investors, customers, and resources, providing new
opportunities for growth and expansion.
For example, entrepreneurs can seek funding from venture capitalists or

angel investors from all over the world, improving their chances of
securing the capital they need to start or grow their companies.
Additionally, globalization has made it easier for companies to access

resources, such as raw materials, production facilities, and talent,
from all over the world. This can help companies reduce costs and
increase efficiency, making it easier for them to succeed in the global
marketplace. Furthermore, globalization has also created new
opportunities for companies to collaborate and form partnerships with
companies from other countries, providing access to new resources and
expertise. In short, globalization has transformed the business
landscape, offering entrepreneurs access to a wealth of funding and
resources that were previously unavailable. By taking advantage of these
opportunities, entrepreneurs can achieve new levels of success and
impact in today's fast-paced, ever-changing business world.
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The Effects of Globalization on Local Economies and Job Markets
The effects of globalization on local economies and job markets can be

both positive and negative. On one hand, globalization has created new
opportunities for growth and development, as companies are able to
access new markets and customers from all over the world. This can lead
to increased investment, job creation, and economic growth in local
communities. Additionally, globalization has made it easier for
companies to access resources, such as raw materials, production
facilities, and talent, from all over the world. This can help companies
reduce costs and increase efficiency, making it easier for them to
succeed in the global marketplace.
However, globalization can also have negative effects on local economies

and job markets. For example, the increased competition from foreign
companies can put pressure on local companies, making it difficult for
them to succeed. Additionally, globalization can lead to the outsourcing
of jobs to countries with lower labor costs, resulting in job losses and
wage stagnation in local communities. Furthermore, globalization can
result in the concentration of wealth and resources in certain
locations, leaving other areas behind and exacerbating economic
inequality.
In conclusion, the effects of globalization on local economies and job

markets are complex and multifaceted. While globalization offers
opportunities for growth and development, it also brings with it
challenges that must be addressed in order for local communities and
workers to benefit from the opportunities it presents.
The Challenges of Navigating Regulations and Legal Barriers in a Global

Market
Navigating regulations and legal barriers in a global market can be a

major challenge for entrepreneurs looking to expand their companies
internationally. Different countries have different laws, regulations,
and compliance requirements, making it difficult for companies to know
what is required of them in each market. For example, some countries
have strict labor laws, while others have more relaxed regulations.
Similarly, tax laws and trade agreements can vary greatly from one
country to another, making it difficult for companies to understand what
they need to do to comply with the law.
Furthermore, legal barriers can also make it difficult for companies to

protect their intellectual property, such as patents, trademarks, and
copyrights. Different countries have different laws and regulations
surrounding intellectual property, and navigating these laws can be a
complex and time-consuming process. This can make it difficult for
companies to protect their innovations and creations, and can also put
their investments at risk.
In conclusion, navigating regulations and legal barriers in a global

market requires a deep understanding of the laws and regulations in each
country where a business operates. Entrepreneurs must be proactive and
stay informed about changes in the law, and must work with local lawyers
and experts to ensure that they are compliant with all regulations. By
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doing so, companies can reduce the risk of legal disputes and other
complications, and can focus on growing and expanding their operations
in the global marketplace.
The Impact of Globalization on Product and Service Quality
Globalization has had a significant impact on product and service

quality. On one hand, globalization has created new opportunities for
companies to access the best resources, materials, and technology from
all over the world. This can lead to the creation of high-quality
products and services that are well-suited to the needs of global
consumers. Furthermore, globalization has increased competition in the
marketplace, forcing companies to continually improve the quality of
their products and services in order to stay ahead of the competition.
However, globalization has also led to some challenges for companies in

terms of product and service quality. For example, some companies may
seek to cut costs by outsourcing production to countries with lower
labor costs, which can result in lower-quality products and services.
Additionally, the challenges of navigating regulations and legal
barriers in a global market can make it difficult for companies to
ensure that their products and services are of high quality and comply
with local laws and standards.
In conclusion, globalization has had a profound impact on product and

service quality, offering new opportunities for companies to create
high-quality products and services while also presenting new challenges.
To succeed in the global marketplace, companies must be diligent in
their efforts to ensure that their products and services are of the
highest quality, and must stay informed about changes in the law and
regulations affecting their operations. By doing so, companies can build
a reputation for quality, attract customers from all over the world, and
achieve new levels of success and impact in the global marketplace.
Wrapping Up
Globalization has had a profound impact on entrepreneurship, creating

new opportunities and challenges for companies around the world. On one
hand, globalization has made it easier for entrepreneurs to access new
markets and customers, increased competition, and has played a key role
in driving technological innovation and progress. It has also made it
possible for companies to access funding and resources from all over the
world, helping them to grow and achieve new levels of success.
However, globalization has also created new challenges for

entrepreneurship, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises.
For example, increased competition can make it difficult for companies
to stand out in a crowded marketplace, while navigating regulations and
legal barriers in a global market can be challenging and time-consuming.
Additionally, globalization can have negative impacts on local economies
and job markets, and can lead to lower quality products and services.
In conclusion, the impact of globalization on entrepreneurship is

complex and far-reaching. To succeed in this environment, entrepreneurs
must stay informed about the opportunities and challenges presented by
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globalization, and must be proactive in taking advantage of new
opportunities and overcoming new challenges. Whether you are a small
business owner looking to expand into new markets or a multinational
corporation seeking to stay ahead of the competition, it is clear that
globalization will continue to play a critical role in shaping the
future of entrepreneurship for many years to come.
Related Studies
The present study aims to advance our understanding of the association

between Globalization and Small Businesses in Selected Store Owner in
Barangay, Odiong, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro.
The development of international business activities coincided with

widespread phenomenon of globalization of markets (Cavusgil, Knight, &
Riesenberger, 2008). The globalization of markets refers to the growing
economic integration and the growing interdependence of countries
worldwide. Internationalization of the companies refers to the tendesncy
of the companies to systematically increase the international scope of
their business activities, while globalization refers to a makrotrend
intensive economic relations between the countries in the world.
Globalization encourages companies to internationalize and to
substantially increase the volume and types of cross-border transactions
in goods, services and capital. Also, the globalization leads to rapid
dissemination and diffusion of products, technology and knowledge in the
world, regardless of the origin. The process of globalization is a
natural process that is a result of the growing and accelerated process
of generalizing of the character and process of production. The
development of science, engineering and technology and the expansion of
markets for goods, worldwide, lead to internationalization of economic
and financial developments and their global deployment. If globalization
is understood as a process that leads to greater economic integration of
national economies, as a process of fragmentation of the world economy
and the international economy, than the globalization is a process of
opening of national economies through the removal of economic and
financial boundaries of national economies and thus their transformation
into an international economic and financial market (Jovanovski, 2007).
Globalization is a worldwide trend, through which economies in the world
lose their borders and connect to each other. The companies are no
longer imprisoned in their borders and can implement a wide range of
business activities around the world. Many companies are present in
markets around the world, procured their raw produce or conduct research
and development worldwide. Trade barriers fall and global trade between
countries in goods and services is growing faster than domestic
production. As a result of this, companies can not afford the luxury to
assume that the success of the domestic market will lead to longterm
profitability (Cullen & Parboteeah, 2010). The flow of money across
national borders is freer, and companies seek better financing rates in
the world and investors everywhere are looking for a more favorable
return on investment. Globalization, developed from economic aspect, has
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two main components: the globalization of markets and globalization of
production. The globalization of markets refers to the merging of
historically different and separate national markets into one big global
market. In recent years, constantly is discussed that the tastes and
preferences of consumers in different countries and nations begin to
resemble on a global level and the way that they help in the creating of
a global market. The companies that offer standardized products
worldwide, help in the creation of a global market. The most common
global markets are not the markets for mass consumer products, because
there are still differences between countries in terms of tastes and
preferences, which still have great meaning and a sort of brake on
globalization, but these are the markets for industrial goods and
materials that have universal need the world. The globalization of
production refers to the tendency of the companies to find suppliers of
goods and services from locations around the world, in order to realize
the advantage of national differences in price and quality of the
factors of production. Companies do this in order to reduce overall
costs and thereby to improve the quality or to improve the functionality
of their product offering to compete more effectively(Hill, 2008). In
economics, internationalization is seen as a process of increased
involvement of enterprises in international markets (Susman, 2007). The
process of globalization, the fight for survival, constant pressure and
the need to preserve and strengthen the market position, force the
companies to be willing to constantly innovate and explore opportunities
for achieving competitive advantage and expanding business activities
outside the domestic market. Entrance of the companies in the global
market becomes inevitable not only because of limitation of the domestic
market but also because of the globalization; the domestic market share
is under threat from foreign competition (Bartels, Buckley, & Mariano,
2009). There are several specific factors that promote globalization and
guide enterprises to strive for business development and growth through
the international and global operations and include: political changes,
development of technology, international business climate, market
development, expenses and competition (Ball, McCulloch, Geringer, Minor,
& McNett, 2001).
As the globalization increases the speed and prevalence, and for the
companies more opportunities are opening easily, to perform on the
international markets. The managers develop and adapt strategies for
internationalization in order to transform their organizations into
globally competitive enterprises. Managers seek to coordinate the
supply, production, marketing and other activities based on
international activities. The organization of the company globally is a
challenge and requires strategic positioning, organizational skills, a
high degree of coordination and integration, attention to the needs of
individual markets and the implementation of common processes. The
strategy, in an international context, is an organization plan for
positive positioning, compared to the competitors. This plan lead the
company to selected customers, markets, products and services in global
markets, not just a particular international market. The strategy in an
international context should help managers to formulate a strong
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international vision, allocation of scarce resources on the World, the
participation of the major markets, implementation of global
partnerships, and involvement in competitive activities in response to
global rivals and establish activities that add additional value on a
global level (Cavusgil, Yeniyurt, & Townsend, 2004). When the companies
compete outside of their country, they face a number of challenges and
pressures. These pressures and challenges to maintain competitiveness,
require from the companies cut costs, in order the consumers do not
evaluate their products or services as too expensive. This leads to the
need to locate production facilities in places where production costs
are lower, and the development of high standardized products in most
countries. In the context of the pressure to reduce costs, managers must
strive to be ready to respond to local pressures to adapt products to
local market requirements, where the company is active. This requires
differentiation of their offer and strategies in different countries, in
order to preserve the tastes and preferences of consumers, but also the
differentiation of distribution channels, management of human resources,
and government regulations. Because the strategies and tactics for
differentiation of products and services in local markets create
additional costs, they can also lead to increased costs for the company.
These two pressures that enterprises face, resulting in four basic
strategies that the companies use to compete in the global market. These
strategies are: international, global, multi-domestic and transnational
strategy (Dess, Lumpkin, & Taylor, 2004). The strategy that will be
chosen by the company depends on the pressure faced by cost-cutting and
the importance of adapting to local markets.
CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology
Research Model
This study, which examines and evaluates the effects of globalization

its effects on the small business owners or entrepreneurs in Barangay
Odiong, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro, and the current policies on this
issue, was designed in the basic qualitative research design, which is
included in the qualitative research approach. According to Merriam
(2009), basic qualitative research tries to reveal the participants'
experiences, the meanings they attribute to their experiences and the
process. In basic qualitative research, data is collected by
observation, document analysis and interview methods, depending on the
Statement of the Problem in the research.
16 | P a g e
Study Group
In forming the study group, the maximum diversity sampling method was
used among purposeful sampling methods. In this method, different
situations similar within themselves related to the subject under study
are determined in line with the purpose of the research (Buyukozturk, et
al., 2014). To ensure data richness and diversity, 15 entrepreneurs from
Barangay Odiong, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro. In the establishment of the
study group, care was taken to ensure that the participants differed in
terms of variables such as name, kind or types of business, age, gender,
including in the statement of the problem. Table-1 provides information
about the study group.
Respondents Type of Business Age Gender
Respondent 1 Sari-sari Store 71 years old Female
Respondent 2 Tailoring Shop 20 years old Female
Respondent 3 Convinient Store 67 years old Female
Respondent 4 Bakery Shop 31 years old Male
Respondent 5 Restaurant 56 years old Female
Respondent 6 Restaurant 47 years old Female
Respondent 7 Computer Shop 34 years old Male
Respondent 10 Computer Shop 37 years old Female
Respondent 11 Meat and Vegetable 43 years old Female

Store
Respondent 12 Bakery Shop 54 years old Male
Respondent 13 Restaurant 29 years old Male
Respondent 14 Ukay- ukay Shop 38 years old Female
Respondent 15 Vegtable Store 44 years old Female
Figure 1. Information about the Study Group
As seen in the data in Table 1, in terms of Types of Business,

Convinient Stores and Restaurants got 3 each out of 15 respondents,
Computer Shops, Bakeries and Meat and Vegetable got 2 each out of 15
17 | P a g e
respondents, and lastly, Sari- sari Store, Tailor and Ukay- ukay got 1
each out of 15 respondents, so it means that there are more numbers of
entreprenuer in Convinient Store and Restaurants than other types of
business. In terms of age, there are all different in the number of age
that be seen above. In terms of gender, 4 out of 15 respondents are Male
and 11 out of 15 respondents are Female, so it means that almost Female
are owned and manage business than Male.
Data Collection Tools
Five-question semi-structured interview form was used as the data

collection instrument. The opinions of four experts were obtained about
the drafted form by reviewing the relevant literature, and a pilot
implementation was made with two participants who had the
characteristics of the study group. Since there was face-to-face
meeting during the form-filling process, participants were interviewed
individually. The purpose of the research and their expectations were
explained in detail, and data was collected. Detailed explanations and
examples were requested where necessary.
Data Analysis
The thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data obtained
through the semi-structured interview form. Thematic analysis is a
method that includes the stages of defining, analyzing, and presenting
themes based on qualitative data (Braun and Clarke, 2006). During the
thematic analysis process, the data was coded by researchers who is an
expert in qualitative research methods. For the reliability of the
analysis of the interview data, we conduct an interview to the
respondents. We prepared five questions to make them easy to answer
those five questions. And we didn’t push them to answer very well just
their personal experience and their own opinion only. By using the
reliability formula, we say that this study was true and correct.
Participant opinions on the effects of student absenteeism and current

policies are presented based on themes and categories in accordance with
the data collection tool.
Data Gathering Procedure
We interviewed 15 Selected Entreprenuers and here are their opinion and

response to our given questions regarding on the effects of
Globalization were investigated like what the factors are affecting
globalization.
18 | P a g e
Research Question Response of the Respondents
R1 - Lack of profit.
R2 – The customer did’t get what they sew

1. What is the
causing us to lose our business.
biggest challenge
you have faced in R3 – We haven’t had any problems yet
your business? because our business is new.
R4 – When our pandesal merchandise is not
sold out which caused a small profit.
R5 – The prodects in the market are
expensive so I can only buy a few for my
restaurant.
R6 – When the students don’t have school,
my goods or cooked dishes in my restaurants
don’t run out.
R7 – Only count those who use or rent
computers because most of them have
gadgets, not like before which was really
crowded here.
R8 – When our warehouse was flooded, our
goods got wet and could no longer be used
oe sell.
R9 – The people who owe money to our store
do not pay which gives me lot of stress
because there in no income and no purchase
of goods.
R10 – Only few people use in my computer
shop because people already have
cellphones.
R11 – When there are vegetables or friuts
that cannot be bought immediately and rot
due to losses
R12 – the ingredients for making bread are
expensive so we can only make a small
amount of bread.
R13 – Income or sales are low whwn students
are off school and our cooked fod is nt
consumed immediately.
R14 – When new items arrive that are
damaged or poor of quality, they cannot be
sold and cannot be used anymore.
R15 – When there are vegetables or friuts
that cannot be bought immediately and rot
due to losses
Figure 2. Questions and response of the respondents in number 1

question.
As figure 1 demonstrates, the opinion of the respondents in question

number 1. Its shows that all of them have different answer regarding to
19 | P a g e
the question given. Mostly of them answered that because of the problems
that they encountered or experienced, they may go bankrupt or lose their
income.
R1 – Globalization affects the rise and

fall of commodity prices in the market due
to changes in the price of products.
2. How does
R2 – It is easier to get materials from
globalization suppliers to make or sew clothes because
affects your daily they can be easily contacted through social
life? media.
R3 – The prices of the big stores that

sources of goods are not the same so the
price of the products that we sell are
fluctuates.
R4 – The ingredients for making bread like
flour and sugar are getting expensive so
the bakery’s income also decrease.
R5 – Although the ingredients or goods are
expensive, there are still customers who
enjoy and love our food service.
R6 – Our customers are becoming close to us
and we have many repeat customers in our
restaurant.
R7 – Worried because there are almost no
customers who rent computers and there are
only few of them and also electricity bill
and internet fee are expensive.
R8 – The prices of the big stores that
sources of goods are not the same so the
price of the products that we sell are
fluctuates.
R9 – Globalization affects the rise and
fall of commodity prices in the market due
to changes in the price of products.
R10 – Worried because there are almost no
customers who rent computers and there are
only few of them and also electricity bill
and internet fee are expensive.
R11 – Athough the prices of goods are
expensive, we still have many consumers who
buy because they prefer vegetables to eat
and they can buy it retail.
R12 – The ingredients for making bread like
flour and sugar are getting expensive so
the bakery’s income also decrease.
R13 – Although the ingredients or goods are
expensive, there are still customers who
enjoy and love our food service.
R14 – Many people enjoy Ukay- ukay clothes
20 | P a g e
because these clothes are cheaper but
durable than brand new clothes.
R15 – Athough the prices of goods are
expensive, we still have many consumers who
buy because they prefer vegetables to eat
and they can buy it retail.

question.
As figure 2 shows the different answers of the respondents in question
number 2 that how does globalization affects your daily life?
All of them have a good answer to our question in number 2. Most of them
said that the goods are expensive now but there are still many buyers or
costumers in their business. Some also said that their trade became
easier and they became closer to customers.
R1 – At least 7, 000 pesos a month, No.
3. How much do
you earn from your R2 – Also reaches 10, 000 pesos per month,
business a month? No because there are four of us studying
Is it enough to and the income from sewing is not enough.
your daily R3 – Less than 10, 000 pesos a month, No.
expences? Yes or
No? R4 – Reaches 30, 000 pesos a month, No
because there are also employees who need
to be paid.
R5 - Reaching 10, 000 pesos per month, No
because I have children who are still
studying.
R6 – more than 15, 000 pesos a month, Yes.
R8 – More than 12, 000 pesos a month, Yes.
R9 – More than 10, 000 a month, Yes.
R11 – Atleast 10, 000 pesos a month, No.
R12 – More than 15, 000 per month, No.
R13 – More than 10, 000 pesos a month, No.
21 | P a g e
R14 – Atleast 10, 000 a month, No.
R15 – Atleast 10, 000 pesos a month, No.

question.
number 3, how much do you earn from your business a month? Is it enough
to your daily expences? Yes or No?
All of them have different answer in question numbr 3, 12 out of 15

respondent says that they income monthly didn’t enough for their daily
expences, and 3 out of 15 respondents says that they income monthly was
enough for their daily expences.
R1 – Yes, because it will be easier or

closer to the source of the product sold in
4. Has our store.
globalization R2 – Yes, through communication with our
helped you as an sources of sewing materials is much easier.
entrepreneur? If
yes, in what way? R3 – Yes, by means of getting updated on
many things around.
R4 – Yes, with the help of machines our
work is made easier and finished easily.
R5 - Yes, through social media I learn new
knowlwdge, for example watching people cook
and I can apply it to my business.
R6 – Yes, I gained self- confidence,
because before I was afraid to into
business and I thought it might be lose,
but I just tried until it grew and people
like it.
R7 – Yes, because of technology I had a
computer shop, but when people got
cellphones my business waned.
our store.
our store.
R10 – Yes, because of technology I had a
computer shop, but when people got
cellphones my business waned.
22 | P a g e
R11 – Yes, the market is closer where I get
supplies of vegetables to sell.
R12 – Yes, with the help of machines our
work is made easier and finished easily.
R13 – Yes, I give satisfaction to the
customers who eat at out restaurant.
R14 – Yes, by means of getting updated on
many things around.
R15 – Yes, the market is closer where I get
supplies of vegetables to sell.

question.

number 4 that has globalization helped you as an entrepreneur? If yes,
in what way?
All of them have a good answer to our question in number 4, and all of
the respondents says yes.
R1 – The positive effects is during school

days many customers due to students while
5. What are you the negative effects is increase
the positive and enterprises so many competitors.
negative R2 – The positive effeft is easier to get
effects/impacts of materials from suppliers to make or sew
globalization to clothes because they can be easily
you as an contacted through social media while the
entreprenuer? negative effects is many competitors and
sometimes no one sews clothes.
R3 – The positive effects is everything
that customer’s needs is in our store and
the negative effects is many competitors.
R4 – The positive effects is we gave
satistaftion to them because our product
(pandesal) is different in others while the
negative effects is the raw products in
making pandesal is very expensive now.
R5 - The positive effects is we gave
satistaftion to our customers while the
negative effects is the raw ingredients in
cooking is expensive now.
23 | P a g e
R7 – The positive effects is I have learned
more knowledge because of technology while
the negative effects is there is no
customers who rents a computer because
almost people then have gadgets.
the negative effects is increase
enterprises so many competitors.
the negative effects is increase
enterprises so many competitors.
R10 – – The positive effects is I have
learned more knowledge because of
technology while the negative effects is
there is no customers who rents a computer
because almost people then have gadgets.
R11 – The positive effects is the source of
goods is nearby and the negative effects is
many competitors in business.
satistaftion to the customers while the
negative effects is the raw products in
making bread is very expensive today.
R14 – The positive effect is there are more
people who enjoy ukay-ukay clothes because
apart from being cheap, they are durable
while the negative effects is many
competitors in business.
R15 – The positive effects is the source of
goods is nearby and the negative effects is
many competitors in business.

question.
number 5, what are you the positive and negative effects/impacts of
globalization to you as an entreprenuer?
Most of them says that globalization helped them in different ways and
the negative impact is there are many competitors in their business and
goods or products are very expensive today.
Statistical Data Treatment
24 | P a g e
It shows the reasons or factors that affects the Globalization in Small
Businesses in Selected Entreprenuer in Barangay Odiong, Roxas, Oriental
Mindoro.
40
Series
35
Expenses and Competition
30
Political
25
Economy
20
-
Technology
15
Figure 7. Shows the factors that affects Globalization.
Production Issues
10
5
0
CHAPTER 4
Summary of Findings
Using a unique administrative longitudinal dataset on entreprenuers,

this article investigates whether the association between globalization
and small bususinesses varies according to the factors affecting
globalization to them as entreprenuer.
Understanding Globalization
Corporations gain a competitive advantage on multiple fronts through

globalization. They can reduce operating costs by manufacturing abroad,
buy raw materials more cheaply because of the reduction or removal
of tariffs, and most of all, they gain access to millions of new
consumers.
Globalization is a social, cultural, political, and legal phenomenon.
 Socially, it leads to greater interaction among various

populations.
 Culturally, globalization represents the exchange of ideas, values,
and artistic expression among cultures.
 Globalization also represents a trend toward the development of a
single world culture.
25 | P a g e
 Politically, globalization has shifted attention to
intergovernmental organizations like the United Nations (UN) and
the World Trade Organization (WTO).
 Legally, globalization has altered how international law is created
and enforced.
On one hand, globalization has created new jobs and economic growth
through the cross-border flow of goods, capital, and labor. On the other
hand, this growth and job creation are not distributed evenly across
industries or countries.
Specific industries in certain countries, such as textile manufacturing

in the U.S. or corn farming in Mexico, have suffered severe disruption
or outright collapse as a result of increased international competition.
Globalization's motives are idealistic, as well as opportunistic, but

the development of a global free market has benefited large corporations
based in the Western world. Its impact remains mixed for workers,
cultures, and small businesses around the globe, in both developed
and emerging nations.
The History of Globalization
Globalization is not a new concept. Traders traveled vast distances in

ancient times to buy commodities that were rare and expensive for sale
in their homelands. The Industrial Revolution brought advances in
transportation and communication in the 19th century that eased trade
across borders.
The think tank, Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE),

states globalization stalled after World War I, and nations' moved
toward protectionism as they launched import taxes to more closely guard
their industries in the aftermath of the conflict. This trend continued
through the Great Depression and World War II until the U.S. took on an
instrumental role in reviving international trade.
Pros and Cons of Globalization
Pros
- A larger market for goods and services
- Cheaper consumer prices
- Outsourcing can benefit both domestic firms and foreign labor
- Increased standard of living
26 | P a g e
Cons
- Concentrates wealth in richer countries
- Some poorer countries can be left behind
- Poorer countries can be exploited of their labor and physical &

intellectual resources
- Cultures and the products consumed around the world can become
homogenized
Pros
Proponents of globalization believe it allows developing countries to

catch up to industrialized nations through increased manufacturing,
diversification, economic expansion, and improvements in standards of
living.
Outsourcing by companies brings jobs and technology to developing

countries, which helps them to grow their economies. Trade initiatives
increase cross-border trading by removing supply-side and trade-related
constraints.
Globalization has advanced social justice on an international scale as

well, and advocates report that it has focused attention on human rights
worldwide that might have otherwise been ignored on a large scale.
Cons
One clear result of globalization is that an economic downturn in one

country can create a domino effect through its trade partners. For
example, the 2008 financial crisis had a severe impact on Portugal,
Ireland, Greece, and Spain. All these countries were members of
the European Union, which had to step in to bail out debt-laden nations,
which were thereafter known by the acronym PIIGS.
Globalization detractors argue that it has created a concentration of

wealth and power in the hands of a small corporate elite that can gobble
up smaller competitors around the globe.
Globalization has become a polarizing issue in the U.S. with the

disappearance of entire industries to new locations abroad. It's seen as
a major factor in the economic squeeze on the middle class.
For better and worse, globalization has also increased homogenization.

Starbucks, Nike, and Gap dominate commercial space in many nations. The
sheer size and reach of the U.S. have made the cultural exchange among
nations largely a one-sided affair.
Is Globalization Good or Bad?
27 | P a g e
It depends. Proponents of globalization will point to the dramatic
decline in poverty that has taken place throughout the world over the
past several decades, which many economists attribute in part to
increased trade and investment between nations. Similarly, they will
argue that globalization has allowed products and services such as
cellphones, airplanes, and information technology to be spread far more
widely throughout the world. On the other hand, critics of globalization
will point to the negative impact it has had on specific nations’
industries, which might face increased competition from international
firms. Globalization can also have negative environmental impacts due to
economic development, industrialization, and international travel.
How Does Globalization Impact Society?
Globalization has had a large impact on societies around the world,

leading to massive migrations from rural to industrial or urban areas,
leading to the rapid growth of cities and trade hubs. While this has led
to an overall increase in incomes and a higher standard of living in
general, it has also led to problems of urbanization including crime,
domestic violence, homelessness, and poverty. Concepts of national
identity, culture, and consumption patterns also change as goods from
around the world become increasingly available and at low prices. The
competitiveness of global capitalism may also lead to more
individualistic ideals that contradict the cultural orientations of
certain, more collectivist societies.
Chapter 5
Conclusion
In conclusion, the current study provides further evidence that more

detailed attendance awareness is needed. Today, the word international
company is quite a common phenomenon, which reflects actual business
transactions and large expanses between a number of people from
different cultures and with different approaches. What unites them in
the complex network of relationships is the need of development, rapid
exchange of resources and tools and integrated cooperation, which should
contribute to ensuring cooperation and ensure the transfer of capital.
Can be concluded that today's decisions for crossing domestic borders
and internationalize the business is a prerequisite for serious growth
and development of a business entity. As such, he is always searching
and analysis of potential areas where the company from small or medium
business entity would become a corporate organization striving to
constantly expanding and increasing its own portfolio. To make a
decision to invest outside of the own borders is a complex and
comprehensive process. This process is achieved through several stages
and approaches that contain a longterm comprehensive analysis and
scanning newly elected investment location.
28 | P a g e
Recommendation
In essence, globalization is about the world becoming increasingly
interconnected. Countries today are more connected than ever before, due
to factors such as air travel, containerized sea shipping, international
trade agreements and legal treaties, and the Internet. In the world of
business, globalization is associated with trends such as outsourcing,
free trade, and international supply chains. Globalization is important
as it increases the size of the global market, and allows more and
different goods to be produced and sold for cheaper prices.
Globalization is also important because it is one of the most powerful

forces affecting the modern world, so much so that it can be difficult
to make sense of the world without understanding globalization. For
example, many of the largest and most successful corporations in the
world are in effect truly multinational organizations, with offices and
supply chains stretched right across the world. These companies would
not be able to exist if not for the complex network of trade routes,
international legal agreements, and telecommunications infrastructure
that were made possible through globalization. Important political
developments, such as the ongoing trade conflict between the United
States and China, are also directly related to globalization.
References
Ansoff, H. I. 1984. Implementing Strategic Management. Prentice-Hall

International, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Ball, A. D., Wendell, H., McCulloch, Jr., Frantz, L. P., Geringer, J.

M., Minor, S. M. 2001. International Business – The Challenge of Global
Competition. International Edition, McGraw-Hill.
Bartels, L. F., Buckley P., Mariano G. 2009. Multinational Enterprises’

Foreign Direct Investment Location Decisions within The Global Factory.
UNIDO, Vienna.
Cavusgil, T. S., Yeniyurt, S., Townsend, J. 2004. “The Framework of a

Global Company: A Conceptualization and Preliminary Validation”.
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Cavusgil, T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. 2008. International Business:

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THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION IN SMALL BUSINESSES IN

SELECTED ENTREPRENUER IN BARANGAY ODIONG, ROXAS,

We have adhered to School policy regarding academic honesty in

SUBMITTED TO MRS. CLARA ALPHA R. MONTESA ON BEHALF OF THE FACULTY OF THE

Background of the Study

Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have

Small business is defined as a privately owned corporation, partnership,

The U.S. Small Business Administration defines a small business

Small businesses in many countries include service or retail operations

Additionally, globalization has made it easier for companies to access

Here in Barangay Odiong, Roxas, Oriental Mindoro. Many entrepreneurs own

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the Effects of Globalization in

1.Factors affecting Globalization among entrepreneurs in terms of;

1.4 Production Issues

1.5 Expenses and Competition

2.Types of Small Businesses in terms of;

2.3 Computer Shops

3.Is there a significant relationship between Globalization and Small

4. Is there a significant difference between Globalization and Small

Statement of the Hypothesis

In this study the following hypothesis will be tested.

1.There is no significant relationship between Globalization and Small

2. There is no significant difference between Globalization and Small

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study will be focused on determining the relationship and

This study will be limited to 15 Selected Small Business Store

Significance of the Study

Determining the relationship and difference between Globalization

Parents. An entrepreneur parent provides strong inspiration at an early

Students. Entrepreneurship is a sensible and effective way for students

Teachers. Teachers seek to convey to their students the interest in the

Bakery. A bakery is an establishment that produces and sells flour-based

Business. A business is defined as an organization or enterprising

Computer Shops. A computer shop is a business establishment that

Convinient Stores. A retail business that provides the public with a

Economy. An economy encompasses all of the activities related to the

Expenses. An expense is the cost of operations that a company incurs to

Competition. Competition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive

Globalization. A term used to describe how trade and technology have

Political. Politics is the way that people living in groups make

Production Issues. This is a problem that is discovered in the

Small Businesses. A business which functions on a small scale level

Tailoring Shop. A portion of a building where the business of individual

Technology. Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge for

Gender: Identify and

Figure 1: The Researcher Paradigm on the Study

Globalization has drastically altered the business landscape, breaking

Access to New Markets and Customers

One of the most significant impacts of globalization on entrepreneurship

Increased Competition and Market Saturation

Another impact of globalization on entrepreneurship is the increase in

The Role of Technology and Innovation

Technology and innovation play a critical role in the impact of

Additionally, innovations in areas such as AI, machine learning,

Cultural Differences and the Challenges of Global Expansion

Cultural differences play a significant role in the impact of

For example, business practices that are considered acceptable in one

Additionally, cultural differences can impact the way a business is

The Impact of Economic Instability and Globalization on Small Companies

Economic instability and globalization can have a profound impact on

For example, changes in currency exchange rates or trade policies can

Additionally, small companies may struggle to compete with larger,