S O L I D M E N S U R A T I O N 11

FINAL REQUIREMENT

INTRODUCTION OF POINTS, LINES, AND ANGLES ➢ four or more points that do not lie
on the same plane
• Point
• Parallel Lines
➢ a location in a space; it indicates
➢ two lines in a plane (or two planes)
position. It occupies no space of its
that do not intersect.
own, and it has no dimension of its
• Skew Lines
own.
➢ noncoplanar lines that never
• Line
intersect
➢ a set of continuous points infinitely
➢ travel dissimilar paths on separate
extending in opposite directions. It
planes.
has infinite length, but no depth or
• Angle
width.
➢ plane figure formed by two rays that
➢ ⃡𝐴𝐵
share a common endpoint (vertex)
• Ray
• Adjacent Angle
➢ part of a line that begins at a point
➢ two angles that have a common
and extends infinitely far in one
vertex and a common side between
direction.
them
➢ 𝐴𝐵
• Angle Bisector
• Line Segment
➢ a ray that divides an angle into two
➢ part of a line with two endpoints.
equal angles.
➢ measurable or has an exact length
̅̅̅̅ • Complementary Angle
➢ 𝐴𝐵
• Collinear Points ➢ two angles whose sum of measures

➢ points that lie on the same line. is 90 degrees.

• Non-Collinear Points • Supplementary Angle

➢ 3 or ore points that do not lie on the ➢ two angles whose sum of measures

same line. is 180 degrees.

• Midpoint • Vertical Angle

➢ point on a line segment ➢ non adjacent angles that are formed

➢ separates the line by the intersection of two lines

➢ segment into two congruent parts ➢ angles are equal in measure.

• Intersecting Lines PLANE FIGURE PROBLEMS

➢ two or more different lines that
1. A window glass is 4 ft 2 in by 2ft 10 in. Find its
meet at the same point (point of
area.
intersection)
• Transversal Line 4 𝑓𝑡 =
12 𝑖𝑛
2 𝑓𝑡 =
12 𝑖𝑛
1 1
➢ a line that cuts across two or more
lines. 𝑊 = 48 𝑖𝑛 + 2 𝑖𝑛 𝐿 = 24 𝑖𝑛 + 10 𝑖𝑛
• Coplanar Points 𝑊 = 50𝑖𝑛 𝐿 = 34 𝑖𝑛
➢ points that lie in the same plane.
𝐴 = 𝐿𝑊
• Non-Coplanar Points
 S O L I D M E N S U R A T I O N 11
FINAL REQUIREMENT

𝐴 = (50 𝑖𝑛)(34 𝑖𝑛) SOLIDS

𝐴 = 1700 𝑖𝑛2 ➢ any limited portion of space, bounded by

surfaces
2. Find the area of the largest circle which can be
➢ 3D objects (width, height, length)
cut from a square of edge 4 in.

𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 = 16 𝑖𝑛2 Types of Solids

𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 𝜋(2)2

𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 = 12.57 𝑖𝑛2

𝐴 𝑜𝑓 (𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 − 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒) = 3.43 𝑖𝑛2

3. A garden lot is to contain 200 square ft. If its

length is to be twice its width, what should its
dimensions be.

200 𝑓𝑡 2 = 2𝑤 · 𝑤

200 = 2𝑤 2

100 = 𝑤 2

𝑤 = 10

Garden lot = 10 ft x 20 ft

4. A storage in with circular base has 324 square ft

of floor space. Find the radius of the floor.

324 𝑓𝑡 2 = 𝜋𝑟 2
324 𝑓𝑡 2 𝜋𝑟 2 Parts of Solids:
=
𝜋 𝜋
• Edges are the intersection of the bounding
103.13 = 𝑟^2 planes.
𝑟 = 10.16 𝑓𝑡
• Faces are portions of the bounding planes
5. included by the edges.

6
• Vertices are the intersection of the edges.

• Diagonals are any straight lines joining any

90 two vertices not in the same face.
𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = · 𝜋(6)2
360
• Section - plane figure formed by the
𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 28.28 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠2
intersection of a plane and a solid.
1
𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 28.28 · (6)(6)
2

𝐴 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑔𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 10.28 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠2

 S O L I D M E N S U R A T I O N 11
FINAL REQUIREMENT

2. Opposite faces of the rectangular

• Right Section section of the solid that is
perpendicular to one of its lateral edges.
• Volume of a solid is the amount of space it
occupies.
parallelepiped = congruent rectangles
3. Two opposite faces of the parallelepiped =
faces
4. Other four faces = lateral faces
5. Perpendicular to a base from any point of
the other base = altitude
6. Parallel edges are equal
7. Every section made by a plane parallel to
the base is equal in area to that of the base
8. Line segment joining vertices of
parallelepiped which do not lie on the same
face = diagonal
Formulas: (a = width; b = length; c = height)

• Surface Area is the area of a three- Lateral Area (sum of the area of the lateral faces):
dimensional surface.
L = 2ab + 2bc
• Lateral Area areas of the lateral or side
Total Area (lateral area + area of the bases):
surfaces.
T = L + 2ac
• Total Surface area includes both the lateral
area and the area of the bases. T = 2ab + 2bc + 2ac

RECTANGULAR PARALLELPIPED Volume:

➢ rectangular solid V = abc

➢ solid bounded by six rectangular plane
Diagonal:
surfaces (faces of the parallelepiped)
➢ sides (edges) 𝐃 = √𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐
➢ vertices (vertices of the parallelepiped)
𝐃 = √𝒃𝟐 + 𝒅𝟐
Characteristics:
𝒅𝟐 = 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐

Example:

1. The lateral area of a rectangular parallelepiped is

16 square meters. If the base is 4 meters long and 8
meters wide, find the altitude and volume of the
parallelepiped.
1. Three edges meeting at a vertex are
16 = 2ac + 2bc V = abc
perpendicular to each other (dimensions of
the parallelepiped) 16 = 2(4)c + 2(8)c V = (4)(8)(2/3)
 S O L I D M E N S U R A T I O N 11
FINAL REQUIREMENT

16 = 24c V = 21.3 cubic meter 𝐃 = √𝟑𝒆𝟐

c = 2/3 m 𝐃 = √𝟑𝒆

2. A storage room has a rectangular floor 76 ft. by Example:

42 ft. The walls are vertical and 20 ft. high. If there
1. Find the volume and total area of the largest
are no windows, find the total area of the ceiling,
cube of wood that can be cut from a log of circular
walls, and floor. Also find the storage space of the
cross section whose radius is 10 cm.
room.
𝑒 = √100 + 100
T = 2(42)(76) + 2(76)(20) + 2(42)(20) = 1,680 sq. ft
𝑒 = √200
V = (42)(76)(20) = 63,840 cubic ft
V = 2,827.15 cubic cm
CUBE
T = 1,199.64 square cm
➢ a rectangular parallelepiped whose six faces
are equal squares 2. Counting 38 cu. ft. of coal to a ton, how many
tons will a coal bin 19 ft. long, 6 ft. wide, and 9 ft.
Characteristics:
deep, when level full?

V = (19)(6)(9) = 1026 cubic ft

No. of tons = 1026/38 = 27 tons

PRISM

➢ a polyhedron (solid bounded by planes)

1. All the edges of a cube are equal. The length ➢ with two opposite faces which are polygons
of each edges is represented by 𝒆 of the same size and shape and parallel to
2. The six faces of a cube = congruent squares. each other = bases
➢ if lateral faces are rectangles = right prism
Formulas:
➢ if lateral faces are parallelograms = oblique
Lateral Area (sum of the area of the lateral faces): prism (lateral faces will be at right angles to
the bases)
L = 4e2
Kinds of Prism
Total Area (sum of the areas of the faces of the
cube): • Triangular prism - bases are triangles.
• Quadrangular prism - bases are
T= 6e2
quadrilaterals.
Volume: • Pentagonal prism - with pentagon as its
bases.
V = e3
• Right prism - lateral edges are
Diagonal: perpendicular to the bases.
• Oblique prism - with oblique lateral
𝐃 = √𝒆𝟐 + 𝒆𝟐 + 𝒆𝟐
 S O L I D M E N S U R A T I O N 11
FINAL REQUIREMENT

edges to the bases. T = 2B + L

• Regular prism - a right prism whose bases
T = 2B + Ph
are regular polygons.
Volume:

V = Bh

Examples:

1. A trough whose ends are

isosceles trapezoids is 8
Characteristics: meter long, 3 meters wide
at the top, 1.5 meters wide at the bottom, and 2
1. Bases = equal polygons; lateral area = sum meters deep is to be filled with oil. Find the mass of
of the areas of the remaining faces. the oil inside of the density is 0.8 gm/cm^3
2. Lateral edges = intersection of the lateral
faces; equal and parallel. 𝑉 = 𝐵ℎ
3. Altitude of a prism = perpendicular distance 1
𝑉 = (𝑎 + 𝑏)ℎ ⦁ 𝐻
between the plane of its bases 2
4. A right section of a prism is a section 1
𝑉 = (300 + 150)(200)(800)
perpendicular to the lateral edges. 2
5. Lateral faces of right prism = rectangles. Its 𝑉 = 36,000,000 𝑐𝑚3
lateral edges are perpendicular to the bases.
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = (𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒)(𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦)
Properties:
𝑚 = (36,000,000)(0.8)
1. The lateral edges of a prism are parallel and
𝑚 = 28,000,000 𝑔
equal.
2. The lateral faces of a prism are enclosed by
parallelograms.
3. The bases of a prism are enclosed by
congruent polygons.
4. Sections of a prims by planes parallel to the
base are congruent to the base.
5. All right sections of a prism are congruent.

Formulas: (P = perimeter of the base; h = altitude;

B = area of the base)

Lateral Area:

L = Ph