Lab Record File

of

R Programming
(CSF341)

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING

Session
2023-2024
5th Sem 3rd
year

Submitted to: - Submitted by: -

Dr. Somil Kumar Gupta Name: Dherendra Singh
Assistant Professor Roll No: 210102354
(School of Computing) Sap ID:
1000016569
(Section: B - P1)

SCHOOL OF
COMPUTING
DIT
UNIVERSITY,
DEHRADUN
(State Private University through State Legislature Act No. 10 of 2013 of Uttarakhand
and approved by UGC)
Mussoorie Diversion Road, Dehradun, Uttarakhand - 248009, India.

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Experiment 1: Write a R program to explain basic syntax.

Code:

# Comments are preceded by the '#' symbol and are ignored by the interpreter

# Assigning values to variables

x <- 10
y <- 5

# Performing arithmetic operations

sum_result <- x + y
diff_result <- x - y
product_result <- x * y
quotient_result <- x / y

# Printing results
cat("Sum:", sum_result, "\n")
cat("Difference:", diff_result, "\n")
cat("Product:", product_result, "\n")
cat("Quotient:", quotient_result, "\n")

# Conditional statements
if (x > y) {
cat("x is greater than y\n")
} else if (x < y) {
cat("x is less than y\n")
} else {
cat("x is equal to y\n")
}

# Loops
for (i in 1:5) {
cat("Iteration:", i, "\n")
}

# Functions
calculate_square <- function(num) {
return(num^2)
}

# Using a function
result <- calculate_square(4)
cat("Square of 4:", result, "\n")

Output:

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)
Experiment 2: Write a R program using statements. (If Statement, Else If, If Else, Nested If Statements,
Switch statement, Next statement, Break statement).

Code:

# If Statement
x <- 10
if (x > 0) {
cat("x is positive.\n")
}

# If Else Statement
y <- -5
if (y > 0) {
cat("y is positive.\n")
} else {
cat("y is non-positive.\n")
}

# Else If Statement
z <- 0
if (z > 0) {
cat("z is positive.\n")
} else if (z < 0) {
cat("z is negative.\n")
} else {
cat("z is zero.\n")
}

# Nested If Statements
a <- 15
b <- 10
if (a > 0) {
if (b > 0) {
cat("Both a and b are positive.\n")
} else {
cat("Only a is positive.\n")
}
} else {
cat("Both a and b are non-positive.\n")
}

# Switch Statement
day <- "Monday"
switch(day,
"Monday" = cat("It's the start of the week.\n"),
"Friday" = cat("It's almost the weekend!\n"),
cat("It's a regular day.\n")
)

# Next Statement

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

for (i in 1:5) {
if (i == 3) {
next # Skip the rest of the loop body for i == 3
}
cat("Iteration:", i, "\n")
}

# Break Statement
for (i in 1:5) {
if (i == 3) {
break # Exit the loop when i == 3
}
cat("Iteration:", i, "\n")
}

Output:

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Experiment 3: Write a R program using loops. (For, while and repeat loops)

Code:

# For Loop
cat("For Loop:\n")
for (i in 1:5) {
cat("Iteration:", i, "\n")
}

# While Loop cat("\

nWhile Loop:\n") j <-
1
while (j <= 5) {
cat("Iteration:", j, "\n")
j <- j + 1
}

# Repeat Loop with Break

cat("\nRepeat Loop:\n")
k <- 1
repeat {
cat("Iteration:", k, "\n")
k <- k + 1
if (k > 5) {
break # Exit the loop when k is greater than 5
}
}

Output:

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Experiment 4: Write a R program using user defined and built-in functions.

Code:
# User-defined function
calculate_square <- function(num) {
result <- num^2
return(result)
}

# Built-in function
x <- 5
sqrt_result <- sqrt(x)

# Print the square of a number using the user-defined function

cat("Square of", x, "using user-defined function:", calculate_square(x), "\n")

# Print the square root of a number using the built-in function

cat("Square root of", x, "using built-in function:", sqrt_result, "\n")

# Combining user-defined and built-in functions

sum_of_squares <- function(a, b) {
square_of_a <- calculate_square(a)
square_of_b <- calculate_square(b)
return(square_of_a + square_of_b)
}

# Using the combined function

result <- sum_of_squares(3, 4)
cat("Sum of squares of 3 and 4:", result, "\n")

Output:

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Experiment 5: Write a R program for the implementation of data structures (Vectors, Lists,
Matrices).

Code:

# Vectors
numeric_vector <- c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
character_vector <- c("apple", "banana", "orange")
logical_vector <- c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)

# Print vectors
print("Numeric Vector:")
print(numeric_vector)

print("Character Vector:")
print(character_vector)

print("Logical Vector:")
print(logical_vector)

# Lists
my_list <- list(
numbers = numeric_vector,
fruits = character_vector,
flags = logical_vector
)

# Print list
print("List:")
print(my_list)

# Access elements in the list

print("Accessing elements in the list:")
print("Numbers:")
print(my_list$numbers)

# Matrices
my_matrix <- matrix(1:9, nrow = 3, ncol = 3)

# Print matrix
print("Matrix:")
print(my_matrix)

# Access elements in the matrix

print("Accessing elements in the matrix:")
print("Element in row 2, column 3:")
print(my_matrix[2, 3])

# Modify elements in the matrix

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

print("Modifying elements in the matrix:")
my_matrix[2, 3] <- 99
print(my_matrix)

Output:

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Experiment 6: Write a R program for the implementation of data structures (Arrays, Data
frames, Factors).
Code:

# Arrays
my_array <- array(1:12, dim = c(2, 3, 2))

# Print array
print("Array:")
print(my_array)

# Access elements in the array

print("Accessing elements in the array:")
print("Element in position (1, 2, 2):")
print(my_array[1, 2, 2])

# Data Frames
name <- c("John", "Jane", "Bob")
age <- c(25, 30, 22)
city <- c("New York", "Los Angeles", "Chicago")

# Create data frame

my_data_frame <- data.frame(Name = name, Age = age, City = city)

# Print data frame

print("Data Frame:")
print(my_data_frame)

# Access columns in the data frame

print("Accessing columns in the data
frame:") print("Names:")
print(my_data_frame$Name)

# Factors
gender <- c("Male", "Female", "Male")

# Create factor
gender_factor <- factor(gender, levels = c("Male", "Female"))

# Print factor
print("Factor:")
print(gender_factor)

# Access levels in the factor

print("Accessing levels in the factor:")
print(levels(gender_factor))

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Output:

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Experiment 7: Write a R program to import external data from various file formats
Code:

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Experiment 8: Write a R program for the implementation of data statistical functions.
Code:

# Sample data
data <- c(23, 45, 67, 12, 56, 34, 89, 67, 43, 21)

# Mean
mean_value <- mean(data)
print(paste("Mean:", mean_value))

# Median
median_value <- median(data)
print(paste("Median:", median_value))

# Standard Deviation
sd_value <- sd(data)
print(paste("Standard Deviation:", sd_value))

# Variance
var_value <- var(data)
print(paste("Variance:", var_value))

# Sum
sum_value <- sum(data)
print(paste("Sum:", sum_value))

# Minimum and Maximum

min_value <- min(data)
max_value <- max(data)
print(paste("Minimum:", min_value))
print(paste("Maximum:", max_value))

# Quantiles
quantiles <- quantile(data)
print("Quantiles:")
print(quantiles)

# Correlation matrix (example with a matrix)

matrix_data <- matrix(c(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), nrow = 3, ncol = 3)
correlation_matrix <- cor(matrix_data)
print("Correlation Matrix:")
print(correlation_matrix)

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Output:

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Experiment 9: Write a R program for to implement graphics using plot, line, scatterplot.

Code:

# Generate some sample data

x <- 1:10
y1 <- x^2
y2 <- 2 * x

# Create a line plot

plot(x, y1, type = "l", col = "blue", lwd = 2, main = "Line Plot", xlab = "X-axis", ylab = "Y-axis")

# Add a second line to the plot

lines(x, y2, col = "red", lty = 2, lwd = 2)

# Add a legend
legend("topright", legend = c("y = x^2", "y = 2x"), col = c("blue", "red"), lty = c(1, 2), lwd = 2)

# Scatter plot
plot(x, y1, col = "blue", pch = 16, main = "Scatter Plot", xlab = "X-axis", ylab = "Y-axis")

# Add points to the scatter plot

points(x, y2, col = "red", pch = 18)

# Add a legend for the scatter plot

legend("topright", legend = c("y = x^2", "y = 2x"), col = c("blue", "red"), pch = c(16, 18))

# Save the plots to a file (optional)

# dev.copy(png, "plot.png")
# dev.off()

Output:

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)

Experiment 10: Write a R program for to implement graphics using pie charts and bars.
Code:

# Sample data
categories <- c("Category A", "Category B", "Category C", "Category D")
values <- c(30, 20, 15, 35)

# Pie chart
pie(values, labels = categories, main = "Pie Chart", col = rainbow(length(categories)), cex = 0.8)

# Bar chart
barplot(values, names.arg = categories, main = "Bar Chart", col = rainbow(length(categories)), xlab =
"Categories", ylab = "Values")

# Save the plots to a file (optional)

# dev.copy(png, "pie_chart.png")
# dev.off()

# dev.copy(png, "bar_chart.png")
# dev.off()

Output:

Dherendra Singh SAP ID:1000016569 B (P1)