SARDAR PATEL UNIVERSITY

SARDAR PATEL AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF RASA SHASTRA AND BHAISHAJYA KALPANA

MANA PARIBHASHA
(WEIGHTS AND MEASURE)

GUIDED BY:
PRESENTED BY: DR.SUDESH BORA SIR
AKANKSHA LOHIYA DR.SHWETA ZADE MAM
01AY21BAMS1048 DR.ARATHI MAM
2ND YEAR
Mana:
• Mana is defined as the system of measurement, based on
the measures of weight, length, or capacity.

• "मीयते अनेन इतत मानम।"

् (Amarkosha)

• Mana is that through which any material (solid, liquid, or

gas) is measured.
SIGNIFICANCE OF MANA:
1. To study shastra;
2. It is inseparable and most essential in all eight branches
of Ayurveda.
3. Plays a crucial role in quadruples (4 elements)of
treatment;
4. For quantitative assessment of body constituents;
5. To quantify the drugs for all purposes;
6. To fix the dosage etc;
• "न मानेन बिना िुक्ततर्द्रव्याणाां जायते तवचित ्। अतः प्रयोगकायारर्र
मानमत्रोच्यते मया ।।"
(Sa. Pra.
Kha.1/14-15)
• It is said in the classics that the accurate outcome of any treatment
cannot be expected if the dosage of the medicine given is
improper. Therefore, for all purposes (pharmaceutical as well as
therapeutic) the consideration of 'mana' is so essential.

• Because of the greater significance laid upon măna' in the field of

medicine, all classics of Ayurveda explain 'mäna paribhāsā as an
issential topic.
TYPES OF MANA:
DEPENDING ON AREA IN WHICH THE SYSTEMS OF
MEASUREMENTS PREVAILED:

1. MAGADHA MANA (FOLLOWED BY MAHARSHI CHARAKA).

[6 gunja=1 masa (750gms)].
2. KALINGA MANA (FOLLOWED BY MAHARSHI
SUSHRUTA)[8gunja=1masa(1000mg or 1gm)]
In comparision with "Kalinga Mana" and "Magadh Mana"
Acharya Sharangdhar has considered "Magdha Mana" as
Supirior.
DEPENDING ON THE NATURE:

3 TYPES:

1. Pautava Mana ( measures of weight or mass)

2. Druvaya Mana (measures of capacity)
3. Payya Mana (measures of length)
PAUTAVA MANA OF ACHARYA
SHARANGDHARA:
MAGADHA MANA:

1. PARMANU ,TASRENU ,VAMSHI

"त्रसरेणर्
ु ुधैः प्रोक्तस्त्त्रिंशता परमाणभु ैः ।। त्रसरेण् ु तु पर्ाुर्नाम्ना विंशी
ननगद्र्ते ।
जालान्तरगते ानौ र्त्सक्ष् ू मिं दृश्र्ते रजैः ॥ त्र् त्त्र िंशत्तमो ागैः परमाणैःु स
कध्र्ते। जालान्तरगतैः सर् ू ुकरवंशी ववलोक्र्ते ॥"
(Sa. Pra. 1/15-17)
2. MARICI, RAAJIKA, SARSHAPA, YAVA, GUNJA,
MASHA, SHANA and KOLA:

"षड्विंशीभ मुरीच ैः ्र्ात्ताभ ैः षद्भ ्तु रास्तजका। नतस ृ ी रास्तजकाभ श्

सषुपैः
प्रोच्र्ते र्ध
ु ैः ।। र्वोऽष्टसषुपैः प्रोक्तो गञ्
ु जा ्र्ात ् तच् तष्ु टर्म ्। षद्भ ्तु
रस्तक्तकाभ ैः ्र्ान्माषको हेमधान्र्की ।। माषश् तुभ ुैः शाणैः ्र्ाद्धरणैः स
ननगद्र्ते। टङ्कैः स एविं कचित्तद्वर्िं कोल उच्र्ते ।। क्षुद्रको र्टकशव
प्रक्षणैः स
ननगद्र्ते।"
(Sa. Pra. 1/18-21)
3.KARSHA AND ITS SYNONYMS:

• "कोलद्वर्िं कषुैः ्र्ात ्स प्रोक्तैः पाणणमाननका ।। अक्षिं वप ुैः पाणणतलिं

ककस्तञ् त्पाणणश् नतन्दकु म ् । त्र्डालपदकिं व तिा षोडभशका मता । करमध्र्ो
हिंसपदिं सुवणं कवलग्रहैः। उदम्ु र्रिं पर्ाुर्ैः कषु एविं ननगद्र्ते ।।"
(Sa. Pra. 1/21-23)

4. SUKTI AND PALA WITH SYNONYMS:

• "्र्ात्कषाुभ्र्ाभमधुपलिं शुस्तक्तरष्टभमका तिा। शुस्तक्तभ्र्ािं पलिं ज्ञेर्िं मुस्तष्टराप्निं

तचु िुका ।। प्रकुञ् ैः षोडशी त्र्ल्विं पलमेवात्र कीत्र्ुते ||"
(Sa.Pra.1/24-25)
5. PRASRITI , KUDAVA, SHARAVA:

• पलाभ्र्ािं प्रसनृ तज्ञेर्ा प्रसत

ृ श् ननगद्र्ते ।। प्रसनृ तभ्र्ामञ्जभलैः ्र्ात्कुडवोऽधुशरावकैः।
अष्टमानिं स ज्ञेर्ैः कुडवाभ्र्ािं माननका ।। शरावोऽष्टपलिं तद्वज्ज्ज्ञेर्मत्र वव क्षणैः ।
(Sa. Pra. 1/25-27)

6.PRASTHA ,ADHAKA ,DRONA,AND KHARI WITH SYNONYMS:

• शरावाभ्र्ािं वेत्प्र्िश् तैःु प्र्ि्तिाडूकम ् ॥ ाजनिं किंसपात्रिं तैःु षस्तष्टपलिं तत।्
तुभ रु ाढकद्रोणैः कलशो नल्वणोन्मनौ ॥ उन्मानश् घटो राभशद्रोणुपर्ाुर्वा काैः।
द्रोणाभ्र्ािं शपू क
ु ु म् ौ तैःु षस्तष्टशरावकैः । शप ू ाुभ्र्ािं वेद् द्रोणी वाहो गोणी सा
्मत ृ ा । द्रोणी तष्ु टर्िं खारी कचिता सक्ष् ु चधभ ैः ।। तैःु सहस्रपभलका षण्णवत्र्चधका
ू मर्द्
सा। पलानािं द्ववसह्त्रिं ार एकैः प्रकीनतुतैः ।। तुला पलशतिं ज्ञेर्ा सवुत्रवष ननश् र्ैः।
(Sa. Pra. Kha. 1/27-32)
SHARANGADHAR PAUTAVA MANA CHART:

Magadha māna
• Māgadhīya pautava mäna (measures of weight or
mass) is more
• elaborately explained by Acharya Sharngadhara.
• He begins by taking paramanu (atom) as smallest unit
of measurement.
• 30 such atoms will make up one vamshi which is the
first measuring unit of weight.
• One vamshi is the floating dust particle seen in a beam
of light entering a dark room.
THE MEASURING UNITS ARE GIVEN BELOW;
30 PARMANU 1 VAMSHI

6 VAMSHI 1 MARICHA

6 MARICHA 1 RAJIKA

3 RAJIKA 1 SARSHAPA

8 SARSHAPA 1 YAVA

4 YAVA 1 GUNJA
(Ratti/Rakti)125gms
6 GUNJA 1 MASHA
(rajamasa,hema,dha
nyaka) 750gms
4 MASHA 1 SHANA
(Tanka , Dharan)
3gms
2 SHANA 1 KOLA
(Kshudraka,Vataka,drankashana) 6gms
2 KOLA 1 KARSHA,12gm
(pänimānika, akşa, akşapicu, pänitala, kiñcitpāņi,
tinduka, vidālapadaka, şodaśikā, karamadhya, ha
msapada and suvarna)
2 KARSHA 1SHUKTI
(astamika=ashtana)24gms
2 SUKTI 1 PALA 48gms
(mustiramra,chaturtika,prakunca,shoda
shi, and bilva)
2PALA 1 PRASRTI(prasrata, ardhaanjali) 96gms
2 PRASRTI 1 KUDAVA
192 gms (anjali , ardha sharavaka ,ashta
mana=ashtasukti)
2 KUDAVA 1 SHARAVA ( manika) 384gms
2 SHARAVA 1 PRASTHA 786gms
4 PRASTHA 1 ADHAKA
(bhajana and karmsapätra) 3.072 kgs
4 ADHAKA 1 DRONA 12.288kgs
(kalasa,nalvana,unman,ghtha
and rashi)
2 DRONA 1 SHURPA (kumbha) 24.576 kgs

2 SHURPA 1 DRONI (vanhi and goni)

49.152kgs
4 DRONI 1 KHARI
196.608Kgs(4000+96pala)
2000 PALA 1 BHARA 96kgs

100 PALA 1 TULA 4.8Kgs

KALINGA MANA:

र्को द्वादशभ गौरसषुपैः प्रोच्र्ते र्ुधैः। र्वद्वर्ेन गुज्ज्जा ्र्ास्तत्त्रगुञ्जो वल्ल उच्र्ते ॥
माषो गुञ्जाभ रष्टाभ ैः सप्तभ वाु वेत्क्वच त ् ।। ्र्ाच् तम ु ाुषकैः शाणैः स
ननष्कष्टङ्क एव । गद्र्ाणो मार्कैः ष‌भ ैः कषुैः ्र्ाद्दशमाषकैः ।। तुष्कषुैः पलिं
प्रोक्तिं दशशाणभमतिं र्ुधैः । तुष्पलश् कुडविं प्र्िाद्र्ाैः पूवव
ु न्मताैः ।।
(Sa. Pra. Kha.1/39-42)
SHARANGDHAROKTA PAUTAVA MANA CHART:
KALINGA MANA:
12 GAURASARSHAPA 1 YAVA

2 YAVA 1 GUNJA (ratti) 125mgs

3 GUNJA 1 VALLA 375mgs

8 GUNJA 1 MASHA 1000Mgs or 1 gms

(Accordig to some 7 gunja=
1masha)
4MASHA 1 SHANA (nishka , tanka) 4gms

6 MASHA 1 GADHYANA 6gms

10 MASHA 1 KARSHA (10gms)

4 KARSHA 1 PALA (10shana) 40gms

4 PALA 1 KUDAVA 160gms

COMPARISION BETWEEN CHARAKA,
SUSHRUTA,SHARANGDHARAOKTA POTAVA MANA:
All the three authors have dealt with measures of weight as per the
requirement in their time period. There are major similarities and
minor dissimilarities among three groups of units as below;

1. As per Maharshi Sushruta and Sharangadhara 6 rattis (1 ratti = 125

mgs) will be 1 masha (125 mgs x 6 = 750 mgs); and 4 masha will be 1
shana (750 mgs x 4 = 3 gms); Where as in Maharshi Charak's
opinion 8 rattis will be 1 maşha (125 mgs x 8 = 1 gm); and 3 masha
will be 1 shana (1 gm x 3 = 3 gms).
2. As per Maharshi Sushruta and Sharangadhara 16 masha will be
1 karsha (750mgs x 16 = 12 gms); where as in Maharshi Charaka's
opinion 12 maşha will be 1 karşa (1 gm x 12 = 12 gms).

3. In all the three opinions 24 rattis will be 1 shana (125 mgs x 24 =

3 gms).

4. Thus all the above units though seem diverse from each other,
eventually they stand for same metric unit.

5. Maharshi Sushruta's chart of units doesn't contain the smaller

units (earlier to Dhanyamasa) Possibly these smaller units are
missing or such smaller units were not in use during his time
period.
• 6. The smaller units (which are usually not mentioned by authors
earlier to 8th century) perhaps gained significance only with the
evolution of rasousadhis (from 8th century), as the dosage of
these medicines is far lesser in comparison with other herbal
dosage forms.

• 7. Nonetheless Maharshi Charaka and Sharangadhara deal with

the smaller units in detail. Smallest unit of Charaka
is Dhvamshi (a dust particle floating in a beam of light entering a
dark room) and of Sharangadhara is paramanu (an atom).
RASAVAGBHATOKTA PAUTAVA MANA CHART:
6 ANU 1 TRITI 2 NISHKA 1 KOLA
6 TRITI 1 LIKSHA 2 KOLA 1 TOLA
6 LIKSHA 1 YUKA 2 KARSHA 1 SHUKTI
6 YUKA 1 RAJA 2 SHUKTI 1 PALA
6 RAJA 1 SARSHAPA 2 PALA 1 PRASRTA
6 SARSHAPA 1YAVA 2 PRASRTA 1 KUDAVA
6 YAVA 1 GUNJA 2 KUDAVA 1 MANIKA
6 GUNJA 1 NISHPAVA 2 MANIKA 1 PRASTHA
3 GUNJA 1 VALLA 2 PRASTHA 1 SHUBHA
2 VALLA 1 MASHA 2 SHUBHA 1 ADHAKA
2 MASHA 1 DHARANA 4 ADHAKA 1 DRONA
100 PALA 1 TULA
2 DHARANA 1 SHANA
( Nishka,kala)
DRUVAYA MANA:
• Druvaya mana or tarala māna are the measures of capacity. The
smallest unit here is a 'bindu' (drop). One bindu is a drop of liquid
which falls from index finger after it is lifted from water.
• Sharangadhara defines 'bindu' in 'Nasyadhyaya' of Uttara khanda,
as the quantity of sneha dravya which falls soon after lifting the
index finger immersed up to two joint in sneha

• स्नेहे ग्रक्थर्द्वयां यावक्थनमग्ना िोद्धता ततः । तजरनीयां स्त्रवेद्ववथ्ःु सा मा

त्रा बिथ्स ु ांज्ञिता ॥(Sa. U. Kha. 8/39)
Only fewer measuring units of 'druvaya mana' are available in
classics today. Reason for non-availability might be their infrequent
use or perhaps they are missing.

THE ONLY MEASURING UNITS AVAILABLE ARE:

8 BINDU 1 SHANA (Touch stone)

32 BINDU 1 SHUKTI
64 BINDU 1 PANISHUKTI
KUDAVA PATRA A VESSEL MEASURING 4 ANGULA
IN LENGTH BREADTH AND DEPTH
❖Kudava pātra is a vessel made of mud, wood, bamboo or
metal measuring four angula length breadth and depth as
per below reference;

मवृ क्ष
ृ वेणल ु ोहादे ाुण्डिं र्च् तरु ङ्गलम ् ॥ वव्तीणं तिोच् िं
तन्मानिं कुडविं वदे त ् । (Sa. Pra. Kha. 1/35)
PAYYA MANA:
• Linear measures or the 'measures of length', the details of
these measuring units are also found in bits and pieces.

• measuring units are also found in bits n pieces. as the

length of 8 One angula is said to be the basic unit here,
explained yava (barley) brought together in one thread or
placed one besides the other.
 • यवो्रैरङ्गलमष्टसङ्खयैः । (Līlāvati Paribhāṣā 4)
• So 1/8th of angula is one yavodara (0.24 cm) and one angula is 8
yava brought together in a thread.

• THE AVAILABLE UNITS IN THIS CATEGORY ARE:

12 ANGULA 1 VITASTI; 9 inches; 22.86 cm (tips of stretched thumb and little finger)
(Synonym 'baliśa'- द्वा्शङ्गलु प्रमाणां िाललशः)

22 ANGULA 1 ARATNI; 16.5 inches; 41.91 cm (elbow joint and little fingertip)

24 ANGULA 1 HASTA; 18 inches; 45.72 cm (elbow joint and middle fingertip)

1 NRUPAHASTA/ 22 INCHES;55.88 Cms

RAJAHASTA

4 HASTA 1 VYAMA ; 72 inches; 182.88 cms (middle finger tips of both stretched
hands)
KALA MANA:
• Kāla māna, the measuring units of time are mentioned at
different instances in the classics. They may be put
together as below.

• The basic units include nimeșa (closing eyelids) and

unmeşa (opening eyelids) together as one mātrā kāla.
1 KSHANA 4/5th Of a sec; an instant ; a moment
2 KSHANA 1 LAVA ; (1/6th of a Wink)
2 LAVA 1 NIMESHA (Wink i.e 0.73 sec)
3 NIMESHA 1 KASHTHA(1/30th Of kala)
30 KASHTHA 1 KALA ( 2 min 20 sec)
20KALA+3 KASHTHA 1 MUHARATHA (48 mins)
½ OF MUHURATHA 1 GHATI (24 mins)
30 MUHARTHA 1 AHORATRA (24 hours)
1 YAM A/PRAHARA 3 HOURS
15 AHORATRA 1 PAKSHA (15 days)
2 PAKSHA 1 MASA (30 days)
2 MASA 1 RITU (60 days)
3RITU 1 AYANA (6 months)
2 AYANA 1 SAMVATSARA (1 year/ 12 months)
5 SAMVATSARA 1 YUGA ( 5 years)
METRIC SYSTEM:
• The term metric originates from the root word 'metron', which means
'to measure'. Metric system of measurements is the SI units (System
Inter- national units) accepted worldwide in the year 1875.

• This system of measurements is known for the simple conversions,

utmost accurateness and the better flexibility.

• It is a decimal system of measurements based on the meter (39.37

inches) as the unit of length; gram (15.432 grains) as the unit of mass;
and liter as the unit of volume. Some of the familiar and only routinely
in use measuring units are provided below for reader's perusal
IMPERIAL SYSTEM:
• The imperial system of measurement uses ounces and pounds to measure
weight; pint and gallons to measure volume; inches, feet and yards to
measure length.
POSOLOGY:
1.The term posology is derived from the Greek terms 'posos' which
means how much' and the 'logos' that means 'science'.
2.So, posology is a branch of medical science which deals with
'doses' or 'quantity of drugs' which can be administered to
produce the required pharmacological action.
3. The dose of the drug may be defined as the quantity of drug
which is 'enough but not too much.
4.Here the idea is to produce the drugs optimum therapeutic effect
in a particular patient with the lowest possible dose.
THANK YOU