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Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1 What’s Research? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Meaning of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Aim of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.4 Importance of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5 Research concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.6 Nature of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.7 Nature and Inquiry of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.8 Steps of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.9 Approaches in research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.10 Types of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.11 Research design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.12 Characteristics of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
1.13 Scientific Inquiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
1.14 Philosophy of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
1.15 Interdisciplinary research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
1.16 Research and scientific methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
2 Methods of Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
2.1 Basic/Fundamental Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
2.2 Applied research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
2.3 Action research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
2.4 Classification research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
2.5 Comparative research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
2.6 Survey research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.7 Qualitative research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
2.8 Characteristics and Importance of Qualitative Research . . . . . . . . . . 109
2.9 Quantitative research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
2.10 Nature of Quantitative Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
2.11 Historical research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2.12 Descriptive research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2.13 Experimental research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2.14 case study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
2.15 Ethnography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
2.16 Documentary and content analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
2.17 Narrative Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
2.18 Practical research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3 Identification of Research Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

3.1 Selecting the Research problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
3.2 Necessity of defining the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
3.3 Choosing a Topic & Defining a Research Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
3.4 Goals and Criteria for identifying problems for research. . . . . . . . . . . 172
3.5 Research problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
4 Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

4.1 Need for Research design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
4.2 Features of a good design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
4.3 Different research designs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
5 Development of research proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

5.1 Parts of a Research Proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
5.2 Hypotheses & Research Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
5.3 Development of objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
5.4 Characteristics of objectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
5.5 Development of hypotheses and applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
6 Methods of data collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

6.1 Concept of sampling and other concepts related to sampling . . . . . 198
6.2 Probability and non-probability samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
6.3 Tools of data collections, their types, attributes and uses . . . . . . . . 216
6.4 Redesigning research tools- questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
6.5 Redesigning research tools- observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
6.6 Redesigning research tools-interviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
7 Methods of data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
7.1 Analysis of qualitative data based on various tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

7.2 Analysis of quantitative data and it presentation with tables, graphs
etc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
7.3 Statistical tools and techniques of data analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
7.4 measures of central tendency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
7.5 Measures of dispersion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
7.6 Decision making with hypothesis testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
7.7 parametric and non-parametric tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
7.8 Validity and delimitations of research findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
8 Statistical Techniques and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

8.1 Introduction of statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
8.2 SPSS and statistic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
8.3 Measure of Arithmetic mean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
8.4 Measure of Standard deviation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
8.5 Measures of Center and Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
8.6 Measures of Variability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
8.7 Coefficient of variation (Discrete serious and continuous serious) . 297
8.8 Correlation Coefficient & Coefficient of Determination . . . . . . . . . . 297
8.9 Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
8.10 Multiple Regression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
8.11 Sampling distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
8.12 Standard error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
8.13 Confidence Intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
8.14 Concept of point and interval estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
8.15 Tests of Significance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
8.16 Degree of freedom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
8.17 t-Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
8.18 z-distrbution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
8.19 Chi Square . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
8.20 Analysis of variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
8.21 One way ANOVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
9 Interpretation and Report Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

9.1 Significance of report writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
9.2 Scientific Report Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
9.3 Different steps in writing a report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
9.4 Layout of a Research report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
1
9.5 Literature review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

9.6 writing a research paper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

10 Reporting and thesis writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
10.1 Determining Experimental and Sample Designs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
10.2 Primary and Secondary Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
10.3 Null hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
10.4 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
10.5 Research papers for journals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
10.6 Research, Plagiarism, and Thesaurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
10.7 Seminars and Conferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
10.8 Impact factor of a journal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
10.9 Formatting of reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
10.10 APA Style of Referencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
10.11 Thesis writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
10.12 Citation Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
10.13 Chicago Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
10.14 Mendeley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
11 Research Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

11.1 Ethical Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
11.2 Commercialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
11.3 copy right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
11.4 Intellectual Property rights and patent law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
11.5 Citation and Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
1. Introduction
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.1 What’s Research?
1. Which of the following steps of the sci- B. Understanding historical perspective
entific method is exemplified by the re- for an educational topic.
searcher reviewing the literature and fo- C. Understanding the shared beliefs and
cusing on a specific problem that has yet practices of teachers in a school.
to be resolved?
D. Developing a theory grounded in the
A. Identify a topic beliefs of the group being studied.
B. Analyze the collected information
4. Endeavors to explain, predict, and/or con-
C. Describe the procedure to collect infor- trol phenomena are the goal of
mation
A. tradition.
D. State the results of the data analysis
B. inductive logic.
2. Which of the following designs is charac- C. deductive logic.
terized by the researchers’ inability to ac-
tually manipulate an independent variable D. the scientific method.
even though they are often interested in a
5. Which of the following problems is most
causal relationship?
appropriate to a qualitative approach?
A. Descriptive
A. Describing the relationship between
B. Correlational students’ math attitudes and their math
C. Experimental achievement.
D. Causal-comparative B. Identifying the characteristics that dif-
ferentiate students who drop out of high
3. Which of the following studies most likely school from those students who do not
uses quantitative methods? drop out.
A. Comparing test results across groups C. Describing the effect of creating a
to understand the effects of a particular student-centered assessment environ-
instructional approach. ment on students’ achievement.
1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. B
1.1 What’s Research? 3
D. Understanding what it is like to work 10. Which of the following is most aligned
in a school that is changing the decision- with a researcher using quantitative meth-
making process from a top-down, admin- ods?

istratively driven model to a bottom-up, A. Studying a large number of subjects as
teacher driven model. a detached, objective observer.
indexQuestionquestion Which of the fol-
lowing designs studies causal relation- B. Studying an interesting phenomenon
ships? in the context in which it naturally occurs.
E. Descriptive
C. Communicating the results of the
F. Experimental
study in a loosely structured report that
G. Causal-comparative uses informal language.
H. Correlational D. Using a research design that changes
6. This refers to the information or con- as narrative data is collected and ana-
tent from different sources related to the lyzed.
topic. 11. If a researcher (1) identified a topic and a
A. Literature specific educational problem related to it,
B. Methodology (2) carefully described the ways by which
data was collected and analyzed, and (3)
C. References
wrote a report reflecting on this work and
D. Sources its contribution to what is known about
the topic, her work can BEST be described
7. What is a sample in research?
as
A. the whole target population
A. educational research
B. a piece of food you get to try
B. qualitative research
C. an educated guess
C. quantitative research
D. only part of the target population
D. evaluation research
8. Which design would you use to assess the
attitudes of parents, teachers, and stu- 12. An article, book, video, website, or other
dents toward a new disciplinary policy? media from which information is obtained
A. Descriptive A. citation
B. Correlational B. research
C. Experimental C. source
D. Causal-comparative D. plagiarism
9. The application of the scientific method to 13. After studying reinforcement theory, a
the study of educational problems is called teacher hypothesizes that using a tuto-
rial computer program will lead to supe-
A. inductive reasoning rior achievement in language arts. She de-
B. deductive reasoning vices a study in which the tutorial is used
with two sixth-grade classes, whereas
C. grounded theory conventional materials are used with two
D. educational research other sixth-grade classes. This example
5. F 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. C

1.1 What’s Research? 4
of source of knowledge can be classified 18. Experimental designs can be differenti-

as ated most clearly from descriptive, corre-
A. Inductive reasoning lational, or causal-comparative designs on
which of the following characteristics?
B. Deductive reasoning
A. Collecting numerical data
C. Scientific approach
B. A clear intent to establish cause and
D. Personal experience
effect relationships.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
14. What do you call the degree of consistency C. The use of structured designs.
and precision which produces a stable re-
sult of the conducted research? D. The statistical analysis of data.
A. Consistency 19. The results from which of the following de-

B. Reliability signs examining the relationships between
variables SHOULD NOT BE interpreted as
C. Scope
causal?
D. Introduction
A. Descriptive
15. Ms. Turner is thinking about changing her B. Correlational
instructional approach to a more mastery-
learning orientation. She is interested in C. Experimental
knowing more about this topic as well as D. Ethnography
its effectiveness when working with ele-
mentary school students. On which source 20. Ms. Tina has been coordinating the Inde-
should she rely for such information? pendence Day Festival at her school for the
A. Tradition last several years. She wants to be sure
the students and parents enjoy the festi-
B. Research
val again this year. On which source is
C. Personal experience she MOST likely to rely when making de-
D. Intuition cisions about what to do?
A. Tradition
16. The purpose of research is to
A. seek answers to questions B. Personal experience
B. create new theories C. Expert opinions.
C. make discoveries D. Research.

D. none of above 21. If a researcher was studying the use of
17. This refers to a particular procedure or set various instructional approaches to the
of procedures applied in conducting a re- “multiple intelligences” of a class of stu-
search or study. dents, he is likely to be conducting which
type of research?
A. Introduction
A. Basic
B. Review of Related Literature
B. Applied
C. Methodology
C. Evaluation
D. Findings, Results and Recommenda-
tions D. Action
13. C 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. B 21. B

1.2 Meaning of research 5
22. Mr. Hamzah has collected a number of A. Studying the nature of student interac-
stories from his mother who was an ele- tions in an inclusionary classroom.
mentary school teacher for 30 years. By

B. Studying the effect of using formative
documenting some of these stories he has quizzes on student’s knowledge of key
recorded experiences that were unique, in- concepts.
teresting, and meaningful. Which type of
research describes Mr. Hamzah’s work? C. Analyzing the use of a site-based de-
cision making model as it is being imple-
A. Causal comparative mented in a local high school.
B. Descriptive D. Understanding the experiences of a
C. Narrative veteran teacher who has been moved into
D. Ethnographic an administrative position in her school.
23. What is a target population? 26. Which of the following is characterized by

(1) an attempt to provide a solution to
A. the whole group you want to study or an educator’s problem in his or her own
describe school and (2) the fact that the educator
B. the population that is practicing for the is the researcher?
Hunger Games A. Action research
C. population inside the classroom B. Experimental research
D. part of the group you want to study or C. Narrative design
describe
D. Evaluation research
24. Mr. Rahman’s choice of a specific research
approach to his research problem should 27. How can participant bias affect the out-
be guided by the extent to which the ap- come of a study?
proach A. It can make others want to volunteer
A. provides a reasonable answer to the for the study
research question. B. It can invalidate it, if the volunteers
B. describes the study. hold bias that is counter to the opinions
of those who are not part of the study, but
C. indicates the limitations of the study. are represented by it
D. provides a summary of the research. C. It can split the results in two
25. Which of the following problems is most D. It can prove it correct, because volun-
appropriate to a quantitative experimen- teer opinions accurately represent every-
tal approach? one in the population
1.2 Meaning of research

1. Which is an example of scientific ap- D. focus group interview
proach?
A. experiment 2. Which is an example of qualitative ap-
B. case study proach?
C. literature review A. experiment
22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. B 1. A 2. B

1.2 Meaning of research 6
B. focused interview C. qualitative:quantitative

C. case study D. quantitative:mixed
D. survey 8. Which uses structured interview and ques-
3. Which research approach requires philo- tionnaires in data gathering?
sophical assumptions and theoretical A. Scientific
frameworks? B. Naturalistic
A. Qualitative
C. Mixed
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Quantitative
D. Qualitative
C. Mixed
9. Which gathers qualitative data or that
D. Scientific
speak of how people behave toward their
4. Which process of research involves emerg- surrounding?
ing questions and procedures, data typi- A. Naturalistic
cally collected in the participant’s setting,
B. Quantitative
data analysis, inductively building from
particulars to general themes, and the C. Scientific
researcher making interpretations of the D. Triangulated
meaning of the data?
10. Which is an approach for testing objective
A. Qualitative
or theories by examining the relationship
B. Scientific among variables. These variables, in turn,
C. Quantitative can be measured, typically on instruments,
D. Mixed so that numbered data can be analyzed us-
ing statistical procedures?
5. Which is an example of mixed approach? A. Qualitative
A. experiment B. Scientific
B. survey C. Quantitative
C. interview
D. Mixed
D. case study
11. Combines or mixes up approaches:
6. Which is a plan and the procedures for re- :control variables:
search that span the steps from broad as-
A. mixed:quantitative
sumptions to detailed methods of data col-
lection, analysis, and interpretation? B. mixed:qualitative
A. Research Data C. qualitative:quantitative
B. Research Title D. quantitative:mixed
C. Statistical Interpretation 12. Which is a philosophical assumption in re-
D. Research Approach search?
7. structured interview: :focused group A. procedure of inquiry

interview: B. specific method
A. mixed:quantitative C. data collection
B. mixed:qualitative D. materials
3. A 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. A

1.3 Aim of research 7
1.3 Aim of research

1. A researcher follows procedures identified C. Practical
to the scientific method in finding out the D. Active
answers, what characteristic does he/she
possesses? 6. Which of the following is a simple state-
A. Effective ment of researchers’ intention and a cru-
cial element of a research study?
B. Logical
A. Research Hypothesis
C. Curious
B. Research Objective
D. Practical
C. Research Problem
2. Research is a process of investigation.
D. none of above
A. True
7. Specific objectives are steps used to
B. False
the general objective
C. Unsure
A. break down
D. none of above
B. explain
3. A type of research that fills in the details C. specify
and gasps regarding a particular idea, with
the intent to expand understanding. D. describe
A. Explorative Research 8. Why should ethics be considered in con-

B. Descriptive Research ducting research?
C. Explanatory Research A. Ethics keeps the researcher from com-

mitting misconduct while seeking knowl-
D. Qualitative Research edge and the truth, and respecting and
4. This type of research aims to explain rela- protecting the rights of the respondents.
tionships existing between variable, qual-
itatively or quantitatively. B. Ethics promotes essential values that
A. Exploratory investigation help researchers to have a common un-
derstanding and work on a topic harmo-
B. Descriptive Research niously.
C. Explanatory Research C. Consideration of ethical principles also
D. All of the above draws out public trust.
5. In the event that resources are limited, re- D. All of the above
searchers must be able to find ways to 9. What aim of research that allows re-
make use of the given resources and lo- searchers not just to verify theories or dis-
cally available materials to compensate for cover new ideas and technologies, but also
the things needed without compromising gain relevant experiences that enhance
of the research output. and deepen their knowledge and skills in
A. Inventive the area of their investigations.
B. Efficient A. Verification of Existing Knowledge
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. D
B. Acquisition of Knowledge A. A single reality is not observed.

C. Application of Knowledge B. Reality is based upon concepts that
D. Advancement of Researcher’s Exper- are distinct for each person and change
tise over time.
C. What we perceive has meaning only
10. It refers to an organized method of finding within a given situation.
novel or relatively new ideas from the ex-
isting body of knowledge with the help of D. A phenomenon has an entire impact to
NARAYAN CHANGDER
useful tools for the purpose of improving one’s self.
the quality of life. 14. A characteristic of research when data is
A. Theory carefully and precisely processed in ideas
B. Research and judgment.
C. Methods A. Analytical
D. All of the above B. Objective

C. Critical
11. Which of the following statements are
true regarding carefulness as research D. Logical
ethics principle?I. Any research must be 15. One of the following is not tightly linked
free of careless errors of negligence.II. Er- to the objectives of the draft
ror in procedures must be foreseen so
that measures must be planned to avoid A. Sub-questions
them.III. There must be provisions in the B. research question
research where careful and critical eval- C. techniques of data collection
uation of the work of the researchers
is addressed.IV. Good record-keeping and D. the proposal
journal-making must be maintained in all 16. Which of the following is not a character-
stages of the study. istic of Qualitative Research?
A. I and II only A. Qualitative Research is concerned
B. I, II, III only with the process as well as the product.
C. I, III, and IV only B. Qualitative research deals with how
D. I, II, III, IV only people make sense out their lives
C. The direct source of data is the natu-
12. What aim of research that verifies or ral setting and the researcher is the key
proves the veracity of existing theories or instrument in qualitative research.
knowledge?
D. The attributes of the subjects of a
A. Verification of Existing Knowledge study is a major concern.
B. Acquisition of New Knowledge
17. What aim of research the utilizes the re-
C. Application of New Knowledge sults of research that one can truly fulfill
D. Advancement of the Researcher’s Ex- the ultimate purpose of research, that is,
pertise to alleviate people’s quality of life.
13. The following are beliefs in Qualitative Re- A. Verification of Knowledge

search, except one. B. Acquisition of New Knowledge
10. B 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D 16. D 17. C

C. Application of New Knowledge D. they include references to the theoret-

D. Advancement of Researcher’s Exper- ical framework

tise 23. It is a function of research that provides a
18. A characteristic of research that defies foundation for future studies, and seeks
bias or prejudice. to find more information about a topic
and a broader perspective or an additional
A. Objective knowledge to what is currently known.
B. Logical A. Exploration
C. Critical B. Description
D. Realistic C. Explanation
19. A characteristic of research that employs D. None of the above
strict and correct predetermined procedure
and gathering empirical data, the latter 24. It is the process of examining data against
must be analyzed to elicit the desired the preconceived hypotheses.
meaning from the obtained information. A. Data gathering
A. Analytical B. Data analysis
B. Cyclical C. Hypothesizing
C. Logical D. Research Design
D. Realistic
25. It is a characteristic of researcher that
20. It is a specific goal for the research is not swayed to what is expected, but
rather to what is true, regardless of the
A. Hypothesis results of their investigations, good re-
B. Research question searchers report accurately their findings
C. Objective in their reports.
D. Central question A. Honest

B. Inventive
21. What is the first stage of the research pro-
cess? C. Logical
A. Collect and analyze the data D. Effective
B. Develop and implement the research 26. A characteristic of research in which empir-
plan ical data are derived from actual observa-
C. Report the findings tions of a phenomenon, interviews of peo-
ple who have witnessed an incident, anal-
D. Define the research problem ysis of first-hand document sources, exca-
22. One of the following is NOT a characteris- vation of artifacts, and other actions that
tic of research questions for the draft yield evidence of one’s investigations.
A. they are specific A. Realistic
B. they include the strategies to solve the B. Critical

problem C. Cyclical
C. they are unambiguous D. Objective
18. A 19. A 20. C 21. D 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. C
1.4 Importance of Research 10
27. In the formulation of the research problem B. Objectivity

the researcher needs to give a C. Carefulness
A. Index D. Integrity
B. Bibliography
31. Use action verbs that is specific enough
C. Title to be evaluated and measured. This de-
D. Hypothesis scribes
A. Abstract
NARAYAN CHANGDER
28. A characteristic of research the follows
valid, definite principles, frameworks, and B. Problem statement
procedures. C. Objectives
A. Logical D. Methodology
B. Replicable
32. A research ethics principle in which ideas,
C. Analytical copyrights, patents, and other forms of in-
D. Realistic tellectual property owned by other individ-
uals must be acknowledged properly when
29. The following statements are true except used as bases in any investigation.
one. A. Trustworthiness
A. In Qualitative Research findings are B. Social and legal responsibility
particularly in depth-about a certain phe-
nomenon while in quantitative research C. Openness
findings are generalizable to all. D. Respect for intellectual property
B. Quantitative research comes in lesser 33. The stage in which the problem is nar-
numbers, while qualitative research rowed down is
comes in large numbers.
A. Defining a broad area
C. Qualitative research has unstructured
procedures while quantitative research B. Writing sub-questions
has structured procedure. C. Doing initial literature review
D. The outcome of qualitative research D. Formulating the research question
has inconclusive and needs further study
before recommending a course of action, 34. What is research?
while in quantitative research are conclu- A. It is a process in which you have to cre-
sive, usually descriptive in nature, and are ate a proposal to solve a problem
used to recommend a final course of ac- B. It is an inquiry process
tion.
C. It is a combination of reasoning and ex-
30. A research ethics principles that allows re- perience
search investigations must be free from D. It is a process following stages mov-
any forms of bias. ing from defining a problem to collecting,
A. Honesty coding and analyzing data
1.4 Importance of Research
28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D

1. “A student really idolizes his English 6. Which of the following is the advantage of
teacher who is very expert in grammar qualitative research?
and literature. The former wants to write

A. It is instrumental for positive and soci-
a scholarly chronicle about the latter’s ex- etal changes.
periences including his family background,
how he achieved his success in life, his B. It involves a lot of researcher’s subjec-
likes and dislikes, his achievements and tivity in data analysis.
struggles in life.” What type of qualita- C. It is hard to know the validity or relia-
tive research should a student employ? bility of the data.
A. Historical Research D. It is open-ended questions yield “data
B. Discourse Analysis overload” that requires long-time analy-
sis.
C. Biography
D. Narrative Report 7. The Skittles are yellow, red and green is
an example of
2. All research types apply to all data collect- A. qualitative observations
ing techniques.
B. quantitative observations
A. True
C. hypothesis
B. False
D. none of above
C. Biography
8. The participants of a given study may be
D. Narrative Report.
classified as the research
3. Source for qualitative data is A. population
A. Financial report B. samples
B. Recorded voice or video C. statistics
C. Experiment D. variables
D. Exam marks 9. Which is the key instrument of qualitative
4. Naturalistic Observations are a form of research?
A. Psychological tests
A. Qualitative Research B. Surveys
B. Quantitative Research C. The researcher
C. Mixed Methods Research D. observation checklists
D. None of the above 10. Which of the following is one of the weak-
nesses of a qualitative research?
5. Soft science studies human behavior in a
scientific manner. A. Results are limited as they provide
less elaboration of human perceptions.
A. True
B. Data created through qualitative re-
B. False search are always accepted.
C. Biography C. Data analysis involving numerical data
D. Narrative Report. is difficult.
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. D
D. There is a limited review of related lit- certain community which is the subject of
erature or in-depth information about the the research?
topic. A. Ethnography
11. Triangulation is a validation approach B. Phenomenology
based on the search for the of results C. Grounded Theory
obtained by multiple sources and perspec- D. Case Study
tives.
15. Which of the following is NOT a purpose
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. convergence
of research?
B. absence
A. To construct or create new procedures
C. divergence or systems
D. separation B. To serve as a basis for decision-
making
12. An inductive process of researching in-
volves C. To deprive someone of the knowledge
he/she needs to know
A. asking broad research questions
D. To prove or disprove a theory
B. identifying sets of variable
16. Does the study follow the process of induc-
C. making predictions tive or deductive research?
D. employing structured data collection A. Yes
methods
B. No
13. The main goal of research in the field of Hu- C. Maybe
manities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) is to D. none of above
present solutions to social problems that
can be directly experienced by the people. 17. Researcher as human instrument means
Which of the following research topics can A. the researcher is sensitive and respon-
be classified under this academic field? sive to the participants needs and will ad-
A. The association of the changes in so- just accordingly
cial interaction with aging. B. the researcher brings along a co-
B. The best strategy for an employer to researcher to facilitate the data collection
link pay and performance. activities
C. The relationship of temperature and ir- C. the researcher collects data from
rigation levels in Nueva Ecija. archives, old reports or documents
D. Gene Therapy for Angelman Syn- D. the researcher uses graduate stu-
drome:Current Approaches and Strate- dents to facilitate data analysis process
gies for an Effective Use. 18. One possible definition of Qualitative Re-
search is:
14. Which of the following types of qualitative
research is designed to focus on the com- A. Type of social science research that
monality of a “lived experience” with a collects and works with numerical data.
particular group and its aim is to determine B. Type of social science research that
what an experience means for the persons collects and works with professional ex-
who have had the experience of living in a perience.
CHECK GOOGLE PLAY BOOKS FOR ANSWERS KEYS

C. Type of social science research that 23. The research questions in qualita-
collects and works with non-numerical tive/interpretivist research should fit
data. which of the following guidelines?

D. Type of social science research that A. They must contain variables to show
collects and works with pictures and dia- relationship
grams. B. They must be set broadly to cover the
wide array of the phenomenon to be stud-
19. Triangulation or mixed method enhances ied
accuracy and interpretation.
C. They should begin with “what”, “how”
A. True or “why”
B. False D. They must suggest cause effect rela-
C. Biography tionship
D. Narrative Report. 24. The followings are data analysis ap-

proaches except
20. It is a type of research which embraces
both processes of qualitative and quanti- A. thematic analysis
tative approaches. It is called as: B. constant comparative method
A. Descriptive C. audit trail
B. Quasi-Experimental D. interpretative phenomenological anal-
ysis
C. Experimental
D. Historical 25. Which of these research paradigms closely
adhere to natural science’s assumptions
21. What does the word “search” mean? about researching?
A. to be attached A. Interpretivist/qualitative research
B. to be industrious B. Critical theory research
C. to look for C. Positivist research

D. Action research
D. to tease
26. Which of the following characteristics of
22. Which of the following is true in relation to
research describes that the results of re-
the differences of quantitative and qualita-
search should be clearly and explicitly
tive research?
stated?
A. Quantitative observations use num- A. Valid and Verifiable
bers, qualitative uses the senses.
B. Controlled
B. Quantitative observations use the
senses, qualitative uses numbers. C. Clear
C. Quantitative observations use mea- D. Rigorous

surement, qualitative uses numbers.
27. It is a qualitative research in which data
D. Quantitative observations use colors, related to the past events are systemat-
qualitative uses the senses. ically collected and evaluated to describe

potential causes, effects, or trends related A. It aims to analyze cases and situations
to those events. using numerical data.
A. Historical Research B. It aims to investigate existing situa-
B. Discourse Analysis tions or problems.
C. Biography C. It aims to provide solutions to prob-
lems.
D. Narrative Report
D. It aims to explore or analyze more cer-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
28. A quantitative research requires the reli- tain issues.
able use of instrument and statistical meth-
ods which enables people to 32. An educated guess or testable prediction is
A. Make hasty interpretations and conclu- a
sions. A. theory
B. Study their surroundings as objective B. law
as they can.
C. hypothesis
C. Conduct in depth and a more subjec-
tive type of study. D. conclusion
D. Be empathetic towards the situation of 33. The following are the characteristics of
the respondents. qualitative research except
29. Which of the following characteristics of A. emergent
research describes that research should be B. focus on outcome
based on life experiences and observa-
tions? C. exploratory
A. Empirical D. focus on process
B. Valid 34. Understanding our current history can help
C. Rigorous us better understand our current society
and the of the people.
D. Critical
A. speech
30. Research challenges us to become better
individuals through the new ideas, , B. thinking
and C. speaking
A. perspective; skills D. behavior
B. perspective; manners
35. t is an exploration of a “bounded system”
C. knowledge; values over time through detailed, in-depth data
D. knowledge; vision collection involving multiple sources of in-
formation rich in interesting stories.
31. A researcher studies one gifted student
in order to better understand how this A. Ethnography
student’s school day differs from that of B. Phenomenology
more typical students. This is a qualitative
C. Grounded Theory
study because of the following reasons EX-
CEPT D. Case Study

36. The results of the research are used as C. 1.5”

a in conducting more researches or in D. 2”
planning new projects.

A. future plan 41. is the systematic application of the sci-
entific inquiry.
B. springboard
A. research
C. draft
B. essay
D. program
C. narrative report
research describes that research results D. investigation
should be unbiased? 42. How does qualitative research differ from
A. Subjective quantitative research?
B. Objective A. Qualitative research is descriptive
C. Rigorous while quantitative research is pure exper-
imental.
D. Verifiable
B. Qualitative research is done by begin-
38. The ways researchers strategically plan, ners while quantitative research is done
design, and structure research processes by the experts.
for them to answer research questions in
C. Qualitative research presents data
the most complex, rigorous, and nuanced
in words while quantitative research
ways possible. This requires data trian-
presents data in numbers.
gulation, the strategic sequencing of meth-
ods, and adopting a reflexive approach to D. Qualitative research ensures quality
design and data collection. of related literature while quantitative re-
search counts on quantity of related liter-
A. purposeful sampling
ature.
B. data set
C. design complexity 43. All of the following are strengths of quali-
tative research EXCEPT
D. unit of analysis
A. Explores sensitive issues
39. Which is the weakest reason for interpre- B. Captures diversity of experiences and
tivist/qualitative research findings to be perceptions
not-generalisable?
C. Allows participants to freely exchange
A. sample size is too small
ideas
B. research is concerned with under-
D. Proves a certain theory or principle
standing uniqueness
C. social phenomena is a subjective mat- 44. It is the most familiar and applicable type
ter of qualitative research which refers to the
investigation of a culture through an in-
D. data is from interview alone
depth study of the members of the cultural
40. What are the margins in MLA reports? society
A. .5” A. Ethnography
B. 1” B. Phenomenology

C. Grounded Theory B. It gives you accurate answers to scien-

D. Case Study tific problems.
C. It is logical.
45. Research studies what happens in any
field of knowledge. D. It follows a specific system.
A. True
50. It is primarily used to generate theory
B. False through relevant information taken from
very reliable sources and its focus is the-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Biography
ory development.
D. Narrative Report.
A. Ethnography
46. Why research is not only concern with dis-
covering or creating new things? It is be- B. Phenomenology
caus C. Grounded Theory
A. we also seek for explanations
D. Case Study
B. we also search for old things.
C. we are abiding citizens. 51. The most objective sampling technique is
involved in which of the following selec-
D. We are just tripping tion processes?
47. Research undertakings are basically A. Quota
geared toward improving the
B. Purposive
A. program
C. Random
B. history
C. quality of life D. Convenience
D. quality of self 52. It is a qualitative research which analyzes

the language “beyond the sentence”. It is
48. Which of these statements is true? State-
the study of the ways in which language is
ment I:Quantitative research findings can
used by the people, both written and spo-
affect people’s lives, influence leaders
ken contexts.
and people in a high position Statement
II:Quantitative research is used in crafting A. Historical Research
law, rules and regulation for the major-
B. Discourse Analysis
ity’s welfare.
A. Both statements are correct. C. Biography
B. Both statements are incorrect. D. Narrative Report.

C. The first statement is correct; the sec-
53. It is a systematic and a scientific process
ond statement is incorrect.
of inquiry or investigation.
D. The second statement is correct; the
A. Science
first statement is incorrect.
B. Mathematics
49. Why is research systematic?
C. Arts
A. It follows your subjective opinion
about things. D. Research

54. This refers to data that has been compiled 59. Which of the following is EXCLUDED from
and organized to answer research ques- the importance of qualitative research in
tions. This may include data from inter- daily life?

views, archival documents, and/or focus A. Qualitative unveils individual’s percep-
groups. tion, feelings and attitudes about a certain
A. purposeful sampling phenomenon.
B. data set B. Qualitative research allows the re-
C. reflexivity searcher to immerse in the community
where the participants live.
D. unit of analysis
C. Qualitative research stimulates peo-
55. Why is research scientific? ple’s interdependence or interpersonal re-
lationship.
A. It follows a specific system of inquiry.
D. Qualitative research lets the re-
searcher to validate the previously con-
B. It answers mathematical question.
structed theory or principle.
C. It is based on facts.
60. How can people in Accountancy, Business,
D. It is based on personal opinion.
and Management benefit from quantita-
56. Which of the following is not an of impor- tive research?
tance of research? A. Researchers can help design new
A. To stay the same product.
B. To enhance the standard of living B. Researchers can find ways to satisfy
the growing needs of customers.
C. For a safer life
C. Researchers can figure out what can
D. To know the truth be improved in order to produce high qual-
57. Which importance of research is described ity product.
in the statement below? Research creates D. All of the above.
change as a result of intense study on ex-
iting knowledge and policy.” 61. Data collected in qualitative research are
analyzed and interpreted and then written
A. To make changes using
B. To know the truth A. statistical
C. For a safer life B. passive-voice
D. Gain essential information C. third-person
58. Which of the following characteristics of D. narrative
research describes that research follows a
certain logical sequence? 62. Which importance of research is described
in the statement below? “Results of re-
A. Controlled search helped us to mark out the thin line
B. Systematic between truth and lie.”
C. Logical A. To make changes
D. Scientific B. For a safer life

1.5 Research concept 18
C. To know the truth 65. Which of the following is an example

D. Gain essential information or characteristic of using a “holistic” ap-
proach in qualitative research?
63. During the pandemic, many businesses
were closed leading to an increase of A. Transcribing a distinctive communica-
the unemployment rate in the community. tion pattern of a community member
What is the importance of research in this B. focusing only on the data available on
scenario? a single day within a study
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Research can help the entrepreneurs C. Documenting the ethnic background of
to cope up during pandemic. a study participant
B. Research may provide an accurate pre-
D. Describing the established cultural
diction on the scenario in the next 6
norms of a given population
months.
C. Through research, the government 66. The steps commonly used by scientists in
can provide an information explaining why gathering information to test hypotheses
this problem occurs. and solve problems are called
D. Using research, the government may A. scientific inquiry
develop an effective intervention program
to help the workers and business owners. B. hypothesis
64. The following statements are the impor- C. scientific method

tance of research EXCEPT D. none of above
A. Research can lead to expansion of
knowledge and new discoveries. 67. Scientific approach expresses and records
B. It helps us find ways to allocate scarce your findings qualitatively.
resources accordingly. A. True
C. It may not help in studying the effects B. False
of observed phenomena.
C. Biography
D. It develops critical thinking and analy-
sis. D. Narrative Report.
1.5 Research concept

1. It is the context of the research problem B. set your project within context of
that leads to the necessity of conducting a project area
study about the topic. C. helps avoiding repeating same idea
A. Background of the Problem D. all that above
B. Statement of the Problem
3. This part is the core of your paper as it is
C. Research Objectives proof that you use the scientific method.
D. Research Hypothesis A. Introduction
2. Why literature review is important? B. Review of Related Literature
A. justifies your project C. Statement of the Problem

D. Methodology A. considering the logic behind the

method we used in the contaxt of research
4. Gantt chart contains informations about

A. when activities begins and ends B. formulative, concept and planning for
B. various activities are research method
C. where activities overlap with another C. planning to get answer for what, why
and by how much & where type of questions
D. all that above D. exploratory, descriptive, diagnostic
and experimentation research
5. This section provides information to the
reader on how the study will contribute. 10. Is composed of list of the references in
A. Introduction guiding the research work and writing the
paper.
B. Scope and limitation
A. Review of Related Literature
C. Significance of the study
B. Conclusion
D. Definition of terms
C. Results and Discussions
6. Which one is true about qualitative re- D. Bibliography
search
A. to test hypotheses or specific research 11. Commonly used when the variables are
question generally poorly studied.
B. observe and interpret A. Quantitative
C. measured and test B. Qualitative
D. large samples to produce generaliz- C. Mixed
able results D. None of the above.
7. It is basically composed of different ques-
12. In choosing a topic for research, the follow-
tions the entire study will answer.
ing are to be considered, EXCEPT
A. Background of the Problem
A. Interest
B. Relevance to the course/field
C. Research Objectives
C. Income generating
D. Research Hypothesis
D. Availability of related litera-
8. It is the foundation of solid research ture/materials/studies
A. Review of related literature 13. It explains the reason behind the study, its
B. Statement of the problem main and specific goals and aims.
C. Significance of the study A. Background of the Problem
D. Conclusin and Recommendation B. Statement of the Problem
C. Research Objectives
9. Research objectives falls into a number of
categories that include D. Research Hypothesis

14. In order to begin research, one must 19. It describes the sufficient detail the raw or
A. start with a number of clear goals processed materials utilized in the study.
B. start with a number of predefined ob- A. Introduction
jectives B. Objectives of the study
C. have a well defined research ethod
C. Results and Discussions
D. solved research problems
D. Methodology
15. It is the application of theory in explaining
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the existence of a phenomenon. 20. Purpose is to generalize about a larger
A. Conceptual Framework population.
B. Theoretical Framework A. Mixed
C. Conceptual Definition of terms B. Qualitative
D. Operational Definition of terms C. Quantitative
16. What is the important approval document D. None of the above.
to obtain before proceed the research in-
volving alive subjects? 21. Uses mostly statistics and aggregated
A. Empathy Approval data.
B. Human Ethics Approval A. Qualitative
C. Animal Ethics Approval B. Quantitative
D. Ethical Approval C. Mixed
17. The purpose of the research is to predict, D. None of the above.
explain or validate a theory and a phe-
nomenon. 22. Sample size is variable depending on the
A. Quantitative purpose of the researcher.
B. Qualitative A. Qualitative
C. Mixed B. Quantitative
D. None of the above
C. Mixed
18. Which of the following is the BEST reason D. None of the above.
that in any research undertaking, there is
a need to formulate a recommendation at 23. Literature review is NOT
the end of the study?
A. to provides insight into the conceptual
A. to give a good, concise and accurate
background of the study
results.
B. to give answer to the statement of the B. an argument about the importance of
problem. your work
C. to give a further study not covered by C. an outline of important research trend

the investigator.
D. to give a more valid, consistent and D. a critical review of published informa-
well-organized results. tion

24. Questions are mostly open-ended and ex- 29. The meaning is given by a thesaurus or dic-
ploratory. tionary which is generally understood by
people.

A. Mixed
B. Quantitative A. Conceptual Framework
C. Qualitative B. Theoretical Framework
D. None of the above. C. Conceptual Definition of terms

D. Operational Definition of terms
25. Which of the following is not part of Scien-
tific Research Paper Chapter 1? 30. What is the tense of the verbs in writing
the methodology during the proposal?
A. Scope and Limitation
A. Present tense
B. Definition of Terms
B. Past tense
C. Hypothesis of the Study
C. Future tense
D. Significance of the Study
D. Progressive tense
26. Which of the following BEST explains the
role of objectives in the conduct of the 31. It is at this point that the researcher de-
study? scribed who will benefit and what bene-
fits can be derived from the findings of the
A. it serves as the baseline in making the
study. The writer, under this section, tries
Review of Related Literature of the study.
to sell its importance to the panel or to the
funding agency.
B. it is a major structure in framing the
A. Scope and Limitation
methodology of the study.
B. Significance of the Study
C. it is the basis in formulating a good,
concise and accurate abstract of the C. Introduction
study. D. Framework
D. it serves as a guide to answer the prob-
lem. 32. The main concept behind doing research is
to
27. What type of quantitative research? A. study and explore knowledge
A. surveys B. start with a predefined and clear-cut
B. mathematical modelling objective
C. statistical analysis C. get new ideas
D. all that above D. define clear objective
28. Searches for themes and categories using 33. This tells the specific boundaries of
inductive reasoning. the study by describing the place or
venue of the study, the population, sub-
A. Qualitative jects/respondents, time frame, the vari-
B. Quantitative ables and their indicators.
C. Mixed A. Scope and Limitation
D. None of the above. B. Significance of the Study

C. Introduction 39. Which of the following is the appropriate

D. Framework way of writing a review of related litera-
ture?
34. Variables and context is highly controlled. A. Summarized and paraphrase the state-
A. Mixed ment, cite the authors and co-authors.
B. Quantitative B. Copy the statement by citing the au-
C. Qualitative thor’s full name with the place of publica-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
tion.
C. Summarized and paraphrase the state-
35. The researcher finds a variable in the study ment, cite the author’s last name and year
that corresponds to the concept as it was of publication.
used in the theory which it was taken.
D. Copy the statement and cite only the
A. Conceptual Framework year of publication, because the authors
B. Theoretical Framework name is place at the bibliography section.
C. Conceptual Definition of terms 40. It is a conjectural statement of the relation

D. Operational Definition of terms between two or more variables. It is a ten-
tative or temporary answer to a research
36. It is using a particular language to make problem.
meaning of words appropriate to given
A. Background of the Problem
context or situation.
A. Conceptual Framework B. Statement of the Problem
B. Theoretical Framework C. Research Objectives

C. Conceptual Definition of terms D. Research Hypothesis
D. Operational Definition of terms
41. Follows more flexible format for the re-
37. Which one is the major component to in- search document.
clude in the formulation of a conclusion? A. Quantitative
A. Major Findings
B. Qualitative
B. Tables and Figures
C. Mixed
C. Materials and Procedures
D. None of the above.
D. Review of Related Literature
42. This section announces your topic, pro-
38. These are the interrogative statement that
vides context, and a rationale for the
the researcher wishes to seek the an-
working paper.
swer.
A. Conceptual Framework A. Introduction
B. Statement of Hypothesis B. Review of Related Literature

C. Significance of the Study C. Hypothesis of the Study
D. Statement of the problem D. Methodology

1.6 Nature of Research 23
43. Which of the following BEST describe the C. It helps the researcher in providing dif-
purpose of the hypothesis in research ferent directions in conducting a research.
work?

A. It helps to integrate irrelevant re-
search. D. It enable the researcher to generalize
B. It will answer the problem of the study. their findings beyond the specific condi-
tions.
1.6 Nature of Research

1. Which of the following refers to a detailed 5. Research exhibits careful and precise judg-
study of a specific subject such as person, ment.
group, place, event and phenomenon? A. Empirical
A. Case Study B. Logical
B. Ethnography C. Critical
C. Grounded Theory D. Cyclical
D. Phenomenology
6. Einstein’s study that lead to the theory of
2. The process of showing and explaining the relativity is an example of what kind of
result of the research conducted or the in- research
terpretation of the data gathered. A. Pure
A. Collection of Data B. Applied
B. Presentation of Data C. Evaluation
C. Presentation of Facts D. Action
D. Analysis of Data 7. According to Research is “A system-
atic investigation of a certain phenomenon
3. Research uses proven analytical proce-
or series of phenomena with the use of an
dures in gathering data.
established method of research”
A. Empirical
A. Reader’s Digest Encyclopedic dictio-
B. Analytical nary (1975)
C. Critical B. Webster (1992)
D. Cyclical C. Wikipedia (2000)
D. Kerlinger as cited by Tejero and
4. Knowledge is a result of empirical study
Catchillar (2004)
which goes through the process of obser-
vation and experiment 8. The quality of life has been improved.
A. KNOWLEDGE AS BELIEF Ways in improving the daily living has
been introduced by research, for man is de-
B. KNOWLEDGE AS AUTHORITY
termined, a visionary and hardworking in
C. A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE achieving his aspirations.
D. EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE A. Improves student’s achievement.

B. Improves instruction. B. CERCIE

C. Improves the quality of life. C. CERCHIER
D. Satisfies man’s needs. D. CIRCHE
9. This refers to the key terms based from 14. When you are making a research, you need
the research question to
A. Definitions A. describe and control the observed phe-
nomenon
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Hypothesis
B. predict and control the observed phe-
C. Literature Review nomenon
D. Data Analysis C. describe, explain, predict and control
the observed phenomenon
10. The researchers need to cite the shreds of
evidence coming from the different sources D. copy and paste from google
effectively.
15. Which of the following should be done by
A. TRUE the researchers in Practical Research 2?
B. FALSE A. interview
C. SOMETIMES B. survey
D. none of above C. open-ended questions
11. Which of the following is NOT an impor- D. none of the above

tance of research? 16. An investigation on basic principles and
A. It helps us develop the right attitude to reasons for occurrence of a particular
not believe in anything easily. event or process or phenomenon
B. It gives as light to inquire for the right A. Basic Research
information B. Applied Research
C. It empowers us with knowledge and C. Quantitative Research
new learning
D. Qualitative Research
D. None of these
17. What ethical principle in research refers to
12. You want to know whether the dolomite being open to criticism and new ideas?
beautification project is effective in pro- A. Integrity
moting mental health. What type of re-
search would you conduct? B. Honesty
A. Pure C. Objectivity
D. Openness
B. Applied
C. Evaluation 18. The following are the definitions of Re-
search (Except for)
D. Action
A. Research involves a scientific process
13. Research was derived from the French
word which means “search or seek.” B. Research requires a systematic proce-
A. CIRCLE dure

C. Researcher studies the data objec- C. Presentation of Facts

tively D. Presentation of Data

D. Research is a common-sense
24. Considered as an action research which is
19. Solves a current problem faced by the man- directed towards practical application of
ager in the work setting, demanding a the scientific knowledge.
timely solution:
A. Basic Research
A. qualitative research
B. Applied Research
B. basic research
C. Practical Research
C. applied research
D. Critical Research
D. qualitative research
25. Data is defined as
20. Generates a body of knowledge by trying
to comprehend how certain problems that A. the collection of hypothesis
occur in organizations can be solved. B. the collection of people
A. basic research C. the study of people
B. quantitative research D. the collection of information
C. qualitative research
26. What characteristic of qualitative research
D. applied research refers to the ability to seek understanding
21. It deals with designs, techniques and mea- without judgement?
sures that do not produce discrete numeri- A. Emphatic Neutrality
cal data.
B. Personal Experience
A. qualitative research
C. Dynamic Systems
B. quantitative research
D. Unique Case Orientation
C. theory
D. inquiry 27. This type of research aims to provide a
possible intervention to minimize a prob-
22. Which of the following characteristics of lem within current practice.
research describes that the variables in re- A. Pure
search are kept constant?
B. Applied
A. Controlled
C. Evaluation
B. Systematic
D. Action
C. Rigorous
D. Planned 28. This refers to the subjects and/or partici-
pants in a study
23. A process of preparing and collecting data
A. Data
to obtain information for record-keeping
or decision-making. B. Sample
A. Collection of Data C. Literatures
B. Analysis of Data D. Methods

29. The process of gathering, modeling, and C. Make changes

transforming data with the goal of high- D. Safer life
lighting useful information, suggesting
conclusions, and supporting decision mak- 34. This is putting the results of experiments
ing. into graphs, charts and tables.
A. Collection of Data A. Collection of Data
B. Presentation of Data B. Presentation of Data
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Presentation of Facts C. Presentation of Facts
D. Analysis of Data D. Analysis of Data
30. Research challenges man to remove the 35. Conclusions are not based on empirical in-
threat of inaction. It guides man to vestigation, but on common sense
make an action which can satisfy his self- A. KNOWLEDGE AS BELIEF
fulfillment and his well-being. Modern de-
vices like computers, fax machines, freez-
ers and gas stove and electric stove are C. A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE
product of research that help man to work D. EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE
faster, better and easier.
36. All the materials, time frame, and ethical
A. Improves the quality of life. considerations in a research are discussed
B. Satisfies man’s needs. in this part.
C. Reduces the burden of work. A. Research problem
D. Improves the exportation of products. B. Data Analysis
C. Methodology
31. Research is based on direct experience or
observation by the researcher. D. Instrumentation
A. Logical 37. A , or also called , is conducted sim-
B. Empirical ply to generate knowledge.
C. Cyclical A. basic, applied research
D. Analytical B. applied research, pure research
C. applied research, basic
32. A remark, statement or comment based on
something one has seen, heard or noticed. D. basic, pure research
A. Hearsay 38. Educators, policy makers and educational

researcher continue to conduct study and
B. Gossip
researches to effectively and efficiently
C. Observation improve the quality of teaching and learn-
D. Noticed Actions ing. Different strategies, approaches and
methods have been discovered and deter-
33. Which of these is NOT an importance of mined. Innovations have been introduced
research in our daily life? to improve instruction.
A. Gain unessential information A. Improves student’s achievement.
B. Know the truth B. Improves instruction.

C. Reduces the burden of work. B. Verifiable

D. Improves the exportation of products. C. Rigorous

39. What do you mean with “observed phe- D. Systematic
nomenon”?
44. This type is usually based on previous sys-
A. It reffers about something weird tematic investigation
around research
A. KNOWLEDGE AS BELIEF
B. It reffers about the topic of research
C. It means UFO
C. A PRIORI KNOWLEDGE
D. It means danger around the research
D. EMPIRICAL KNOWLEDGE
40. Traditional way of living has been replaced
45. Content Analysis and Statistical Treat-
by the modern way. Electrification, com-
ments are classified under which phase of
munication and even in the aspect of trans-
the research process?
portation are now available and accessible
to people. A. Instrumentation
A. Improves the quality of life. B. Research Problem
B. Satisfies man’s needs. C. Data Analysis
C. Reduces the burden of work. D. Literature Review
D. Improves the exportation of products. 46. This is based on a carefully well-planned
41. Which kind of qualitative research refers systematic inquiry
to an inductive technique developed for A. Intuition
health-related topics? B. Research
A. Case Study C. Common sense
B. Grounded Theory
D. Knowledge
C. Ethnography
47. A group of students that developed
D. Historical Research
an Ardunio-based Automated Greenhouse
42. Through research, many countries are ca- made a research of which type?
pable to export food products. This helps A. Pure
the continuing increase in exportation as-
B. Applied
pect of the economy.
C. Evaluation
A. Improves the quality of life.
D. Action
B. Satisfies man’s needs.
C. Reduces the burden of work. 48. The following are the Three Kinds of Re-
search which were discussed (Except for)
D. Improves the exportation of products.
A. Pure Research
research describes that research is ex- B. Applied Research
tremely thorough and careful? C. Practical Research
A. Valid D. Critical Research

1.7 Nature and Inquiry of Research 28
49. Which of the following characteristics of B. Controlled

research utilizes proven analytical proce-
C. Empirical
dures in gathering data?
D. Systematic
A. Analytical
B. Controlled 52. Research starts with a problem and ends
C. Empirical with the problem.
D. Systematic A. Logical
NARAYAN CHANGDER
50. Which of the following characteristics of B. Empirical
research describes that the results of re- C. Cyclical
search are correct and approved and clari-
fied by others, too? D. Analytical
A. Valid and verifiable 53. What characteristic of qualitative research

B. Constant is employed in the situation below?
“Studying real-world situation as it un-
C. Systematic
folds naturally”
D. Controlled
A. Dynamic
51. What characteristic of research is shown in
B. Emergent
the statement below? “Research is based
on direct experience by the researcher.” C. Naturalistic
A. Analytical D. Purposeful
1.7 Nature and Inquiry of Research

1. In this research, subjects are randomly as- Which of the following does not fall under
signed to experimental treatment and con- non-experimental research?
trol groups who are treated to the same A. Descriptive research
except for the treatment variable.
B. Correlational research
A. Correlational
C. Causal-comparative research
B. Descriptive D. Laboratory experiments
C. Experimental
4. All of the following are the characteristics
D. Quasi-experimental of research except,
2. Involvement in the learning process A. Improve reading and comprehension
B. Accuracy
A. Inquiry
C. Relevance
B. Research
D. Systematic
C. Probing
5. A research paper is different from an es-
D. Investigation
say because
3. Quantitative research can be classified A. an essay contains fewer facts than a
into non-experimental and experimental. research paper.

1.7 Nature and Inquiry of Research 29
B. an essay is more opinion dominated. 10. There are two approaches to research.
C. research paper is an extended analy- Which one is not?

sis based on data and evidence. A. Qualitative
D. a research paper is always shorter B. Quantitative
than an essay.
C. Hearsay, Rumors (Chismis)
6. All of the following are the advantages or
D. none of above
strengths of Qualitative research except,
A. It adopts a naturalistic approach to its 11. All of the following are guidelines in choos-
subject matter ing a Research TOPIC except
B. It promotes a full understanding of hu- A. Interest in the subject matter
man behavior or personality
B. Controversial Topic
C. It is hard to know the validity or relia-
bility of the data C. Timeliness and relevant of the topic
D. It is a way of understanding and inter- D. Availability of information
preting social interactions
12. What should be your first step when
7. What are subtopics? choosing a research topic?
A. Smaller ideas that connect to the big A. Ask your friends or parents for ideas
ideas for your topic
B. Big ideas that connect to the smaller B. Choose the first topic that you think of
ideas
C. Some of the other topics you were con-
C. Brainstorm ideas that are interesting
sidering
to you and that are related to your assign-
D. Topics about submarines ment
8. The art of generating concept and under- D. Do a Google search
standing in a new and creative way.
13. What is a synonym for a questionnaire?
A. research
B. inquiry A. Possibilites
C. probing B. Opinions
D. investigation C. Survey
9. The following are some importance of re- D. Interviewing

search, EXCEPT
14. This collectively refer to persons, places,
A. Research duplicates knowledge. things, or phenomena that you are trying
B. Research creates the theories and to measure numerically.
facts of all sciences. A. Variables
C. Research gives us information on the
B. Independent variables
things we want and need to know.
C. Dependent variables
D. Research helps preserve and improve
life. D. none of above

1.8 Steps of Research 30
15. What is the main purpose of a quantitative esis.

research?
C. To establish an understanding of the
A. Generalization of the results by mea-
underlying reasons and motivations of ac-
suring the views and responses of a sam-
tions
ple population.
B. Provide insights into the setting of a D. Measure the incidence of various
problem, generating ideas and/or hypoth- views of in a chosen population.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1.8 Steps of Research
1. The first step in the research process is D. The research procedure is public so it
A. Citing your sources can be replicated or refutedby other re-
searchers
B. Organizing and writing
5. Plagiarism is..
C. notetaking
A. Using my own words to express an-
D. Generate a list of topics
other’s ideas
2. How do you cite a picture from the inter- B. A game played in England
net in your bibliography (what 3 things do
C. Copying someone else’s work and
you have to include)?
passing it off as my own
A. Accessed Day Month Year. URL. What
D. Citing my source and giving credit to
web site it is on.
that author
B. Description of Image. URL. Accessed
Day Month Year. 6. steps many steps are involved in research
process?
C. Date. What project you used it in. URL.
A. 7
D. none of above B. 8
C. 9
3. These are the common mistakes in choos-
ing a research topic, EXCEPT D. 6
A. Topic is too difficult 7. How do you cite an article from the inter-
net in your bibliography (what 4 things do
B. Topic is too broad
you have to include)?
C. Sticking with the last topic that comes
A. Description. Title. Date. URL.
into mind
B. Accessed Day Month Year. Title.
D. Inadequate literature on the topic
Name of your Project. URL.
4. One of the reason to report your research C. “Article Title.” Web Site. URL. Ac-
results is? cessed Day Month Year.
A. To gain popularity D. none of above
B. To make more money 8. If I wanted to find the meaning of the word
C. To get praise “agriculture, “ I would use a

A. dictionary C. Citing references

B. thesaurus D. Create a research question?

C. almanac 14. Research process consists of steps.
D. encyclopedia A. 6
9. It refers to the process of choosing a part B. 7
of the population you want to study. C. 8
A. Sampling D. 9
B. Conclusion 15. If you wanted to find more information
C. Recommendations about Missouri’s natural resources, what
would the best source be?
D. Interpretation
A. Historical fiction that takes place in
10. A qualitative research problem statement Missouri
A. Specifies the research methods to be B. A dictionary
utilized C. Newspaper article about economy
B. Specifies a research hypothesis D. Nonfiction text about Missouri’s re-
C. Expresses a relationship between vari- sources
ables
16. Which of the following is not a type of
D. Conveys a sense of emerging design probability sampling?
11. It is a type of non-probability sampling A. simple random sampling
done in a way that whoever you saw first B. stratified random sampling
or came to volunteer first is considered as C. convenience sampling
a respondent.
D. none of above
A. simple random sampling
17. AFTER THE INSTRUMENTATION PLAN
B. stratified random sampling
WHAT WE NEED TO DO THE RESEARCH
C. convenience sampling PROCESS???
D. none of above A. COLLECTING THE DATA
12. These are how we can find a research idea, B. ANALYZING THE POPULATION
EXCEPT? C. CLARIFYING THE PROBLEM
A. Keep an open mind D. none of above
B. Do your homework 18. Choose a statement that refers to a CASE
C. Based on friend’s suggestion STUDY research.
D. Pick a topic that you are interested A. Involves the in-depth study and de-
tailed description of a single or limited
13. What step in the research process would number of groups
involve reviewing/reading my resources B. Research based on describing the past.
and writing down facts/details?
A. Generating a list of topics C. Where practitioners in their work-
B. Read and take notes place, whether they be teachers, nurses,

doctors, managers, etc., engage in re- B. 6

search in order C. 7
D. Examines the relationship between D. 4
two variables.
24. What is the BEST research question about
19. If you wanted to conduct research about the railroads and the region’s economy?
the Great Flood of 1993, where would be
the best place to get more information? A. Who invented the railroads?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Thesaurus B. How long are the railroads in Mis-
souri?
B. Dictionary
C. How do the railroads impact the re-
C. Newspaper article about the flood
gion’s economy?
D. Encyclopedia
D. Why do we have railroads?
20. How can you analyse and interpret the re-
25. The second step in the research process is
sults?
A. By assuming that something does not
A. Create a research question
exist
B. Generate a list of topics
B. Making decisions about the specific
methods C. Identify relevant sources
C. Identify the results without commen- D. Reading and taking notes
tating on them
26. Which of these is plagiarism?
D. Use statistical methods to examine
A. copying & pasting all your facts instead
and evaluate the data
of putting them in your own words, but
21. It refers to the statements made by the having all the citations in your bibliogra-
researcher for the beneficiaries of the phy
study. B. using pictures and facts from the inter-
A. Sampling net without having a bibliography
B. Conclusion C. both of these are plagiarism!
C. Recommendations D. none of above
D. Interpretation 27. WHAT IS THE ROLE OF INSTRUMENTA-
TION PLAN IN RESEARCH PROCESS?
22. fourth step of research process
is??????? A. FOR COLLECTING THE DATA
A. Clarify the Problem B. ROAD MAP FOR ENTIRE STUDY
B. Clearly Define Terms and Concepts C. DEFINING THE TERMS
C. Collect Data D. HELPS IN TO UNDERSTANDING THE
D. Develop the Instrumentation Plan CONCEPT
23. HOW MANY WAYS TO FORMULATE THE 28. Step 3 in research process is
RESEARCH PROBLEM A. Literature review
A. 5 B. Construct hypotheses

C. Conduct a research study B. must be possible to observe and mea-

D. Collect relevant data sure all of the variables involved

C. must be possible to obtain research re-
29. Research is a process sults that are contrary to theprediction
A. linear D. must make a positive statement about
B. spiral the existence of something, usually the ex-
istence of relationship, the existence of a
C. hexagonal
difference, or the existence of a treatment
D. triangle effect.
30. The sixth step in the research process is 35. What is the BEST research question about
soybeans and Missouri’s economy?
A. Generate a list of topics A. How do soybeans impact Missouri’s
B. Create a research question economy?
C. Organize and write B. What are soybeans?
D. Cite your references C. Why do soybeans grow in Missouri?
31. Which is commonly used in the presenta- D. Do soybeans impact our economy?
tion of data in qualitative research?
36. These are how we can construct a good re-
A. tabular form search hypothesis, EXCEPT?
B. graphical form A. Acceptable
C. narrative form B. Logical
D. none of above C. Testable
32. what is the third step of research process D. Refutable
A. clarify the problem 37. How do you take notes?
B. review the literature A. copy & paste author’s words; full sen-
C. define the population tences
D. none of above B. type what you learned in your own
words; short not full sentences
33. The third step in the research process is
C. re-type the author’s words; short
not full sentences
A. Organize and write
D. none of above
B. Create a a research question
C. Identify relevant sources 38. Paraphrasing is
D. Cite your references A. Copying the text
B. Saying whatever I want after reading
34. A logical research hypothesis
A. usually founded in established theo- C. Putting information I read into my own
ries or developed from theresults of pre- words
vious research D. A water activity

1.9 Approaches in research 34
39. It is the fourth step in the research pro- Analysis

cess. C. Formulating Conclusions and Recom-
A. Sampling and Data Collection mendations
B. Data Presentation, Interpretation and D. none of above
1.9 Approaches in research
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1. What approach focuses on childhood mem- C. Examines our thought processes, how
ories and events of the unconscious mind? we solve problems, make decisions and
A. Psychoanalitic develop language
B. cognitive D. Interactions we have with enviorn-

ment and other people in the environment
C. behaviorism
D. humanism 6. When a participant doesn’t know the
group they’re in is called?
2. Hormones, heredity, tumors, and disease A. validity
all fall into the category of what ap-
proach? B. placebo effect
A. Biological C. blind procedure
B. cognitive D. double blind procedure
C. humanism 7. are the strategies, processes or tech-

D. evolutionary niques utilized in the collection of data or
evidence for analysis in order to uncover
3. Basic research is new information or create better under-
A. Practical and descriptive standing of a topic.
B. Client-driven A. Research approaches
C. Expands current knowledge B. Research methodology
D. Advancement of technology C. Research methods

D. Research philosophy
4. Which one is a definition for dependant?
A. Cause 8. Who would be the most likely to empha-
size the role of the unconscious in affecting
B. Variable affected behavior?
C. Manipulate A. Ivan Pavlov
D. Variable not exposed B. Carl Rogers
5. What us the definition of evolutionary psy- C. Sigmund Freud
chology? D. William James
A. Focus on learning through rewards,
punishments, and observatins 9. which is not a mental process
B. How the natural selection of traits has A. eating

promoted the survival genes B. sensations

C. thoughts 15. If a researcher wants to be able to predict

D. feelings if two variables are related to each other
they would use

10. Which Psychologist questioned how does A. experimental research
our early childhood experiences affect our
behavior? B. correlational research
C. case study
A. William James
D. illusory research
B. Sigmund Freud
C. John B. Watson 16. A procedure in which researchers nor par-
ticipants know which group is the exper-
D. Abraham Maslow
imental group and which is the control
11. The less soda I drink, the more energy I group
have. What kind of correlation is this? A. Double blind procedure
A. No correlation B. Blind procedure
B. Positive C. Placebo Effect
C. Negative D. Validity
D. All the above 17. In order to understand whether two vari-
12. Deductive approach is ables are related to each other a re-
searcher would use what type of research
A. Quantitative research method?
B. Qualitative research A. Case study
C. Mixed-method research B. Survey
D. none of above C. Observation
13. What is cognitive psychology? D. Correlation
A. Perceive, process and remember infor- 18. Which of the following deals with child-
mation through scientific processes hood memories and events?
B. Focus on biological structures and pro- A. Cognitive
cess
B. Behaviorism
C. Focus on the conscious experiences
C. Humanism
and choices in our lives
D. Psychodynamic
D. How the natural selection of traits
prompted survival of genes 19. Which of the following shows a negative
correlation?
14. A positive correlation has a slope in a scat-
terplot closest to A. As the temperature goes up, the
amount of ice cream sales increases
A. 0.5
B. The more absences Henry has, the
B. 0 lower his grades are
C. 1 C. The taller you are, the more candy you
D. -1 eat

D. When you eat more food, your weight 25. What is a double blind procedure?
increases A. Participants don’t know which group
20. Which correlation coefficient demonstrates they’re in
the highest correlation? B. Researchers don’t know which group
the participants are in
A. 0.92
C. Neither participants nor researcher
B. -0.38
knows who is in which group
C. -0.11
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Both researcher and participants know
D. 0.67 who is in each group
21. Research design is: 26. A corelation coefficient
A. The procedures that will be used to col- A. tells what is being compared
lect data B. shows the factor being manipulated
B. Overall structure of the research C. is the expirament
C. Predicts future phenomena D. describes the strength and direction of
D. Less associated with technology the relationship of two variables
22. “It encourages people to come up with 27. What does humanism focus on?
thoughts and ideas that can, at first, seem A. Behavior in terms of conditioning
a bit crazy. Some of these ideas can be B. Mental activities associated with think-
crafted into original, creative solutions to ing
a problem, while others can spark even
more ideas.” C. Behavior related to the traits that have
been passed down
A. Formulate a thesis statement
D. Human behavior through the eyes of
B. Brainstorm for ideas the observer and person, growth and po-
C. Make a list of key words tential
D. Define your topic as a focused re- 28. A psychologist wants to see if growing up
search question in a collectivist society has influenced Billy.
Which approach should be used?
23. Generally, inductive approaches is:
A. Behaviorism
A. Quarantine
B. Biology
B. Quantitative
C. Socio-Cultural
C. Qualitative
D. Humanism
D. Questionnaire
29. Which of the following groups changed the
24. Of the following, who is a humanistic psy- definition of Psychology to “the scientific
chologist? study of observable behavior”?
A. Abraham Maslow A. Humanists
B. John Watson B. Psychodynamic psychologists
C. William James C. Cognitive psychologists
D. Sigmund Freud D. Behaviorists

1.10 Types of Research 37
30. What does cognitive thinking focus on? B. Cognitive

A. thoughts and decisions C. Humanism

B. biological structures D. socio-cultural
C. rewards and punishments 32. What is a placebo effect?
D. natural selection A. The “cause” variable
31. What approach focuses on how childhood B. The variable that is affected
memories and events and the unconscious C. Experimental results caused by expec-
mind that affects behavior? tations alone
A. Psychoanalitic D. Stays the same
1.10 Types of Research

1. The purpose of Basic research is to test or 4. The exploration of new phenomena in this
apply an existing principle or theory with way may help the researcher’s need for
specific purpose of improving human condi- better understanding, may test the feasi-
tion. bility of a more extensive study, or deter-
A. TRUE mine the best methods to be used in a sub-
sequent study.
B. FALSE
A. Exploratory Research
C. I DON’T KNOW
B. Explanatory Research
D. none of above
C. Descriptive Research
2. Mr. S. has 120 students total. Mr. S.
D. Action Research
wants to know how students feel about
the interest in the class so far. Which re- 5. Primary data results from gathering
search method would most effectively in- data from firsthand experience, from in-
vestigate the question? terviews and surveys, or from direct ob-
A. Naturalistic observation servation.
B. Survey A. second-hand
C. Experimental study B. published
D. Case Study C. correct
3. It uses correlations to study relationships D. original
between dimensions or characteristics of
individuals, groups, situations, or events. 6. In which field does quantitative research
usually takes place?
A. Exploratory Research
A. Humanities
B. Longitudinal Research
B. Pharmacy
C. Explanatory Research (Causal Re-
search) C. Psychology
D. Qualitative Research D. Sociology

7. When the researcher has to use the facts 12. Use statistical tools
or information already available and make A. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
a critical evaluation of the material:
B. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
A. Analytical Research C. BOTH
B. Applied Research D. none of above
C. Qualitive Research 13. A method of systematic enquiry that teach-
D. Quantity Research ers undertake as researchers of their own
NARAYAN CHANGDER
practice
8. Vaccines, medicines, smartphone, modern- A. Applied Research
ized jeepney are some of the products of
B. Basic Research
what kind of research?
C. Action Research
A. Ethnographic Research
D. Descriptive Research
B. Basic Research
14. The Purpose of Applied Research are to
C. Applied Research create new knowledge, theories and prin-
D. none of above ciples.
A. TRUE
9. A group of participants is observed over
B. FALSE
an extended period of time.
C. I DON’T KNOW
A. Testing Method
D. none of above
B. Case-Study Method
15. It aims is to get the meaning, feeling and
C. Longitudinal Method describe the situation.
D. Cross-Sectional Method A. Quantitative Research
B. Qualitative Research
10. In an applied research one solves certain
problems employing well known and ac- C. Mixed Research
cepted theories and principles. D. Applied Research
A. Qualitative Research 16. “Expo facto” is a synonym for:
B. Quantitative Research A. Qualitive Research
C. Basic Research B. Appplied Research
D. Applied Research C. Quantitive Research
D. Descriptive Research
11. It is numerical, non-descriptive, applies
statistics or mathematics and uses num- 17. There are different types of research
bers. which are classified according to their dis-
tinctive features
A. Applied Research
A. TRUE
B. Mixed Research B. FALSE
C. Qualitative Research C. I DON’T KNOW
D. Quantitative Research D. none of above

18. Agnes immersed herself to the Aeta com- C. Explanatory Research

munity to study their social skills. D. Descriptive Research

24. A student just got suspended for defiant
B. Descriptive Research behavior. The dean researched the stu-
C. Phenomenological Research dents background and found that they had
been suspended multiple times for simi-
D. none of above
lar issues in middle school. What kind of
19. The opinions are objective method did the dean use?
A. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH A. Experimental
B. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH B. Case study
C. BOTH C. Survey
D. none of above D. Naturalistic observation
20. Pure research deals with concepts, princi- 25. What are the two main variables in a ex-
ples, or abstract things periment?
A. TRUE A. Independent and dependent

B. Quantitative and Qualitative
B. FALSE
C. Descriptive and Observations
C. I DON’T KNOW
D. Predatory and Pricing
D. none of above
26. Experimental journals and lab reports both
21. What are examples of Quantitative data?
focus on purposes, procedures, and of
A. Smell, touch, taste, hearing and sight. a lab experiment.
A. results
B. Tested and measured B. possible causes
C. Surveys Data trackers forms such C. opportunities
as:Sales, profit, & loss reports
D. hypothetical situations
D. Changed/ controlled
27. It is a design concerned with the extent
22. A student-researcher examines if the fre- of relationships that exists between and
quent use of social media has something to among variables.
do with poor communication skills.
A. Survey Research Design
A. Historical Research
B. Experimental Research Design
B. Ethnographic Research
C. Causal-Comparative Research Design
C. Correlational Research
D. Correlational Research Design
D. none of above
28. Reports employing this type of research
23. It is directed toward studying “what” and focus on the question ‘How can problem
how many off this “what”. ‘X’ be solved or prevented?’
A. Action Research A. Policy-oriented Research
B. Longitudinal Research B. Longitudinal Research

C. Exploratory Research 34. Percy wants to produce a quantitative re-

search. What are the things should Percy
D. Explanatory Research
consider?
29. Secondary data results from reading what A. Objective and random sampling
have published, experienced, or ob- B. Objective and multiple methods
served.
C. Random sampling and multiple meth-
A. you ods
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. others D. Objective, multiple methods, mathe-
C. we matically based methods
D. no one 35. The type of research generally used by

philosophers or thinkers to develop new
30. It refers to a research that describes the concepts or reinterpret the existing ones:
experience of an individual to gain insights A. Empirical Research
into that person’s actions.
B. Analytical Research
C. Conceptual Research
B. Correlational Research
D. Applied Research
C. Phenomenological Research
36. What compose the experimental re-
D. none of above search?
31. Data gathering activities use deductive A. Control group
method B. Experimental group
A. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH C. Experimental and match group
B. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH D. Experimental and control group
C. BOTH 37. Qualitative data can be observed but not
D. none of above
A. Scientific
32. To identify similarities and differences be- B. Measured
tween units at all levels
C. Collected
A. Policy-oriented Research
D. Studied
B. Descriptive Research
38. Experimental group
C. Comparative Research
A. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
D. Explanatory Research
B. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
33. Surveys are: C. BOTH
A. Fundamental Research D. none of above
B. Descriptive Research 39. Empirical research is also called:
C. Applied Research A. Experimental Research
D. none of above B. Procedural Research

C. Analytical Research 45. Descriptive Research aims at defining or

D. none of above giving a verbal portrayal or picture of
a person, thing, event, group, situation,

40. Researchers compare the differences and etc.
similarities of among different people in A. TRUE
different age groups at a given time.
B. FALSE
A. Testing Method
C. I DON’T KNOW
D. none of above
C. Longitudinal Method
D. Cross-Sectional Method 46. What kind of research is utilized to deter-
mine the relationship among variables?
41. People inclined to do quantitative research
wants to discover truth in A. Correlational Research
A. exact manner B. Basic Research

B. careful way C. Experimental Research
C. indirect way D. none of above
D. personal way
47. This research involves the study of past
42. A researcher interviews a cancer survivor events to examine the patterns and learn
regarding his struggles and motivations from these.
while fighting cancer. A. Historical Research
A. Basic Research B. Correlational Research
B. Phenomenological Research C. Exploratory Research
C. Exploratory Research
D. none of above
D. none of above
48. All of the following uses quantitative re-
43. Researchers conduct in-depth investiga- search except
tions of individuals or small groups.
A. Biology
A. Testing Method
B. Chemistry
C. Education
C. Longitudinal Method
D. Physics
D. Cross-Sectional Method
44. Applied research aims at: 49. Participants are observed in a controlled
setting.
A. formulating a theory
A. Naturalistic Observation Method
B. finding a solution to a problem
B. Laboratory-Observation Method
C. reporting what has happened or what
is happening C. Survey Method
D. none of above D. Experimental Method

1.11 Research design 42
50. All are findings of quantitative research C. I DON’T KNOW

EXCEPT D. none of above
A. Grade 11 students perceived that
studying Senior High School is more com- 52. People respond to a series of questions
plicated. about a particular subject.
A. Naturalistic Observation Method
B. 85% of the total population of Senior
High perceived that studying STEM is diffi- B. Laboratory-Observation Method
cult.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Survey Method
C. Out of 120 TVL students, 95 find good D. Experimental Method
facilities will enhance their skills.
53. Which presents the findings of a quantita-
D. The mean average about perception tive research?
on facilities is 3.50 which means evident.
A. Many prefer to study with textbooks.
51. Correlation Research elaborates or ex- B. Students find textbooks indispensable
plains not just the reasons behind the rela- or necessary.
tionship of two factors, but also the ways
C. Perhaps, 30% consider textbook un-
by which such relationship exists.
necessary in their studies.
A. TRUE
D. Out of 100 college students, 90 find
B. FALSE textbook beneficial to their studies.
1.11 Research design

1. Which of the following is “an approach for A. A study into the role of social network-
exploring & understanding the meaning ining sites as an effective marketing com-
dividuals or groups ascribe to a social prob- munication channel
lem” (Creswell 2014)
B. An investigation into the ways of im-
A. Transformative research approach provement of quality of customer services
B. Qualitative research approach within hospitality sector in London
C. Quantitative research approach C. Market researchers that want to ob-
D. none of above serve habits of consumers.
D. none of above
2. Descriptive studies may help the research
to EXCEPT: 4. What design makes an individual distinct
A. Understand the characteristics of a from the others
group in a given situation. A. Case study
B. Think systematically about aspects in
B. Ethnography
a given situation.
C. Explore new areas of research. C. Historical
D. none of above D. Phenomenology
3. Examples of exploratory research design 5. It intends to provide a numeric description

EXCEPT: of trends, attitudes, or opinions of a pop-

ulation by studying a sample of that popu- C. Recording

lation. D. Review

A. Evaluative Study
11. Wanting to increase your understanding
B. Case Study of the burial practices of the Mangyans,
C. Tracer Study you choose the qualitative research design
called
D. Survey Research
A. Ethnographical
6. A great degree of man’s emotionality sur- B. Grounded theory
faces in what type of research design?
C. Historical
A. Case study
D. Phenomenological
B. Ethnography
12. Which of the following is not considered as
C. Historical
a definition of correlational design?
D. Phenomenology
A. Comparing results
7. What research design is used when one B. Explores the relationship between two
wants to follow up the development of cer- or more variables
tain conditions or particular sets of peo- C. Composed of predictor and criterion
ple? variables
A. Evaluative Study D. Variables consist of X and Y
B. Case Study
13. Descriptive research’s objective is to
C. Tracer Study
A. describe
D. Survey Research
B. explore
8. A researcher’s personal participation in C. test
people’s activities is necessary for D. none of above
A. Case Study
14. Which of the following does NOT describe
B. Ethnography a case study?
C. Historical A. in-depth research
D. Phenomenological B. uses respondents ranging from one to
a small sample size of less than 10
9. It refers to the study on the efficiency or
effectiveness of policies, instruments, or C. gathers relatively limited data
variables being considered. D. made over a considerable period of
A. Evaluative Study time
B. Case Study 15. A research design is a blueprint for the

collection, measurement, and analysis of
C. Tracer Study
data, based on of the study
D. Survey Research
A. the purpose
10. Zigzag sampling requires data B. the research questions
A. Accumulation C. the introduction
B. Analysis D. none of above

16. Which of the following best defines re- B. Design

search design? C. Question
A. Types of inquiry within broader re-
D. Title
search approaches that provide specific
direction for procedures when conducting 21. Which of the following is not considered as
research an example of experimental research de-
B. Types of inquiry within the quantitative sign?
research approach that provide specific
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. True Experimental
direction for procedures when conducting
research B. Pre-experimental
C. Types of inquiry within the qualitative C. Post-experimental
research approach that provide specific D. Quasi Experimental
direction for procedures when conducting
research 22. No research design means no research
D. None of the options presented A. Data
17. A research design is made up of things in- B. Direction
dicating C. Motivation
A. Craftmanship D. Title
B. Relationship
23. In what research design can this research
C. Separation
question be found:“Is there a difference
D. Singularity in the weekly photo uploads on Facebook
between MHPNHS male and female stu-
18. All of the following are qualitative re- dents?”
search designs except
A. Correlational Study
A. Experimental
B. Survey Research
B. Case study
C. Phenomenology C. Comparative Study
D. Ethnography D. Evaluative Study
19. What research design refers to compar- 24. Examples of research objectives for causal
ing differences in certain characteristics ac- research design EXCEPT:
cording to the variable being considered? A. To assess the impacts of foreign di-
A. Pre-experimental rect investment on the levels of economic
growth in Taiwan.
B. Correlational Study
B. To analyse the effects of re-branding
C. Comparative Study
initiatives on the levels of customer loy-
D. True Experimental alty.
20. The who, what, why, and how of your re- C. To investigate the work ethic values of
search study are determined by your re- employees working in branch A are differ-
search ent from those in branch B.
A. Data D. none of above

1.12 Characteristics of research 45
25. Exploratory research often relies on C. Instructions

research such as review of the literature
D. Theories
and/or approaches to data gathering.

A. primary, quantitative 27. Which of the following is “an approach
B. secondary, quantitative for testing objective theories by exam-
ining the relationship among variables”
C. primary, qualitative
(Creswell 2014)
D. secondary, qualitative
A. Quantitative research
26. The Grounded theory involves a series of
B. Survey
A. Books C. Qualitative research

B. Designs D. none of above
1.12 Characteristics of research

1. Characteristics of research that should al- C. The absorption of Mario
ways be direct to the point
D. The experiment of Mario
A. Systematic
B. Specific 5. If a research involves careful judgement, it
is
C. Clean and clear
D. none of above A. Empirical
B. Analytical
2. If a research utilizes proven analytical pro-
cedures in gathering the data, it is C. Critical
A. Critical D. Logical
B. Logical
6. If a research is conducted through system-
C. Cyclical
atic observation, measurement, and ex-
D. Analytical periment, it is
3. A process that starts with a problem and A. Cyclical
ends with a problem
B. Logical
A. Cyclical
C. Empirical
B. Empirical
C. Logical D. Analytical
D. Analytical 7. In acronym SMART, what is R?

4. Mario wants to find out the absorption ca- A. Reliability
pacity of sponge he made. What is the
dependent variable in his experiment? B. Realistic
A. The absorption capacity of sponge C. Reasonability

B. The sponge he made D. Rigor

8. In research, all variables, except those C. Analytical

that are tested/ experimented on, are D. Methodical
kept constant.
14. Scientific research must be conducted in
A. Original work
simple and economic manner. This charac-
B. Objective teristic is
C. Controlled A. Parsimony
D. Employs hypothesis B. Objectivity
NARAYAN CHANGDER
9. Valid procedures and principles C. Generalisability
A. Replicability D. Replicability
B. Empirical 15. A researcher must have important reason

in doing the research. What is this charac-
C. Logical
teristic?
D. Methodical
A. testability
10. The research design and procedures are B. purposiveness
replicated C. replicability
A. Replicability D. objectivity
B. Critical
16. Characteristics of research that should al-
C. Analytical ways be based on direct experience and
D. Empirical observation and should provide an evi-
dences.
11. Characteristics of research that should al-
A. Systematic
ways be neat and understandable
B. Empirical
A. Systematic
C. Clean and clear
B. Specific
D. none of above
C. Clean and clear
17. There is a critical analysis of all data used
D. none of above
so that there is no error in the researcher’s
12. Requires effort to get at the researcher’s interpretations.
own investigation and produce the data A. Analytical
needed to complete the study.
B. Systematic
A. Logical C. Controlled
B. Empirical D. Original work
C. Systematic
18. Why research must be testable?
D. Original work
A. to conduct experiment
13. if a research follows orderly & sequential B. to find out if the research is correct
procedure, it is
C. to determine the relationship of vari-
A. Critical ables
B. Logical D. none of the choices is correct

19. Research should start with a problem and 25. Characteristics of research that should al-
ends with ways be based theories and other known
studies.

A. Solution
B. Problem A. Systematic
C. Observation B. Empirical
D. none of above
C. Scientific
20. Characteristics of research that should al- D. none of above
ways follow a step by step procedure
A. Systematic 26. In acronym SMART, the M stands for
B. Specific A. Messirable
C. Clean and clear
B. Missile
D. none of above
C. Measurable
21. If a research is conducted in a methodical
manner, it is D. Memorable
A. Critical
27. A research based on valid procedures and
B. Analytical principles.
C. Cyclical
A. Cyclical
D. Methodical
B. Logical
22. If a research starts with a problem and
ends with a problem, it is C. Empirical
A. Empirical D. Replicability
B. Logical
28. If a research is getting rid of anything that
C. Cyclical
cannot be validated and continuing with
D. Critical the things that can be validated, it is
23. Research means what? A. Cyclical
A. To search again B. Logical
B. Find solution to a certain problem
C. Empirical
C. Organized, Systematic and scientific
way of answering questions D. Analytical
D. All of the above
29. Direct Experience or Observation by the re-
24. Research is based on observations and ex- searcher
perimentation of theories.
A. Logical
A. Logical
B. Empirical
B. Objective
C. Employs hypothesis C. Critical
D. Empirical D. Replicability

30. Characteristics of research that should al- A. Testability

ways start with a problem and ends with B. Replicability
another problem
C. Generalisability
A. Cyclical
D. Objectivity
B. Empirical
36. It is gathering data about past, present
C. Scientific
and future
D. none of above
A. Methodical
NARAYAN CHANGDER
31. Conducted without bias using systematic B. Analytical
method and procedures
C. Empirical
A. Replicability
D. Replicability
B. Methodical
37. If a research doesn’t show any bias, it is
C. Empirical
D. Logical A. Logical
32. Research follows orderly and sequential B. Critical
procedures, based on valid procedures and C. Empirical
principles. What characteristic of research
D. Analytical
is being described?
A. Controlled 38. If a research is digging into a topic in a
valid way or a way that makes sense, it
B. Systematic
is
C. Formulate hypotheis
A. Empirical
D. Objective
B. Logical
33. Using systematic method and procedures C. Cyclical
A. Analytical D. Analytical
B. Cyclical 39. In acronym SMART, T means
C. Methodical A. Timer
D. Logical B. Time
34. If a research aims to solve a problem in C. Time-rebound
which solution leads to another problem, D. Time-bounded
it is
40. Research is based on observations and ex-
A. Analytical
perimentation of theories. It takes into ac-
B. Critical count the direct experiences that fuse the
C. Methodical researcher’s speculation with the reality.
D. Cyclical A. Employs hypothesis
B. Objective
35. Scientific research must deal with facts
rather than interpretations of facts. This C. Controlled
characteristic is D. Empirical

1.13 Scientific Inquiry 49
41. Utilizes proven analytical careful and pre- 46. Practical research 1 is also known as
cise judgement A. Quantitative Research

A. Critical B. Qualitative Research
B. Analytical
C. Experimental research
C. Methodical
D. none of above
D. Replicability
47. If a research requires evaluation of facts
42. If a research is done carefully, thoroughly, and information relative to the research
and in order such as careful recording of being conducted to find the most relevant
observations and theories, it is information, it is
A. Methodical A. Analytical
B. Analytical B. Empirical
C. Logical C. Logical
D. Cyclical D. Methodical
43. Starts and ends with a problem
48. A research exhibits careful and precise
A. Empirical judgement
B. Replicability A. Critical
C. Analytical B. Logical
D. Cyclical C. Methodical
44. Design and procedures are replicated or re- D. Cyclical
peated to enable the researcher to arrive
at a valid and conclusive report 49. For us to see the problem in our community
we have to first.
A. Replicability
A. Solution
B. Logical
B. Problem
C. Cyclical
C. Observation
D. Empirical
D. none of above
45. What characteristic of research states that
research results must be applicable and ac- 50. A research based on direct experience or
ceptable worldwide. observation
A. Replicability A. Empirical
B. Generalizability B. Analytical
C. Rigor C. Critical
D. Objectivity D. Methodical
1.13 Scientific Inquiry

1. Analyzing the results of your experiment 6. The variable that causes a change is the
can be:
A. constant
A. obtaining data from your experiment
B. independent variable
B. organizing data into graphs and tables
C. dependent variable
C. doing calculations to learn more about D. control
your results
7. The variable that is being measured
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. both (b) and (c)
A. independent variable
2. Qualitative observation or data involves
what? B. dependent variable
A. Nothing C. control variable
B. Numbers D. none of above
C. Senses
8. What variable in an experiment is mea-
D. studying for the quiz sured? For example:measuring the
3. What are observations that deal with num- amount of mold on bread
bers? A. Dependent variable
A. Inferring B. Operational Definition
B. Predicting
C. Independent Variable
C. Quantitative
D. Control Variable
D. Qualitative
9. What do you do if you have an anomalous
4. Which of the following describes a scien-
result?
tific law?
A. People have the right to a speedy trial. A. Include the result in when taking an av-
erage
B. Any two objects in the universe attract B. Exclude the result when taking an av-
each other with a force called gravity. erage
C. The universe may have begun from an C. Edit and change the result without any-
explosion (or big bang) from a single point. one knowing
D. none of above
D. Students must wear their safety gog-
gles in the lab. 10. What is a statement that describes how to
measure a particular variable? For exam-
5. If I ride my bike to school instead of walk-
ple:use a tape measure and measure to the
ing, then I will get to school faster. What
nearest inch
is the dependent variable?
A. Operational Definition
A. True
B. How fast you get to school B. Independent Variable
C. Riding a bike or walking C. Control Variable Scientific Inquiry
D. False D. Scientific Law

11. Reasoning based on evidence C. reactant

A. Empirical evidence D. solute

B. Subjective reasoning 17. The first step of a scientific enquiry is the
C. Objective reasoning A. hypothesis
D. Skepticism B. aim
12. A scientist wants to see if watering a C. variables
flower every day will result in better D. method
growth. What is the manipulated vari-
able? 18. Facts, figures and other evidence collected
A. amount of water A. Pie

B. Cake
B. plant growth
C. Math
C. temperature
D. Data
D. ruler
19. The variable that is the result of the ex-
13. By looking for research bias and errors you periment is the
can do which of the following
A. constant
A. analyze scientific claims
B. ask scientific questions
C. design an experiment
D. control
D. conduct an experiment
20. What statement is an inference?
14. Scientific inquiry usually begins by: A. There are two fish in the bowl.
A. forming a hypothesis B. They are eating their food.
B. running an experiment C. They like their food.
C. constructing a theory D. Both fish are blue.
D. making an observation
21. Dependent variable means
15. T8-The Independent Variable is repre- A. the scientist controls what to test
sented on which Axis? B. educated guess
A. A C. ask a question
B. X D. what is being measured
C. B
22. Statement:How does the amount of light
D. Y affect bacteria growth in a pond? Ques-
tion:Determine the independent variable.
16. A is a substance that increases the rate
of a reaction without being used up during A. bacteria growth
the reaction. B. human mouth
A. catalyst C. amount of light
B. product D. bacteria

23. What is the proper hypothesis format? C. control variable

A. “If because then” D. none of above
B. “If than because”
29. If students study for the scientific method
C. “If then because” test, then they will have a better test
D. “If because than” score. What is the dependent variable?
A. Scientific Method
24. “Ice will melt faster in salt water than in
NARAYAN CHANGDER
fresh water.”, is an example of a(n) B. Studying
A. Hypothesis C. Independent variable
B. Question D. Test score
C. Analysis
30. Which is NOT a source of reliable back-
D. Conclusion ground information
25. Understanding scientific terms and princi- A. a biased organization
ples well enough to ask questions, evalu-
B. a government agency
ate information, and make decisions
C. a magazine
A. opinion
B. scientific literacy D. a museum
C. evidence 31. What is often the first step in scientific in-

D. objective reasoning quiry
A. developing a hypothesis
26. What is the justification that connects the
evidence to the claim? The process of B. posing a question
drawing a conclusion on the basis of evi- C. designing an experiment
dence
D. collecting data
A. Recognizing
B. Responding 32. The factor that is purposely changed
C. Regulating A. Hypothesis
D. Reasoning B. independent variable
27. A possible answer to a scientific question C. Dependent variable
A. Independent variable D. controlled experiment
B. Hypothesis
33. The name of the information that you get
C. Observation from your experiment (you organize it into
D. Scientific inquiry charts and graphs).
A. observationsconclusion
28. The variable that is being tested or
changed B. data
A. independent variable C. variables
B. dependent variable D. hypothesis

34. Which of the following describes a scien- 39. Which group contains the independent
tific process? variable?

A. Jon claims that cities are better than A. Experimental Group
towns. He finds 12 people who agree with
him as evidence to support his claim. B. Control Group
B. Kyra starts to believe in vampires after C. Constants
she sees a movie that has vampires in it
D. Participants
C. Pedro plants a sapling in his front yard.
He observes and measures it each day.
40. “Will ice melt faster in salt water?”, is an
Using his observations, he hypothesizes
example of a
that the leaves grow most in the sprin
D. Justine drinks eight glasses of water A. Hypothesis
every day because she saw a presentation B. Question
in health class about water being good for
you. C. Dependent variable
35. What is a factor that can change in an ex- D. Control

periment?
41. An error in the design of the experiment
A. Claim
making an certain result more likely
B. Variable
C. Scientific Inquiry
D. Hypothesis B. dependent variable
36. Which one is NOT a good way to gather C. data

info? D. bias
A. Google it and use good sources
B. Ask the gals in the bathroom 42. A series of steps used by scientists to
solve a problem or answer a question.
C. Interview an expert
D. Read a book A. scientific method
37. A generalization that makes sense of ob- B. recipe

servations by using logical reasoning C. data collection
A. bias
D. metric system
B. repeated trial
C. replication 43. Grinding a effervescent tablet into pow-
D. scientific explanation der increases the rate of reaction due to
increased
38. What is a good place to research?
A. concentration
A. Ask my pet dog
B. surface area
B. Instagram
C. The internet (with credible sources!) C. temperature
D. My 2nd grade cousin D. reactants

44. What is a statement that describes what C. Predicting

scientists expect to happen every time un- D. Collecting
der a particular set of conditions? For ex-
ample:law of gravity 49. Which side of a penny will hold more drops
A. Communicating of water? Choose the best hypothesis.
B. Scientific Inquiry A. If the heads side of a penny is used,

then it will hold more drops of water than
C. Scientific Theory tails.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Scientific Law B. Heads
45. Sandra claims that invisible fairies live C. Tails
above the clouds where no one can see, D. Tails will hold more drops of water.
hear or feel them. Which of the following
is true? 50. What are diverse ways that scientists
study the natural world and propose ex-
A. Sandra’s claim is a hypothesis that she
planations based on evidence?
could test with the scientific method.
A. Scientific Law
B. Sandra’s claim is not scientific be-
cause it is not testable. B. Scientific Theory
C. Sandra’s claim is a law based on em- C. Scientific Inquiry
pirical evidence. D. Scientific Calculator
D. Sandra’s claim is not scientific be-
51. What variable in an experiment is the ma-
cause no one famous would agree with
nipulated variable, or the variable that
her.
the scientists changes?For example:keep
46. Involves evaluating observations and data bread at room temp, and keep another one
to reach a conclusion about them in the refrigerator-here you are changing
the temps on purpose to see what hap-
A. observing pens.
B. predicting A. Operational Definition
C. analyzing B. Control Variable
D. classifying C. Dependent Variable
47. based on personal feelings or personal val- D. Independent Variable
ues
52. Which of the following would react fastest
A. subjective reasoning in sweet tea?
B. objective reasoning A. a sugar cube
C. data B. a sugar cube cut in half
D. empirical evidence C. a sugar cube cut in fourths
48. Grouping items together based on similar- D. a sugar cube crushed into powder
ities 53. Information obtained through one or more
A. Inferring of the five senses.
B. Classifying A. hypothesis

B. observation B. Hypothesis
C. predict C. Question

D. infer D. Results
54. Which group does NOT contain any vari- 59. Gathering information and learning every-
able?This is the comparison group. thing you can about the topic.
A. Experimental Group A. Research
B. Control Group B. Hypothesis
C. Constants C. Conclusion
D. Participants D. Analysis
55. What is the correct conversion? 2 m = 60. What does scientific inquiry begin with?
mm A. a hypothesis
A. 20 B. a question
B. 200 C. an observation
C. 2, 000 D. a fact
D. 20, 000 61. What is the third step of the scientific
method?
56. On which of the following could a scientific
claim be based? A. Make an observation
A. a famous athlete’s speech B. Make a hypothesis
B. a religious text C. Ask a question
C. superstitions and folklore D. Analyze the results
D. experiments and studies 62. What is a constant?

A. the normal situation
57. Which of the following would be a scien-
tific theory? B. the thing we measure in the end
A. the hypothesis that if you increase the C. the thing we are testing
temperature of water, then sugar will dis- D. the thing we keep the same for every
solve quicker part of the experiment
B. the statement that objects in motion
63. repetition of an experiment
tend to stay in motion
A. bias
C. a belief in ghosts that humans cannot
see or feel B. repeated trial
D. an explanation of why global tempera- C. replication
tures are rising D. scientific explanation
58. If plants are exposed to sunlight, then 64. What is a constant variable for the hypoth-
they will grow taller. What part of the esis:If ice melts in salt & fresh water, then
scientific method is this an example of? it will melt faster in salt water.
A. Procedure A. The amount of salt

B. The melt Time 70. What is the correct conversion?83.32

C. The fresh water. grams = kilograms
A. 833.2 kilograms
D. The temperature of the water
B. 8.332 kilograms
65. Facts, figures, and other evidence collected
C. 0.8332 kilograms
during a scientific investigation
D. 0.08332 kilograms
A. data
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. subjective reasoning 71. What variable “RESPONDS to a change”
in an experiment?
C. objective reasoning
A. Independent
D. skepticism
B. Dependent
66. In a controlled experiment, how many in- C. Control
dependent variables can be worked with
D. Intervals
at a time?
A. one 72. “I predict that Ice will melt faster in salt
water.”, would make a good
B. none
A. Hypothesis
C. two or more
B. Question
D. how ever many makes sense.
C. Analysis
67. Mr. Southworth wrote down how many D. Conclusion
students received Bark Awards so he
would have 73. Ana error in the design of an experiment
A. Inferences A. bias
B. Predictions B. repeated trial
C. Quantitative Observations C. replication
D. Qualitative Observations D. scientific explanation
74. Decide what the results mean and commu-

68. In an experiment, what is not tested and
nicate that info with others!
is used as a comparison?
A. Conclusion
A. Independent Variable
B. Hypothesis
B. Constant
C. Test
C. Dependent Variable
D. Research
D. Control
75. An educated guess about what you think
69. What does CER stands for? will happen in your experiment.
A. Claim, Evidence, and Regulating A. Data
B. Claim, Evaluation, Reasoning B. Results
C. Claim, Evidence, and Reasoning C. Conclusion
D. Claim, Evaluation, Regulating D. Hypothesis

76. The study of storm patterns: 81. an attempt by a different group of scien-
A. Geology tist to conduct the same experiment

B. Meteorology A. repeated trial
C. Astronomy B. replication
D. Oceanography C. data
D. subjective reasoning
77. “Ice will melt faster in salt water.”, would
make a good
82. Which of these is a qual itative observa-
A. Hypothesis tion?
B. Question A. The boy is 5 feet tall.
C. Analysis B. There are six birds in the tree.
D. Conclusion C. The birds are tiny.
78. How do different colored lights affect D. There are more blue birds than black
plant growth?What is the Independent birds.
Variable?
83. When you explain or interpret things that
A. Blue Light
you observe, you are
B. Different Colored Lights
A. classifying
C. Plant Growth
B. predicting
D. Amount of Light
C. inferring
79. An experiment is performed on plants D. observing
to see how different liquids affect plant
growth. Each plant in the experiment is 84. Products will form faster if
given a different liquid; water, apple juice,
or milk. Each plant has the same amount A. the particle size of the reactants are
of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same larger.
music. In this investigation, the indepen- B. temperature is decreased.
dent variable is
C. concentration of the reactants are in-
A. The type of plant creased.
B. The amount of sunlight D. the reaction is not stirred.
C. The type of music
85. Four light sticks are placed in water baths
D. The type of liquid
of varying temperatures. At which tem-
80. What are factors that do NOT change dur- perature would the light stick glow the
ing the experiment? brightest?
A. Participants A. 0◦ C
B. Experimental Group B. 20◦ C
C. Control Group C. 30◦ C
D. Constants D. 40◦ C

86. In a(n) a scientist determines how one A. The scientist should form a hypothesis
particular variable affects the outcome of and design an experiment.
the experiment. B. The scientist should record and com-
A. controlled experiment municate his hypothesis and results.
B. hypothesis C. The scientist should draw conclusions
C. variable based on the observation.
D. data D. The scientist should collect data and
NARAYAN CHANGDER
organize it into tables.
87. A summary of what you have learned from
a scientific experiment is called a(n) 92. Experiment where only one variable is
changed at a time
A. hypothesis
A. Hypothesis
B. answer
C. conclusion
D. result C. Dependent variable
D. controlled experiment
88. What is a statement or conclusion that an-
swers the original question/problem? 93. Statement:How does the amount of light
A. Evidence affect bacteria growth in a pond? Ques-
tion:Determine the x-axis label.
B. Reasoning
A. Amount of Light
C. Communicating
B. Pond
D. Claim
C. Number of participants
89. This variable in an experiment is the one
D. Bacteria Growth
being changed by the scientist.
A. dependent variable 94. What can be defined as:a possible expla-
B. independent variable nation for a set of observations, or an ed-
ucated guess that must be “testable.”
C. data
A. Scientific Theory
D. control group
B. Communicating
90. Statement:How does the amount of light C. Hypothesis
affect bacteria growth in a pond? Ques-
tion:Determine a constant in this experi- D. Claim
ment.
95. A scientist wants to see if watering a
A. Amount of light flower every day will result in better
B. Pond growth. What is the responding vari-
able?
C. amount of bacteria
A. amount of water
D. none of above
B. plant growth
91. A scientist asked a question that was
based on an observation. Which is the C. temperature
next step the scientist should take? D. ruler

96. The procedure(s) used to test a hypothe- 101. Scientific Question:Does being tardy im-
sis. pact test scores?What is the responding
variable?

A. observation
A. test scores
B. experiment
B. the time a student arrives to class
C. infer
C. amount of time to complete test
D. control
D. none of above
97. To evaluate scientific information, you
102. The factor that may change in response
must first distinguish between which of
to the manipulated variable is called the
the following
A. fact and fiction
A. variable
B. evidence and opinion
B. manipulated variable
C. questions and answers C. responding variable
D. research and experiments D. result
98. The rate of a reaction increases as temper- 103. Scientific is a process that uses a set
ature of skills to answer questions or test ideas
A. Decreases about the natural world.
B. Increases A. process
B. Inquiry
C. Stays the Same
C. law
D. none of above
D. theory
99. What is the name of the variable that is
PURPOSELY kept the same in an experi- 104. A possible explanation for a set of obser-
ment, so it can be a fair experiment? vations or answer to a scientific question
is called a
A. constant
A. prediction
B. dependent variable
B. hypothesis
C. independent variable
C. theory
D. none of above
D. law
100. How do scientists come up with scientific 105. When experimenting with the growth of
investigations? a plant, a scientist uses three (of the same
A. make hypotheses type of) plants, two different fertilizers,
equal light, and equal water. What type
B. Make observations about the natural
of variable is the fertilizer?
world
A. Dependent
C. make predictions about the natural
world B. Independent
D. make guesses and test to see if they C. Control

are correct D. Compound

106. are facts, figures and other evidence 111. Which of the following describes empiri-
gathered through observations. cal evidence?
A. data A. dogs are good pets
B. results B. dogs can speak English
C. variables
C. dogs have two eyes and two ears
D. answers
D. pet dogs should be allowed at school
prom
NARAYAN CHANGDER
107. What can be defined as:Scientific data
that supports the claim. It is generated
from the experiment. This evidence can be 112. T8-If you get at least 6 hours of sleep,
qualitative or quantitative. you will do better on tests than if you get
less sleep.What is the independent vari-
A. Evaluate
able in this experiment?
B. Evidence
A. Amount of Sleep
C. Reasoning
B. Test Scores
D. Recognize
C. Amount of Coffee
108. The plant has grown 4 cm since yester-
day. D. Type of Bed
A. Qualitative 113. one factor that is purposely changed to
B. Quantitative test a hypothesis
C. Both A. data
D. Neither B. empirical evidence
109. What variable in an experiment is C. independent variable
measured?-it is also called the respond-
ing variable. For example:measuring the D. dependent variable
amount of mold on bread
114. is a way of learning about the natural
A. Dependent variable world and the knowledge gained through
B. Operational Definition that process.
C. Independent Variable A. data
D. Control Variable B. controlled experiment
110. A scientific theory is a C. science
A. guess that some scientists believe. D. variable
B. guess that once was a hypothesis and
might one day become a law. 115. Testing a hypothesis often involves a(n):
C. well-tested explanation for a wide A. answer
range of observations or experimental re- B. experiment
sults.
C. problem
D. law that scientists no longer like and
are trying to modify. D. safety check

116. Which is NOT a step in the scientific 121. The process of gathering evidence about
method? he natural world and proposing explana-
tions based on this evidence

A. Make observation
A. hypothesis
B. Form a theory
C. Collect data
C. bias
D. Form a hypothesis
D. scientific inquiry
117. A set of beliefs that may make use of sci-
122. You are doing an experiment record-
ence, but the conclusions and predictions
ing the growth of plants under different
are not based on observation or scientific
amounts of sunlight. What is the depen-
evidence
dent variable?
A. subjective reasoning
A. The sunlight
B. objective reasoning B. The growth
C. empirical evidence C. The experiment
D. pseudoscience D. The amounts of photons
118. Which of the following would make a 123. What is the last stage of the scientific
good PROBLEM? process
A. How many students in our science A. hypothesis
class have blue eyes? B. pose question
B. 15 students have blue eyes. C. share findings
C. Every dog in the whole universe has D. test hypothesis
blue eyes.
124. The factor of an experiment that might
D. none of above change because of the independent vari-
able
119. Branches of Science:What branch of sci-
ence studies matter and its interactions A. Hypothesis
with energy and itself? B. independent variable
A. Biology C. Dependent variable
B. Earth Science D. controlled experiment
C. Physics 125. An attitude of having doubt
D. Chemistry A. Empirical evidence
120. A process that uses a variety of skills and B. Subjective reasoning

tools to answer questions. C. Objective reasoning
A. Problem Solving D. Skepticism
B. Scientific Inquiry 126. Based on evidence
C. Inference A. subjective reasoning
D. Scientific Process B. objective reasoning

C. data B. Dependent Variable

D. empirical evidence C. Controlled Variable
127. Put the stages of the scientific inquiry D. Operational Definition

process in order
132. A testable explanation to a problem that
A. Experiment, Data, Question, Hypothe- has not yet been tested.
sis, Conclusion, Communication
A. data
B. Question, Hypothesis, Experiment,
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. theory
Data, Conclusion, Communication
C. hypothesis
C. Question, Hypothesis, Experiment,
Data, Conclusion, Communication D. fact
D. none of above 133. What is the correct conversion?287 hL =
kL
128. Data that are collected using scientific
processes that describe particular observa- A. 28.7 kL
tions B. 2.87 kL
A. empirical evidence C. 0.287 kL
B. data D. 0.0287 kL
C. subjective reasoning
134. Scientific Question:Does being tardy im-
D. objective reasoning pact test scores?What is the manipulated
129. The rate of a chemical reaction is NOT af- variable?
fected by which of the following: A. test scores
A. temperature B. the time a student arrives to class
B. concentration C. amount of time to complete test
C. particle size (surface area) D. none of above
D. All of these affect reaction rates
135. What are facts, figures, and other evi-
130. Will a construction paper air plane fly dence gathered through observations?
faster than an airplane made from note- A. Hypothesis
book paper? Choose the best hypothesis.
B. Varibale
A. If a paper airplane is made from note-
C. Reasoning
book paper, then it will fly faster than con-
struction paper. D. Data
B. Yes. 136. an idea that may be formed from evi-
C. No. dence but has not been confirmed by ev-
idence
D. I think the construction paper air plane
will fly faster. A. evidence
131. Factor that you keep the same in an ex- B. objective reasoning
periment C. subjective reasoning
A. Independent Variable D. opinion

137. Scientific Inquiry is a fancy term for B. 1

A. Natural thinking process C. between 1 and 5

B. Newton’s Law D. as many as needed
C. Scientific Method 143. During an experiment, if you purposely
D. Science Thinking change the temperature to test a hypothe-
sis, the temperature is called the
138. includes observations and conclusions
A. variable
that have been repeated
B. manipulated variable
A. evidence
C. responding variable
B. data
D. result
C. objective reasoning
144. The is the thing you are manipulating
D. subjective reasoning
or controlling to see the effects of during
139. What variable in an experiment is the the experiment.
manipulated variable? For example:keep A. Independent Variable
bread at room temp, and keep another one
B. Dependent Variable
in the refrigerator-here you are changing
the temps on purpose to see what hap- C. Control Group
pens. D. Experimental Group
A. Operational Definition 145. What is the independent variable for the
B. Control Variable hypothesis:If ice melts in salt & fresh wa-
C. Dependent Variable ter, then it will melt faster in salt water.
D. Independent Variable A. The amount of water

B. The melt time
140. Precise, logical, and consistant data col-
C. The size of the ice cube
lection
D. The amount of salt
A. Empirical evidence
B. Subjective reasoning 146. A scientific experiment in which only one
variable is changed at a time is called
C. Objective reasoning
D. Skepticism
141. Which statement best describes a scien- C. data
tific question?
A. It must be testable.
147. A boy waters one plant with fresh wa-
B. It must be original.
ter and one with salt water and measures
C. It must be based on a hypothesis. growth. What is the control?
D. It must be supported by data. A. plant with salt water
142. How many manipulated variables does B. plant with fresh water
an experiment have? C. growth of salt water plant
A. 0 D. growth of fresh water plant

148. Which of the following is an example of 152. Using one or more of your senses to
pseudoscience? gather information
A. A claim that pretends to be scientific A. classifying
but has not actually been tested B. observing
B. A hypothesis that the results did not C. inferring
support
D. predicting
C. A theory that has been modified based
153. Deals with numbers or amounts when ob-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
on new evidence
serving
D. A law that describes a phenomenon ob-
A. quantitative observation
servable only at some scales
B. qualitative observation
149. Which of the following describes the re- C. inferring observation
lationship between scientific theories and
scientific laws? D. classifying observation
A. A law can describe a phenomenon, and 154. Making a statement or a claim about
a theory can give a possible explanation what happen in the future based on past
for it. experiences or evidence
B. A theory can state a simple guess, and A. predicting
a law can give more evidence to support B. observing
it.
C. classifying
C. Scientists might not believe in scien- D. inferring
tific laws, but everyone believes in scien-
tific theories. 155. The area of earth science that uses tele-
D. A law has more hypotheses to test scopes:
than a theory does. A. Astronomy
B. Biology
150. What is sharing of ideas and experimen-
tal findings with others through speaking C. Geology
and writing? D. Oceanography
A. Communicating 156. What is a study where only one variable
B. Scientific Theory is manipulated at a time?
C. Reasoning A. Control Variable
D. Claim B. Controlled Experiment

C. Operational Definition
151. The leaves on the plant are turning
D. Dependent Variable
brown.
A. Qualitative 157. Information obtained through one or
more of the five senses would be called
B. Quantitative an
C. Both A. hypothesis
D. Neither B. observation

C. predict 162. Controlled variable

D. infer A. will be measured/observed during an
experiment

158. T7-Jacob wants to record his results for
the temperature of each day in the past B. will be changed during an experiment
week. What graph or table should he C. will be kept constant during an experi-
use? ment
A. Data table D. none of above
B. Bar graph 163. What is the most important thing to do
C. histogram before you light the Bunsen Burner?
D. Line graph A. Practice with the flint striker
B. Open the Collar
159. Reasoning based on feeling
C. Close the Collar
A. Empirical evidence
D. Turn on the Gas
B. Subjective reasoning
C. Objective reasoning 164. A hypothesis is a(n)
D. Skepticism A. prediction
B. educated guess
160. an educated guess or a possible answer
to a scientific question C. proving answer
A. Hypothesis D. definition
B. independent variable 165. The educated guess you make at the be-
C. Dependent variable ginning of the scientific method is called
the
A. variable
161. What are the steps in the Scientific B. conclusion
Method?
C. hypothesis
A. Ask a Question, Make a Hypothesis, Do
D. procedure
Background research, Conduct an Experi-
ment, Analyze your data, Report your re- 166. During which step would you graph your
sults. data?
B. Ask a Question, Make a Hypothesis, A. Conclusion
Analyze your data, Do Background re- B. Problem
search, Conduct an Experiment, Report
your results. C. Hypothesis
C. Ask a Question, Do Background re- D. Analyze Data

search, Make a Hypothesis, Conduct an 167. The rate of a reaction is how a reac-
Experiment, Analyze your data, Report tion occurs.
your results.
A. Quickly
D. Ask a Question, Do Background re-
B. Easily
search, Conduct an Experiment, Make a
Hypothesis, Analyze your data, Report C. Unusually
your results. D. Differently

168. What is the name of the variable that is B. hypothesis

MEASURED in an experiment? C. conclusion
A. constant D. experiment
174. Statement:How does the amount of light
C. independent variable affect bacteria growth in a pond? Ques-
D. none of above tion:Determine the control group.
A. The group with light.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
169. What is the thing you are measuring or
recording in an experiment? B. The group without light.
A. Independent Variable C. There is no control group in this exper-
iment.
B. Dependent Variable
D. The group with a little bit of light.
C. Control Group
D. Constants 175. Step 1 of Scientific Inquiry is
A. Identify the Problem
170. What type of observation deals with de-
scriptions that cannot be expressed in num- B. Research
bers. C. Hypothesis
A. Quantitative observation D. Test Hypothesis (DATA)
B. Qualitative observation
176. T8-What do you need as part of your axis
C. Objective reasoning label?
D. Subjective reasoning A. variable and unit
171. What is the name of the variable that B. just variable
is PURPOSELY changed during an experi- C. just unit
ment?
D. neither variable nor unit
A. constant
177. This is a way of learning about the natu-
ral world
C. independent variable
A. English
D. none of above
B. History
172. A testable question that you want to C. Science
know the answer to. D. Library
A. Hypothesis
178. Enzymes in your body act as catalysts.
B. Problem Thus, the role of enzymes is to
C. Conclusion A. inhibit chemical reactions.
D. Experiment B. increase the rate of chemical reac-
173. Example:The plant receiving fertilizer tions.
grew taller than the plant receiving only C. decrease the rate of chemical reac-
water. tions.
A. research D. none of above

179. Which of the following correctly identi- B. The group that has no light.
fies the required parts of a graph? C. There is no experimental group.

A. Title, accuracy, labels, key, scale D. The group that has a lot of light.
B. Title, axes, labels, key, scale
185. A student wants to test the effects of
C. Title, axes, legend, key, scale type of exercise on heart rate. What is
D. Title, axes, labels, key, sentences the dependent variable?
180. A list of how to carry out the experiment A. heart rate

(instructions): B. type of exercise
A. hypothesis C. amount of exercise
B. conclusion D. time of day exercise occurs
C. procedure 186. The factor that may change in response
D. data to the independent variable
181. Mr. S. sets up an experiment to see how
the mass of a ball affects the distance it B. dependent variable
rolls off a ramp. Identify the independent C. empirical evidence
variable.
D. data
A. distance traveled by the ball
187. Why do we want to test one variable at
B. height of the ramp
a time?
C. mass of the ball
A. Because it is hard to setup a data table
D. weight of the ball with more
182. Rate of chemical reaction means B. To know what is causing the changes
A. amount of product formed C. It is what has always been done
B. speed of reaction D. No one really knows
C. concentration of reacting particles 188. grouping together items that are alike in
D. combining reactants with products some way
A. inferring
183. An explanation is a generalization that
makes sense of observations by using log- B. predicting
ical reasoning C. observing
A. replication D. classifying
B. repetition 189. Which of these is NOT a scientific obser-
C. data vation?
D. scientific explanation A. All birds have feathers.
184. Statement:How does the amount of light B. Some birds have colorful feathers.
affect bacteria growth in a pond? Ques- C. There are many different types of
tion:Determine the experimental group. birds.
A. The group that has light. D. Birds are a great pet.

190. Which step refers to collecting data by do- given a different liquid; water, apple juice,
ing an experiment? or milk. Each plant has the same amount
A. Research of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same
music. In this investigation, what is the
B. Test the Hypothesis dependent variable?
C. Conclusion A. Type of plant
D. Analyze data B. Water, apple juice, milk
NARAYAN CHANGDER
191. An attitude of having doubt, keeps scien- C. Plant growth
tists from accepting faulty ideas and may
D. none of above
lead to new understandings
A. data 196. Using your senses to describe a situation
B. skepticism is known as a:
C. pseudoscience A. quantitative observation

D. subjective reasoning B. hypothesis
C. qualitative observation
192. A list of the steps anyone could follow to
conduct an experiment. D. inference
A. obervations 197. During an experiment, which factors
B. question/problem must be controlled so that researchers can
C. materials draw a logical conclusion from the experi-
ment?
D. procedures/method
A. variables
193. Using of senses and scientific instruments
B. hypothesis
to describe a thing or event:
C. theories
A. observation
D. inquiries
B. inference
C. hypothesis 198. A way of learning about the natural
D. theory world
A. Hypothesis
194. A boy waters one plant with fresh wa-
ter and one with salt water and measures B. Quanitative
growth. What is the independent vari- C. Qualitative
able?
D. Science
A. salt water
B. fresh water 199. explaining things that you observe based
on prior knowledge or observations
C. growth of plants
A. inferring
D. none of above
B. Classifying
195. An experiment is performed on plants
C. observing
to see how different liquids affect plant
growth. Each plant in the experiment is D. experimenting

1.14 Philosophy of research 69
200. A possible explanation for an observa- 203. What variable can you “MANIPULATE”
tion that can be tested by a scientific in- or change” in an experiment?
vestigation is called what?

A. Independent
A. Observation B. Dependent
B. Theeory C. Control
C. Hypothesis D. Intervals
D. Scientific Law 204. When you tell what you think is going
to happen in the future. You are making
201. an attempt by a different group to con- a(an)
duct the same experiment
A. inference
A. bias
B. prediction
B. repeated trial C. testable question
C. replication D. conclusion
D. scientific explanation
205. What is a well-tested explanation for a
wide range of observations or experimen-
202. What type of tool would you use to make
tal results? For example:the Atomic The-
a qualitative observation?
ory
A. telescope A. Scientific Theory
B. ruler B. Scientific Law
C. thermometer C. Communicating
D. rain guage D. Operational Definition
1.14 Philosophy of research

1. How do we know what we claim to 3. is a branch of philosophy that studies
know?-is the question of judgements about value.
A. ontlology in Research A. ontlology in Research
B. epistemology in Research B. epistemology in Research
C. Axiology in Research C. Axiology in Research
D. none of above D. none of above
2. Can research be neutral or do our personal
4. A paradigm is:
values shape how we do research?-is a
question of A. a research tool.
A. ontlology in Research B. a cluster of beliefs and dictates which
B. epistemology in Research for scientists in a particular discipline in-
fluence what should be studied, how re-
C. Axiology in Research search should be done, and how results
D. none of above should be interpreted.

1.14 Philosophy of research 70
C. a set of students in a study group. B. Interpretativism

D. a research strategy. C. Ontology
5. Assumptions about individual contribution D. Epistemology
or relationships between individuals are
11. Business Research more related with
concerning:
A. ontlology in Research A. Hermeneutics
B. epistemology in Research B. Phenomenology
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Axiology in Research C. Symbolic interactionism
D. none of above D. All of the above
6. An essential Criterion of Scientific study is 12. is a branch of philosophy which is con-

cerned with the nature of social phenom-
A. Belief
ena as entities.
B. Value
A. Ontology
C. Objectivity
B. Epistemology
D. Subjectivity
C. Axiology
7. Which is NOT generally a characteristic of D. none of above
positivist research?
A. Control by the researcher 13. One of the methods of logical reasoning
process” is called
B. Hypothesis testing
A. Induction
C. Use of interview data
D. Replication B. Deduction
C. Research
8. The Greek meaning of Philosophy is
D. Experiment
A. Love of Knowledge
B. Knowledge and Wisdom 14. From which year UGC has insisted Ph.D a
minimum requirement to get into the post
C. Love of Wisdom
of Assistant Professor
D. Knowledge and Wisdom
A. 2021
9. Reasoning from general to particular “is B. 2022
called
C. 2023
A. Induction
D. No such requirement
B. deduction
C. Observation 15. the branch of metaphysics dealing with the
nature of being is
D. experience
A. ontlology in Research
10. he branch of philosophy that deals with
B. epistemology in Research
how knowledge of phenomena is acquired
is? C. Axiology in Research
A. Positivism D. none of above

1.15 Interdisciplinary research 71
16. Questions like “What is knowledge?” and 18. Do we make real freewill choices? Or, are
“What is truth?” are mainstays in the external forces controlling our outcome?-
branch of philosophy known as is a question of

A. Positivism A. ontlology in Research
B. Epistemology B. epistemology in Research
C. Ontology
C. Axiology in Research
D. axiology
D. none of above
17. What is positivism?
A. Positivism is an epistemological posi- 19. Who are we? What are we here for?-is
tion that advocates the application of the the question of
methods of the natural sciences to the A. ontlology in Research
study of social reality.
B. epistemology in Research
B. Positivism involves a dialogical pro-
cess between theory and the empirical C. Axiology in Research
phenomenon; this results in the produc- D. none of above
tion of ‘reflexive narratives, not explana-
tory models or theoretical propositions’. 20. What does the term ‘ontology’ mean?
C. Positivism is a way of thinking about A. Nature of social entities.
the research process and staying positive.
B. The study of cancer .
C. The study of the onto tribe.
D. Positivism is an outlook in life about
seeing things positively. D. The research into ontogeny.
1.15 Interdisciplinary research

1. In clinical practice as a physiotherapist, B. Language and Literature, Math
you suspect another member of your in- C. Arts and Language
terdisciplinary team may be following an
outdated post-surgical protocol with one D. IS and Math
of your shared patients. Which INT D 3. During a team meeting, two professionals
skill/activity will best help you deal with are spending too much time discussing a
this situation? conflict. Who is the main person responsi-
A. Conflict style inventory ble for progressing the team past this con-
flict?
B. TOSCE preparation and completion
A. Energizer
C. Rapid Rounds
B. Process Analyst
D. CORBS/OBEFA feedback strategies
C. Initiator
2. Identify the disciplines to form an IDU for D. Timekeeper
the following topic:Create an awareness
4. An interprofessional team holds a meeting
poster
with the patient to discuss their sugges-
A. PHE and IS tions for her care. However, many of the

1.16 Research and scientific methods 72
clinician suggestions did not fit into the pa- C. Administer an EpiPen from the phar-
tient’s lifestyle, or were incompatible with macy inventory without a physician pre-
her current routine. What team role could scription because pharmacists without
have best improved this? APA can prescribe in emergencies.
A. Initiator D. none of above
B. Advocate 6. To create an artwork and write an artis-
C. Process Analyst tic intention, identify the disciplines re-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
quired.
D. Energizer
A. Design, IS and Math
5. A patient comes into the community phar- B. Math, IH and Language
macy displaying signs of anaphylaxis from
C. Language Acquisition and Arts
eating a peanut cookie. They do not
have their EpiPen with them. In this cir- D. Math, IS and IH
cumstance, what can the pharmacist do
7. To treat a patient’s heart disease, a phar-
without additional prescribing authority
macist recommends a high dose of a medi-
(APA)?
cation, whereas a dietitian recommends a
A. Tell the patient’s family to call 911 lower dose of the medication and a special
because a pharmacist cannot prescribe diet. What approach
medication without APA despite the emer- A. Avoidance
gency
B. Adaptation
B. Call the physician’s office next door to
receive a phone order prescription of an C. Competition
EpiPen, then administer to the patient D. Cooperation
1.16 Research and scientific methods

1. In an appropriately designed experiment, 3. Which of these contains steps in the right
a scientist is able to test the effect of order?
A. a single variable A. Ask a question, state your hypothesis,
research, experiment, analyze, make a
B. multiple variables
conclusion
C. the hypothesis
B. State your hypothesis, ask a question,
D. scientific observations research, experiment, analyze, make a
conclusion
2. In a controlled experiment, the variable
C. Ask a question, research, state your
that is changed to test the hypothesis is
hypothesis, experiment, analyze, make a
called the-
conclusion
A. Controlled Variable
D. State your hypothesis, ask a question,
B. Responsive Variable research, make a conclusion, experiment,
C. Dependent Variable analyze
D. Independent Variable 4. What is the advantage of creating a model

of a dinosaur? of the cattle to see whether or not it

A. dinosaurs are too large to easily study works. WHAT IS THE INDEPENDENT VARI-
ABLE (IV)?

B. real dinosaurs cannot be studied be- A. Type of cow
cause they dies out long ago B. Antibiotic
C. dinosaurs are too complicated to study C. No Antibiotic
without a model D. Temperature of Cattle
D. the model is safer to work with
9. The response variable to what was tested
5. What is the scientific Method? (can be observed or measured)
A. A question A. independent variable
B. A series of answers B. dependent variable
C. A dog C. control variable
D. a method of research in which a prob- D. bias experiment
lem is identified, relevant data are gath-
10. What is the first step of the scientific
ered, a hypothesis is formulated from
method?
these data, and the hypothesis is empiri-
cally tested. A. observations
B. hypothesis
6. Nick wanted to see how high an ice cube
would float in different temperatures of C. question
water. Identify the independent variable. D. experiment
A. amount of water
11. Who made the scientific method?
B. height of ice cube
A. George Washington
C. temperature of water
B. Barrack Obama
D. size of ice cube
C. Francis Bacon
7. If I read this question carefully, then I will D. Ben Franklin
answer it correctly. What is the indepen-
dent variable? 12. When should you write a hypothesis?
A. I hope so A. After writing procedures
B. Yes B. After making observations and doing
research on a question/problem
C. Reading or not reading carefully
C. After buying materials for an experi-
D. Likelihood of a correct answer ment
8. You are managing a large feed lot. A phar- D. At the very beginning of the experi-
maceutical company wants you to try a ment
new antibiotic to treat shipping fever in
newly arrived cattle. The company claims 13. Researchers performing a well-designed
that it is more effective at a lower cost experiment should base their conclusions
than your current antibiotic you are us- on
ing. You will measure the temperature A. A-the hypothesis of the experiment

B. B-data from repeated trials of the ex- B. 1.Question 2. Gather materials 3. Test
periment the hypothesis 4. Formulate a conclusion
C. C-a small sample size to insure a reli- C. 1.Gather materials 2. Analyze data 3.
able outcome of the experiment Hypothesis 4. Question
D. D-results predicted before performing D. 1.Analyze data 2. Hypothesis 3. Ques-
the experiment tion 4. Gather materials
14. A biologist reported success in breeding a 18. A comprehension test was given to stu-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
tiger with a lion, producing healthy off- dents after they had studied textbook ma-
spring. Other biologists will accept this terial either in silence or working together.
report as fact only if What is a possible control variable?
A. A-research shows that other animals A. Comprehension Test Results
can be crossbred
B. The thickness of the text book
B. B-the offspring are given a scientific
name C. All students working in Silence
C. C-the biologist included a control in the D. Number of students working together

experiment and in Silence
D. D-other researchers can replicate the 19. Which best describes the purpose of a
experiment controlled experiment?to prevent an unde-
sired change in a variable
15. “I think someone released ants from their
ant farm near the front door of our A. to make sure the results of the experi-
school.” This describes what kind of sci- ment support the hypothesis
entific method? B. to prevent a dangerous condition re-
A. Ask a question sulting from a reaction
B. Form a hypothesis C. to examine whether one variable
causes a change in another
C. Analyze the results
D. Test a hypothesis D. to prevent an undesired change in a
variable
16. What are the steps of the scientific
Method? 20. Identify the observation below that shows
an object is being burnt and that it is going
A. question/problem, Research, Hypoth- through a chemical change.
esis, Test/experiment, Analyze results,
draw conclusions A. The object changes shape
B. Hypothesis, problem B. The object melts
C. Research C. The object changes color and turns
into something new
D. Conclusions
D. The object begins to bubble
17. Which of the following is the most accu-
rate representation of the order that an 21. This is the group that we will compare our
experiment should be conducted? experimental group to. This group stays
A. 1.Hypothesis 2.Question 3. Analyze “normal.”
data 4. Formulate conclusion A. Control Group

B. Experimental Group 26. Which source would provide the most re-
C. Normal Group liable information for use in a research
project investigating the effects of antibi-

D. Weird Group otics on disease-causing bacteria?
22. In an experiment to find out the effects A. A-the local news section of a newspa-
of sunlight on a plant’s growth the exper from 1993
perimenter completes the following steps.
B. B-a news program on national televi-
They allow one plant to get sunlight for
sion about antigens produced by various
2 hours a day. Another plant receives 4
plants
hours of sunlight, and the last plant re-
ceives 8 hours of sunlight. What is the C. C-a current professional science jour-
independent variable? nal article on the control of pathogens
A. The growth of the plant D. D-an article in a weekly news maga-
zine about reproduction in pathogens
B. The amount of sunlight
C. The amount of water 27. Mr. Conyers needs your help:He needs to
D. The experimenter find the constant variables for his exper-
iment. He is trying to determine what
23. If I study for my scientific method test, shampoo leaves his beard the softest.
then I will have a better test score. What Which variable would be a constant?
is the dependent variable?
A. Type of Shampoo
A. Scientific Method
B. Softness of Mr. Conyer’s beard
B. Studying
C. Amount of Shampoo
C. Independent variable
D. He doesn’t need any constant vari-
D. Test score ables
24. Observations and facts gained from exper- 28. Good experiments uses
iments are :
A. randomized trials
A. evidence
B. randomized trials
B. predictions
C. subjects the trials will affect the most
C. hypotheses
D. inferences D. all the above
25. A student observes that an organism is 29. The analysis of data gathered during a par-
green. A valid conclusion that can be ticular experiment is necessary in order to
drawn from this observation is that A. A-formulate a hypothesis for that ex-
A. A-the organism must be a plant periment
B. B-the organism cannot be a single B. B-develop a research plan for that ex-
celled organism periment
C. C-the organism must be an animal C. C-design a control for that experiment
D. D-not enough information is given to
determine whether the organism is a D. D-draw a valid conclusion for that ex-
plant or an animal. periment

30. Ryan wants to test which cleats enable 34. Nick wanted to see how high an ice
him to run the fastest. Which question is cube would float in different tempera-
the proper scientific question? tures of water. Identify the DEPENDENT
A. “Which cleats will help me run faster?” variable-Amount of water-Height of Ice
cube-Temperature the ice cube was at its
highest height-Temperature of the water-
B. “Which brand of cleats will enable Size of the ice cube
Ryan to run the fastest time in 100 me-
A. Amount of water
ters?”
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Height of Ice cube
C. “Do different brands of cleats affect
running speed?” C. Temperature the ice cube was at its
highest height
D. “Which brand of cleats helps Ryan run
better?” D. Size of the ice cube
31. A company wants to sell more sports 35. A scientist who wants to study the possi-
drinks so they decide to add more sugar. ble side effects of a new medicine would
For Group A they give them gatorade with probably
an added teaspoon of sugar. For Group A. give each experimental group the
B they give them plain gatorade without same does of medicine
adding sugar. Which Group is the CON- B. simply ask the subjects about the
TROL GROUP? medicine’s effects
A. Group A C. include a control group that received
B. Group B no medicine
C. The Gatorade D. use different numbers of subjects in
each treatment group
D. The Company
36. The scientific method is made up of sev-
32. Which activity would be an appropriate
eral:
first step when designing an experiment?
A. stones
A. A-reporting a conclusion based on mul-
tiple experimental traits B. experiments
B. B-researching the problem, using in- C. problems

formation from a variety of sources D. steps
C. C-creating a data table to organize ex- 37. A possible explanation to a problem that
perimental observations has not yet been tested.
D. D-repeating the experiment with a dif- A. data
ferent hypothesis
B. theory
33. Good experiments have C. hypothesis
A. a control group D. fact
B. small sample sizes
38. What is the first thing you do when per-
C. unreplicable results forming the scientific method?
D. possible bias of results A. Make a conclusion

B. make an observation 43. Which of the following is a limitation of

C. solve a problem models?

D. experiment A. they help explain how something
works
39. What is the purpose of a graph in a lab
report? B. they help describe how something is
structured
A. To accurately represent the data
C. they are different from the real things
B. To observe the patterns or trends that
they are modeling
are seen in the data
C. To reduce errors in the investigation D. they are used to make predictions
D. To create data not seen in the data ta- 44. A series of steps followed by scientists to
ble solve problems is known as
40. Mario studied how far room temperature A. scientific methods
water would spurt out of a platic milk car- B. life science
ton when 3mm holes were punched at dif-
ferent heights from the bottom of the con- C. hypothesis
tainer. Identify the dependent variable D. technology
A. 3 mm holes
45. What is the last step of the scientific
B. distance water traveled out of carton
method?
C. different heights of holes in container
A. Reading
D. ice water from Iceland
B. experiment
41. What is a factor that the experimenter has
C. observation
full control over and changes to see what
happens? D. Draw conclusions
A. Dependent Variable
46. “Write an article describing what you
B. Independent Variable learned about the ant population on school
C. Control group grounds.” This describes what kind of sci-
D. Hypothesis entific method?
A. Communicate results
42. Mr. McNiece wanted to see how dif-
ferent types of music affected students’ B. Draw Conclusions
pulse rates. She played different types of C. Analyze the results
music:heavy metal, rap, R&B, alternative,
pop, country, and classical music. What D. Test a hypothesis
constant should be considered when doing
47. Who’s work inspired roger and Francis ba-
this experiment?
con to invent the scientific method?
A. types of music
A. Nicolas Copernicus and Galileo Galilei
B. use all dead people
B. Ben franklin and James watts
C. using a different student for each mu-
sic type C. Theodore Roosevelt and Fredrick Hill
D. amount of time the music was played D. Francis Bacon and Roger bacon

48. “There are 3 ant colonies on school 53. Performing a test or experiment allows
grounds. 4 of 10 residents who live near you to test your
the school also have ant colonies in their A. draw conclusions
yards. None of the residents has ever
owned an ant farm. No one knew where B. hypothesis
they came from. C. senses
A. Ask a question D. battery
B. Form a hypothesis 54. “I am examining the school grounds and
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Analyze the results surveying students and nearby residents
for information about where the ants came
D. Test a hypothesis from.” This describes what kind of scien-
tific method?
49. Definition of Hypothesis
A. Ask a question
A. An educated guess
B. Form a hypothesis
B. An conclusion
C. Draw conclusions
C. A paragraph
D. Test a hypothesis
D. An paper
55. The outcome of your test.
50. A possible explanation for observations is A. variable
B. results
A. hypothesis
C. experiment
B. technology
D. question
C. volume
56. Identify the statement below that best de-
D. mass scribes an observation that supports the
fact that the student’s heart range was
51. Bad experiments have
above their normal rate which 115 beats
A. cherry picked results and ignore the per minute.
rest of the data
A. The student was tired after exercising
B. use randomized trials for their groups
B. The student was sweating after exer-
C. have peer reviews so results can be cising
replicated C. The student was sitting down after ex-
D. depend on a control group ercising
D. The student measured their heart at
52. In what year was the scientific Method cre- 125 beats per minute after exercising
ated?
57. How can you create a ‘fair test’?
A. 1214-1284
A. By changing one factor and keeping all
B. 1840-1940
the other conditions constant
C. 1740-1890
B. By changing some variables but keep-
D. 2000-2006 ing one constant

C. But repeating the experiment more nutrient needed for marsh grass to grow.
than 10 times What is the independent variable of the
statement above?

D. By allowing each scientist to record
the results separately A. Height of grass
58. The part of the experiment that is used for B. Amount of nitrogen
comparison and is the “normal state”: C. Essential nutrient
A. Dependent variable D. Amount of growth
B. Independent variable 63. Mr. McNiece wanted to see how dif-
C. Control Group ferent types of music affected students’
D. Constants pulse rates. She played different types of
music:heavy metal, rap, R&B, alternative,
59. Which statement best describes a scientific pop, country, and classical music. Identify
theory? the independent variable.
A. A-It is a collection of data designed to A. classical music resulted in the highest
provide support for a prediction pulse rate
B. B-It is an educated guess that can be B. high pulse rate
tested by experimentation C. pulse rate
C. C-It is a scientific fact that no longer D. types of music
requires any evidence to support it
64. An experiment is set up with ten pots
D. D-It is a general statement that is sup-
to test the effective of fertilizer on plant
ported by many scientific observations.
growth. 5 pots have fertilizer added to
60. What is another term used to describe the the soil, 5 pots do not have fertilizer added
independent variable? to the soil. Each pot has 1 spider plant and
5 cups of soil. The pots are watered once
A. Responding variable
a week with 1/2 cup of water. What is
B. Manipulated variable something that would need to be true of
C. Control variable the spider plants?
D. Constant variable A. The plants should not be the same size
61. A factor that changes in an experiment in B. The plants should be the same species
order to test a hypothesis is
A. variable C. The plants cannot grow with fertlizer
B. model D. The plants are the independent vari-
C. law able
D. theory 65. A science researcher is reviewing another
62. The following statement is a hypothesis scientist’s experiment and conclusion. The
formed about marsh grass:If the amount reviewer would most likely consider the
of nitrogen marsh grass receives is in- experiment invalid if
creased, then the height of the grass will A. A-the sample size produced a great
increase, because nitrogen is an essential deal of data

B. B-other individuals are able to dupli- B. law

cate the results C. technology
C. C-it contains conclusions not explained D. life science
by the evidence given
70. All factors that can change in an experi-
D. D-the hypothesis was not supported by
ment.
the data obtained
A. variable
66. In the scientific method what do you do
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. data
before the hypothesis?
C. conclusion
A. question
D. result
B. observation
C. experiment 71. This is the group that is affected by the
variable or the group that is changed.
D. conclusion
A. Control Group
67. Though scientists study the world from dif- B. Experimental Group
fering perspectives, what must all scien-
C. Changed Group
tists take into account?
D. Cool Group
A. A-universal laws
B. B-animal behavior 72. The development of an experimental re-
search plan should NOT include a
C. C-temperature differences
A. A-list of safety precaution for the ex-
D. D-the importance of biology periment
68. An experiment was carried out to deter- B. B-list of equipment needed for con-
mine whether drinking caffeinated soda in- ducting the experiment
creases pulse rate. The pulse rates of two C. C-procedure for the use of technolo-
groups of people at rest were measured. gies needed for the experiment
Group A was then given caffeinated soda
and group B was given caffeine-free soda. D. D-conclusion based on data expected
One hour after drinking the soda, the pulse to be collected in the experiment
rates were measured. The participants in 73. Why do scientists consider any hypothesis
the experiment were all the same age, and valuable?
they were all given the same amount of
soda. The dependent variable in this ex- A. A-A hypothesis requires no further in-
periment is the vestigation.
A. type of soda given to each group B. B-A hypothesis may lead to further in-
vestigation even if it is disproved by the
B. amount of soda given to each group experiment
C. pulse rate of each group C. C-A hypothesis requires no further in-
D. age of participants in each group vestigation if it is proved by the experi-
ment.
69. Set of related hypotheses supported by ev- D. D-A hypothesis can be used to explain
idence is a conclusion even if it is disproved by the
A. theory experiment.

74. A student is planning an experiment to find D. Is the amount of caffeine affected by

out how the height from which he drops a the betta fish?
ball affects how high the ball bounces. The

dependent variable is the 78. Which statement best expresses a basic
scientific assumption?
A. Diameter of the ball
A. A-Interpretation of experimental re-
B. Force acting on the ball
sults has provided explanations for all nat-
C. Height that the ball bounces ural phenomena.
D. Height from which the ball is dropped B. B-If a conclusion is valid, similar inves-
tigations by other scientists should result
75. A pattern, plan, representation, or descrip-
in the same conclusion.
tion designed to show the structure or
workings of an object, system, or con- C. C-For any conclusion to be valid, the
cept. design of the experiment requires that
only two groups be compared.
A. model
B. thoery D. D-After a scientist formulates a conclu-
sion based on an experiment, no further
C. law investigation is necessary.
D. mass
79. To make observations you use your
76. What is a hypothesis?
A. senses
A. A hypothesis is the right answer to an
B. feet
experiment.
C. smile
B. A hypothesis is the wrong answer to
an experiment. D. experience
C. A hypothesis is an educated guess.
80. A scientist is investigating a new treat-
D. I don’t know. ment for a disease that affects thousands
of people. Many people with this disease
77. Jill is testing the effect of caffeine on the volunteer to be part of the study. Which
breathing rate of betta fish. She sets up of the following is an ethical concern that
two fish tanks with identical conditions. the scientist must address before conduct-
She places 10 betta fish in each tank. She ing the study?
adds caffeine to one tank and nothing to
the other tank. She then counts the oper- A. A-The scientist must ensure that the
culum plate movement per minute for the treatment will be effective.
fish in each tank. What scientific question B. B-The scientist must ensure that the
is the above experiment attempting to an- study’s results will not be shared with
swer? other scientists.
A. What effect does caffeine have on C. C-The scientist must inform the volun-
betta fish? teers about the potential dangers of par-
B. Will caffeine affect the heart rate of ticipating in the study.
betta fish? D. D-The scientist must demonstrate that
C. Does caffeine affect the breathing rate the treatment will not cause any side ef-
of betta fish? fects.

81. How many variables should be tested at a 86. For Julie to make 16 muffins, she need
time? 2 cups of flour. To make 32 muffins she
A. Three needs 4 cups of flour. What is the depen-
dent variable?
B. Zero
A. number of muffins
C. Two
B. cups of flour
D. One
C. 16 muffins
NARAYAN CHANGDER
82. A scientist is planning to carry out an ex-
periment on the effect of heat on the func- D. chocolate chips
tion of a certain enzyme. Which would not
87. Identify the hypothesis to the following
be an appropriate first step?
statement:An increased amount of car ac-
A. A-doing research in a library cidents have occurred in the last year be-
B. B-having discussions with other scien- cause of cell phone use while driving.
tists A. “If you use your cell phone while driv-
C. C-completing a data table of expected ing, then you will increase your chance at
results getting into an accident
D. D-using what is already known about B. “Using cell phones cause more acci-
the enzyme dents”
83. What is a factor that changes because of C. “Then driving with a cell phone will cre-
what the experimenter does? ate more accidents”
A. Dependent Variable D. none of above
B. Independent Variable
88. In order to compare the effects that dif-
C. Control Group ferent types of liquid on plant growth the
D. Hypothesis following experiment was conducted. One
plant received water, another plant re-
84. Which is the correct spelling of this word ceived milk, and the third plant was given
used in the scientific method? orange juice. What would be the control
A. hypothe in this investigation?
B. hpothesis A. The plant that gets the orange juice
C. pothesis B. The plant that receives the water
D. hypothesis C. The plant that receives the milk
85. “Last week there were no ants near the D. The plant that receives the soda
front door of our school. Now there is a
large colony.” This describes what kind of 89. Which of these is NOT a type of scientific
scientific method? model?
A. Ask a question A. mathematical model

B. Draw Conclusions B. fashion model
C. Analyze the results C. physical model
D. Test a hypothesis D. conceptual model

90. The summary at the end of an experiment A. Hypothesis, independent variable, de-
that explains the results. pendent variable, experimental group,
control group, constants

A. conclusion
B. constants, hypothesis, independent
B. procedures
variable, observations experiment
C. materials
C. hypothesis, control group, question,
D. responding variable analyze data,
D. independent variable, dependent vari-
91. When conducting an experiment, why do
able, constants, experiment
we analyze our data?
A. To form a question to investigate 96. Which of these contains the steps of the
scientific method in the correct order?
B. To draw a valid conclusion for that ex-
periment A. Ask a question, do background re-
search, state your hypothesis, conduct an
C. To design the experiment
experiment, analyze data, make a conclu-
D. To create a hypothesis sion
B. State your hypothesis, ask a question,
92. What do you do after you come up with
do background research, conduct an ex-
your hypothesis?
periment, analyze data, make a conclu-
A. Conclude sion
B. Test your hypothesis C. Ask a question, state your hypothe-
C. Do a victory dance sis, do background research, conduct an
experiment, make a conclusion, analyze
D. Tell your teacher data
93. What you learned from the experiment is D. State your hypothesis, ask a question,
the do background research, make a conclu-
sion, conduct an experiment, analyze data
A. conclusion
B. hypothesis 97. Three baseball players investigate to see
who can throw a baseball the farthest.
C. variable They mark off an area on the playground
D. materials for their investigation. Which should they
keep constant?
94. The step of the scientific method that in- A. height of the players
volves gathering information about your
problem or topic B. color of the balls thrown
A. analyzing data C. order in which the players throw

D. spot from which the players throw
B. research & observations
C. conclusion 98. An experiment that tests only one factor
at a time by using a comparison of a con-
D. hypothesis
trol group with an experimental group is
95. When setting up an experiment what six
items do you need to consider? A. controlled experiments

B. theory D. Franklin
C. law 103. The variable kept the same throughout
D. area the experiment (will always be kept the
same no matter how many times the ex-
99. A summary of many experimental results periment is done)
and observations.
A. law
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. theory
C. control variable
C. hypothesis
D. bias experiment
D. scientific methods
104. In experiment that determines the effect
100. The variable changed by the scientist is
of exercise on heart rate, what is the con-
(what they are testing)
trol group?
A. The group that exercises
B. The group that drinks water
C. control variable
C. The group that does not exercise
D. bias experiment
D. The group that tracks the time it takes
101. Which of the following is an example of a to exercise
sensationalized headline used to promote
105. “Evidence seems to indicate that our ri-
bad science?
vals, the hornets, placed the ant colony on
A. The new type of chocolate that will our school grounds.” This describes what
cure your belly fat! kind of scientific method?
B. New evidence found on the nature of A. Ask a question
dinosaurs.
B. Form a hypothesis
C. New research shows some chemo
C. Draw conclusions
treatments for cancer patients are not as
effective as others. D. Test a hypothesis
D. none of above 106. What step does every scientific experi-
102. Who is the father of the scientific ment begin with?
method? A. hypothesis
A. Galileo B. question/problem
B. Ben C. procedures
C. James D. conclusion

2. Methods of Research
2.1 Basic/Fundamental Research

1. What does the P stand for in the CRAAP C. explanation of supposition
test?
D. provisional explanation of phe-
A. Purpose nomenon
B. Popular
5. Which list of resources should you use on
C. Positive AVL for engineering research?
D. Paraphrase
A. Elementary School
2. What is the first thing to do when doing B. Middle School
research?
C. High School
A. research
D. College and University
B. define the problem
C. create a title 6. Gantt Chart is an example of
D. make a work plan A. Department plan
3. Ilan ang parte ng Action Research Pro- B. action plan
posal?
C. improvement plan
A. 6
D. work plan
B. 7
C. 8 7. What is not one way you can avoid plagia-
rism?
D. 9
A. Summarizing
4. Which of the following is not true about
hypothesis? B. Quoting
A. an educated guess C. Re-writing
B. it is a vision D. Paraphrasing

2.1 Basic/Fundamental Research 86
8. The average of the numbers is also known 13. What is the definition of statistics? (Se-
as lect one)
A. mean A. A statement made by the researcher
predicting the relationship between two
B. median
or more observable attributes.
C. mode
B. A set of procedures used by social sci-
D. total entists to organize, summarize, and com-
municate numerical information.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
9. Why is research important? (Select the
C. A set of assumptions and propositions
best answer)
used by social scientists to explain, pre-
A. It’s critical for navigating our complex dict, and understand the phenomena they
world. study.
B. It helps rid us of preconceived notions D. A systematic inquiry to describe, ex-
so we can gain an objective understanding plain, predict, and control the observed
of ourselves and our world. phenomenon.
C. It is grounded in objective, tangible ev- 14. At which stage of the research process do
idence that can be observed time and time you create a statement that makes a pre-
again, regardless of who is observing. diction of the relationship between two or
D. All of the above. more observable attributes.
A. Forming hypotheses.
10. What is citing?
B. Formulating a research question.
A. Giving credit for a resource used
C. Analyzing the data.
B. Touring a city
D. Collecting the data.
C. Using someone else work as your own
15. How many months does it take to do Ac-
tion Research?
D. Using a database for research
A. 1 year
11. Which is not an appropriate tool for iden- B. 3-6 months
tifying the problem for research?
C. 1-3 months
A. gap analysis
D. 2 years
B. critical thinking
16. The R in the CRAAP test stands for
C. prediction
A. Real
D. none of above
B. Reason
12. What does the “How” question usually re- C. Relevance
fer to in research? D. Reputation
A. Academic research
17. The following are criteria for research
B. Basic research problem selection except
C. Applied research A. newness of the topic
D. Action Research B. availability of resources

2.2 Applied research 87
C. peers’ preferences A. improve education practice
D. qualification of the researcher B. improve teachers own craft

C. satisfy curiosity
18. The following are objectives of action re- D. respond to the call of 21st Century
search except Learners
2.2 Applied research

1. What does applied research do? B. Research aimed at ruling out negative
A. Whatever it wants to do! experiences
B. Directed towards a specific objective C. Research aimed at solving practical
in order to create vaccines, therapy, and problems
treatments
D. Research aimed at repeating the scien-
C. Gather general information and knowl- tific method
edge to use as a foundation.
D. none of above 6. Research aimed at building psychology’s
knowledge base is
2. Science aimed at solving problems or im-
provement: A. Basic Science
A. Basic Science B. Applied Science
B. Applied Science
C. Academic Science
C. Academic Science
D. Clinical Science D. Clinical Science
3. How is applied research designed? 7. What method is used during applied re-
A. However the scientist wants to design search
it.
A. Models
B. knowledge from basic research
B. Computer stimulation
C. I don’t really know.
D. none of above C. Statistical Data
4. Does basic research ? D. All of the above
A. Tell us about the planets

8. Mr. Christian has designed a camera with
B. Teach scientists about the ocean buttons that are easy to reach and see. Mr.
C. Increase understanding of life pro- Christian is most likely
cesses and disease
A. a cognitive psychologist
D. none of above
B. conducting basic research
5. Applied Research is
C. engaged in applied research
A. Research aimed at helping increase
knowledge D. using psychometrics

2.3 Action research 88
9. What does basic research do? such as creating therapies, treatments,

A. Gather general information and knowl- and vaccines.
edge to use as a foundation. C. Used to study the sky and planets
B. Is directed towards a specific subject D. none of above
2.3 Action research
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1. It includes participants and/or other 5. Which is one purpose of Participatory Ac-
sources of data and information, data tion Research?
gathering methods and data analysis A. To improve practice in the short term
plan. as well as to inform larger issues.
A. Abstract B. To establish an action plan.
B. Action Research Questions C. To provide holistic and systematic
C. Action Research Methods overview of the context.
D. Action Plan D. To empower individuals and groups to
improve their lives.
2. The last stage of action research includes:
6. Which does not belong to NBAR format?
A. Draw inferences, analyze the assump-
tion, and evaluate the project. A. Research Title
B. Identified Problem
B. Analyze the data, draw inferences,
and evaluate the project. C. Reflection
C. Evaluate the problem, implement the D. Discussion
data, and draw inferences.
7. The Action research method is depicted as
D. Formulate the problem, analyze the as- a spiraling process because
sumption, and draw inferences.
A. the process continues even after the
3. It presents the major aspects of the entire data are collected and analyzed and ac-
paper in a prescribed sequence. tions are taken based on findings.
A. Abstract B. data collection continues throughout

data analysis
B. Context and Rationale
C. the results are analyzed and used by
C. Action Research Questions other researchers to conduct additional
D. Action Research Methods investigations of the topic.
D. the action researcher continues to
4. What two elements of action research study other topics of interest after the ini-
should be present in the title? tial study is complete.
A. context and rationale
8. Which of the following is NOT true about
B. objective and output hypothesis?
C. intervention and objective A. It is an educated guess
D. context and intervention B. It is a vision

C. It is a testable supposition B. publishing results

D. It is an explanation of the outcome C. proving hypothesis

9. Which paragraph would explain where D. improvement in their practices
your research questions come from and the 14. Which the following statement is true
problem you intend to investigate? about action research?
A. Literature Review A. A four-step process of AR is identifying
B. Context an area of focus, collecting data, analyz-
C. Research Focus ing data, and transforming data.
B. Critical AR emphasizes the importance
D. Implications
of teachers’ autonomy.
10. The appears at the very beginning of C. The two main theories of AR are criti-
a document, but it should be the last thing cal and typical.
you write.
D. AR is a systematic inquiry conducted
A. Literature Review by teacher researchers, principals, and
B. Context other stakeholders.
C. Abstract 15. Select one limitation for Action Research?
D. Introduction A. It is more difficult to determine the va-
lidity and reliability of linguistic data.
11. What does “NBAR” mean?
B. Some Action Research studies are not
A. Non-BER Action Research
scientific.
B. Non-Biodegradable Action Research
C. It is not advisable to big populations.
C. Non-BERF Action Research
D. Not quantitative work, but can lead up
D. Non-BERF Applied Research to quantitative research.
12. Which of the following statements is true 16. What is the purpose of Action Research
about Action Research? methodology?
A. AR is a systematic inquiry conducted A. To understand how and why educa-
by teacher researchers, principals, and tional theories and practices are devel-
other stakeholders. oped.
B. A four-step process of AR is identifying B. To describe, analyze, and interpret the
an area of focus, collecting data, analyz- culture of a group over time.
ing data, and transforming data. C. To interpret and understand social in-
C. The two main theories of AR are criti- teractions.
cal and typical. D. To solve a problem or to obtain infor-
D. Critical AR emphasizes the importance mation in order to inform local practice.
of teachers’ autonomy.
17. The following statements are included in
13. Individuals who engage in Action Research the Presentation of the Gathered Data ex-
are most concerned with cept one.
A. supporting the way things are being A. Presentation of the Recurring Patterns
done. and Themes

B. Analysis and Interpretation of the 22. What is the rating set by DepEd for gram-
Data mar check?
C. Photo of all the participants during the A. 90A
conduct of the SLAC
B. 90B
D. Reflection on the Evidence
C. 93A
18. The discussion of results and reflection in-
D. 93B
cludes the following, except:
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Results and Discussion 23. This part of action research answers the
B. Conclusion who, why, where, when and how of the
research.
C. Recommendation
A. Data analysis
D. Action Plan
B. Statistical treatment
19. ” Should I change my method of teaching?”
is a question posed by a teacher carrying C. Scope and limitatation
out Action Research. The teacher is in the D. Action plan
step of action Research.
A. Problem Identification 24. How many months should one conduct a
basic or action research?
B. Plan of action
A. 2
C. Reflect
D. Observation B. 4
C. 6
20. Which DepEd guidelines lays down the
guidelines for conduct of research? D. 8
A. Deped Order No.16, s.2017
25. Which statement is CORRECT?
B. Deped Order No.44, s.2017
A. Action research is research done on
C. Deped Order No.23, s.2019 other people
D. Deped Order No.16, s.2018 B. Action research is problem-solving
21. Which of the following is an action re- C. Action research is the reflection of
search? teachers
A. Ang Kahusayan ng mga Ma g-aaral sa D. Action research can supply local
Ika-labing isang Baitang sa Pagsasaling knowledge
Wika
B. Enhancing the Grammar Competence 26. After formulating the research question,
of Grade 12 Students Using Visit-My- the next step would be to:
Checker Strategy A. find a problem in the field
C. Challenges of Students in Work Immer- B. change the research question
sion
C. check using SMART strategy
D. My Teacher, My Hero:My Ideal Senior
High School Teacher D. none of above

27. According to Hensen (2012), action re- 32. Third step in action research is
search: A. planning

A. helps teachers develop new knowl- B. development
edge directly related to their classrooms,
C. acting
D. reflection
B. promotes reflective teaching and
thinking 33. Who coined the action research last
C. gives teachers ownership of effective 1944?
practices A. Kurt Lewis
D. all of the above B. Kurt Lewin
C. Keith Lewis
28. After you accomplished your NBAR, where
will you present it? D. Keith Lewin
A. Division-Wide Forum 34. Which of the following terms is not a char-
B. SLAC Session acteristic of Action Research?
A. Commitment
C. Google Classroom
B. Collaboration
D. Facebook Page
C. Control
29. The goal of this section is to illustrate D. Change
what you have learned as related to your
critical question. 35. The following are the Basic Education Re-
search Agenda Cross Cutting Themes, ex-
A. Context and Rationale
cept:
B. Action Research Questions
A. Disaster Risk Reduction and Manage-
C. Action Research Methods ment
D. Discussion of Results and Reflection B. Gender and Development
C. Inclusive Education
30. In the internal validity, the study can suf-
fer from D. Governance
A. time consuming. 36. Researchers undertaking the data col-
B. data limited. lective process.
A. Specify the research design
C. strengthens validity.
B. Evaluate the problem
D. data collector bias.
C. Draw inferences
31. What is the passing score set by Deped for D. Implement the project
basic or action research?
37. This is a brief, concise section focusing
A. 70
your reader on the essential elements of
B. 80 your Action Research paper.
C. 85 A. Abstract
D. 90 B. Context and Rationale

C. Action Research Questions C. To practice causal inferences.

D. Action Research Methods D. To implement changes based on the
findings.
38. Which of the following is the proper order
of steps in Action research? 43. Which of the following is the best standard
deviation result?
A. Plan → Act → Observe → Share and
Reflect → Identify Problem A. 1.5
B. Identify Problem→ Plan → Act → Ob- B. 2
NARAYAN CHANGDER
serve → Share and Reflect C. 5.5
C. Identify Problem→ Act→ Plan→ Ob- D. 4.5
serve → share and Reflect
44. What is the second step of Action Research
D. none of above Procedures?
39. Which is not present in an action re- A. review research literature
search? B. identify, evaluate, and formulate a
A. context problem
C. consult with other interested parties
B. intervention
D. none of above
C. output
D. methodology 45. Which of the following are to be in-
cluded in Reflection phase?I. What sur-
40. Which of the following is a characteristic prised you?II. Where did the research take
of action research? place?III. What are some alternative inter-
A. Variables are tightly controlled pretations?IV. What adjustments did you
make along the way?
B. Results are generalizable
A. I, II, III
C. Results can show cause-effect rela-
B. I, III, IV
tionships
C. II, III, IV
D. Only qualitative data is used
D. I, II, IV
41. It is used to select a sample from within a
46. Which step is taken after we identify a
general population.
problem to study?
A. Statistics
A. Analyze the data
B. Classifying B. Locate resources
C. Sampling C. Conduct data collection
D. Data analysis D. Develop an action plan
42. Select one characteristic of Practical Action 47. What are three types of data to consider
Research. in Action Research?
A. To contextualize and annotate data. A. Analysis of documents, question-
B. To analyze the previous information or naires, and records.
events minutely and testing their validity. B. Checklists, observations, and surveys.

C. Observations, interviews, and analysis 52. Action Research usually conducted in a sin-
of documents. gle school because

D. Anecdotal data, surveys, and inter- A. it is difficult to secure permission to
views. study students in multiple schools.
48. What does “BERF” mean? B. teacher does not have the necessary
skills to conduct research across multiple
A. Basic Education Research Fund settings.
B. Basic Education Research Formative
C. it is designed to answer question
C. Basic Experimental Research Fund about improving practices in a particular
D. Basic Experimental Research Forma- setting
tive D. none of above
49. The part of the action research that ex- 53. “Collection, organization of data” belongs
plains how the researcher will implement to step:
his/her research.
A. 2
A. Methodology
B. 3
B. Design
C. 4
C. Variable
D. 5
D. Data Analysis Plan
54. What does Action Research want to
50. Action Research usually takes place in sin-
solve?
gle setting because
A. Day-to-day immediate problems.
A. it is difficult to get permission from dif-
ferent settings. B. Group’s shared beliefs, behaviors, and
language.
B. it is designed to answer issues to im-
prove practice in a particular setting. C. Relational hypothesis.
C. researchers do not have the skills to D. Past failures and successes.
conduct research.
55. It lays the foundation of the study and
D. data collection methods are only for gives picture on the urgency of the sce-
single settings. nario that leads to the conduct of an Action
51. Action research is most appropriate when Research.
teachers A. Context and Rationale
A. learn the participant views rather than B. Action Research Methods
imposing their own view of the situation.
C. Action Research Questions
B. try to correct something that is not
D. Action Plan
working.
C. control for possible rival hypothesis 56. Which of the following research titles is
for extraneous variables correct?
D. learn how things were done in the A. Enhancing the Mastery of Grade 9 Stu-
past and apply them to current or future dents in English Through Peer Picture
events. Analysis

2.4 Classification research 94
B. Enhancing the Poetry Analysis Ability A. Literature Review

of Grade 9 Students Through Guided Brain B. Context
Map
C. Research Focus
C. Improving the attendance frequency
D. Introduction
of Students Using Flashcards
D. Improving the Reading Ability of Stu- 58. Who can’t avail the basic education re-
dents Through PHIL-IRI search fund?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. regular employees
57. Which paragraph would give a detailed B. age 21-65
overview of the organisation the re-
searcher is working in, its vision, mission C. no administrative case
and goals? D. at least salary grade 11
2.4 Classification research

1. Students were asked to conduct a survey A. Exploratory
in a specific barangay. Which type of set- B. Descriptive
ting is being involved?
C. Experimental
A. Library
D. none of the choices
B. Field
5. The purpose of this type of research is to
C. Laboratory
describe a culture’s characteristics. It iden-
D. Barangay tifies culture variables for study, and re-
view literature.
2. Any quality or quantity in which the re-
searcher is interested and which varies in A. Correlational Research
the course of the research B. Survey Research
A. purpose C. Ethnography
B. variable D. Causal-Comparative
C. constant 6. In order to ensure that the impact on de-
D. goal pendent variable is only due to indepen-
dent variable, which of the following meth-
3. Classification of research by purpose ods will be more appropriate?
A. Pure Research A. descriptive method
B. Applied Research B. experimental method
C. Action Research C. field study
D. All of the aboce D. Ex-Post Facto research
4. The researcher was given a study but is 7. The purpose of the research is to deter-
NOT yet familiar with the discipline that mine the interaction of the components of
she/he is in. What level of investigation the variable being investigated.
is the researcher in? A. Directive

B. Illuminative 12. This type of research uses interview, ques-

C. Predictive tionnaires, and sampling to get a sense of
behavior with intense precision.

D. none of the choices
A. Survey Research
8. An investigator conducted a study to ex- B. Phenomenology
amine the effect on attitude towards C. Historical Research
dowry system. The nature of this study
was D. Causal-Comparative
A. phenomenological study 13. A researcher wants to study whether dis-

covery learning procedure has an impact
B. experimental study on the motivation of students. In this sit-
C. causal comparative study uation, the variable motivation will be la-
belled as
D. co relational study
A. intervening variable
9. Which of the following best describes aus- B. independent vaiable
terity?
A. A situation in which people’s living
D. Extraneous variable
standards are reduced because of eco-
nomic difficulties. 14. This type of research is guided specifically
B. A phenomena in which people’s living by a hypothesis.
standards increased because of economic A. Cultural Research
difficulties. B. Historical Research
C. A scenario in which people’s living eco- C. Case Study
nomic status are reduced because of eco-
nomic opportunities. D. Experimental Research
D. none of the choices 15. The purpose of this type of research is to

describe in-depth experience of one per-
10. An investigator uses two matched groups son, family, group, community or institu-
to compare effectiveness of two methods tion.
of teaching science . This study would A. Ethnography
come in the ambit of:
B. Historical Research
A. experimental research
C. Case Study
B. causal comparative research
D. Phenomenology
C. descriptive research
16. KOICA stands for
D. corelational research
A. Korean International Cooperation
11. Which does NOT belong to the group? Agency
A. Instruction B. Korea International Cooperation

Agency
B. Research
C. Korea Intercultural Cooperative
C. Extension Agency
D. none D. Korea Intercultural Cooperation Agent

17. The purpose is of this research is to de- 22. Problem solving is puzzle solving. Each
scribe experiences as they are lived. It smaller problem is a smaller piece of the
examines uniqueness of individual’s lived puzzle to find and solve. What type of
situations. analysis is being emphasized?
A. Case Study A. Analytic
B. Historical Research B. Holistic
C. Causal-Comparative Research C. Evaluation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Phenomenology D. Developmental
18. Students were asked to monitor the be- 23. JICA stands for
havior of the animals in their natural habi- A. Japan International Cooperation
tats. What type of setting is involved in Agency
the scenario?
B. Juroshiu International Creation
A. Library Agency
B. Field C. Japan International Creation Agency
C. Laboratory D. none of the choices
D. none of the above
24. Which of the following is a good sample
19. A distinctive feature insisted in experimen- for applied research?
tal design in research is A. improve agricultural crop production
A. cause and effect relationship B. treat or cure a specific disease
B. control of intervening variables C. improve energy efficiency of homes,
C. complex statistical treatment of data offices
D. manipulation of independent variable D. all of the choices
20. An investigator wants to study the ef- 25. An investigator intends to establish the re-
fect of gender on attitude towards inter- lationship between educational status of
nal evaluation by using two groups of stu- mothers and academic achievement of stu-
dents. The nature of this study would be: dents for coastal areas. Which of the fol-
lowing methods will be helpful in terms of
A. Descriptive survey study
research design?
B. Experimental study
A. historical method
C. causal comparative
B. survey method
D. corelational study
C. experimental method
21. the variables manipulated by the re- D. Ex-Post Facto method
searcher in an experiment is called the
26. It is a level of investigation where the
A. response variable researcher studies the relationship of the
B. independent variable variables.
C. dependent variable A. none of the choices
D. extraneous variable B. descriptive

2.5 Comparative research 97
C. exploratory 29. The purpose of this study is to describe

D. experimental and examine events of the past to under-
stand the present and anticipate potential

27. Which of the following does NOT belong further effects.
to the group A. Cultural Research
A. pure B. Historical Research
B. directive C. Phenomenology
C. illuminative D. Experimental Research
D. predictive
30. This type of research tests for the relation-
28. This type of research involves comparison ship between two variables. Performing
and is done without focusing on their rela- this research is done to establish what the
tionship rather it focuses on the causes of effect of one on the other might be and
phenomena. how that affects the relationship.
A. Survey Research A. Correlational Research
B. Historical Research B. Experimental Research
C. Causal-Comparative C. Historical Research
D. Phenomenology D. Survey Research
2.5 Comparative research

1. What type of surveys were used in all (3) B. One
studies?
C. It depends on how many levels of em-
A. Cross-sectional pathy are studied.
B. Longitudinal D. There are no independent variables.
C. Diagnostic
4. In a study of the effect of gender on career
D. none of above choice, the dependent variable is
2. A weakness in Causal Comparative Stud- A. gender
ies is the following:
B. blue-collar jobs
A. the inability to identify associations
C. career choice
among variables
B. the inability to manipulate the indepen- D. white-collar jobs
dent variable
5. Causal-comparative research is also
C. Causation cannot be fully established known as ex post facto research because
D. the instrumentation used is limited A. variables are studied in retrospect.
3. How many independent variables are B. conclusions drawn on the basis of stud-
there in a causal-comparative study inves- ies are assumed to be factual.
tigating the effect of gender on empathy? C. two or more groups are compared on
A. Two at least one variable.

2.6 Survey research 98
D. results demonstrate cause-and-effect B. Exploration of Causes

relationships. C. Exploration of Factors
6. Which of the following is NOT a control D. Exploration of Consequences
procedure used in causal-comparative re-
search? 8. Which of the following is NOT possible us-
ing causal-comparative design?
A. Matching
A. Seeking possible causes for a given ef-
B. Subgroups
fect.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Chi square
B. Seeking possible effects for a given
D. Analysis of covariance cause.
7. Which of the following is not a type of C. Demonstrating causation.
Causal-Comparative Research: D. Comparing groups that differ on some
A. Exploration of Effects variable.
2.6 Survey research

1. Which of the following ways do re- A. establish a friendly relationship with
searchers attempt to reduce nonresponse the respondent
in survey studies?
B. show their own views regarding the
A. Training interviewers/administrators study
B. Convenient arrangements C. follow-up on ambiguous answers
C. Clarity of questions D. ask questions in a standard manner
D. All of the above
5. An open-ended question is one in which
2. Survey research is concerned primarily
with: A. Respondents answer a set of given an-
swers
A. explaining phenomena
B. determining relationships among vari- B. Respondents are given a time-frame to
ables complete a question
C. reporting existing conditions C. Respondents provide their own an-

swers
D. statistical inference
D. Respondents make their own question
3. Which of the following is not included in
the research methodology? 6. Which method of survey research would
A. Target Area be most effective to know about the pop-
ularity of a new Social media app?
B. Ethical Considerations
C. Preview of the study A. Telephone survey
D. Primary data collection B. Personal interview

C. Questionnaire survey
4. Interviewers should be trained to do all of
the following except: D. None of these

7. The primary advantages of the interview 12. Focus group discussion is an example of
are: A. Group to group interview

A. high response rate and opportunity for B. Group to individual interview
clarification of questions
C. individual to group interview
B. cost and training required
D. all of these
C. anonymity and cost
13. Survey research collects data related to
D. time required and response rate
A. Opinions, Personality and social facts
8. The major problem with mail surveys is B. Opinions, professions and attitudes
the:
C. Opinions, attitudes and social facts
A. low response rate
D. None of these
B. cost
14. Fraudulent callers are known to
C. time required
A. Give true information about products
D. training required and offers
9. Which of the following is not the quality B. Give false information about products
of a good interviewer and offers.
A. Patient C. Give information about a company.
B. Good communication skills D. all of these
C. clumsy 15. How many main types of questions are

there in survey research
D. None of these
A. 1
10. Which of the following is an example of a B. 2
cross-sectional survey?
C. 3
A. An attitude scale is given to samples of
8-, 10-, and 12-year-olds. D. 4
B. An opinionnaire is mailed to the same 16. How many people are necessary for an in-
sample of graduates every year. terview?
C. A group of gifted children is assessed A. 1
every other year until adulthood. B. 2
D. None of the above. C. 3
11. To know the eligibility of a person for an D. none of above

internship, you would use
17. What is survey?
A. Focus group discussion A. a systematic methodfor gathering in-
B. individual to individual interview formaion from individuals for purposes of
describling the attributes of larger popula-
C. Questionnaire survey
tion of which the individuals are member
D. None of these.

B. a systematic method require the re- 22. which survey research method would have
spondent to choose one of several spec- the maximum outreach in the public?
ified answers and can also take a variety A. Interview
of forms.
B. Telephone calls
C. a systematic methodallow respon-
dents to write in their own answers. C. Questionnaire
D. a systematic methodare used to find D. All of these

out more about the characteristics of in- 23. A cover letter should accomplish all of the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
dividual teachers and learners (e.g., stu- following except:
dents’ age, gen-der, ethnicity, language
A. ensuring cooperation of the respon-
background, proficiency level, etc.).
dent
18. Survey research is often used to assess B. assuring confidentiality
A. thoughts C. clarifying the researcher’s hypotheses
B. opinions
C. feelings D. facilitating a reply
D. All above 24. What kind of questions could you ask?
19. An advantage of open-ended questions as A. Open and closed questions
compared to multiple-choice questions is B. Only open questions
that they:
C. yes/no questions
A. are easier to score
D. none of above
B. are preferred by respondents
C. are less subject to misinterpretation 25. what is an advantage of telephone sur-
vey?
D. provide more variety of responses
A. may be confused as spam.
20. Items used in survey research can include:
B. Quick Data Processing
A. test questions
C. limited sample size
B. questions of belief
D. requires technical expertise by re-
C. factual questions searcher.
D. all of the above
26. Is it important to follow up on those per-
21. The difference between a trend study and sons in a survey who did not return ques-
a cohort study is that a cohort study ob- tionnaires mailed to them?
tains data from: A. No, because high precision is not
A. the same sample at different points in needed in questionnaire surveys.
time B. No, because such delayed returns
B. different samples from the same spe- would be of doubtful value.
cific population C. Yes, because the sample that has al-
C. different samples from a population ready returned the questionnaire may be
whose members change somewhat biased.
D. an entire population at different points D. Yes, because descriptive statistics re-
in time quire a large sample.

27. Which method cannot be used in conjunc- 32. Which of the following questions is most
tion with the survey method? appropriately studied by means of a sur-
vey?

A. The experimental method
B. The causal-comparative method A. What are the effects of higher level
questioning?
C. The correlational method
B. Are there differences between boys
D. All can be used and girls in initiating social interaction?
28. In a panel study, the researcher obtains in- C. What do university graduates view as
formation from: strengths and weaknesses in their educa-
A. the same sample at different points in tion?
time D. What are the causes of high school
B. different samples at different times dropout?
C. different samples at the same time 33. What is a mode of delivering a survey?
D. an entire population at different points A. Reading
in time
B. Data Collection
29. Which of these is a quality of unstructured
C. Mail
interviews
D. none of the above
A. Standardised
B. Offensive 34. The purpose of most surveys is to:
C. uncomfortable to answer A. explore cause and effect
D. Flexibility in questions and answers B. obtain information from a sample
30. An advantage of multiple-choice questions C. test hypotheses
as compared to open-ended questions is D. describe the characteristics of a popu-
that they: lation
A. are easier to construct
35. Which survey design deals with collecting
B. are easier to score
data on past events.
C. require more questions to cover a
given topic A. Cohort survey
D. are easier to administer B. Panel survey

C. Cross-sectional survey
31. The longitudinal method in developmental
studies has the advantage of: D. Retrospective survey
A. more extensive data on individual sub- 36. Reluctance to respond is least in
jects
A. Telephone surveys
B. data for different age groups at the
same point in time B. Questionnaire surveys
C. prompt data gathering C. Personal interviews
D. no sampling errors D. All of these

37. What is Close-ended questions 42. What is an research error?

A. Close-ended questions require the re- A. A mistake made by the researcher
spondent to choose one of several speci- when conducting a research
fied answers and can also take a variety
of forms. B. An assumptions made about the sam-
ple the may not be true or accurate
B. Close-ended questions is a question
that a research project sets out to answer C. using the wrong survey design to con-
duct a research
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Close-ended questions allow respon- D. respondents failing to complete a
dents to write in their own answers. question due to laziness or lack of under-
D. Close-ended questions are used to find standing.
out more about the characteristics of in-
dividual teachers and learners (e.g., stu- 43. Which of the following is the best ques-
dents’ age, gen-der, ethnicity, language tion?
background, proficiency level, etc.).
A. Do you favor tuition tax credits as a
38. Further investigations you intend to pur- way of alleviating educational problems?
sue can be found in?
A. Introduction
B. Do you support tuition tax credits?
B. Research Methodology
C. Do you believe tuition tax credits
C. Literature Review would, on the whole, have more desirable
D. All of the above than undesirable consequences?
39. Interview schedule is used for D. Do you agree that tuition tax credits
A. unstructured interviews would not have negative effects?
B. Standardised interviews
44. Which of the following is not likely to dis-
C. Both of these tort the results of a survey?
D. None of these
A. The location where data are obtained
40. Which of the following are types of Survey
B. The format of the questionnaire
Research Methods?
A. Interviews C. The characteristics of the data collec-
tor
B. Questionnaires
C. Telephone surveys D. Statistical regression
D. All of the above
45. Which is an element of a Good Research
41. The section of the research proposal that Proposal
includes the research questions is the
A. Objectives
A. Objectives
B. Introduction
B. Introduction
C. Literature Review C. Title
D. Research Methodology D. All of the above

2.7 Qualitative research 103
46. Which survey research method is most A. is a question that a research project
effective in getting in-depth information sets out to answer
from reespondents.

B. is the purpose of the study
A. Questionnaires C. is the theoretically-driven list of topics
B. Telelphone survey you want to cover in the interview
C. Interview D. is the group of teachers or students
D. None of the above you would interview
47. A meeting in which a person who wants 49. A contingency question is one that:
a job talks to an employer about being A. is contingent upon the use of special-
hired. ized vocabulary
A. test B. depends on the answer to a prior ques-
B. job interview tion
C. manager C. provides at least three response ques-

tions
D. conference
D. is only given to predetermined respon-
48. What is the research question? dents
2.7 Qualitative research

1. It is where observations are written and C. Does not say
interpreted. D. Maybe
A. introduction section
4. Which is NOT a qualitative research de-
B. method section
sign?
C. analysis section
A. case study
D. recommendation section
B. survey
2. This occurs in a group interview setting C. historical
when one of the participants influences the
behavior and responses of the others. D. ethnography
A. social desirability bias 5. This type of generalization can happen

B. acquiescence bias when the sample is representative of the
target population.
C. sensitivity bias
A. case-to-case generalization
D. dominant respondent bias
B. theoretical generalization
3. Photographs, drawings, and videos can
C. sample-to-population generalization
give additional information on the data
being gathered in writing a qualitative D. none of above
study.
6. This is the participants’ tendency to re-
A. Yes spond or behave in a way that they think
B. No will make them liked or accepted.

A. social desirability bias C. studies are categorized into themes

B. acquiescence bias D. an introspective presentation of stud-
C. sensitivity bias ies
D. dominant respondent bias 12. This is the participant’s tendency to give
positive answers no mater the question.
7. Research refers to the overall strategy
that you choose to integrate the different A. social desirability bias
components of the study in a coherent and
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. acquiescence bias
logical way.
C. sensitivity bias
A. instrument
D. dominant respondent bias
B. design
C. approach 13. Which of the following is not a disadvan-
D. none of above tage of telephone interviewing?
A. Researchers do not have to spend so
8. When you study the group culture, you
much time and money on travelling
would employ an approach called
B. Some people in the target population
A. grounded theory
may not own a telephone
B. case study
C. It can be difficult to build rapport over
C. ethnography the telephone
D. none of above D. Interviewers cannot use visual cues
9. BONUS:Who’s the cutest Practical Re- such as show cards
search teacher?
14. This sampling technique happens when a
A. None small number of participants are invited
B. Ewwww and asked to invite other people they
know who also are of interest for the pur-
C. WTFudge!
poses of the research.
D. All of the above
A. purposive sampling
10. This provides support and detailed infor- B. theoretical sampling
mation of the research study.
C. snowball sampling
A. research question
D. convenience sampling
B. justification
C. research title 15. This is the tendency of participants to an-
D. none of above swer regular questions honestly, but dis-
tort their responses to questions on sensi-
11. Which will make a good presentation of tive subjects.
Review of Related Literature? A. social desirability bias
A. related studies are limited to 5-15
B. acquiescence bias
years
C. sensitivity bias
B. sources are identified only in the refer-
ence sections D. dominant respondent bias

16. Which of the following is not an example 21. Which qualitative research takes place in
of a ‘unit of analysis’? the field of social care, nursing, psychol-
ogy, rehabilitation centers, education, and

A. significant actors
the like?
B. Words
A. Case Study
C. Validity
B. Ethnography
D. ) subjects and themes
C. Phenomenology
17. I think this class is going to be easy for D. Historical Analysis
me because I like to avoid numbers at all
costs. 22. Quantitative content analysis is an ap-
proach that aims to:
A. True
A. Objectively and systematically mea-
B. False sure the content of a text
C. I would rather not answer because I B. Reach an interpretive understanding
do not want to incriminate myself of social action
D. none of above C. Engage in a critical dialogue about eth-
ical issues in research
18. This refers to combining observa-
tions/interpretations of different re- D. Provide a feminist alternative to ‘male-
searchers. stream’ quantitative methods
A. method triangulation 23. Which of the following Qualitative Re-
B. data triangulation search is derived from the Greek terms
ethnos which means “people, folk, or na-
C. researcher triangulation tion and grapho which means “to write?”
D. theory triangulation A. Case Study
19. This refers to using data from a variety of B. Ethnography
accessible sources. C. Phenomenology
A. method triangulation D. Historical Analysis
B. data triangulation
24. This is the phrase used when the re-
C. researcher triangulation searcher explains not just the observed be-
D. theory triangulation havior, but the also the context in which it
occurs.
20. Which characteristics shows that Qualita- A. thick description
tive Research is a kind of research that has
words, words and more words? B. thin description
A. Human Understanding and Interpreta- C. detailed observation

tion D. thick analysis
B. Abound with Words and Visuals
25. Which of the following describes the disci-
C. Contextualization plined inquiry of qualitative research?
D. Internal Analysis A. The research is investigative.

B. The research is rigorous in terms of B. iterativity

data collection and analysis C. researcher bias
C. The research emphasizes the voices of D. triangulation
participants.
D. All of the above. 31. This part of research provides the bound-
aries or limitation of the research study.
26. It is considered to deal with beliefs about A. benefits and beneficiaries
what is right and wrong, proper and im-
B. scope and delimitation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
proper.
A. research C. justification
D. none of above
B. ethics
C. respondents 32. Where is the setting of Dunkin’s Flavor Ra-
dio?
D. none of above
A. Manila
27. This part of the research serve as a direc-
B. Seoul
tion of the study.
C. Pyongyang
A. research title
D. Everywhere
B. justification
C. research question 33. In qualitative research, “designs” refers
?
D. none of above
A. research methods
28. Which characteristics of Qualitative Re-
B. research objectives
search shows an individual’s mental, so-
cial, and spiritual understanding of the C. research studies
world? D. none of above
A. Human Understanding and Interpreta-
tion
search involves all variables, factors, or
B. Active, Powerful and Forceful conditions affecting the study?
C. Contextualization A. Human Understanding and Interpreta-
D. Internal Analysis tion
B. Abound with Words and Visuals
29. Which is not a part of Chapter 5?
C. Contextualization
A. Conclusions
D. Internal Analysis
B. Discussions
C. Recommendations 35. Why is it important for structured in-
terviews to follow a standardized proce-
D. Findings dure?
30. This happens when researchers reflect on A. To increase validity, as the interview
the possibility that their own biases might can be adapted for each respondent
have interfered with the observations or B. To increase reliability, because all re-
interpretations. spondents receive the same interview
A. reflexivity stimulus

C. To allow for an in-depth exploration of 40. This sampling technique uses the sample
the topic that is easily available or accessible.

D. To make it easier for untrained inter- A. purposive sampling
viewers to carry out complex surveys
B. theoretical sampling
C. snowball sampling
search lets you choose varied methods and
approaches for your research? D. convenience sampling
A. Specificity to Generalization
41. This sampling technique targets a particu-
B. Abounds with words and visuals lar group of people who would make good
C. Multiple Research Methods and Ap- study participants because of their charac-
proaches teristics.
D. Internal Analysis A. purposive sampling
37. How to best present the summary of find- B. theoretical sampling

ings in a research? C. snowball sampling
A. number the summarized findings to
D. convenience sampling
easy understand the ideas
B. write every single findings discuss in 42. Which of the following describes an impor-
chapter 4 tant reason for exploring qualitative top-
C. include statistical data to make the ics?
findings credible A. Qualitative research can identify dif-
D. write the summary in paragraph form ferences in the meanings of activities and
practices across situations that appear on
38. What is a main strength of qualitative re- the surface quite similar in nature.
search?
B. Qualitative research has the potential
A. generates results that are relatively in- to provide insight into situations that in-
dependent of the research creases our understanding of them.
B. leads to a complex understanding C. Qualitative research can provide un-
about events or phenomenon derstanding of a particular setting or con-
C. produces integrated knowledge that textually relevant situation.
informs theory and practice
D. All of the above.
D. empowers practitioners to contribute
to knowledge base 43. Which of the following is a characteristic
of qualitative research?
39. This occurs when the sample is not ade-
quate for the aims of the research. A. It relies on disciplined inquiry.
A. confirmation bias B. It uses random sampling techniques.
B. sampling bias C. It uses a static, fixed research design.
C. question order bias
D. biased reporting D. It is deductive in orientation.

44. This occurs when respondents in an inter- 49. This is using a combination of different
view are inclined to answer in a certain approaches to collecting and interpreting
way because the wording of the question data.
encourages them to do so.
A. triangulation
A. confirmation bias
B. data analysis
B. leading question bias
C. qualitative analysis
D. quadratic formulation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. biased reporting
50. Standardizing the interview schedule can
45. This is the use of different methods in com- reduce interviewer variation in terms of:
bination, which can compensate for their
individual limitations and reinforce their A. The way in which questions are
strengths. phrased by the interviewer
A. method triangulation B. The order in which questions are

asked
B. data triangulation
C. The procedures used to code and anal-
C. researcher triangulation yse survey data
D. theory triangulation D. All of the above
46. Which characteristics shows that Qualita-
51. It is a single statement that presents the
tive Research is a kind of research that can
argument in a research study.
influence people and create an impact?
A. justification
A. Active, Powerful and Forceful
B. research title
B. Diverse Data in Real-Life Situations
C. thesis statement
C. Abounds with Words and Visuals
D. none of above
D. Contextualization
47. An element in research writing where you 52. Which of the following could be subjected
are giving credits to your sources. to a textual content analysis?
A. appendix A. Interview transcripts
B. references B. Newspaper articles
C. biography C. Song lyrics

D. none of above D. All of the above
48. This is when the researcher has a prior be- 53. This occurs when some findings of the
lief and uses the research in an uninten- study are not equally represented in the
tional attempt to confirm that belief. research report.
A. confirmation bias A. confirmation bias
B. leading question bias B. leading question bias
C. question order bias C. question order bias
D. biased reporting D. biased reporting

2.8 Characteristics and Importance of Qualitative Research 109
54. This occurs when responses to one ques- 57. This is where we can find an explanation
tion influence the participants’ responses of why the research topic is valuable.
to the questions that follow.

A. conclusion
A. confirmation bias
B. assumption statement
B. leading question bias
C. introduction
D. none of above
D. biased reporting
58. Which of the following describes the pur-
55. This is where the writer explains how the pose of qualitative research?
data was gathered and how the survey
was conducted A. It describes and answers questions
about participants and contexts.
A. method section
B. t explores a phenomenon to better un-
B. conclusion section
derstand it.
C. analysis section
C. It answers questions and illuminates
D. none of above issues that cannot be answered by quan-
56. In writing the conclusion, remember to titative methods.
A. follow the sequence on how the ques- D. All of the above.

tions are arranged in the Statement of the
59. This type of generalization is when thick
problem
descriptions are provided so the re-
B. generalize the conclusions to avoid searcher can determine if the research ap-
item by item presentation plies to her/his instance.
C. link the conclusion from the related A. case-to-case generalization
studies included
B. theoretical generalization
D. match the number of conclusions to
the number of findings, to the number of C. sample-to-population generalization
recommendations D. none of above
2.8 Characteristics and Importance of Qualitative Research

1. Which is not a reason a biographical study a grounded theory study?
is hard to do? A. use of interview data only
A. the researcher must understand the
B. use of the inductive method
historical period
C. constant checking of interpretations
B. the researcher must remain outside
against data
the account
D. production of an emergent theory
C. the researcher must deal with a lot of
information 3. Qualitative data are least likely to be col-
D. the researcher must identify special lected by:
life events A. photographs
2. Which is not an important characteristic of B. diaries

C. questionnaires 8. In qualitative research, the role of the re-

D. official records searcher is to:
A. reduce information to numerical form
4. What are the differences in the data anal-
ysis procedure of quantitative and qualita- B. become highly familiar with the con-
tive research? text of the study
A. Data analysis procedures are the C. develop instruments for data collec-
same in quantitative and qualitative re- tion
NARAYAN CHANGDER
search.
D. carry out statistical analyses
B. In quantitative research is used to di-
rect the types of questions or hypotheses. 9. In qualitative research differences among
In qualitative is typically used to establish types of purposive sample are based on
the importance of the central idea. differences in:
C. In quantitative research, the investi- A. individual variability
gator relies on statistical analysis of the
data. In qualitative research, statistics B. timing during the study
are not used to analyze the data; instead,
C. representativeness
the inquirer analyzes words.
D. none of above D. all of the above
5. A basic difference between positivism and 10. Which of the following is more likely to be
its critics pertains to: found in a qualitative study compared to
other methods?
A. the importance of valid information
B. the role of religion A. A description of the patterns of inter-
action among the members of a group
C. the nature of reality
B. A description of the skills of the mem-
D. the importance of value bers of a group
6. Hypotheses in qualitative research usu- C. An analysis of group productivity
ally:
D. A description of group attitudes to-
A. emerge as the study progresses ward various issues
B. are stated at the outset
C. are irrelevant 11. Which of the following procedures is not
typical of school applications of the case
D. are nondirectional study method?
7. Are qualitative procedures for describ- A. Interviews with parents
ing, analyzing, and interpreting a cultural
B. Interviews with the individual being
group’s
studied
A. Narrative research designs.
C. Observations of the individual in a va-
B. Action research designs. riety of situations
C. Ethnographic designs. D. Collecting data from a large number of
D. none of above subjects

12. What is the similarity in the procedures C. administer a survey or questionnaire

of qualitative and quantitative data collec- to a small group of people.
tion?

D. none of above
A. Quantitative approaches use more
closed-ended approaches in qualitative 17. Which is not a criticism of quantitative re-
approaches use more open-ended ap- search made by qualitative researchers?
proaches. A. Treats people as objects
B. Both quantitative and qualitative data B. Can’t see the forest for the trees
collection may employ similar approaches,
such as interviews or observations. C. Is not creative
C. In the introduction to a study the re- D. Oversimplifies

search problem section in that both sec-
18. A phenomenological study makes the as-
tions need to establish the importance of
sumption that:
the problem.
A. there is an objective reality
D. none of above
B. individual perceptions vary greatly
13. Qualitative researchers prefer natural set-
tings because: C. unique phenomena are especially en-
lightening
A. they believe context is crucial
D. important agreements exist among in-
B. they are easier to arrange dividual perceptions
C. they lead to more reliable data
19. Data analysis in qualitative studies, com-
D. they require less training
pared to quantitative studies, is:
14. Conclusions from qualitative research are: A. inductive rather than deductive
A. seldom justified B. deductive rather than inductive
B. of descriptive value only C. theoretical rather than applied
C. of little practical value D. applied rather than theoretical
D. less certain than from quantitative re-
search 20. Mention a characteristic of quantitative re-
search
15. Generalization in qualitative research is:
A. Collecting data based on words from
A. Impossible a small number of individuals so that the
B. different from quantitative research participants’ views are obtained
C. dependent upon type of sample B. Writing the report using flexible,
emerging structures and evaluative cri-
D. of little interest
teria, and including the researchers’ sub-
16. Are the specific procedures involved in the jective reflexivity and bias.
research process C. Creating purpose statements, re-
A. Data collection, data analysis, and research questions, and hypotheses that
port writing. are specific, narrow, measurable, and ob-
B. Intervention studies or group compar- servable
ison studies. D. none of above

2.9 Quantitative research 112
21. Qualitative researchers are more inter- 25. The unique perceptions of individuals are
ested in which question? most likely to be viewed by qualitative re-
A. Who searchers as:
B. How A. undesirable and unreliable sources of
data
C. What
B. useful for illustrating the results of a
D. When
study
22. What is the key concept, idea or process
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. irrelevant to the purposes of the study
studied in qualitative research?
A. Quantitative research. D. an essential part of an investigation
B. Qualitative report.
26. Sampling of participants in qualitative
C. Central phenomenon. studies is typically:
D. none of above
A. random
23. In qualitative research, “propositions” B. cluster random
may be used:
C. purposive
A. as flexible tools
D. convenience
B. to help guide data collection
C. to help with data analysis 27. Examples of instruments In quantitative
data collection are:
D. all of the above
A. survey questionnaires, standardized
24. Qualitative researchers view ongoing tests, and checklists.
changes in procedures as:
B. semi-structured, unstructured tech-
A. a result of poor planning niques and no test based.
B. desirable C. not use test, data not usually mesure-
C. a necessary evil able.
D. unacceptable D. none of above
2.9 Quantitative research

1. Research is for a given behavior.
A. An observation to an object which is A. Comparative
based on questions
B. Normative
B. An organized and systematic way of
finding answers to questions C. Evaluative
C. An implementation of a strategy to see D. Methodological

whether it works
3. It is a process used to determine what has
D. A comparison between two events to happened during a given activity or in an
see the differences between them institution.
2. It describe the norm level of characteristics A. Comparative

B. Norminal B. Requires large number of respondents

C. Evaluative

D. Methodological C. Analyzed in quick and easy way
D. Replicable
4. This kind of research design derives conclu-
sion from observations and manifestation 9. The independent variable of a research en-
that already occurred in the past and now titled “The Effectiveness of Mind-mapping
compared to some dependent variables. in teaching writing ability” is
A. Survey A. The mind-mapp strategy
B. Correlational
B. The students’ writing ability
C. Ex-Post Facto
C. The effect
D. Normative
D. The teaching
5. This term implies that the two variables
are correlated. 10. The problem of research should fulfil the
requirements below, except
A. cerchier
A. It should be not too broad or general
B. graphein
C. bivariate B. It hasn’t been answered by previous
research
D. ethnos
C. It mustn’t need empirical study
6. Andrea use kangkong in her study. The D. It should be in the form of question
first 50 g kangkong was exposed in tap that needs to be answered
water another 50 g was exposed in pol-
luted water. Which type of quasi ex- 11. It is done to check the correctness and ver-
perimental research is applicable in her ify the findings of the study.
study?
A. Large Sample Size
A. Time Series
B. Numerical Data
B. Single subject quasi
C. Objective
C. Matched comparison
D. Matched comparison and Time Series D. Replication
7. Communicates findings via statistics and 12. The researchers know in advance what
aggregated data they are looking for. The research ques-
tions are well-defined for which the ob-
A. Qualitative jective answers are sought. All aspects
B. Quantitative of the study are carefully designed before
C. Both data are gathered.
D. none of above A. Clearly Defined Research Questions

B. Future Outcomes
8. Which of the following is NOT one of the
strength of quantitative research? C. Numerical Data
A. Real and unbiased D. Structured Research Instruments

13. Which of the following describes the char- 18. Which of the following illustrates a quan-
acteristics of research where data are in a titative study?
form of statistics? A. attributes to malnutrition in children
A. Large Sample Size B. public opinion to the corruption in our
B. Numerical Data country
C. Objective C. academic performance of high school
students
D. Replication
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. all of the above choices
14. Which of the following is NOT one of the
characteristics of quantitative research? 19. Which Research Title shows cause and ef-
fect relationships?
A. objective
A. Perception of students in SHS
B. costly
B. Effect of ICT in students’ study habits
C. replication
C. Perception of students in SHS and Ef-
D. structured research instruments fect of ICT in students’ study habits
15. The differences between qualitative and D. Effect of ICT in students’ study habits
quantitative lie in these aspects below, ex- and Determination of factors affecting stu-
cept: dents’ performance
A. Measurement used 20. To test theory
B. The aims of research A. Qualitative
C. The presence of human in measure- B. Quantitative
ment
C. Both
D. Its logic
D. none of above
16. It is conducted by researchers whose aim 21. Kristine choose ABM 1 as the treatment
would be to find out the directions, asso- group and ABM 2 as another group as
ciations and/or relationship between dif- the respondents of her study. What type
ferent variables or groups of respondents of quasi-experimental research did she
under study. used?
A. Survey A. Time series
B. Correlational B. Single Subject Quasi
C. Ex-Post Facto C. Matched Comparison
D. Normative D. Matched Comparison and Time Series
17. In which field does experimental research 22. Construct interpretative narratives from
usually takes place? the data.
A. Humanities A. Qualitative
B. Pharmacy B. Quantitative
C. Psychology C. Both
D. Sociology D. none of above

23. It is used to gather information from C. Multiple Method

groups of people by selecting and study- D. Scientific Method
ing samples chosen from a population.

A. Survey 28. Which of the following question illustrate
a prediction study?
B. Correlational
A. Which high school applicants should
C. Ex-post Facto be admitted to college?
D. Normative B. Suppose the High School GPA is not the
sole predictor of college GPA, what might
24. It involves comparing and contrasting two
be the other predictor?
or more samples of study subjects on one
or more variables, often at a single point C. what is the effect of Home Schooling
of time. on the social skills of adolescents?
A. Comparative D. What is the level of study habits of the
high school students?
B. Normative
C. Evaluative 29. Which of the following is NOT belong to
the group?
D. Ex-Post Facto
A. Survey
25. Sometimes conducted in laboratory set- B. Methodological
tings and/or artificial settings
C. Case Study
A. Qualitative
D. Ex-Post Facto
B. Quantitative
C. Both 30. Which of the following is NOT a character-
istic of quantitative research?
D. none of above
A. Data are gathered before proposing a
26. In this research design, the implementa- conclusion or solution to a problem
tion of a variety of methodologies forms B. Method can be repeated to verify find-
a critical part of achieving the goal of de- ings in another setting, thus, strengthen
veloping a scale-matched approach, where and reinforcing validity of findings elimi-
data from different disciplines can be inte- nating the possibility of spurious conclu-
grated. sions
A. Comparative C. Figures, tables or graphs showcase
B. Normative summarized data collection in order to
show trends, relationship or differences
C. Evaluative
among variables
D. Methodological
D. It seeks to gather a more comprehen-
27. Rose conducted a study about the effect sive understanding of activities related to
of organic and inorganic fertilizer in the human behavior and the attributes that
growth of plants, what method should she rule such behavior
used? 31. Survey aims at
A. Survey A. To find out the difference between
B. Interview groups after treatment is given

B. To find out the relationship between 36. Seeks to find the truth through logic
the two variables A. Qualitative
C. To find out the phenomena happen in
B. Quantitative
large population about an object
C. Both
D. To find out the phenomena happen in
small population about an object D. none of above
32. This type of correlational research design 37. It uses numbers in stating generalization
NARAYAN CHANGDER
obtain score from two variables for each about a given problem or inquiry.
subject, and then uses them to calculate a
A. Basic Research
correlational coefficient.
B. Applied Research
A. Bivariate Correlational Studies
B. Longitudinal C. Qualitative Research
C. Prediction Studies D. Quantitative Research
D. Multiple Regression Prediction 38. This characteristic of quantitative research
33. Uses standardized instruments which refers to its necessity to arrive at a
more reliable data analysis.
A. Qualitative
A. Large Sample Size
B. Quantitative
B. Numerical data
C. Both
C. Objective
D. none of above
D. Replication
34. Correlation aims at
A. To find out the difference between 39. Which research topic utilizes random sam-
groups after treatment is given pling?
B. To find out the relationship between A. Learning styles
the two variables, whether it is positive or B. Learning styles and communication
negative media
C. To find out the phenomena happen in C. Communication media and perception
large population about an object on SHS curriculum
D. To find out the phenomena happen in
D. Learning styles, communication media
small population about an object
and perception on SHS curriculum
35. Which of the following BEST defines quan-
titative research? 40. Mrs. Caparas administered pre-test and
post-test in Grade 12 STEM about chemi-
A. It is an exploration associated with li- cal equations. What type of quasi experi-
braries, books and journals mental research is applicable in the given
B. It is an activity concerned with finding methodology?
new truth in education
A. Time Series
C. It is a systematic process obtaining nu-
B. Single Subject Quasi
merical information about the world
D. It is an activity of producing or proving C. Matched Comparison
a theorem D. Matched Comparison and Time Series

2.10 Nature of Quantitative Research 117
41. All variables in the study can contribute to A. It is focused statement which predicts
the overall prediction in an equation that an answer to research question
adds together the predictive power of each

B. It is based on the findings of previous
identified variable. research and perhaps the previous expe-
A. Bivariate Correlational Studies rience with the subject
B. Longitudinal C. It is to test ultimate objective of induc-
C. Prediction Studies tive research
D. Multiple Regression Prediction D. Gives direction and focus to the re-
search in formulating research method
42. Why do other think that quantitative re-
search is complex than qualitative re- 44. Experimental research aims at
search? Because of
A. To find out the difference between
A. Theories groups after treatment is given
B. Hypotheses B. To find out the relationship between
C. Factual Data the two variables
D. Numerical data C. To find out the phenomena happen in
43. In a quantitative research, there is a hy- large population about an object
pothesis. The statements below is correct D. a. To find out the phenomena happen
about hypothesis, except in small population about an object
2.10 Nature of Quantitative Research

1. Which is not a strength of quantitative re- 3. Measurement in quantitative research is
search? dependent:
A. Findings can be generalized. A. Statistics
B. Sample used is the whole population. B. Chemistry
C. Relatively easy to analyze
C. Physics
D. Data can be very consistent, precise
and reliable. D. Biology
2. One of the weaknesses of quantitative re- 4. Why is measurement in quantitative re-

search is: search important?
A. Related secondary data is always A. It provides a unique solution to all
available problems.
B. Accessing available data is
easy/possible B. It is better than qualitative analysis.
C. Easy to understand the context of a C. It connects empirical observation with

phenomenon. mathematical relationships.
D. Data may not be robust enough to ex- D. It is easier to do than mere subjective
plain complex issues. observation.

2.11 Historical research 118
2.11 Historical research

1. What is Historical Research? A. Formulate hypotheses
A. Is the collecting and evaluating data B. Data needs to be collected
and using the information found to relate C. Interpret results
past and present events.
D. Define problem
B. Is concerned with the manipulation of
NARAYAN CHANGDER
conditions to investigate cause-effect re- 3. What do you do in the fourth step of his-
lationships. torical research?
C. generally used to describe a phe- A. Identify and use a variety of sources to
nomenon. gather information:
D. explore associations between two or B. Pause and ensure the data collected is
more variables, without any attempts to related and reliable to your research.
influence them. C. The researcher must look for trends
2. These are all steps of historical research and patterns worth answering
except for D. none of above
2.12 Descriptive research

1. An American psychologist who supported 4. A system of interrelated ideas that is used
the experimentation on animals in order to to explain a set of observations.
help humans. A. Hypothesis
A. Robert Rosenthal B. Placebo effects
B. Stanley Schachter C. Theory
C. Neal Miller D. Empiricism
D. none of above
5. The subjects in a study who receive some
2. A tentative statement about the relation- special treatment in regard to the indepen-
ship between two or more variables. dent variable.
A. Hypothesis A. Extraneous variables
B. Research methods B. Correlation coefficient
C. Theory C. Experimental Group
D. Inferential statistics D. Control group
3. What is an in-depth investigation of an in- 6. Statistics that are used to interpret data
dividual subject. and draw conclusions.
A. Case Study A. Independent variable
B. Control Group B. Replication
C. Response Set C. Inferential statistics
D. Standard Deviation D. Statistical significance

2.12 Descriptive research 119
7. Below is an example of a rating scale 12. Subjects in a study who do not receive the
known as scale.-Very satisfied- special treatment given to the experimen-
Somewhat satisfied-Neither satisfied nor tal group.

dissatisfied-Somewhat dissatisfied-Very A. Experimental group
dissatisfied
B. Control Group
A. Liket
C. Hypothesis
B. Likert
D. Meditation
C. Litkert
13. A thick question usually starts with which
D. none of above
words?
8. The is the one manipulated by the re- A. How & Why
searcher.
B. Who & What
A. DV
C. Where & When
B. Confounding Variable D. All of the Above
C. Controls
14. Group members identify additional mem-
D. IV bers to be included in the sample.
9. is used when the same group A. Snowball sampling
of participants is exposed to 2 or more con- B. Quota sampling
ditions and the conditions are compared.
C. Purposive sampling
A. Matched pair design
D. none of above
B. Independent measures design
15. of a construct means expressing it in
C. Repeated measures design
terms of observable behavior.
D. Correlational measures design
A. IV
10. sampling is a good method to use when B. DV
conducting a pilot study. C. Operationalization
A. Non-probability D. Inferences
B. Non-probable
16. In every member of the target pop-
C. Non-random ulation has an equal chance of becoming
D. none of above part of the sample.
A. Stratified sampling
11. refers to the extent to which the re-
sults of the study can be applied beyond B. Random sampling
the sample and the settings used in the C. Opportunity sampling
study.
D. Self-selected sampling
A. Generalizability
17. The extent to which the scores in a data
B. Population
set tend to vary from each other and from
C. Sample the mean.
D. Credibility A. Survey

2.12 Descriptive research 120
B. Variability 23. The need to associate with others and

C. Data collection techniques maintain social bonds.
A. Confounding of variables
D. Correlation
B. Operational definition
18. Below are the advantages of open-ended C. Affiliation motive
question except for
D. Social desirability bias
A. easier to construct
24. are conducted in a real life setting.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. permits follow up by interviewer The researcher manipulates the IV, but the
C. more popular with respondents participants are in their natural setting.
D. allows more freedom of response A. Natural exp.
B. Field exp.
19. The use of mathematics to organize, sum-
marize, and interpret numerical data. C. Lab exp.
D. Case study
A. Sampling bias
B. Statistics 25. The collection of subjects selected for ob-
servation in an empirical study.
C. Naturalistic observation
A. Sample
D. Variability
B. Journal
20. A is the group of individuals taking C. Descriptive statistics
part in the research study. D. Replication
A. Population 26. is used to test relationships between
B. Sample quantitative variables. In other words,
C. Variable it’s a measure of how things are related
A. Regression
D. Control
B. Correlation
21. is the group of people to which the C. Variance
findings of the study are expected to be
D. none of above
generalized.
A. Sample 27. Identify the Population:
B. Random sampling A. 230 Teachers

B. All Cebu City Teachers
C. Target population
C. Students
D. Matching variables
D. Cebu City Elementary Schools
22. Which of the following is a research
28. The persons or animals whose behavior is
method?
systematically observed in a study.
A. Correlation A. Confounding of variables
B. Matched-pairs B. Theory
C. Randomization C. Naturalistic observation
D. Brain Imaging D. Participants

2.13 Experimental research 121
29. research operates with variables that 31. The score that falls exactly in the center of
can be manipulated. a distribution of scores.

A. Correlational A. Median
B. Quantitative B. Meditation
C. Qualitative C. Mode
D. Artifacts D. Mean
30. A descriptive studies characterizes ques- 32. Which of the following is not a research
tions except for design?
A. when A. Natural
B. who B. Repeated Measures
C. where C. Independent Samples/Measures
D. how D. Matched Pairs
2.13 Experimental research

1. In learning experiments in classroom set- 4. When the researchers implement flipped
tings, the independent variable is learning model in class A (experimental
A. A response group), butnot in class B (control group),
the research use test
B. A stimulus of some kind
A. One-Way Analysis of Variance
C. A hypothesized outcome
B. T-Tests for dependent groups
D. A variable being tested
C. T-Tests for independent groups
2. what is a control group?
D. Central tendency
A. a group of participants that do not re-
ceive the treatment 5. The condition which is controlled by the re-
B. the participants who receive the treat- searchers and applied to another condition
ment. iscalled
C. different outcome variable A. independent variable
D. the sample group B. dependent variable

C. hypothesis
3. What’s a possible solution to participants’
changes over the time of the research D. control
[maturation treat]?
6. Why you use Experimental Research De-
A. Selecting participants who are at the sign?
same developmental level.
A. It is used to evaluate the methods that
B. Conducting your study in an unobtru- people apply in the investigation they are
sive way carrying out.
C. Using a smaller population. B. It is used because we want to improve
D. Using counterbalancing. the standard o fan academic instution or

the conditions of a issue that is presented. A. Random assignment, group compar-

isons and threats to validity.
C. It is used because we want to improve B. Random assignment, group measures
the standart of an academic institution or and manipulation.
the conditions of a issue that is presented. C. Outcome comparisons, threats to inva-
lidity and random assignment.
D. none of above D. Group measures, control over ideas
NARAYAN CHANGDER
and threats to invalidity.
7. Experimental research is completed in
what type of environment? 12. What is an advantage of experimental re-
A. Controlled search?
B. Chaotic A. Results are specific to the experiment
C. Vibrant
B. Easy to conduct
D. none of above
C. Time consuming
8. The assumed relationship between the D. none of above
variables is called
A. independent variable 13. What are the types of experimental re-
search design?
A. Pre-experimental research design
C. hypothesis
B. True experimental research design
D. control
C. Quasi-experimental research design
9. What is experimental research research? D. All of them
A. Research that investigates relation-
ship between variables 14. What is a disadvantage of experimental
research?
B. Research that describes factors of a
phenomenon A. Results are very subjective
B. Perfectly executable
C. Research enabling researchers to con-
trol the situation leading to different out- C. Boring
comes D. none of above
D. Research that solve problems
15. Using random assignment is useful so that
10. When you make predictions that are spe- A. Experiments are conducted under
cific and testable you have to more natural conditions
A. To apply hypothesis B. A causal effect of an intervention can
B. To write testable hypothesis be calculated
C. To apply hypothesis C. Personal characteristics of individuals
are distributed equally among the groups
D. To play with the hypothesis
11. What are some of the characteristics of ex- D. Results are clearly replicable or pre-
periments? dictable

16. The variable affected by a treatment is B. the participants who receive the treat-
called ment.

A. independent variable C. different outcome variable
B. dependent variable D. the sample group
C. hypothesis 22. What’s an experimental group?
D. none of above A. The group that gives an experimental
17. What is a variable? procedure or a test sample.
A. The cause of a phenomenon B. The group in which conditions produce

a negative outcome.
B. The effect of a phenomen
C. The group in which the conditions guar-
C. Learning strategies antee a positive result.
D. Anything that may change or may be D. The group that receives an experimen-
changed from one condition to another tal procedure or a test sample.
18. is used when you test the same group 23. What type of study would be used during
of subject two times. the pandemic
A. One-Way Analysis of Variance A. Observational
B. T-Tests for dependent groups B. Hands-on
C. T-Tests for independent groups C. Correlational
D. Central tendency D. none of above
19. What’s the most commun type of experi- 24. When the population should have equal
mental design performed in classroom set- chance to be included in the sample, there
tings? is
A. Quasi-experiments. A. Variable manipulation
B. True experiments. B. Random assignment
C. Time series experiments. C. Groupings
D. Single subject experiments. D. Nonprobability sampling
20. Which type of experimental design is the 25. What is the first step in experimental re-
best option when seeking to learn about search?
the behavior of single individuals rather A. Creating an experiment
than groups?
B. Formulating a hypothesis
A. Repeated measures experiments.
C. Identifying a research problem
B. Single subject experiments.
D. Testing hypothesis
C. Quasi-experiments.
D. True experiments 26. This type of study is carried out over a long
period. It measures and observes the vari-
21. what is an experimental group? ables of interest without changing existing
A. a group of participants that do not re- conditions.
ceive the treatment A. Survey

2.14 case study 124
B. Simulations C. Single subject experiments.

C. Observational Study D. Factorial designs.
D. none of above 28. When a researcher expects certain out-
comes, and thereby causes them to occur
27. When a researcher has access to only one
is known as
group and can study them over a period.
Which is the most suitable experimental A. Diffusion of treatments.
type to perform? B. Researcher expectancy.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Time series experiments. C. Reactivity.
B. Repeated measures experiments. D. History.
2.14 case study

1. Types of case studies are not distinguished 5. Which of the following is not a type of case
by study by disciplinary orientation?
A. intent A. Ethnographic case study
B. function B. Historical case study
C. disciplinary orientation C. Interpretive case studies
D. finance D. Sociological case study
2. a further weakness of a case study.. 6. a weakness of a case study..
A. they often use a range of data A. it is objective
B. there is inter-rater reliability B. it is reliable
C. it is rare or unusual C. it is subjective
D. it is difficult to generalise the findings
D. there are no demand characteristics
3. This type of case study is used to describe
7. another strength of a case study..
an intervention or phenomenon and the
real-life context in which it occurred. A. it often has practical applications
A. Instrumental B. it is time consuming
B. Exploratory C. the data is easy to analyse
C. Intrinsic D. they can prove the hypothesis
D. Explanatory
8. Which of the following is a limitation of
4. Who is the author of this quote “You can case study?
add anything but later!” A. It takes longer to analyze the data.
A. Socrates B. It is relevant to all parties involved
B. Confucius C. Transcendal state is seldom perfectly
C. Yernazar achieved
D. Abai D. none of above

2.14 case study 125
9. What research methodology is an empir- 14. Which philosophical background is most

ical inquiry about a contemporary phe- closely related to case study research?
nomenon, set within its real-world con-

A. Constructivist
text.
B. Post-postivist
A. Narrative
C. Feminist
B. Ethnography
C. Case Study D. None. The philosophical versatility al-
lows the researcher to decide the method-
D. Phenomenology ological orientation.
10. Who are the main initial contributors to
15. What is a case study?
case study research as a methodology?
A. generating a general explanation of a
A. Yin & Stake
process, action by the views of a large
B. Einstein & Yin number of participants
C. Creswell & Lichtman B. Investigates a phenomenon within its
D. Curie & Yin real-life context.
11. Which one of the following is NOT a bene- C. qualitative research with a specific fo-
fit of case study? cus on the stories
A. It turns opinion into fact. D. none of above
B. It is inexpensive. 16. This type of case study is used to explore
C. It turns client observations into use- situations in which the intervention being
able data. evaluated has no clear, single set of out-
D. develops community’s action plan comes.
A. Explanatory
12. This term suggests that researchers have
a genuine interest in the case and should B. Instrumental
use this approach when the intent is to bet- C. Exploratory
ter understand the case. The case itself is
D. Intrinsic
of interest.
A. Descriptive 17. which of these describes a case study?
B. Exploratory A. in depth investigation
C. Intrinsic B. qualitative data
D. Instrumental C. a large sample
13. Researchers who study single individuals D. generalisable
in depth in order to uncover general prin-
ciples of thinking and behavior are using 18. which of the following research is a case
which research method? study you have learned?
A. experimentation A. Harlow
B. correlational study B. Ainsworth
C. naturalistic observation C. Baddeley and Hitch
D. case study D. HM

2.15 Ethnography 126
19. A strength of a case study is that.. 20. How many steps are there in the case
A. it is often subjective study process?
B. it allows us to study areas that are usu- A. 5

ally unethical B. 4
C. they are unethical C. 6
D. they have demand characteristics D. 3
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2.15 Ethnography
1. Which is NOT the characteristic of Ethno- 4. Order the steps of the ethnographic re-
graphic Research? search processa.-Identify Intent and the
Type of Design and Relate Intent to Your
A. the research takes a relative long time
Research Problemb.-Discuss Approval and
Access Considerationsc.-Write the Report
B. carried out in the context in which the Consistent with Your Designd.-Analyze
subjects normally live and work and Interpret Data within a Designe.-Use
C. questions or hypothesis emerge be- Appropriate Data Collection Procedures
fore the course of investigation A. a, b, e, d, c
D. the researcher does not try to control B. a, b, e, c, d
or handle the phenomenon C. e, b, a, c, d
2. What is the last step in Ethnography re- D. none of above
search process? 5. Ethnographic instruments are:
A. Write the Report Consistent with Your A. Observation, Interview, Question-
Design naires, Video & Audio Taping
B. Write the Report Which no Consistent B. Observation, Interview, Video & Audio
with Your Design Taping, Field-note
C. Analyze and Interpret Data within a C. Observation, Survey, Video & Audio
Design Taping, Field-note
3. Select the option to complete correctly the 6. What is Ethnography research?

ethnographic research technique.“ is A. Ethnography research is a qualitative
the use of multiple methods, data collec- method where studies observe and inter-
tion , and data sources to get a more act with study’s participants in their real
complete picture of the under study to life
cross-check information” B. Ethnographic research focuses on an
A. Field notes, data, participant. individual decision maker within an actual
real-world situation.
B. Observation, methods, man.
C. Ethnography research is a systematic
C. Triangulation, strategies, group.
methodology that has been largely, but
D. Triangulation, steps, people. not exclusive.

D. none of above D. Study people and places with a respect

toward causing them harm, no preserving
7. Choose one challenges of Ethnography re- their dignity, and no ensuring privacy

search
A. People are best studied in their natural 11. One disadvantage of ethnographic re-
environment and ethnography provides a search is:
better comprehensive perspective of the
A. Helps identify and analyse unexpected
user and their environment than other
issues.
forms of research.
B. Ethnographic research only examine B. Access to a wider and more accurate
one culture, setting or organization, be- data scope
cause is not easily generalizable to other C. Subjects may not act naturally during
contexts. a short study
C. You can build a detailed record of their D. none of above
behaviors and beliefs over time.
D. none of above 12. Which of the following best describes qual-
itative research?
8. Select the correct option that corresponds
to the following statement:“ How people A. Qualitative uses numbers and statis-
use the Internet, and what it means to tics as data
them as an important subculture, or as a B. Qualitative research uses short ques-
sometimes useful addition to their every- tionnaires to gather a lot of data quickly.
day life in terms of being just a cultural
artefact.”
C. Qualitative studies tell a detailed story
A. Cognitive ethnography about a theory or phenomenon.
B. Virtual ethnography
D. Qualitative research is focused on an-
C. Auto-ethnography swering the question ‘when’?
D. Performance ethnography
13. During fieldwork in ethnography, the fol-
9. which of the following is not key charac- lowing data is not applicable
teristics of ethnography?
A. negotiation data
A. control group
B. etic data
B. cultural sharing group
C. researcher reflexivity C. emic data
D. fieldwork D. ethic data
10. Choose the correct goal of ethnographers: 14. What is the purpose of ethnographic re-
A. Study people and places with a respect search?
toward causing them no harm, preserving A. Describe, analyze and interpret
their dignity, and ensuring privacy
B. Describe, criticize and reflect
B. Potential Ethical Issues in Ethno-
graphic Research C. Interpret, reflect, observe
C. When doing fieldwork D. none of above

15. which of the following is one of the major A. The goal of ethnographic research is
challenge of performing good ethnographic to describe, analyze, and interpret the cul-
research? ture of a group, over time, in terms of the
A. finding people to study using this group’s shared beliefs, behaviors, and lan-
method guage.
B. getting paid to study a culture for a B. Ethnography reasearch aims to ex-

whole year plore and conceptualize human experi-
ence as it is represented in textual form.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. none of these answers are correct
D. obtaining the level of understanding C. The goal is to collaboratively explore a
and awareness about the people phenomenon of interest with an individual
16. How we can develop Ethnographic re- in an effort to understand how individuals’
search? past experiences impact the present and,
potentially, the future.
A. When the study of a group provides un-
derstanding of a larger issue D. none of above
B. Ethnographic tends to be expensive 20. Complete the text about ‘ETHICAL IS-
since it take time and money for planning SUES IN CONDUCTING ETHNOGRAPHIC
and access. The research site can be at a RESEARCH’:These challenges of in-
long distance. volve how to get access to the and
C. Anthropologists have identified tech- sites being studied, how long to stay in the
niques for focusing on a cultural group, , whether to tape natural talk or talk
conducting observations, analyzing data, that we collect through , and how to
and writing up the research. interact with participants
D. none of above A. fieldwork-negotiating-humanity-land-

interviews-disrespectful
17. The word ethnography came from B. hardwork-negotiating-humanity-land-
word interviews-disrespectful
A. Greek C. fieldwork-negotiating-people-field-
B. latin interviews-respectfully
C. spainsh D. hardwork-negotiating-people-field-
D. sanskrit interviews-respectfully
18. This is one of the key characteristics of 21. Which is the first step in the ethnographic
ethnographic research, its carried out in a research?
setting, not in a A. Be clear about the purpose of the re-
A. Natural, laboratory search.
B. Closed, laboratory B. Decide on the site and the sample for

the study
C. Laboratory, environment.
C. Begin data collection
D. none of above
D. Analyze and interpret the data and
19. Which is the goal of the Ethnography rewrite an ethnographic account of your ex-
search? perience

22. Select the option that complete correctly C. Analyze and Interpret Data within a
the type of ethnographyThe draws Design
upon their , stories and self-narratives

D. none of above
to examine and connect with the con-
text. 27. How is the person conducting ethnographic
A. Auto-ethnography-experiences-social research commonly known?
A. Researcher of the investigation
B. Duo-ethnography-experiences-
individual B. Instrument of the investigation
C. Ethnodrama-experience-social C. Creator of the investigation
D. Auto-ethnography-adventures-social D. none of above
23. Which of the following questions is NOT 28. Benefits of Ethnography includes:
being answered by ethnographic studies? A. ethnography immerse the project
A. Why? team in participants lives and enables a
relationship
B. What?
B. provides a rich source of visual data
C. How?
and helps to reveal unarticulated needs
D. When? C. ethnography captures behaviour in the
24. What are the 3 most common types of different contexts of everyday life
ethnographic research that are used? D. all of the above
A. Case study, Feminist and Critical 29. Ethnography means
B. Realistic, Life history and Microethnog- A. experimenting something
raphy
B. writing about culture
C. Realistic, Critical and Case study
C. providing feedback
D. none of above
D. none of above
25. Select the option that corresponds to the
30. Cultural themes.2. Passive observation.3.
following statement:“Most episodes you
Fieldwork.4. Researcher reflexivity.5.
observe are likely to be ambiguous in
Triangulation.
meaning. You must learn patience”.
A. 1, 3, 4
A. Reciprocity
B. 1, 3, 5
B. Personal Determination.
C. 2, 4, 5
C. Letting go of control
D. 3, 4, 5
D. Tolerance for ambiguity.
31. What types of participants are there in an
26. What is the step 1 in Ethnography research
ethnographic research?
process?
A. Methodical observer
A. Identify Intent and the Type of Design
and Relate Intent to Your Research Prob- B. Objective observer
lem C. Active participant, observer and pas-
B. Write the Report Consistent with Your sive observer
Design D. none of above

2.16 Documentary and content analysis 130
32. all of these are forms of ethnography ex- B. sociocultural ethnography

cept C. ethnographic case study
A. realistic ethnography D. critical ethnography
2.16 Documentary and content analysis

1. The Conceptual Analysis focuses on C. 10
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. relations D. 11
B. categories
6. Identify the 3 domains of blooms taxon-
C. frequency and presence omy
D. the meaning A. cognitive
2. The purpose of a coding manual is to B. psychomotor
A. Provide researchers with instructions C. affective
about how to code the data
D. all of the above
B. List all the categories that have been
omitted from the schedule 7. A content is broken down into steps
C. Test researcher’s knowledge of statis- A. elements-content-topic-subtopic
tics
B. topic-subtopic-element
D. Provide a form onto which the data can
be entered C. topic-element-subtopic
3. This is rarely done in a content analysis but D. none of the above

it can be applied.
8. Developing a conceptual link to explain
A. Analyzing Data how the data is related to the objectives.
B. Checking Statistics A. Specify the Unit of Analyis
C. Checking reliability and validity B. Define Terms
D. Locating relevant data
C. Develop a Plan
4. The first step of content analysis is D. Develop a Rationale
A. Develop rational
9. Which of the following is not an advantage
B. Define important terms of content analysis?
C. Determine unit of analysis
A. It allows us to observe otherwise inac-
D. Determine method of sampling cessible population at first hand
5. In the Guided Composition, We should pro- B. It is a transparent and easily replica-
vide the student with at maximum ble technique
helping words. C. It allows us to track changes in media
A. 8 representations over time
B. 9 D. It is a non-reactive method

10. We should use at least items in testing C. lecture

Grammar. D. objectives

A. 13
16. Which of the following would be an advan-
B. 14 tage of content analysis?
C. 15 A. it is unobtrusive
D. 16 B. It is easy to establish valididty
11. We should use at least types of ques- C. It is always reliable
tions in testing Grammar. D. It is rational
A. 2
17. The spelling in Writing Composition is for
B. 3
marks.
C. 4
A. 3
D. 5
B. 2
12. Bloom divided the main domains into C. 4
domains.
D. 1
A. 1
18. Our exam must vary to cover
B. 2
A. 5 out of 8 unites
C. 3
B. 6 out of 8 units
D. 4
C. 8 out of 8 unites
13. Which of the following is not a sample
D. 7 out of 8 unites
that would be used in developing a sam-
ple plan. 19. The Writing Composition topic must be
A. Formulation Sampling A. unseen
B. Stratified Sampling B. seen
C. Cluster Sampling C. unrelated
D. Random Sampling D. irrelevant
14. The objective level involves our students 20. The Content Analysis is
using his knowledge in new situations is
A. an objective
A. understand B. a research tool
B. analyze C. optional
C. apply D. useless
D. evaluate 21. The Grammar question is for marks.
15. The Blooms Domain is used commonly A. 6

when making? B. 7
A. test questions C. 8
B. topic/title D. 9

22. The multiple choice question must have at 28. There are types of Content Analysis.
least alternatives. A. 2
A. 3 B. 3
B. 4 C. 4
C. 5 D. 5
D. 6
29. In content analysis its constituents are ar-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
23. Cognitive Domain means ranged in
A. skills A. haphazardly manner

B. logical manner
B. knowledge
C. down word manner
C. behavior
D. upward manner
D. character
30. The highest objective level is
24. affective domain means
A. create
A. skills
B. evaluate
B. knowledge
C. apply
C. behavior
D. understand
D. character
31. The Cognitive domain consists of lev-
25. The lowest level is els.
A. understand A. 3
B. remember B. 4
C. analyze C. 5
D. apply D. 6
26. Psychomotor domain means 32. The level involves recalling or memorizing
is
A. skills
A. apply
B. knowledge
B. understand
C. behavior C. remember
D. character D. evaluate
27. The Reading Comprehension Question 33. When you determine objectives it may be
mustbe at least types. important to
A. 7 A. Formulate Themes
B. 8 B. Develop a Rationale
C. 9 C. Specify Unit of Analysis
D. 10 D. Locate relevant data

2.17 Narrative Research 133
34. A technique that enables researchers to B. It is a good way of finding out about
study human behavior in an indirect way the journalist’s favorite words
through an analysis of their communica-

C. Emotive words can be used exces-
tions. sively to provoke a moral panic
A. Validity D. It shows which words are most com-
B. Content Analysis mon in the English language
C. Analysis of Content 37. In Free Composition Question, we should

provide the student with the titles of
D. Reliability
topics.
35. The objective level involves making judg- A. 1
ments is B. 2
A. create C. 3
B. evaluate D. 4
C. apply
38. The comprehension of an element can be
D. remember evaluated by a
A. statement
36. Why might a researcher want to count the
frequency of certain words in a text B. question
A. It increases the reliability of the cod- C. behavior

ing measures D. all of the above
2.17 Narrative Research

1. What is NOT a disadvantage of narrative D. Increased emphasis on student self
inquiry? regulation
A. Cannot be generalized 3. Which of the following is true about Nar-
B. Data can be faked rative Research?
C. Lacks Detail A. a Qualitative Method

B. a way to better understand the per-
D. Cannot be quantified
sonal experiences and perspectives of re-
2. Which of the following is a trend that has spondents
influenced the development of narrative C. focuses on the stories of respondents
research? on their lives, experiences, and the world
A. Increased emphasis on teacher ac-
countability D. All of the above
B. Increased emphasis on student learn- 4. How did narrative research develop?
ing
A. To examine what draws nursing to this
C. Increased emphasis on teacher reflec- method and why nurses think they may be
tion good at it

2.17 Narrative Research 134
B. is the study of social interaction and 9. This is not the key characteristic of narra-
culture tive research.
C. 1990 Clandinin and Connelly first A. Focus on the experiences of individu-
overview of narrative research in educa- als
tion
B. Concerned with the chronology of an
D. Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss col- individual’s experiences
laboration in research on dying hospital
C. One that relates to an empirical in-
patients led them to write Awareness of
NARAYAN CHANGDER
stance or substantive topic area
Dying in 1965
D. Focus on the construction of life sto-
5. What kind of research is a narrative re- ries based on data collected through ac-
search? tive interviews
A. Quantitative
10. Which of the following related topics is
B. Exploratory most conductive to narrative research?
C. Qualitative
A. The gain score of SATs after prepara-
D. Explanatory tion classes
6. What is narrative analysis? B. The experiences of an average achiev-
ing student prepping for SAT
A. A literary approach to documents
C. The differences in SAT gain scores
B. An approach that is sensitive to ques-
between preparation classes participants
tions that concern how people choose
and non participants
to sequence and represent people and
events D. The effect of two type of preparation
classes on student SAT score
C. A form of thematic analysis
D. A method of improving the quality of in- 11. What is NOT an advantage of narrative in-
terview material quiry?
7. Which of the following is not a type of nar- A. Collaboration

rative research? B. Deeper understanding
A. Autobiographies C. Requires less efforts
B. Lived experience D. Ideal for large groups
C. Biographies
12. What do advocates of narrative analysis
D. Life Stories and Histories
prefer to study?
8. Which of the following is a discipline that A. The extent to which analytic induction
you think might have a history with narra- can be value-free
tive research?
B. The iterative process of grounded
A. Biology
C. The ethical implications of conducting
B. Geography a secondary analysis of qualitative data
C. Geology D. The ways in which people use stories
D. Sociology to make sense of events in their lives

2.18 Practical research 135
13. Past, present, and future experiences (Ma- 14. What is a narrative?
jor Characteristics in Narrative Inquiry)
A. A story
A. Restorying

B. A poetry
B. Life stories
C. Collaboration C. A research project
D. Chronology of experiences D. A bibliography
2.18 Practical research

1. A sampling technique in which samples 5. Whic of the following best describes the
are obtained using some objective chance purpose of conducting a qualitative re-
mechanism, randomization. search?
A. Probability sampling A. To explore the meaning of people’s ex-
periences, culture, etc.
B. Non-Probability sampling
B. To examine relationships of variables.
C. Random sampling
D. Stratified sampling
C. To test hypotheses of the study.
2. What is the arrangement of the words in D. To prove a particular theory
the Definition of terms as they are writ-
ten? 6. Identify the field of study being describe
in the statement:Quantitative research can
A. Alphabetically assess the type of method teachers used in
B. Chronologically Math.
C. Logically A. Education
D. Sequential B. Business
C. Science & Terchnology
3. Factors that may influence the outcome
(dependent variable) which are not manip- D. Medical & Health
ulated or pre-defined by the researcher. 7. This involves narrative data and seeks to
A. MODERATOR VARIABLES explore subjective meaning of experiences
of a person, a group of people or a social
B. DEPENDENT VARIABLES
unit.
C. CONFOUNDING VARIABLES
A. basic research
D. EXTRANEUOS VARIABLES B. pure research
4. Which of the following is a weakness of C. quantitative research
qualitative research? D. qualitative research
A. Builds on theories
8. What part of the Chapter 1 presents the
B. Gives exhaustive results importance and benefits of the study?
C. Best answers to certain phenomena A. Conceptual Framework
D. Total immersion in the natural setting B. Definition of Terms

C. Scope and Limitation B. One child, one teacher, one book, one
D. Significance of the Study pen can change the world
C. Children don’t remember what you try
9. A style of writing a citation wherein the
to teach them but they remember you on
author’s name appear within the sentence
what you are
and uses verb after the year.
A. Acknowledgement D. It shows in the record that 60% of the
students from private schools transferred
B. Integral
NARAYAN CHANGDER
to public schools for this year.
C. References
14. Are used to describe characteristics of a
D. Non Integral
population, group, or sample of the popu-
10. Which describes all the steps in conducting lation.
the research? A. DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES
A. Design
B. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
B. Procedure
C. DEPENDENT VARIABLES
C. Instruments
D. ORDINAL VARIABLES
D. Methods
11. A statement that describes what is to be 15. An experience researcher should impart
tested during the entire research process knowledge to his or her students.
A. Statement of Questions A. Responsible publication
B. Statement of Research B. Non-discrimination
C. Problem C. Respect for colleagues
D. Statement of the Problem D. Social responsibilty
12. In writing the research topic there are ob-
16. Each group of the Practical Research class
jectives that serve as guide for the re-
of Ms. Puno was tasked to write the ref-
searcher. What is the acronym of that ob-
erence part. What are they going to do?
jectives?
A. HOMES A. list down only books they used
B. IRSME B. list down all sources of knowledge

used
C. SMART
D. SIGBLA C. list down all known authors used
D. list down terms used
13. There are two ways in writing an intro-
ductory statement of Introduction, first 17. Which is not a type of research?
is through Quotation and the second is
through Factual Information. What is the A. Qualitative
best example of introductory statement B. Quantitative
following the factual information?
C. Quasi Experimental
A. In learning you will teach and in teach-
ing you will learn D. Article

18. Which of the following is the correct APA B. Close-Ended Questions

format? C. Dichotomous Questions

A. Zadie Smith, Swing Time (New D. none of the mentioned
York:Penguin Press, 2016), 315-16.
B. Dickens, Charles. Great Expectations. 23. How can Alliza be a participant observer?
New York:Dodd, Mead, 1942. Print. A. she needs to go to the site and observe
C. Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). the subject
APA guide to preparing manuscripts B. she needs to look from afar
for journal publication. Washington, C. she needs to observe
DC:American Psychological Association.
D. she needs to participate on the activi-
D. none of above ties of the subject
19. Aside from generating knowledge, re- 24. It is used to analyze and interpret verbal
search seeks to use findings to address a data or behavioural data. What is this?
particular problem.
A. Narrative Analysis
A. applicant
B. Discourse Analysis
B. applied
C. Grounded Theory
C. aplied
D. Content Analysis
D. pure
25. If the style in citation is Integral, what
20. -The conduct of study should not pose any should be enclosed in the parenthesis?
danger, embarrassment, hurt or any risk
A. Name of the Researcher ( Lina Santos)
to research respondents/participants or
anyone.
B. Name and year (Santos, 2020)
A. Clear
C. Year and place ( 2020, Manila)
B. Relevant
D. Year the the, paragraph or is stated (
C. Feasible
2020)
D. Ethical
26. Came from the word “vary, “ are el-
21. Research is derived from the old French ements, entities, or factors that can
word change.
A. Sercher A. OPTIONS
B. Cercher B. CHOICES
C. Cerchier C. VARIABLES
D. Serchier D. SUB UNIT
22. This is when the researcher gives the re- 27. If Conceptual Review is an analysis of con-
spondents the ability to respond in their cepts or ideas; then what type of review
own words. What type of degree of focuses on theories or hypothesis and ex-
structure of questions in a questionnaire amines meaning and results of their appli-
is this? cation on the situation
A. Open-Ended Questions A. critical review

B. expert review B. Quasi-Experimental

C. state of the art review C. Experimental
D. scoping review D. Descriptive
28. This contains copies of table, question- 33. It defines the geographic boundaries and
naires, interview rates, observation check- certain demographic characteristics of the
list, and other materials that are indispens- study.
able or necessary in completing your re- A. Setting of the Problem
NARAYAN CHANGDER
search study. B. Literature Review
A. appendix C. Objective of the Study
B. recommendation D. Research’s Purpose
C. findings 34. The researchers are writing the Acknowl-
D. reference edgement as part of the research . This
portion is found at the Prelim part of the
29. After completing the whole research, it is research. What should be stated in the Ac-
time that you present and inform the result knowledgement?
of your study. What phase on research
A. Including all the Awards of the Per-
process is it?
sons who is part of the paper
A. Analytical Phase
B. Appreciating the contribution of the
B. Conceptual Phase persons to the accomplishment of the pa-
C. Dissemination Phase per
D. Empirical Phase C. Informing the persons on the best part
of your paper
30. What research method is used by re- D. Introduce all the panels who have part
searchers who study single individuals in in your work
depth, in order to uncover general princi-
ples of thinking and behavior? 35. Which approach to research uses qualita-
tive data, that deals on how people be-
A. experimentation
have in the surroundings?
B. correlational study A. naturalistic
C. naturalistic observation B. positive
D. case study C. scientific
31. This variable has no intrinsic order D. triangulation
A. DICHOTOMOUS VARIABLE 36. To collect data about online classrooms,
B. NOMINAL VARIABLE Sisa facilitated a discussion on the topic
among seven high school students. What
C. ORDINAL VARIABLE qualitative research method did Sisa use?
D. INTERVAL VARIABLE A. In-depth interviewing
32. To infer the causes of a phenomenon which B. Focus group interviewing
has already occured C. Small group discussion
A. Ex Post Facto D. Participant group interviewing

37. It refers to the fundamental components C. Chapter 3

of research such as the research prob- D. Chapter 4
lems, purpose, specific questions to be ad-

dressed and the conceptual framework to 42. Which is the name of the genre of books
be applied. we use for information and facts?
A. The Research Paradigm A. Fiction
B. Research Foundations B. Nonfiction
C. Review of Related Literature C. Novels
D. The Problem and Its Background D. none of above
38. A characteristic of research which uses
43. All the data to be reported should include
facts and data obtained through investiga-
all facts and accuracy
tion
A. Honesty
A. Logical
B. Objectivity
B. Cyclical
C. Competence
C. Honest
D. Empirical D. Care
39. Which of the following types of research 44. Which source would most likely provide
has the goal to make people understand bias-free information on Germany’s role in
their experience about the death of their World War II?
loved ones? A. a World War II veteran
A. case study B. a student Web site on the war
B. ethnography C. a German propaganda film
C. historical D. a statistical report on the war
D. phenomenology
45. An intensive investigation of one or more
40. -Norms of conduct that distinguish be- participants is a
tween acceptable and unacceptable behav- A. case study
ior.
B. Naturalistic observation
A. Ethiks
C. survey
B. Etics
D. experiment
C. Ethos
D. Ethics 46. A study of a certain cultural group with
their organizational set-up, internal oper-
41. A chapter in the research or thesis that ations, culture and lifestyle.
contains the Synthesis which tells the im-
A. Ethnography
portance of the concepts and research that
were gathered . What chapter is it? B. Phenomenology
A. Chapter 1 C. Content Analysis
B. Chapter 2 D. Discourse Analysis

47. Quantitative research is intended for what B. primary sources

practical research curriculum?
C. secondary sources
A. Practical Research 1
D. source materials
B. Practical Research 2
C. Practical Research 3 53. The researcher passed her colloquium and
she is about to start gathering the needed
D. Inquiries and Investigation
information and data through question-
naire. What phase of research process in-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
48. Is the acquisition of new knowledge and
seeks to find answers to the problems. volves the data gathering?
A. Quantitative Research A. Analytical Phase
B. Qualitative Research B. Conceptual Phase
C. Descriptive C. Empirical Phase
D. Research
D. Dissemination Phase
49. Whatever agreed upon by the participants
must be actualized. 54. When a paper is already submitted to
a publication, no submission to another
A. Integrity should be done.
B. Legality
A. Objectivity
C. Social responsibilty
B. legality
D. responsible publication
C. care
50. It should be specific, clear and unambigu-
ous. D. Responsible publication
A. Relevant 55. Proximal development stressed the

B. Feasible essence of provocation and scaffolding in
learning. Who develop this theory?
C. Clear
D. Ethical A. Bloom
B. Bruner
51. The provides information that is vital
to understand the main body of the re- C. Dewey
search.
D. Vygotsky
A. Background of the study
B. Statement of the problem 56. As a researcher, what characteristics did
you exhibit if you review your work care-
C. Purpose of the study
fully and critically to ensure that the re-
D. Overview of the study sults are credible.
52. As a researcher, you need references that A. Carefulness
are the sources of your literature. What B. Critical
type of literature sources reports or de-
scribes other people’s experience C. Credible
A. general sources D. Objectivity

57. It is the quality of research which tells that 62. On this part of the research it shows the
sonething is based on direct experience or boundaries of the study like geographic lo-
observation by the researcher. cation, population, time, and variables to

be discussed. Which of the following is an
A. Empirical
example of time in the study?
B. Methodical A. 6:00 am
C. Critical B. academic year 2020-2021
D. Analytical C. Beyond Sunday
D. Between 2:00 to 3:00 o’clock of the day
58. Kian, a researcher, asks the initial sub-
ject to identify another potential subject 63. Theresa gave the survey questionnaire
who also meets the criteria of the research. to the participants to find out the av-
This is done in which Sampling technique? erage and schooling level of a certain
A. Judgemental Sampling level. What type of quantitative research
is Theresa conducting?
B. Convenience Sampling
A. Case Study
C. Quota Sampling B. Descriptive Research
D. Snowball Sampling C. Historical Research
59. What is the thing that you use in gathering D. Experimental Research
data? 64. The Online Games Addiction of Grade 10
A. Review of Related Literature Students of Lanton High School. The un-
derlined word is an example of?
B. Conclusion
A. SOP
C. Instrument
B. Locale
D. SOP C. Research Method
60. One of the two types of codes in qualita- D. Respondents
tive research that has been identified prior
65. All but one is NOT the right of research
to the analysis. What is this?
participants.
A. emergent A. Voluntary participation
B. preset B. Risk of harm
C. code C. Informed consent
D. coding D. Principal investigators
66. Which part of the research paper deals
61. The following are found in writing method-
with identifying who will benefit from the
ology EXCEPT:
research?
A. Problem
A. Assumption of the Study
B. Participants B. Scope and Delimitation
C. Instruments C. Significance of the Study
D. Research Design and Procedure D. Background of the Study

67. Characteristic of research which states C. variable

that the choice of variable, research design
D. varaible
statement of the problem, instruments,
and participants must be explained thor-
72. Dr. Galicia, Dr. Valles and Engr Longa-
oughly in the research paper.
long are invited to be the member of the
A. Systematic panel to review your written paper and
B. feasible to asked questions on you about the your
paper. What particular review does the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. clear
panel will apply?
D. empirical
A. Conceptual Review
68. Researchers wishing to study categorical
B. Expert Review
variables would use which research de-
sign? C. State of the Art Review
A. Narrative D. Scoping Review
B. Phenomenological
73. It is the starting point of every successful
C. Qualitative
research project and it is the subject or is-
D. Quantitative sue that a researcher is interested in when
conducting research. What is it?
69. In general when selecting FACTORS for a
study, as a researcher you want to be sure A. Research Problem
of which of the following?
B. Research Question
A. They have been investigated before
C. Research Statement
B. The needed materials are available to
investigate D. Research Topic
C. They are not of your interest
74. Which of the following is NOT a method of
D. The teacher gave the topic to be con- Data Collection?
ducted
A. Sampling
70. What research strategy is used by a com-
pany who sends a satisfaction question- B. Interviews
naire to its current customers at the end C. Observations
of the year.
D. Questionnaires
A. observation
B. content analysis 75. Is the set of methods and procedures used
C. survey in collecting and analyzing measures of
the variables specified in the problem re-
D. experiment search.
71. A research simply refers to a person, A. research design
location, item, or phenomenon that you
are attempting to measure in some way. B. research plan
A. result C. conceptual framework

B. variant D. research

76. Which research design manipulates condi- C. Politicians

tions/variables and studies its effects? D. Real life experiences

A. Correlational
81. What do you call the study of the struc-
B. Descriptive tures of experience and consciousness
C. Exploratory from 1st person point of view?
D. Experimental A. Phenomenology
B. Ethnography
77. This portion of the research shows the con-
tributions of the study either to a body C. Case Study
of scientific knowledge, to practitioners D. Narrative
in the area of the research or any other
82. Which from the main methods for collect-
groups which will benefit to the results of
ing qualitative data may take place in nat-
the study. What part of Chapter 1 is it?
ural setting and involve the researcher tak-
A. Definition of Terms ing lengthy and descriptive notes of what
B. Significance of the Study is happening?
C. Table of Contents A. interview
D. Acknowledgement B. focus group
C. observation
78. A qualitative research design seeking to
describe and analyze all or part of the cul- D. research
ture of a community is known as a(n) 83. This determines the coverage of the study.
A. historical study What is this?
B. action research A. Assumption of the Study
C. ethnographic study B. Scope and Delimitation
D. grounded theory C. Significance of the Study
D. Background of the Study
79. Which of the following hypotheses shows
the Null hypothesis of similarities among 84. What data do quantitative methods use to
the variables? primarily collect?
A. No relationship between the variables A. Descriptive
under study B. Visual
B. A positive relationship between the in- C. Numerical
dependent and dependent variables D. Narrative
C. A negative relationship between de-
85. Which kind of research is the collection
pendent and independent variables
and analysis of numerical data in order
D. A difference between the variables un- to explain, predict and or control a phe-
der study nomenon?
80. Which of the following is a good source of A. Quantitative
research problems? B. Qualitative
A. Friends C. Narrative
B. Family members D. Ethnographic

86. The researchers should accept all com- 91. Having a well-developed design will en-
ments and considerations. able the researcher to achieve the follow-
ing, EXCEPT:
A. Openness
A. Review and synthesize previous stud-
B. Respect for intellectual property
ies ad literature related to the topic.
C. non-discrimination B. Describe the methods of analysis that
D. Responsible mentoring will be used on the data gathered.
C. Clearly identify hypothesis that are sig-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
87. What is the other term for Judgemental nificant to the problem.
Sampling?
D. Promote cost-effectiveness through
A. Snowball Sampling documentation.
B. Random Sampling 92. Which of the following is the best syn-
C. Purposive Sampling onym for validity?
D. Availability Sampling A. Consistency
B. Feasibility
88. What is the focus of a phenomenological
C. Truthfulness
study?
D. Economy
A. People who have experienced a phe-
nomenon 93. What research strategy is used by a lin-
guist studies the content of different Web
B. Individual experience & sequence
sites and rates their level of English.
C. Context A. observation
D. Develop a theory from grounded in B. experiment
field data
C. content analysis
89. Establishes moral integrity of the re- D. survey
searches which is crucial as it ensures that
the research findings are valid and trust- 94. Which of the following is an example of
worthy. categorical data?
A. High School Graduate or Not
A. Research Ethics
B. Annual Income
B. Research Conduct
C. Years of Schooling Completed
C. Research Norms
D. Years of playing an instrument
D. Research Morality
95. What is not an importance of quantitative
90. What is the title of Chapter 1 in research research
paper? A. Problemsare all over in different areas
A. The Problem and Its Background of life
B. Problemsneed solution through re-
B. Review of Related Literature
search
C. Methodology
C. Toaffect lives, change thing, laws,
D. Conclusions and Recommendations rules and regulation.

D. Not quantitativebased on proof. 101. The ones involved in the research is/are
96. In a study, what is a relatively small group A. Respondent only

out of the total population called? B. Researcher only
A. case study C. Researcher and respondent
B. control group D. none of above
C. sample 102. What is meant by the term “grounded
D. survey theory”?
A. Theories should be tested by rigorous
97. A systematic investigation which involves
scientific experiments
collecting, analyzing, and interpreting in-
formation in a sequential manner in order B. Theoretical ideas and concepts should
to increase our understanding of the phe- emerge from the data
nomenon of interest is also known as C. As a social researcher, it is important
A. Statistics to keep your feet on the ground
B. Analysis D. Theories should be grounded in politi-
cal values and biases
C. Research
D. Methodology 103. Conclusions in qualitative research are
based on patterns and themes. What are
98. Which measures relationship between two patterns and themes?
variables A. words and phrases that collectively de-
A. T-test scribe experience of participant
B. Pearson’s R B. words and pictures that collectively de-
C. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) scribe experience of participant
D. Multiple Regression C. words and observations that collec-

tively describe experience of participant
99. One important goal in conducting research D. words that collectively describe expe-
is to rience of participant
A. Advance the personal and profes-
104. What subject area is related with quanti-
sional qualification of practitioner
tative research?
B. Produce evidence based practice
A. Psychology
C. Focus direction of the research
B. English
D. Describe characteristics of a popula-
C. Mathematics
tion
D. Statistics
100. Adequate technical expertise skills,
equipment, experience 105. A researcher wants to test a specific hy-
pothesis and applies random assignment
A. Feasible for the study. Which quantitative research
B. Clear method should be used for this study?
C. Ethical A. experimental
D. Relevant B. correlational

C. causal-comparitive 110. Identify the field of study being describe

in the statement:It can lead to be more re-
D. grounded theory
sponsible and accountable operation of the
106. What would be the best research ques- different components of technology.
tion to further develop the discussion of A. Medical & Health
Fahrenheit 451, a novel, by Ray Brad- B. Business
bury?
C. Education
A. What specific events inspired Brad-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Science & Technology
bury to write Fahrenheit 451?
111. Look at the example:“Your principal
B. Who starred in the 1960s movie ver-
demonstrates praiseworthy behavior.
sion of Fahrenheit 451?
5-Strongly agree 4-Agree 3-
C. Why was Bradbury working in a uni- Uncertain 2-Disagree 1-Strongly
versity basement on a rented typewriter disagree.” is an example of an what?
when he wrote Fahrenheit 451? A. rank order question
D. Have any famous musicians written B. rating question
songs about Fahrenheit 451?
C. checklist
107. An ethical principle which means avoiding D. multiple question
bias
112. Which describes all the steps in conduct-
A. Subjectivity ing the research study?
B. Morality A. Design
C. Objectivity B. Procedure
C. Instruments
D. Honesty
D. Methods
108. Asking participants to recommend others
113. Lottery is a way for this sampling
to take part in the research.
method to be done. What is this?
A. Systematic sampling
A. Stratified Random Sampling
B. Snowball sampling B. Simple Random Sampling
C. Stratified sampling C. Systematic Random Sampling
D. Random sampling D. Cluster Random Sampling
109. Which of the following deviates the pur- 114. The factor which is measured, manipu-
pose of a research? lated, or selected by the experimenter to
discover whether it modifies the relation-
A. To learn how to work dependently. ship of the independent variable to an ob-
B. To have in-depth knowledge on some- served phenomenon.
thing. A. CONFOUNDING VARIABLE
C. To develop the HOTS. B. MODERATOR VARIABLE
D. To be familiar about the techniques of C. ORDINAL VARIABLE
gathering information. D. DICHOTOMOUS VARIABLE

115. There are guidelines in choosing a re- 119. It establishes the scope, context and sig-
search topic. Which of the following is is nificance of the research to be conducted.
considered irrelevant? This also states the purpose why the study

A. availability of the researchers will be conducted.
B. limitations on the subject A. Introduction

C. personal resources B. Review of Related Literature
D. Interest in the subject C. Methodology
116. What is the key difference between D. Results and Recommendations
a quasi-experiment and a “true experi-
ment?” 120. Which part of the research paper deter-
mines the coverage of the study and all the
A. Quasi experiments do not have con-
things that will not be covered in order to
trolled variables.
be specific?
B. Quasi experiments take place in nat-
uralistic environments; true experiments A. Assumption of the Study
take place in laboratories B. Scope and Delimitation
C. In a quasi experiment, participants C. Significance of the Study
have a trait that determines which condi-
tion they are in; in a true experiment, they D. Background of the Study
are randomly allocated.
121. Research is if it exhibits careful and
D. Quasi experiments are cross- precise judgment.
sectional; true experiments are longitu-
dinal (take place over a long period of A. Empirical
time). B. Replicability
117. The researcher should select the respon- C. Critical
dents because he is about to gather data
through questionnaire. What sampling D. Methodical
method will he use if each member of the
population has an equal chance of being 122. variables are those that are influ-
drawn to be included in the sample? enced by the independent variables.
A. Independence A. Independent
B. Equiprobability B. Dependent
C. Fish Bowl C. Sample
D. Draw lots D. Extraneous
118. A characteristic of research which follows
123. The sources you used on your research.
orderly and sequential method
A. Sources
A. Logical
B. Empirical B. References
C. Systematic C. Literature
D. Analytic D. Results

124. Studying a particular business’ strategy 129. The first step in selecting a sample should
is an example of which Qualitative Re- be to:
search Design? A. define the population
A. Phenomenology B. decide how to stratify the population
B. Grounded Theory C. compile a list of the population
C. Case Study D. determine how to randomize
D. Narrative
NARAYAN CHANGDER
130. This is the part wherein you as the re-
125. If the title of the study is “ Evaluation of searcher writes the expected outcome of
Modular Learning Approach of Elementary the research. What is this?
Students of Sto. Nino De Praga Academy A. Assumption of the Study
for Academic Year 2020-2021”. Who are
the possible respondents of the study? B. Scope and Delimitation
A. parents, school, students C. Significance of the Study
B. community, students, teachers D. Background of the Study
C. students, parents, teachers 131. The person’s treatment and environmen-
D. elementary pupils, staff tal factor to the dog’s behavior (Outcome)
What is the best word to use to show the
126. The researcher should be fully equipped relationship among variables which is the
with research skills when conducting the result of a particular action?
study. A. differences
A. Confidentiality B. effect
B. Competence C. impact
C. Legality D. relationship
D. Openness
132. The listing of the accessible population
127. In writing Chapters 1 to 3, what should from which you’ll draw your sample is
be the tenses of the verbs to be used if called what?
Not yet done with gathering of data? A. sample frame
A. Future Tense B. sampling frame
B. Past tense C. population frame
C. Present Tense D. frame
D. Part Perfect Tense
133. Which of the following is NOT a gen-
128. The first step in a research process is re- eral feature that characterizes most quali-
ferred to as tative research?
A. Writing statement of the problem A. Holistic perspective
B. Making an outline B. Naturalistic inquiry
C. Defining your topic C. Personal contact and insight
D. Revising the paper D. Inflexible design

134. These variables can be ordered or ranked 139. Sometimes called an outcome variable
A. INTERVAL VARIABLE A. RATIO

B. ORDINAL VARIABLE B. DEPENDENT VARIABLE
C. DICHOTOMOUS VARIABLE C. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
D. INDEPENDENT D. INTERVAL VARIABLE
135. How should a name of the author appear 140. Sammy is taking Practical Research. She
on your citation? makes sure that she is able to define each
A. first name first term she thinks needed emphasis on their
paper. What part of the research paper is
B. second name first she trying to accomplish?
C. first name only
A. Scope and Delimitation
D. surname only
B. Assumptions of the Study
136. With the new set up in learning that in- C. Definition of Terms
stead of learning in school you are learning
D. Review of related Literature
at home, what is the best source of your
concepts and ideas if you are writing your
141. It is NOT a characteristic of a good re-
research?
search background.
A. books from the library
A. It is concise.
B. previous research work by the former
B. It is persuasive.
students
C. It is clearly written.
C. online references
D. It is written in English.
D. latest magazines from the bookstore
137. The finished product of Grounded Theory 142. What does a single reality mean in quan-
is called what? titative research?
A. research A. Alternate realities occur but the one

we know is the one we are living in
B. theory
B. Facts and feelings create different re-
C. GT alities for each person
D. Grounded Theory C. The world is made up of facts that can
be discovered thru research
138. The research design which looks into a
large group of people composed of individ- D. None of the above
uals with varied characteristics is referred
to as 143. What initiates the process of research?
A. Descriptive design A. Problem
B. Cross-sectional design B. Significance of the study
C. Exploratory design C. Purpose
D. Cohort design D. Hypothesis

144. What is Research Misconduct? 149. Which of the following must be accom-
plished first when conducting a research
A. Fabrication
study?
B. Falsification
A. Analyze narrative data for underlying
C. Plagiarism themes
D. All of The Above B. Negotiate entry into the research site
C. Collect data
145. Contribute to knowledge and develop-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ment, problem should be worth investigat- D. Interpret the data analysis
ing and worth the time, money and effort
150. A theory
to be spent on it.
A. includes inconsequential ideas
A. Clear
B. is an accumulated body of knowledge
B. Feasible
C. is independent of research methodol-
C. Relevant ogy
D. Ethical D. should be viewed uncritically
146. This design combines elements from var- 151. Which part of the research paper requires
ious research designs and uses both quali- your command of language and writing
tative and quantitative methods. skills such as summarizing, paraphrasing
A. Exploratory and writing indirect speeches?
B. Mixed-method A. Scope and Delimitation

B. Assumptions of the Study
C. Descriptive
C. Statement of the Problem
D. Experimental
D. Review of related Literature
147. It is a term that is synonymous with the
word, ‘investigation’ 152. Which research approach is based on
the epistemological viewpoint of pragma-
A. Research tism?
B. Inquiry A. Mixed-methods research
C. Ponder B. Scientific research
D. Probe C. Qualitative research
D. Quantitative research
148. “This study aims to know the role of
language on developing the confidence of 153. refers to t he protection of people’s
teenagers of Sta. Maria Sta.Ana Pam- identify through not disclosing their name
panga “ is an example of what? or not knowing it.
A. Scope and Delimitation A. Confidentiality
B. Assumptions of the Study B. Privacy
C. Statement of the Problem C. Voluntary participation
D. Review of Related Literature D. Anonymity

154. It is a way of obtaining knowledge about C. CHICAGO

your surroundings. D. HARVARD

A. imagination
159. Allowing the researcher to record notes
B. learning during data collection is from which tech-
C. science nique for collecting data through observa-
D. thinking tion?
A. written description
155. In the hypothesis:There IS no signifi-
cant difference in self-concept between the B. video recording
groups exposed to values lessons and the C. photographs
group not to be exposed on the same.
D. documentation
What are the two groups in the state-
ment? 160. As a researcher, what is the best topic
A. students with self-concept and values you choose if you are asked to make a
topic about the school that is the latest is-
B. students with self-concept and values
sue?
lesson
A. Grading System
C. students exposed to values lessons
and students without values lessons B. Modules
D. students exposed to values lessons C. Covid 19
D. Bayanihan Act
156. When a researcher is interested in linking
or making an association between two or 161. If you are asked to choose a topic of
more phenomena, the design that should your research what guidelines should you
be used is avoid?
A. Descriptive A. Highly Technical Subjects
B. Exploratory B. Latest issue and problem
C. Correlational C. Respondents are present and accessi-
D. Grounded theory ble
D. Interesting topics
157. The research question is “What is the ef-
fect of television viewing on Filipinos?”. 162. The repetition of a prior research study in
What might be the research topic a different setting and time is called
A. effect of television A. Redubplication
B. effect of Filipinos B. Replication
C. television viewing C. Double research
D. effect of Filipino viewing D. Research duplication
158. Which of the following references is the 163. What do you call this process of analyz-
appropriate referencing format for educa- ing the data and searching for essential in-
tion and social science research? formation that answers the research ques-
A. APA tions?
B. MLA A. sampling

B. data analysis 169. Francesca wants to know if her class-

C. coding mates prefer pineapple on their pizza.
What research method should Francesca
D. categorizing use?
164. This research looks into a large group of A. Case study
people with different characteristics. B. Longitudinal study
A. Sequential C. Experiment
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Descriptive D. Survey
C. Cohort
170. What do you call this process which con-
D. Cross-sectional sists of examining, categorizing, tabulat-
ing or otherwise recombining the evidence
165. A group of researchers, decided to se- to address the initial preposition of the
lect their respondents because they are study?
the most accessible. What type of non-
probability sampling did they exercise? A. sampling
A. Judgemental Sampling B. data analysis
B. Convenience Sampling C. coding
C. Quota Sampling D. categorizing
D. Snowball Sampling 171. This is a way of showing the appreciation

by the researcher. The beginning portion
166. Which looks into the statistical difference of the work that identifies individuals who
among the two or more groups have contributed something for the com-
A. Pearson’s R pletion of the study.
B. T-test A. Acknowledgement
C. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) B. Citation
D. Multiple Regression C. Bibliography
D. References
167. What represents a population?
A. Sample size 172. Which section of the research paper con-
tains the purpose statement and the re-
B. Sample Mean search questions?
C. Confidence level A. Overview
D. Frequency B. Statement of the problem
168. A questionnaire can be used in interpre- C. Significance of the study
tivist research D. Background of the study
A. Yes, in all forms
173. The process by which the researcher col-
B. Yes, if it is in unstructured form lects the information needed to answer the
C. Yes, if it restricts the freedom to re- research problem.
spond A. collection of data
D. Never B. data collection

C. collecting 178. Pepito is a researcher. One of his sub-

jects is on his vacation, but to meet the
D. data gathering
deadline, he is planning to gather the in-

174. It is a device or tool used to collect data. formation he needs through phone. This is
What is this? a type of what?
A. one on one interview
A. instrument
B. telephone interview
B. research tool
C. electronic email interview
C. research instrument
D. focus group discussion
D. research device
179. The following statements are correct EX-
175. It puts emphasis on proof, rather than CEPT:
discovery A. organize and prepare the data for anal-
A. Quantitative Research ysis
B. Qualitative Research B. read through all data
C. Quasi-Experimental C. read the parts which are interesting
D. Quali-Quanti D. represent the data within a report
180. In making objectives the acronym SMART

176. Some issues include tardiness of employ-
stands for its 5 characteristics of objec-
ees, incentives given to the staff, sports-
tives. If M stands for measurable what
manship among school athletes, and imple-
does R stands for?
mentation of a “clean and green” program
in school.Research is important as it A. Realistic
A. Develops and evaluates alternative ap- B. Reliable
proaches to the educational aspects of C. Reasonable
any discipline.
D. Risk
B. Aims to advance the personal and pro-
fessional qualifications of a practitioner. 181. An abstract form or idea, often con-
veyed on a single word which serves as a
C. Impacts decision making. springboard or building blocks of theory.
D. Provides solutions to problems con- A. Theory
cerning almost all issues encountered in
B. Concept
the different areas of work.
C. Framework
177. Any participants to any research activ- D. Paradigm
ity must not be forced to take part in the
study. 182. Identify the field of study being de-
A. voluntary participation scribe in the statement:Determining the ef-
ficiency of medicines and drugs can be done
B. informed consent through quantitative research.
C. risk of harm A. Education
D. social responsibilty B. Business

C. Medical & Health 188. Which research question would lead to

the most information about successful bud-
D. Science & Technology
gets?
183. This variable can be fixed or designed A. How long do people maintain budgets?
A. DICHOTOMOUS VARIABLE
B. What type of budget works for every-
B. INTERVAL VARIABLE one?
C. NOMINAL VARIABLE
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. What is the best age to start a budget?
D. DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE
D. How do budgets help people meet fi-
184. Groups exposed to the presumed cause nancial goals?
are compared with those who are not ex-
posed to it 189. The first step of the research process is
A. Ex Post Facto A. searching for sources

B. deciding on a topic and a research
B. Descriptive
question
C. Correlational C. choosing the correct font
D. Experimental D. writing a works cited entry for sources
185. In the Chapter 2 Review of Related Lit- 190. This is a type of Non Probability Sam-
erature, which word means similar to the pling wherein the researcher selects sub-
study or topic? ject based on the ease of accessibility?
A. Review A. Judgemental Sampling
B. Related B. Convenience Sampling

C. Quota Sampling
C. Literature
D. Snowball Sampling
D. Research
191. Informed consent for a participant is best
186. This type of question is known as an “ exemplified in which of the following ac-
open ended “ question. tions?
A. Qualitative A. Talking to him or her privately
B. Quantitative B. surprising him ir her with a question-
naire
C. Both Qualitative and Quantitative
C. Writing him or her a letter
D. None of the choices above
D. Using a padrino system
187. “Searching for knowledge” is known as 192. It is a process of systematic inquiry that
A. Inquiry entails collection of data; documentation
of critical information; and analysis and in-
B. Investigation terpretation of that data/information.
C. Research A. Methodology
D. Investigate B. Data Analysis

C. Research A. Objective
D. Researcher B. Systematic

C. Feasible
193. If the researches and studies conducted
by other can be added in your paper be- D. Empirical
cause it has significance and relationship, 198. In writing hypothesis, what word will
what part of the RRL should it be placed? you use if you want to see the similarity
A. Conceptual Literature among the variables?
B. Research Literature A. Effect
C. Synthesis B. Impact
D. Thesis Review C. Relationship
D. Differences
194. Identify the field of study being describe
in the statement:Data that are often used 199. The first step in research is identifying
in this type of research are market size, a topic, conceptualizing a research topic
demographics, and user preference. would include
A. Education A. Title of research
B. Business B. Finding a focus
C. Medical & Health C. Where to start
D. Science & Technology D. Discuss with fellow researchers
195. If the title of the research is “Corazon 200. IRSME is the acronyms of the character-
Aquino, the Life and Contribution to the istics of Good Topics, What acronym and
Philippines”. What type of research can its meaning means does Not embarrass or
describes the title? harm participants.
A. M-Manageable
A. Grounded Theory
B. S-Significant
B. Case Study
C. E-Ethical
C. Ethnography
D. I-Interesting
D. Historical
201. What is the correct way to cite in text
196. Can be referred to as ‘depth’ or ‘in depth’ the following source in APA style?
interview. What is this?
A. However, Selke et al. (2015) did not
A. structured interview find any significant difference in biode-
B. unstructured interview gradeability.
C. instructured intereview B. However, Selke et al. did not find
any significant difference in biodegrade-
D. none of the mentioned
ability1.
197. What characteristic of Qualitative Re- C. However, Selke et al. did not find any
search states that it involves the objec- significant difference in biodegradeability
tives process of analyzing phenomena of (Selke, S., Auras, R., (2015) Evaluation of
importance to any profession or to differ- biodegradation. Environmental Science &
ent fields or disciplines Technology 49(6)).

D. However, Selke et al. did not find any 207. “What is the level of acceptance of the
significant difference in biodegradeability parents to the online teaching in the new
(Evaluation of biodegradation. Environ- normal of education for this academic year
mental Science & Technology). 2020-2021?” Looking at this statement,
what can be the possible Scope and Limita-
202. Watching an interview, Grace noticed tion when referring to the parameter?
that the interviewer has his own questions
listed on the paper he’s holding. Which A. Academic Year 2020-2021
type of interview is this?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Online Teaching in the New Normal
A. structured interview
C. Level of Acceptance
B. unstructured interview
D. Parents of the Students who are using
C. instructured intereview
Online Teaching
D. none of the mentioned
203. What should be written in Chapter 5? 208. Qualitative research is used in all the fol-
lowing circumstances, EXCEPT
A. Results and Discussions
A. it often uses small samples
B. Summary, Conclusion and Recommen-
dations B. it uses the inductive method
C. Methodology C. it is based on a collection of non-
D. Review of Related Literature numerical data such as words and pic-
tures
204. The use of new technology is considered
in doing a research nowadays. Which re- D. it is typically used when a great deal is
search characteristics is being shown? already known about the topic of interest
A. accuracy
209. The most significant decision during the
B. clarity process of designing a research study is:
C. objectiveness
A. The sampling plan.
D. timeliness
B. The choice of research approach.
205. What type of data is used in qualitative
C. The quality of the research design.
research?
A. Numbers D. The details of tactical research prob-
lems.
B. Percentages
C. Words 210. Which of the following is the focus of the
D. Statistics case study in qualitative research?
206. The following are found in the writing of A. Exploring the life of an individual
the methodology EXCEPT? B. Developing an in-depth analysis of a
A. Problem case
B. Participants C. Developing a theory from the field
C. Instruments D. Understanding the essence of the ex-
D. Research design and procedure perience

211. In writing an introduction to the topic of C. Operationally

your study, the following should be taken D. Both Conceptually and Operationally
into consideration EXCEPT one. Which of

the following does not belong to the group 216. Why do researchers avoid topics that are
of sentences? controversial?
A. Make the one part of your background A. The topic depends only on the writer’s
of the study generalized opinion.
B. Update yourself to the current issues B. It requires advance study.
in your area
C. It will prevent you from having focus
C. State problems that you observed on the desired research.
about your topic
D. The subject is very limited.
D. Specify the studies conducted by other
researchers and their findings and conclu- 217. Researcher A had presented the name of
sion the barangay captain who helped him in
giving him a legit information about the
212. This includes purpose and reason behind
criminalities happened in their barangay as
the conduct of the study.
part of the data. Does the researcher did
A. Assumption of the Study the right thing?
B. Scope and Delimitation A. Yes, because the barangay captain de-
C. Significance of the Study serves an appreciation for helping.
D. Background of the Study B. Yes, because his name was just used
during the presentation.
213. It can be classified as being, nominal, di-
chotomous or ordinal C. No, because this is not preserving the
confidentiality of the matter.
A. Quasi-Experimental
D. No, because he is not the direct person
B. Qualitative involved in the study.
C. Quantitative
218. A characteristic of research which begins
D. Variable
with a problem and ends with a solution
214. What is the first step in conducting re- to the problem
search? A. Systematic
A. Analyze Data B. Cyclical
B. Review the literature C. Original Work
C. Design research D. Empirical
D. Define research problem
219. Which is the numerical value used as a
215. The words used in the research paper are summary measure for a sample?
defined according on how it is used in the
A. Sample statistics
study. How are the words in the study
defined? B. Sample parameters
A. Basically C. Population mean
B. Conceptually D. Range

220. During the quarantine period, your C. cite all the authors
mother planted tomato seedlings in pots. D. cite only two
Now common understanding from science
tells you that several factors are affecting 225. Which of the following is not part of a
the growth of tomatoes:sunlight, water, question that there is a possible compari-
kind of soil, and nutrients in soil. How fast son of two variables?
the tomato seedlings will grow and bear A. Analysis
fruits will depend on these factors. What
is the dependent variable? B. Differences
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. SUNLIGHT C. Effectiveness
B. WATER D. Relationship
C. THE GROWTH OF TOMATOES 226. This research focuses on a group of peo-

ple sharing common characteristics.
D. KIND OF SOIL
A. Longitudinal
221. Selecting participants who just happen to
B. Experimental
be available is called:
C. Cohort
A. Opportunity sampling
D. Descriptive
B. Volunteer sampling
C. Random sampling 227. A Qualitative Research is a research that
deals more on factual data. What char-
D. Quota sampling acteristics of a qualitative research refers
to examining the data by internal traits of
222. Each of these types of continuous vari-
the subject individual like emotional, men-
able has
tal and spiritual characteristics.
A. NOMINAL PROPERTY
A. Diversified Data in Real-life Situation
B. MULIPLICATION PROPERTY
B. Abounds with Words and Visuals
C. NUMERICAL PROPERTY
C. Contextualization
D. INTERVAL PROPERTY D. Internal Analysis
223. It has a numerical value and can be mea- 228. This is collecting data through interviews
sured along a continuum. with a group of people, typically 4 to 6.
A. INTERVAL VARIABLE What is this?
B. DICHOTOMOUS A. one on one interview
C. ORDINAL VARIABLE B. telephone interview
D. NOMINAL VARIABLE C. electronic email interview
D. focus group discussion
224. Kate is working on her RRL, she has three
authors. What she do with the authors’ 229. A characteristic of research which refers
names? to the researcher’s own investigation and
A. do not write all the names of the au- shows originality
thors A. Original Work
B. write the well-known author only B. Empirical

C. Systematic 234. Sometimes called experimental or predic-

tor variable
D. Analytic

A. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
230. Karina wanted to know the effects of B. DEPENDENT VARIABLE
playing Mobile Legends to the academic
performance of Grade 11 STEM 3 students. C. INTERVAL VARIABLE
What research design would she best use D. DICHOTOMOUS VARIABLE
to realize her main objective?
235. When a researcher wants to study a coun-
A. Exploratory design
seling intervention with individuals who
B. Cohort design live at a homeless shelter versus individu-
als who live at a domestic violence shelter,
C. Causal design
the best research design would be
D. Action research A. Experimental design
231. “What is the level of acceptance of the B. Predictive design
parents to the online teaching in the new C. Case study
normal of education for this academic year
2020-2021?” On this statement, how D. Quasi-experimental design
can the researcher called this statement? 236. What is the final step in doing research?
A. Research Topic A. Define research problem
B. Research Problem B. Formulate hypothesis
C. Research Statement C. Interpret and Report
D. Research Phrase D. Design research
232. In a quantitative research method, which 237. Confidentiality of a participant is best

means data trustworthiness? exemplified in which of the following ac-
tions?
A. Validity
A. Asking the participant to write his or
B. Reliability her name in the questionnaire
C. Triangulation B. Not mentioning his or her name in the
D. Validity and Reliability Participants of the study section
C. Introducing himself or herself in an in-
233. A qualitative research design in which terview
data related to past events is systemat-
D. Taking his or her picture
ically collected and evaluated to describe
potential causes, effects, or trends related 238. Which examines the presence of a statis-
to those events is known as tical difference between two means
A. Ethnographic A. Pearson’s R
B. historical B. T-test
C. action theory C. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
D. grounded theory D. Multiple Regression

239. What should a research do when he cites 243. In which part of the research output are
an author within the text of the paper? your results presented in a graphical form
of a diagram?
A. State the first and the last names of
the author. A. Analysis of Data
B. Use the author, date citation method. B. Processing of Data
C. Interpretation of Data
C. Use an asterisk and a footnote
D. Presentation of Data
D. Insert complete citation in parenthesis
NARAYAN CHANGDER
244. A type of research that deals with the
240. Which of the following objectives refers examination of primary documents to con-
to Ensuing the activity is within the capac- nect the past to the present.
ity of your organization and the authority
A. case study
of the team?
B. content analysis
A. Achievable
C. ethnography
B. Measurable
D. historical analysis
C. Time bound
245. Intellectual property code of the Philip-
D. Systematic pines is also known as
241. Quantitative research A. RA 8293

B. RA 8392
A. Is an open approach to social phenom-
ena C. RA 2389
B. Employs predetermined instruments D. RA 824
to measure and observe 246. All the data to be reported should include
C. Reports data in narrative form all facts with accuracy.
D. Is only experimental in nature A. Honesty
B. Objectivity
242. The following are research questions,
C. Competence
which among the questions are Not related
to the possible topic? D. Care
A. What is the level of effectiveness of 247. An ethical principle which means report-
the teachers’ modular teaching strategy? ing findings honestly. Do not falsify or fab-
ricate results.
B. How effective is the computer-based A. Carelessness
teaching delivery approach of the teach- B. Empirical
ers?
C. Honesty
C. What are the effective methods in
D. Integrity
teaching to the new normal of education?
248. An ethical principle which means sharing
D. What is the impression of the parents you findings.
to the new normal in education? A. Openness

B. Honesty 254. Using someone else’s work to help you

C. Loyalty without their permission is:

D. Integrity A. plagiarism
B. periodical
249. One of the two types of codes in quali-
tative research that show up during anal- C. research
ysis.
D. cite
A. emergent
B. preset 255. A variable that is being manipulated in an
experiment
C. code
A. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
D. coding
B. DICHOTOMOUS VARIABLE
250. Data is defined as
C. DEPENDENT VARIABLE
A. the collection of hypothesis
D. ORDINAL VARIABLE
B. the collection of people
C. the study of people 256. It means “Search for Knowledge”
D. the collection of information A. Research
251. The researcher should ensure that the B. Quali-Quanti
participants will not be adversely affected
C. Quasi
by the research and its results.
A. Care D. Experimental
B. Human subjects protection 257. The basic structure that serves as mental
C. Respect for colleagues window of the researcher and gives the di-
rection of the study. It is presented with a
D. Social Responsiblity
paradigm . What part of Chapter 1 is it?
252. It is a variable that is dependent on the A. Analytical Framework
independent variable
B. Conceptual Framework
A. ORDINAL VARIABLE
C. Input Process Output
B. NOMINAL VARIABLE
C. DEPENDENT VARIABLE D. Virtual Presentation
D. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE 258. It prefaces the study by providing a sum-

mary of the main idea and is usually short
253. Can have different values under different
and concise.
conditions or for different people
A. RATIO A. Research abstract
B. VARIABLE B. Research questions

C. RESEARCH C. Research title
D. PROPORTION D. Research problem

259. Which of the following best describe 263. Identify the field of study being describe
quantitave research? in the statement:The interest of learners
A. It is an activity of producing or proving and facilitators can be enhanced or ad-
a theorem. vanced by implementing quantifiable best
practices.
B. It is an activity concerned with finding
new truths in education. A. Science & Technology
C. It is an exploration associated with li- B. Medical & Health
NARAYAN CHANGDER
braries, books and journal. C. Education
D. It is a systematic process for obtaining D. Business
numerical information about the world.
264. What do you call to a small group of peo-
260. To broaden the readers’ knowledge and ple or things taken from a larger group and
understanding of the area covered by the used to represent the larger group?
research, this is done to let the readers A. sample
positively consider some activities they
can possibly do to extend, modify, repli- B. sampling
cate, or validate the findings of your re- C. persons
search work. What is this? D. people
A. discussion
265. This chapter is focused on the research
B. recommendation procedures which contains the research de-
C. findings sign, descriptions of the samples and the
D. reference measures to be used, and the steps to be
taken in carrying out the study.
261. This research involves explaining phe- A. Chapter 1
nomenon by collecting numerical data that
are analyzed using mathematically based B. Chapter 2
methods C. Chapter 3
A. pure research D. Chapter 4
B. quantitative research 266. It is a scientific, experimental, or induc-
C. applied research tive manner of thinking.
D. qualitative research A. Research
262. Which of the following requires simple B. Inference

thinking? C. Ponder
A. What is the color of your favorite bag? D. Probe
267. Which of the following is the best syn-

B. Why are some college graduate prefer onym for reliability?
not to work?
A. Consistency
C. Do you agree that doing research can
help develop your thinking skills? B. Usefulness
D. How can one student develop his think- C. Truthfulness

ing skills? D. Economy

268. This is concerned with establishing an- 273. Odd one out
swers to the “whys and hows” of the phe-
A. DICHOTOMOUS
nomenon in question. What is this?

A. research design B. NOMINAL
B. quantitative research design C. ORDINAL
C. qualitative research design D. INTERVAL
D. research
274. Cathy and Mira are doing an ethno-
269. Research should maintain objectivity. graphic study. How can they gather the
What does objectivity means? information they needed?
A. Being impartial and independent from A. through interviews and survey
different factors.
B. through documentary
B. Establishing validity among the data
collected. C. through observations and interviews
C. Showing prejudice to the subject mat- D. through stories from individuals
ter.
D. Having partiality to the decisions being 275. Liam is a researcher, she was tasked to
undertaken on the process. gather data about the culture of Aeta in
Porac. What specific qualitative research
270. Which of the following is NOT a type of design is this?
qualitative research question?
A. Phenomenology
A. Understanding and interpretations
B. Ethnography
B. Influencing factors
C. Language practice C. Case Study
D. Practices D. Narrative
271. What part in the paradigm shows the 276. Which type of data is always a numerical
ways on gathering data of the study be value?
placed?
A. Quantitative
A. Input
B. Qualitative
B. Process
C. Output C. Categorical
D. Feedback D. All of the answers are correct
272. H1 is one of the Hypotheses in the thesis 277. How do you call the sample of your quan-
or research that shows the positive state- titative study?
ment. What kind of hypothesis is H1?
A. Respondent
A. Positive Hypothesis
B. Negative Hypothesis B. Participant
C. Null Hypothesis C. Students

D. Alternative Hypothesis D. Sampling

278. Chavez. ( 2020) Counselling in the Mod- 282. An individual with an exceptional mem-
ern World. Makati Philippines. What is ory is identified.She is capable of recall-
this way of the researcher in expressing ing major events, the weather, and what
appreciation to her research paper? she did on any given date. What research
method is being used if a psychologist
A. Acknowledgement
conducts an in-depth investigation of this
B. In-Text Citation individual including questionnaires, brain
C. References scans, and memory tests?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Table of Contents A. Survey
B. Interview
279. A research worker plans to evaluate high
school students’ reactions to a new policy C. Case Study
on closed campus stations. He locates him- D. Naturalistic Observation
self near the office of the dean, where he
interviews every fourth student who vis- 283. What part of the introduction sets the
its the dean. He eventually secures data boundaries and parameters of the study?
from 100 interviews and publishes his
findings as the “Reactions of high school A. Parametric Limits
students to a new policy for a closed cam- B. Study Area Coverage
pus.” What may be wrong with this ap-
proach? C. Scope and Delimitation
A. Too small a sample D. Limitation of the study
B. Inadequately defined problem 284. is the heart of the study

C. Inadequate techniques of analysis A. Significant of the study
D. Biased sample B. Objectives
280. Which is TRUE when it comes to Quanti- C. Related Literature
tative research?
D. Findings
A. It requires few respondents
285. You are about to start writing the RRL, as
B. It requires many respondents
a researcher what should be the first step
C. It is an open-ended questions that you will consider so that you cannot
D. It focuses on exploring ideas and for- face any problems as you are in the pro-
mulating a theory or hypothesis. cess of writing?
A. Read all the resources you gathered
281. It describes how the researcher will an-
swer the research questions in a credible B. look and search for all the possibility
manner. of your references
A. Research design C. List down all the important concepts,
researches and ideas that you read and
B. Research problem have part in your research
C. Research framework
D. Finalize the paragraph you wrote
D. Research methodology about RRL

286. In writing the objectives of your study, C. Voluntary participant

you must remember an acronyms with cor- D. Withdrawal rights
responding meaning to give the objectives.

What particular acronyms is it? 291. Which form of reasoning is the process of
A. IRSME drawing a specific conclusion from a set of
premises?
B. HOMES
C. STEM A. Deductive reasoning
D. SMART B. Inductive reasoning

C. Objective reasoning
287. Defined as “a seeking for truth, informa-
tion or knowledge. D. Positive reasoning
A. Inquire 292. What do you call to any unit of anal-
B. Enquire ysis, including individuals, organizations,
C. Acquire events, or actions?
D. Require A. people
B. organization
288. A characteristic of research that says re-
searchers should make sure that there are C. individuals
credible data that supports claims or vari- D. case
ables in the research study.
A. Feasible 293. Also known as empirical research
B. Empirical A. Quantitative Research
C. Objective B. Qualitative Research
D. Systematic C. Descriptive
289. Quantitative studies greatly help D. Correlational
mankind to have a better
294. These variables are designed to give the
A. LIFE researcher an either/or response
B. PERSPECTIVE A. DEPENDENT VARIABLE
C. IDEA B. DICHOTOMOUS VARIABLE
D. OPTIONS
C. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
290. A college counselor met a student who D. DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE
was experiencing stress due to family
problems. During lunch, the counselor 295. Protect confidential communications and
shared with her friend of the session she personal information of your respon-
had with the student and the family issue dents.
the student was facing. This shows that
A. Pricvacy
the counselor had breached which ethical
code? B. Confidentiality
A. Informed consent C. Honesty
B. Confidentiality D. Morality

296. ” The Life After the Survival in a Covid 19 301. In the field of medicine, a new drug
Case. What type of Qualitative Research was must be tested to determine its effi-
can be used in this study? cacy in curing sickness before it ca be pre-
A. Case Study scribed.This statement only proved that re-
search
B. Ethnography
A. Provides a scientific basis for any prac-
C. Phenomenology tice or methodology in a any field or disci-
D. Historical Analysis pline.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
297. it is an objective and systematic search B. Helps develops tools for assessing ef-
for relevant information on a particular fectiveness of any practice or operation.
subject or topic C. Aims to advance the personal and pro-
A. Quantitative fessional qualifications.
B. Qualitative D. Impacts decision marking.
C. Research 302. Which Sampling technique gathers data in

D. Quasi-Experimental a process that does not give all the indi-
viduals in the population equal chances of
298. To observe and report on a certain phe- being selected?
nomenon A. Random Sampling
A. Correlation B. Probability Sampling
B. Ex post facto C. Non Probability Sampling
C. Descriptive D. Sampling
D. Quasi-Experimental
303. A research method that seeks to explain
299. These are essential attitudes that bring naturally occurring phenomena in the natu-
anticipated satisfaction or enjoyment in ral world by generating credible theories.
the completion of research tasks. A. Scientific research
A. Support of the academic community B. Experimental research design
B. External support C. Exploratory design
C. Experience, training ad qualification D. Artistic research
D. Motivation, interest, intellectual cu-
riosity and perceptiveness 304. An ethical principle which means keeping
your promises and agreements.
300. If you are tasked to make an unstruc- A. Morality
tured interview, what will you do?
B. Integrity
A. I will make a list of the questions I will
be asking to my subjects C. Ethics
B. . I will make a draft of how the inter- D. Honesty

view will flow 305. Refers to the extent to which the findings
C. I will prepare myself but not the ques- do not only represent the samples but also
tion the population at large
D. I will not do anything A. Generalizability

B. Generalization 310. The design which combines aspects of

C. Generalize various research design and methods is re-
ferred to as

D. General
A. Sequential design
306. This is stated in declarative statement
and present the general objective of the B. Mixed-method design
study. This can usually be read within the C. Descriptive design
title. What is this? D. Causal design
A. Statement of the Problem
B. General Problem 311. Which of the following is a good research
question?
C. Specific Problem
A. Do students with high levels of self-
D. Hypothesis efficacy demonstrate more active job
307. There is a set of fixed, predetermined searching behaviors?
questions which are presented to every B. Students with higher levels of self-
participant in the same order and in the efficacy will demonstrate more active job
same way. searching behaviors.
A. Structured interview C. Identify the relationship between self-
B. Semi-structured interview efficacy and student job searching behav-
C. Unstructured interview iors.
D. none of above D. Produce a report on student job
searching behavior.
308. The word research was derived from the
French word “recherche “meaning the 312. Which of the following is not included in
A. act of investigate a basic lay out of research?
B. act of inquire A. Introduction
C. act of searching B. main body
D. act of explore C. end matter
309. The most important consideration in se- D. prelims
lecting a sample is that the sample be:
313. Tests the relationship between several
A. selected from the population by means independent variables and one dependent
of a table of random numbers variable
B. made up of a large number of subjects A. Pearson’s R
B. T-test
C. representative of the population
D. selected from a large number of indi- C. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
viduals or elements D. Multiple Regression

3. Identification of Research Problem
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3.1 Selecting the Research problem
1. If the desired data is available to the re- 4. The selection is often influenced by The
searcher, then the problem would be se- problem’s practical usefulness is the pri-
lected. mary reason for a researcher’s participa-
tion.
A. Data Availability
A. Timelines of the Problem
B. Urgency
B. Practicality
C. Area Culture
C. Urgency
D. Feasibility D. Feasibility
2. The most important factor in selecting a re- 5. is a specific issue, difficulty, contradiction,
search issue is the researcher’s or gap in knowledge that you will aim to
address in your research.
A. Practicality
A. Personal Inclination
B. Knowledge
B. research problem
C. Urgency C. Resources Availability
D. Personal Inclination D. research question
3. The researcher’s qualifications, prepara- 6. Once the problem is understood and the
tion, and experience should be adequate circumstances driving the project initiation
for the problem. are clear, it is time to write the problem
statement.
A. Practicality
A. Stating the Problem
B. Feasibilty B. Purpose
C. Relative Importance C. Defining the Problem
D. Research Knowledge D. Writing the Problem Statement

3.1 Selecting the Research problem 169
7. The for which a researcher conducts his B. Researcher Knowledge

research is also responsible for the selec- C. Resources Availability
tion of research problem.

D. Personal Inclination
A. Area Culture
B. Data Availability 12. By paying attention to the key points men-
C. Urgency tioned, the subject should be chosen cor-
rectly. The problem chosen should engross
D. Practicality the researcher and hold a position in
their mind so that they can resolve all of
8. The meaning and existence of the issue are
the problems involved with the research
both critical factors when considering a re-
study.
search problem. If the issue is important,
the researcher is more likely to choose it. A. individual
A. Researcher Knowledge B. positive
B. Relative Importance C. prominent
C. Resources Availability D. distinct
D. Data Availability
13. is a pinpoint in the way of the selec-
9. The researcher’s experience should be con- tion of research problem. Urgent problem
sidered when selecting a research subject. must be given priority because the imme-
For a comprehensive compilation of re- diate solution can benefit the people.
search results, an investigator’s wisdom A. Area Culture
and knowledge are needed
B. Feasibility
A. Practicality
C. Urgency
B. Timelines of the Problem
D. Data Availability
C. Personal Inclination
D. Researcher Knowledge 14. The main purpose of the problem state-
ment is to and the problem.
10. Feasibility is also an important factor for
the selection of the research problem. The A. recognize and interpret
credentials, preparation, and experience B. connect and solve
of the researcher should be sufficient for
C. identify and explain
the issue.
A. Resources Availability D. investigate and clarify
B. Urgency 15. Some problems take little time for its so-
C. Area Culture lution while others take more time. So, it
depends on the time in which we have to
D. Feasibility complete his research work.
11. is the most significant element in choos- A. Personal Inclination
ing a research problem. If the researcher
B. Data Availability
is personally interested in a topic, he/she
will choose it as the subject of their study. C. Area Culture
A. Relative Importance D. Timelines of the Problem

3.2 Necessity of defining the problem 170
16. During the selection process, the re- A. Resources Availability

searcher can look at the If these re-
sources like money, time, accommodation B. Area Culture
and transport are available to the selec- C. Feasibility
tion place, then the selection of the prob-
lem is easy. D. Data Availability
3.2 Necessity of defining the problem
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1. Basic types of question when not much D. none of above
is known about the situation at hand, or
no information is available on how simi- 4. You are able to answer the research ques-
lar problems or research issues have been tions within the restrictions of the re-
solved in the past is? search project is the characteristics of the
following good problem statement crite-
A. Descriptive
ria?
B. Exploratory
A. Relevant
C. Causal
B. Interesting
D. none of above
C. Feasible
2. Which one is the research objective? D. none of above
A. What are the factors that affect the
perceived waiting experience of airline 5. Basic type of question which delineating
passengers? one or more factors that are causing a
problem is?
B. To what extent do these factors affect
the perception of waiting times? A. Exploratory
C. To analyze the affective consequences B. Descriptive
of waiting C. Causal
D. How does affect mediate the relation- D. none of above
ship between waiting and service evalua-
tions? 6. Any situation where a gap exists between
an actual and a desired ideal state is the
3. Basic type of question which enable the re-
definition of?
searcher to describe the characteristics of
the variables of interest in a situation is? A. Research
A. Exploratory B. Problem
B. Descriptive C. Question
C. Causal D. Objective
3.3 Choosing a Topic & Defining a Research Question

3.3 Choosing a Topic & Defining a Research Question 171
1. These are statements about open and A. to make sure that you get a good grade
closed questions. Which statement is NOT
correct?

B. to give your paper focus
A. Closed questions are basic and often
C. to entertain Ms. Furuyama
begin with who, what, where, or when.
D. to make sure that no one else uses
B. Closed questions are more involved
your idea
and require more research.
C. Open questions are complex and often 6. Read the research question and decide
begin with why. which one is not a problem with the ques-
D. Open questions have more than one tion:Why is there a housing crisis in the
answer and may lead to more questions. Netherlands?
A. not focused enough
2. What does each letter in a KWL chart
stand for? B. not specific enough
A. Knowledge, When, Learn C. too complex
B. Know, When, List D. none of above
C. Knowledge, Wonder/Want to Know,
7. A research question that is too narrow is
List
one that
D. Know, Wonder/Want to Know, Learn
A. can be answered with a yes or no re-
3. Is this a good research question?”Is there sponse.
a higher power in the universe?” B. can be answered with a quick search
A. Yes, it has a clear focus. online.
B. Yes, it is debatable. C. is not debatable.
C. No, it’s too broad. D. is all of the above
D. No, because there is no way to answer
8. Which is one of the criteria making re-
it with certainty.
search questions strong?
4. These are statements about essential A. Specific and Relevant
questions. Which statement is NOT cor-
rect? B. Focused and Researchable
A. An essential question is usually easy to C. Arguable and Simple
answer. D. none of above
B. An essential question is an open ended
question. 9. Is this a good research question?”Which
national park is the best?”
C. The answers to an essential question
should come from many sources. A. Yes, it is just right!
D. An essential question is the focus of B. Yes, it is focused.
your research. C. No, because it is asking for an opinion.
5. What is the main reason for developing a
good research question? D. No, because it is boring.

3.4 Goals and Criteria for identifying problems for research. 172
10. Which of these is the BEST choice for an re- A. what

search question for a research paper about B. when
life on planets?
C. where
A. Which planets do we know have life on
them? D. how
B. What factors affect a planet’s ability to 14. Which of the following is an example of an
sustain life? open question?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Why would being the closest or far- A. How large is a blue whale?
thest planet from the sun affect the ability
to sustain life? B. What are the different types of
whales?
D. Why is there no life on the moon?
C. Why are whales important to ocean
11. The part of the topic that you choose to ecosystems?
research is called the
D. Do whales communicate?
A. main idea
15. Is this a good research question?”Does
B. thesis
owning a pet improve quality of life for
C. aspect or criteria older people?”
D. point of view A. Yes, it’s great! It’s interesting!
12. These are statements about research ques- B. Yes, it’s great! It’s debatable!
tions. Which statement is NOT correct? C. No, it could be answered with a yes or
A. An research question is usually easy to a no.
answer. D. No, it’s boring.
B. An research question is an open ended
question. 16. A research question that is too broad is
one that
C. The answers to an research question
should come from many sources. A. is not focused
D. A research question is the focus of B. is not concise
your research. C. has too many aspects to address in
13. A good research question does not ask one paper
“why”. Instead, it is better to ask: D. is all of the above
3.4 Goals and Criteria for identifying problems for research.

1. General aim of research is C. Results must provide reliable results
and implementable
A. Must contribute to the national goals
for the development of quality of human D. none of above
life
2. An INTERSTING research problem will
B. Must develop skills of the researcher
help:
and have return (e.g monetary, prestige)
after research report A. Narrow the scope of research

B. Motivate the author(s) A. Secondary

C. Save the time B. Quantitative

D. Limit the number of data collection C. Primary
methods
D. Qualitative
3. Primary Data is..
8. How many steps are there in formulating
A. When you go and collect it yourself a research problem?
B. When you use someone else’s work A. 5
C. The first time you go and do your own
B. 6
research
C. 7
D. Research in primary schools
D. 8
4. This is a guideline in selecting research
problem to avoid blaming others. 9. What is a theory?
A. must be chosen by researcher himself A. a guess on how something works
B. a tested conclusion accepted as true
B. Must be within the interest of re-
searcher C. a story explaining how the world
works
C. Must be within the specialization of re-
searcher D. an assumption
D. none of above 10. It is the first step of doing research
5. Information that is able to be trusted and A. Research title
accurate is? B. Observation
A. relevant C. Research problem
B. reliable
D. Questions
C. glossary
D. source 11. In order for an author to be considered a
credible, reliable source they must be
6. We review the relevant literature to A. Very smart
know
B. A good writer
A. What is already known about the topic
C. An expert on the subject matter
B. What concepts and theories have been D. A teacher
applied to the topic
12. After setting out the objectives, you
C. Who are the key contributors to the should
topic
A. Study research questions
D. All of the above
B. Assess the objectives
7. An Observation, Questionnaire and Inter-
C. Mark-up your Interest
views are examples of what type of re-
search? D. Identify the Broad Study Area

13. A research problem must be the problem C. Grab the reader’s attention
which
D. All of the above
A. causes concern for you
B. doesn’t need to be solved 19. Sources created by people who witnesses
or took part in the events they describe
C. causes concern for everyone are?
D. is very simple
A. primary source
14. What is the problem with using the Inter-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. database
net for research?
C. secondary source
A. There isn’t a problem with using the In-
ternet for research. D. index
B. The information is not verified or
20. area of concern when there is a gap in
edited.
knowledge that requires a solution; de-
C. Teachers don’t like it. fined by what you do notknow or under-
D. Too much information. stand about your practical problem
15. It shows the purpose of research A. practical problem
A. Subject matter B. research problem

B. Objective C. pure research
C. Aim D. none of above
D. Theory
21. Evaluating information is important in the
16. An area of research to be concerned research process because
A. Research Problem A. Sources vary in the levels of authority,
B. Research methodology accuracy and objectivity
C. Research review B. Not all information is suitable for your
D. Research gaps paper
C. All information available to us is reli-
17. Sources created by people not directly in- able
volved in the events they describe are?
D. “Fake news” is widespread
A. plagiarism
B. database 22. Guidelines in selecting research problem
C. primary source wherein researcher must know the method
he will used
D. secondary source
A. Requires expertise
18. The introductory section of a research re-
port should aim to: B. Requires original, critical, reflectove
thinking
A. Identify the specific focus of the study
C. Must be within the competence of the
researcher to tackle
B. Provide a rationale for the disserta-
tion, or article D. none of above

23. A situation which is challenging and re- B. doing an experiment for the first time
quires reflective thinking C. doing an experiment again and getting

A. Research problem different results
B. Research title D. Doing an experiment again and getting
the same results
C. Research methods
D. Literature review 29. The term “secondary analysis” refers to
the technique of:
24. A research aim is a statement A. Conducting a study of seconds, min-
A. general utes and other measures of time
B. specific B. Analysing your own data in two differ-
C. precise ent ways
D. unclear C. Analysing existing data that has been

collected by another person or organiza-
25. Researcher X received an increased of tion
salary after finishing his research problem. D. Working part time on a project along-
He has a return of side other responsibilities
A. Monetary
30. Information directly related to the topic
B. Prestige is?
C. Promotion A. index
D. Reputation B. relevant
26. letters, diaries, autobiographies, eyewit- C. reliable

ness accounts D. glossary
A. examples of third person point-of-view 31. Why do you need to review the existing
literature?
B. contains only indirect quotes A. You enjoy reading the academic re-
C. examples of secondary sources search on your topic.
D. examples of primary sources B. Because without it, you could never
reach the required word-count.
27. How can you tell if your research ques- C. To find out what is already known
tions are really good? about your area of interest.
A. If they guide your literature search D. To make sure you have a long list of
B. If they are linked together to help you references.
construct a coherent argument
32. refers to when the solution to a
C. If they force you to narrow the scope research problem has practical conse-
of your research quences.
D. All of the above A. applied research
28. What is replication? B. pure research
A. cloning the scientist who first did an ex- C. academic research problem
periment D. none of above

3.5 Research problem 176
33. The following are example of primary A. to suggest the previous research was
sources, except always poorly conducted.
A. Movie reviews B. skimming through the material be-
B. Legal documents cause most of it is just padding.
C. Pieces of creative writing C. evaluating what you read in terms of

your own research questions.
D. Interviews
D. being negative about something be-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
34. To read the literature critically means: fore you read it.
3.5 Research problem

1. This pertains to the harms and dangers the 5. This refers to the question “how much?’
researcher may encounter. in the conduct of the study.
A. academic community A. academic community
B. hazard B. hazard
C. motivation C. motivation
D. costing D. costing
2. refers to a situation or set of circum- 6. arises when the people involved sim-
stances. ply do not understand something about the
world as wellas they would like; does not
A. cost
have a tangible cost
B. consequence
A. consequence
C. condition
B. conceptual problem
D. none of above
C. practical problem
3. the undesirable effect of ignorance or D. research problem
lack of understanding that leads to a more
serious lack of understanding of a bigger, 7. This reflects the knowledge and training
more consequential problem. acquired by the researcher.
A. pure research A. academic community
B. research problem B. qualifications
C. conceptual problem C. motivation
D. consequence D. costing
4. something sought, if not invented in 8. is caused by some condition in the

academia. world(from spam to losing money in Om-
aha to terrorism) thatmakes us unhappy
A. pure research because it costs us time, respect, security,
B. everyday practical problem pain, even our lives.
C. applied research A. research problem
D. academic research problem B. practical problem

3.5 Research problem 177
C. conceptual problem in the world, but only improves the under-

standing of a community of researchers
D. pure research

A. applied research
9. refers to the undesirable outcomes of prac- B. consequence
tical problems which usually involves some
degree of unhappiness C. pure research
A. cost D. research problem
B. applied research 12. This provides the researcher a satisfaction

and enjoyment in conducting a study
C. condition
A. academic community
D. consequence
B. qualifications
10. This consist of administrators, teachers, C. motivation
students and parents.
D. costing
A. academic community
13. is something best avoided in the nor-
B. qualifications mal course of life.
C. motivation A. everyday practical problem
D. costing B. academic research problem
11. refers to when the solution to a prob- C. conceptual problem

lem does notbear on any practical situation D. research problem

4. Research Design
NARAYAN CHANGDER
4.1 Need for Research design
1. Data in experimental research must be C. discontinuous panel
able to be D. exploratory panel
A. quantified
5. In which of the following situations should
B. reorganised exploratory research be used?
C. reevaluated
A. when experimentation is needed
D. none of above
B. to define terms
2. Experimental research is completed in a C. in situations in which all of the con-
environment. cepts are clearly defined and measured
A. controlled D. to determine how variable x causes
B. scientific variable y
C. educational 6. What are the two basic types of stud-
D. none of above ies that are categorized as descriptive re-
search?
3. Appropriate methods for conducting ex-
A. focus groups and case analysis
ploratory research would include:
B. longitudinal studies and case analysis
A. secondary data analysis
C. focus groups and cross-sectional stud-
B. experiments
ies
C. sample surveys
D. longitudinal studies and cross-
D. longitudinal research sectional studies
4. What type of panel should be used in 7. Which of the following is true about re-
brand-switching studies? search design?
A. continuous panel A. Research design should be the first
B. inquisitional panel consideration in a research project.

4.1 Need for Research design 179
B. Research design should be selected B. a telephone survey

after thoroughly considering the problem C. a mail survey
and research objectives.

D. an experiment
C. Research design should be selected
during the initial meeting with a client. 12. Small groups of people brought together
D. Research designs should be made af- and guided by a moderator through an un-
ter data collection. structured, spontaneous discussion for the
purpose of gaining information relevant to
8. Descriptive studies are conducted to: the research problem can be categorized
A. Answer in quantitative form who, what, under which type of research design?
when, where, and how questions A. exploratory research
B. specify the causality in the problem B. causal research
C. describe previous findings in similar C. deductive research
problems
D. exploitive research
D. none of above
13. Quantitative research is a means
9. The various types of research design in-
clude: A. For exploring and understanding the
meaning individuals or groups ascribe to
A. exploratory, exploitive, and competi-
a social or human problem.
tive
B. For testing objectives theories by ex-
B. deductive, descriptive, and exploitive
amining the relationship among variables.
C. exploratory, causal, and competitive These variables, in turn, can be mea-
D. exploratory, descriptive, and causal sured, typically on instruments, so that
numbered data can be analysed using sta-
10. Survey design is: tistical procedures.
A. To test the impact of a treatment (or C. Is an approach to inquiry that com-
an intervention) on an outcome, control- bines or associate both qualitative and
ling for all other factors that might influ- quantitative forms.
ence that come.
D. none of above
B. Provides a quantitative or numeric de-
scription of trends, attitudes, or opinions 14. A panel of respondents is often used in
of a population by studying a sample of which type of study?
that population. A. longitudinal
C. Investigators identify a sample and
B. cross-sectional
generalize to a population.
C. sample surveys
D. none of above
D. case analysis
11. “Knowledge Networks Agency” provides
clients with access to Latino households 15. If the research objective is to gain back-
who have agreed to answer research ques- ground information, it is likely that the
tions sent to them by Knowledge Net- most appropriate research design would
works. This service is called: be:
A. a panel A. exploitive

4.1 Need for Research design 180
B. exhaustive 19. In qualitative interviews,

C. deductive A. The researcher takes field notes on
the behaviour and activities of individuals
D. exploratory at the research site.
16. Independent variables are B. The researcher conduct face-to-face
interview with participants, interview par-
A. Those that (probably) cause, influence, ticipants by telephone, or engages in fo-
or affect outcomes. They are also called cus group interviews, with six to eight in-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
treatment, manipulated, antecedent or terviewee in each group.
predictor variables.
C. The researcher often engage in multi-
B. Those that depend on the independent ple observations.
variables; they are the outcomes or re-
D. none of above
sults of the influence of the independent
variables. 20. What type of research design should a re-
C. New variables constructed by a researcher use if he or she wishes to deter-
searcher by taking one variable and multi- mine the effect of a change in price on the
plying it by another to determine the joint sales of a particular brand?
impact of both. A. causal
D. none of above B. exploitive
C. longitudinal
17. Which of the following is the best descrip-
tion of research design? D. exploratory
A. set of advance decisions that makes up 21. The purpose of literature review
the master plan specifying the methods A. To provide measures or observations
and procedures for collecting and analyz- for testing a theory.
ing the needed information
B. To generalize from a sample to a pop-
B. the specific pieces of information are ulation so that inferences can be made
necessary to solve the problem at hand about some characteristic, attitude, or be-
C. set of advance decisions that are made haviour of this population.
after the data have been collected in or- C. Helps to determine whether the topic
der to determine how the data will be an- is worth studying, and it provides insight
alyzed into ways in which the researcher can
limit the scope to a needed area of inquiry.
D. none of above
18. What type of panel asks the panel mem- D. none of above
bers the same questions on each panel
22. What type of research is unstructured and
measurement?
informal?
A. inquisitional panel A. deductive
B. discontinuous panel B. causal
C. repeatability panel C. exploratory
D. continuous panel D. exploitive

4.2 Features of a good design 181
23. The research problem searcher propose for their studies.

A. Is related to a concept or phenomenon C. Is a strategy of inquiry in which the re-

needs to be understood because little researcher derives a general, abstract the-
search has been done on it. ory of a process, action, or interaction
B. Involve the forms of data collec- grounded in the views of participants.
tion, analysis and interpretation that re- D. none of above
4.2 Features of a good design

1. is highlighting or drawing your atten- 5. A two or more dimensional area that
tion to some aspect of a scene or subject stands out from the space around it.
A. Balance Height + Width
B. Unity A. Shape
C. Contrast B. Color
D. Emphasis C. Unity
2. This principle can be defined as:the rela- D. Movement
tionship among the elements of a visual
that helps all the elements function to- 6. Is the relationship of sizes between differ-
gether. ent parts of a work
A. unity A. Proportion
B. form B. Texture
C. shape C. Balance
D. balance D. Movement
3. is the repetition or alternation of el-
ements, often with defined intervals be- 7. refers to the lightness or darkness of
tween them. can create a sense of a color.
movement, and can establish pattern and A. Shape
texture.
B. Value
A. pattern
C. Intensity
B. value
D. Texture
C. emphasis
D. rhythm 8. What element of design that is defined by
boundaries, such as a lines or color, and
4. If the elements of art are the ingredients
they are often used to emphasize a por-
of art, of design are the recipes that
tion of the page?
describe how to combine them
A. Color A. shape
B. Principles B. line
C. Form C. texture
D. Line D. color

4.3 Different research designs 182
9. occurs when all of the elements com- 14. What is the most obvious elements of de-
bine to make a balanced, harmonious, com- sign?
plete WHOLE. A. color
A. Rhythm
B. shape
B. Emphasis
C. line
C. Unity
D. texture
D. Contrast
NARAYAN CHANGDER
15. may be geometric (square, circle, etc)
10. refers to the area around a shape or
or organic (free form). They are flat and
form.
can express length and width.
A. space
A. Shapes
B. color
B. Value
C. unity
C. Intensity
D. emphasis
D. Texture
11. The area around or between elements in a
design. 16. In design, there are 3 main types of bal-
ance:1) 2) asymmetrical3) radial
A. Space
B. Texture A. symmetrical
C. Balance B. weighted
D. Color C. tip of the nose
D. pan
12. A is an area that stands out from the
space next to or around it due to a defined 17. What is the first and most basic element
or implied boundary, or because of differ- of design?
ences of value, color, or texture.*hint-two
dimensional A. line
A. shape B. shape
B. form C. color
C. emphasis D. size
D. value 18. is the equal distribution of visual
13. How a fabric feels or looks. weight in a design.
A. Rough A. emphasis
B. Texture B. balance
C. Slick C. space
D. Shiny D. value
4.3 Different research designs

1. Which of the following is a benefit of con- C. determine causal relationships.

ducting qualitative research? D. determine if experimental treatments

A. You can do in depth exploration of real work.
life experiences
6. Which of the following is an example of
B. You can collect data from a large sam- experimental research?
ple quickly
A. descriptive research
C. You do not need to do a literature re-
B. quasi-experimental research
view
C. survey research
D. correlational research
2. Which of the following research designs is
7. What are the examples of instruments?
the gold standard for research studies that
involve an intervention? A. Questionnaire
A. Non-experimental Descriptive. B. References
B. Non experimental Correlational. C. Tables and graphs
C. Randomized Controlled Trials. D. Quotations
D. Quasi-experimental. 8. Correlation studies must include

A. two or more levels of independent vari-
3. Of the following, all are examples of dif-
able.
ficulties faced by survey researchers as
noted in your text EXCEPT B. two or more variables and one group.
A. surveys aren’t often used in educa- C. three or more variables and two
tional research groups.
B. development of a questionnaire is dif- D. one independent variable and two de-
ficult. pendent variables
C. response rates are often low. 9. When high scores on one variable are as-
D. people don’t like to complete surveys. sociated with low scores on the other vari-
ables, a exists.
4. It is used to quantify the problem by way A. positive correlation
of generating numerical data that can be
B. negative correlation
transformed into usable statistics.
C. no correlation
A. Quantitative Research
D. perfect positive correlation
B. Qualitative Research
C. Data 10. Identify the independent variable in this
research study:In school-age children with
D. Sample asthma, is anger a trigger for an asthmatic
attack?
5. Correlational studies are used primarily to
A. Age.
A. examine relationships among vari-
ables. B. Anger.
B. examine if differences between C. Children.
groups exist. D. Asthmatic attack.

11. In experimental studies, but NOT in other B. Do parents believe that the new middle
studies, school science club is worth the funds the
A. the researcher manipulates the depen- district spent?
dent variables. C. What are the experience of ten-year-
B. the researcher manipulates the inde- old students at the summer science day
pendent variables. camp held at the university?
C. the researcher tries to eliminate the D. Is there a relationship between sci-
effects of extraneous variables. ence self-efficacy and students’ science
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. the researcher examines a priori dif- grades in eleventh grade?
ferences between groups.
16. What is the difference between quasi-
12. Compared to all other types of research, experimental and non-experimental:correlational
experimental research research design?
A. requires greater number of partici- A. There is no intervention in quasi-
pants. experimental research design.
B. provides evidence concerning cause- B. There is no intervention in correla-
effect relationships. tional research design.
C. measures dependent and independent C. There is randomization in quasi-
variables. experimental research design.
D. collects samples to generalize to pop- D. There is randomization in correlational
ulations. research design.
13. Survey data are often collected via which
of the following? 17. Of the following research topics, which
is most likely to represent a correlation
A. standardized tests. study?
B. ability measures.
A. The mathematics activities found in a
C. questionnaires. sixth-grade math class.
D. observations. B. The teaching philosophy of a new
14. What happens when there is a correlation mathematics teacher.
between variables? C. The predictive ability of mathematics
A. The variable investigated causes ef- grades in later math class enrollment
fects D. The differences in mathematics
B. The values between variables are as- grades based upon parents’ educational
sociated level.
C. One variable tends to increase
18. What is sampling?
D. One variable tends to decrease
A. Selecting a subset of the population
15. Of the following, which is most likely a
B. Investigating the whole population
survey research topic?
C. Involving a large number of people
A. Is there a gender difference in science
achievement on The Programme for Inter- D. Specifying the subject we are inter-
national Student Assessment (PISA)? ested to investigate

19. The following statements describes the 21. What is meant by “a population”?
characteristics of a quantitative research
A. A group of people who share common
study EXCEPT

characteristics
A. The purpose is to examine relation-
ships among variables. B. A group of people who are involved in
the study
B. The purpose is to describe new situa-
tion, events or concepts. C. A group of researchers
C. The purpose is to describe life experi- D. A group of research assistant
ences.
D. The purpose is to generate numerical 22. One similarity between causal-
information through an objective process. comparative and correlational research is
that both
20. Ex post facto research is a term generally
used to describe research. A. can determine causal events.
A. descriptive B. can be treated as a type of descriptive
B. correlational research.
C. causal-comparative C. attempt to establish causes.

D. experimental D. rely on the same research procedures.

5. Development of research proposal
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5.1 Parts of a Research Proposal
1. You can do these with research except A. Abstract
A. Correlate B. Description of the project problem
B. Define C. Referencing and citation
C. Control D. The original contribution to knowledge
D. none of above 5. Role of hypothesis is very important be-
2. A critical component of your manuscript fore
well before your manuscript is published A. Selection of problem
A. Template B. Data collection
B. Title C. Preparing research report
C. Topic D. Drawn Conclusion
D. none of above 6. Defined as an area of concern, a gap in
the existing knowledge, or a deviation in
3. It describes past important researches and
the norm or standard that points to the
how they specifically relate to the re-
need for further understanding and inves-
search thesis. It is a synthesis of the pre-
tigation.
vious literature and the new idea being re-
searched. A. Introduction
A. References B. Significance of the Study
B. Methodology C. Statement of the Problem
C. Review of Related Literature D. Conclusion
D. Backround of the Study 7. Also known as longitudinal or repeated-
measures studies
4. How your project will make an origi-
nal contribution to knowledgeshould be in A. Experimental
which part of the proposal? B. Descriptive

5.1 Parts of a Research Proposal 187
C. Phenomenology 13. It is where the researcher introduces the

D. none of above overview of the topic, the main points of
information, and why the subject is impor-

8. What characteristics should research verbs tant.
have?
A. Abstract
A. They should start with infinitive
B. Recommendation
B. They should focus on the process of
C. Conclusion
knowledge generation
C. They should say the knowledge gained D. Introduction
in every stage of the research to answer 14. Which of the following is true of the pur-
the question pose of the study?
D. All
A. It is optional in educational research.
9. It shows the different sections of the re- B. It may be as brief as one sentence or
search paper and the page numbers on as long as a couple of paragraphs.
which they begin.
C. It is written as a question.
A. Definition of Terms
D. It is limited to a one-sentence state-
B. Abstract ment.
C. Table of Contents
15. A good research title mus be
D. References
A. Correlational
10. How many sources of literature may be
B. Modern
collected for writing a research proposal?
A. multiple C. Relevant
B. up to 10 D. none of above
C. 3-4 16. What are the elements of a good theoreti-

D. 1-2 cal framework?
A. It should explain the theories or theory
11. It provides details to the reader on what
that supports the research
and how the study will contribute and who
will benefit from it. B. It may include the definition of main
concepts, but it should be profound
A. Statement of the Problem
B. Backround of the Study C. Authors should be recognized authori-
ties or experts either in the concepts or in
C. Conclusions the theories
D. Significance of the Study D. all
12. Usually needs a sample of hundreds or
17. It deals with the description of the re-
even thousands of subjects
search subject, methods and tools of the
A. Qualitative study, and analysis that was used to sum-
B. Quantitative marize the result of the study
C. Mixed Method A. Methodology
D. none of above B. Backround of the Study

5.1 Parts of a Research Proposal 188
C. Statement of the Problem A. Backround of the Study

D. Abstract B. Statement of the Problem
18. What are the characteristics of a research C. References
question? D. Methodology
A. It includes contructs
23. It is a list of works on a subject or by an au-
B. It may include constructs or variables, thor that were used or consulted to write
intervention, population and context a research paper.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. It may include constructs or variables, A. Review of Related Literature
intervention, sample and context
B. References
D. It may include constructs or hypothe-
sis, intervention, population and context C. Title Page
D. Definition of Terms
19. The overall strategy that you choose to
integrate the different components of the 24. It explains the extent to which the re-
study in a coherent and logical way search area will be explored in the work
A. Research Approach and specifies the parameters within the
study will be operating.
B. Research Design
A. Scope and Limitations
C. Research Problem
D. none of above
C. Recommendation
20. A Way to Organize Your Literature Re-
D. Conclusion
view
A. Do not use single word 25. It is a brief summary of the researcher’s
B. Literature Search main ideas and restates the paper’s main
thesis, giving the reader the sense that the
C. Use quotation when paraphrasing stated goal of the paper has been accom-
D. none of above plished.
21. After defining the topic, problem and justi- A. Introduction

ficition of your research, what should you B. Statement of the Problem
include? C. Conclusion
A. An open-ended research question
D. Recommendation
B. A yes-no research question
26. What is one of the objectives of a research
C. A research question and research ob-
proposal?
jectives
A. to state the conclusions of the study
D. A research question and at least 4 re-
search objectives B. to prepare the reader for changes in
the study
22. This part presents the context of the study,
stating the external factors which gave C. to contain an overview of the study
rise to the research proposal. D. to include revisions

5.2 Hypotheses & Research Questions 189
5.2 Hypotheses & Research Questions

1. Choose the correct descriptive question. C. Relate one or more independent vari-
ables to one or more dependent variables.
A. What do you conclude about the topic?
D. No, this is not the answerxD

B. What would happened if you go?
C. What are the student’s achievement 5. Fulani wants to conduct a survey in Mag-
levels (or grades) in science classes? ellang about teachers’ reading habit and
their reading strategies. What can be pos-
D. What is the problem? sible hypothesis?
2. Raul and Tyree have open cans of soda. A. no hypothesis
The can A is left sitting on the table while B. Ho:there is a correlation between
the other cans B and C are each heated on a eachers’ reading habit and their reading
hot plate. Can B is heated to a much higher strategiesHa:there is no correlation be-
temperature than can C. The students then tween teachers’ reading habit and their
monitored the cans for expansion. What reading strategies
would be a reasonable hypothesis for this
C. Ho:there is no correlation between
experiment?
eachers’ reading habit and their read-
A. Higher temperature causes greater ex- ing strategiesHa:there is a correlation be-
pansion in aluminum cans. tween teachers’ reading habit and their
B. Different sodas cause different reading strategies
amounts of can expansion. D. none of above
C. Aluminum burns when heated on a hot 6. Supposed that a research entitled:” Stu-
plate. dents’ Critical Thinking Dispositions in Crit-
D. Cans expand when heated. ical Reading Class”, thus, the research
questions will be
3. Type of QUALITATIVE central question A. How are the mapping of the students’
A. Ethnography critical thinking dispositions?
B. Null B. How do the students perform their crit-
ical thinking dispositions?
C. Alternative hyphotesis
C. How is the students’ perception to-
D. Nondirectional wards critical thinking dispositions?
4. To write a good quantitative research D. none of above

question and hypotheses it is important 7. Predictions that involve variables and sta-
tistical tests.
A. Not to relate one or more independent A. Central and subquestions
variables to one or more dependent vari-
ables B. Riddle
B. To focus on a single phenomenon or C. Objectives

concept. D. Hypothesis

8. Involve variables and statistical tests. C. Ho:there is competence in Cilacap

A. Central and subquestions teachersHa:there is no competence in
Cilacap teachers
B. Riddle
D. none of above
C. Objectives
D. Hypothesis 12. Which are 2 research question forms?
A. Main questions and hypothesis
9. Will notices that crickets seem to chirp
B. Central question and subquestions
NARAYAN CHANGDER
more frequently at night in June than they
do in October. He asks himself, “How C. Super question and subquestions
do temperature changes affect how often D. Main question and objective
crickets chirp”? If he were to perform
an experiment, which of these statements 13. Plant growth is dependent on the amount
would be the best hypothesis? of fertilizer applied. That was the hypoth-
A. Crickets are inactive in October. esis Mel and Bill decided on for their sci-
ence project. They planted identical seeds
B. Do crickets like warm weather better in the same potting mix, in similar pots.
than cold weather? Each pot received the same amount of wa-
C. Crickets chirp more frequently as tem- ter and all the pots were placed in the
perature increases. same location in the greenhouse. Mel and
Bill’s data was summarized after three
D. Crickets chirp for many reasons, and
weeks. What would be an appropriate re-
temperature is probably one reason.
search question to guide this scientific in-
10. While walking home on a dark night, vestigation?
Joanna saw a bright light in the sky and A. Where do plants grow best?
concluded that it must have been a space-
B. What influences plant growth?
ship from another planet. Which of these
questions could Joanna answer using sci- C. Does varying the amount of fertilizer
entific methods of investigation? influence plant growth?
A. Can aliens read our minds? D. How does location and fertilizer
amounts influence plant growth?
B. Does Joanna actually believe in
aliens? 14. these are types of hypotheses
C. What is the aliens spacecraft made A. null hypothesis
from?
B. rock hypothesis
D. What percent of people in the area saw
a bright light that night? C. supporting hypothesis
D. none of above
11. Marry wants to conduct a survey about
teachers’ teaching competence in Cilacap. 15. Which question would be MOST appropri-
What can be the hypothesis? ate to guide a scientific investigation?
A. no hypothesis A. Which cup material is the best insula-
B. Ho:there is no correlation between tor?
teaching competenceHa:there is correla- B. Which room deodorizer smells the
tion between teaching competence sweetest?

C. What is the effect of playing video A. What do birds eat?

games on memory? B. What type of seeds do birds prefer?

D. In a taste test, which soft drink tasted C. Which seeds do our feeder birds pre-
better, Coke or Pepsi? fer?
16. these are the possible reasons why we use D. Which types of seeds do our feeder
survey study, except birds eat?
A. because it is cost effective 20. A is a prediction of an outcome and the
B. because it helps researcher measure basis for experimentation.
the level of participants’ performance in A. conclusion
certain variables B. constant
C. because this research aims to de- C. hypothesis
scribe the participants’ performance
D. variable
D. because it accommodates researcher
to collect data for a huge number of par- 21. Which word is an example of a verb to use
ticipants in developing quantitative research ques-
tions?
17. these are the steps of hypothesis formula-
A. explore
tion., except..
B. affect
A. determine theory-determine data-
formulate hypothesis C. understand
B. determine theory-set the hypothesis- D. discover
determine research instruments
22. Here are the objectives of survey study,
C. observing phenomena-predicting except
hypothesis-conceptualising theory A. to analyse students’ language learning
D. none of above strategies
18. hypothesis work to a survey based re- B. to develop students’ language learning
search which has strategies
C. to describe students’ language learn-
A. one variable
ing strategies
B. two variable
D. none of above
C. no variable
23. Sam is studying the effects of temperature
D. none of above change on a specific enzyme, c at al as e
19. Mrs. Roberts’ class was designing science . This enzyme is found in cells and helps
experiments. Carl and his partner decided break down hydrogen peroxide. As part
to use the outdoor classroom as their lab- of her project, she measures the rate at
oratory. Since there was a bird feeder which hydrogen peroxide is broken down
in the outdoor classroom, they decided to by catalase at 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees
design an experiment about the feeding C.Which question BEST describes Sam’s sci-
habits of birds in their area.Which ques- ence research project?
tion would be MOST appropriate to guide A. How are enzymes affected by changing
the scientific investigation? temperature?

B. Is catalase able to function at all tem- 27. Demographic variables are often used as
peratures?
C. How is the enzyme catalase affected A. independent variables
by changes in temperature? B. dependent variables
D. Can cells survive if the temperature C. moderating variables
falls to 20 degrees Celsius? D. mediating variables
24. Which word is an example of an ex- 28. Read the next definition:“The investigator
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ploratory verb to use in developing qual- makes a prediction (higher, more change)
itative research questions? about something basing this prediction on
A. determine studies”. To what type of Hypothesis
forms does this definition belong to?
B. influence
A. Alternative or directional
C. impact B. Null
D. discover C. Ethnography
25. these are the examples of null hypothesis D. Subquestions
are 29. What is a central question?
A. there is correlation A. It narrows the focus of the study but
B. there is no correlation leave open the questioning
C. it does not correlate B. It defines what the research study

hopes to learn.
D. none of above
C. A broad question that asks for an ex-
26. During chemistry class your teacher chal- ploration of the central phenomenon or
lenged you to dissolve four salts as quickly concept in a study.
as possible in a specific volume of water. D. A prediction the researcher makes
Each group had to pick a variable to test, a about the expected relationships among
variable that would speed up the dissolv- variables
ing process. Each group had to design an
30. Sam and his Dad were trying to combat the
experiment using the steps of the scien-
fire ants in the backyard. They tried sev-
tific method. The teacher began the ex-
eral brands of fire ant “killing” chemicals
periment with the research question:How
but none worked. Finally, Sam’s Dad de-
can you speed up the dissolution of salt
cided to try an old-time idea:pouring grits
in water. Your group stated:If the wa-
on the mounds. What question could be
ter temperature increases, the dissolving
used to guide Sam’s study of fire ants?
time of the four salts will decrease. Your
statement can BEST be described as your A. Why is it so difficult to kill fire ants?
group’s B. If grits are poured in a fire ant mound,
A. hypothesis then the ants will die.
C. Do grits work better at killing fire ants
B. law
than commercial products?
C. theory
D. Will ants eat grits and die when grits
D. variable are poured in a fire ant mound?

31. Qualitative Questions Specify the and B. Did an ice age kill off the mastodons?
the for the study C. What caused the extinction of the di-

A. Specify the time and the date for the nosaurs?
study D. Are all people susceptible to the Han-
B. Specify the gender and the race for the tavirus?
study
36. Susie places 3 beakers in the freezer. The
C. Specify the participants and the re- first beaker contains water only, the sec-
search site for the study ond contains water and salt, and the third
D. none of above contains a water and sugar solution. Susie
recorded the temperature and the time at
32. Hypothesis is defined as which each mixture froze. Which is the
A. a research statement most appropriate hypothesis for her ex-
periment?
B. a research questions
A. Salt affects the freezing point of water.
C. a prediction statement
D. none of above
B. The addition of salt raises the freezing
33. Null, alternative, and non-directional are point of water.
forms of C. The addition of a sugar lowers the
A. Research questions freezing point of water.
B. Objectives D. The addition of different substances af-
fects the freezing point of water.
C. Hypothesis
D. Central questions 37. According to the scientific method, how
would you test a hypothesis?
34. John and Sven were walking down the
A. use false data
street when they noticed a cat being
chased by a dog. Eventually, the cat ran B. communicate your results to others
up a tree. The dog tried and tried to climb C. design and conduct an experiment
the tree, but was unsuccessful. The dog
D. collect information on the Internet
left and the cat climbed down, safe.What
is the BEST question to help John and 38. these are the criteria of good hypothesis,
Sven answer what just happened scientif- except
ically?
A. it must be testable
A. Why do dogs chase cats? B. it must complex
B. How are dogs and cats different? C. it must be specific
C. Are cats genetically programmed to D. none of above
climb trees?
D. What traits allows cats to climb trees 39. Qualitative questions include
better than dogs? A. Social research/surveys
35. Which question can be answered by an ex- B. Prediction of outcomes
periment? C. Numeric from data collected
A. Do sugar substitutes cause cancer? D. Experiments or Intervention

5.3 Development of objectives 194
40. Joanna has been growing tomatoes. She B. experimented

noticed that the tomato plants close to the C. hypothesized
busy street did not produce nearly as many
tomatoes as the plants which were closer D. collected data
to her house. Which of these would be a
44. In the model for descriptive questions and
question she could ask to help investigate
hypotheses. Which are the two different
what has happened with the tomatoes?
types of question?
A. Why do tomatoes grow best near the
A. Alternative or directional, Null
NARAYAN CHANGDER
house?
B. Do tomato plants grow better with lots B. Ethnography and subquestions
of water? C. Descriptive and inferential
C. Does the exhaust from cars affect the D. Central question and Non-directional
growth of tomatoes?
D. Will tomato plants become bigger if 45. Mixed Method Research:Which is NOT a
given more fertilizer? MIXED METHOD question type
A. The qualitative question
41. how to generate a hypothesis?
B. The quantitative question/hypothesis
A. inductive & deductive
C. The investigative question
B. insidious & incidentals
D. The mixed-methods question
C. inductive & degenerative
D. none of above 46. Dr. LA will post a Sign-up Genius by Thurs-
day morning for everyone to
42. Which problem can NOT be answered by
experiment? A. Schedule an optional 15 minute consul-
tation during Week 6 or 7
A. Do ultraviolet rays cause skin cancer?
B. Schedule their final oral exam
B. Does a certain drug kill the AIDS virus? C. Schedule when each student will
present in class
C. Which wavelength of light has the D. Schedule a personal mindfulness exer-
most energy? cise = )
D. Did continental drift cause the extinc- 47. survey study is close to
tion of the megalodon?
A. case study
43. If a student notices that frogs are all gath-
B. measurement
ering at one end of the pond the student
has done what? C. photo voices
A. observed D. none of above
5.3 Development of objectives

5.4 Characteristics of objectives. 195
1. Choose why rationale/justification is re- B. limitation of your study

quired in the research background.
C. scope of your study

A. to let the readers pay attention to your
topic or the issue you want to study or ad- D. previous studies’ contribution
dress
3. What is “Research Background”
B. to make the readers less aware about
your topic A. goes beyond the context of your topic
C. to show the broad view on the topic B. specific information about your topic
D. none of above C. is an overview of your topic
2. SIGNIFICANCE is about D. is the methodology process used in
A. Novelty of your study your study
5.4 Characteristics of objectives.

1. ILSOPA/ Research Process D. cyclical
A. Initiate, Locate, Select, Organize, 5. The following show the importance of re-
Present, Assess search except one.
B. Initiate, Locate, Sort, Organize, A. to obtain academic degree
Present, Assess
B. to solve a problem
C. Initiate, Locate, Select, Organize, Pro-
duce, Assess C. to define the objectives
D. Initiate, Locate, Select, Organize, D. to learn from facts

Present, Assimilate 6. based on valid procedures
2. The last part of the research process is A. logical
A. Initiate B. analytical
B. Assess C. critical
C. Organize D. methodical
D. Select 7. exhibits careful judgments
3. How can I communicate my research? A. analytical
A. Initiate B. logical
B. Select C. critical
C. Present D. replicabiliity
D. Locate 8. based on direct experience/ observation
4. based on valid principles A. empirical
A. empirical B. cyclical
B. logical C. logical
C. methodical D. analytical

5.5 Development of hypotheses and applications 196
9. starts with a problem and ends with an- 10. using systematic procedures
other problem
A. empirical
A. critical
B. critical
B. cyclical
C. analytical C. logical
D. methodical D. methodical
NARAYAN CHANGDER
5.5 Development of hypotheses and applications
1. The variable which become the primary in- 4. A manager of an insurance company finds
terest to the researcher is called as? that “fear appeals” in commercials are
A. Independent Variable positively associated withconsumers’ be-
havioral intentions to insure their house.
B. Dependent Variable This effect is particularly strong for people
C. Mediating Variable with ahigh inherent level of anxiety.How
many variables are there in the case?
D. Moderating Variable
A. 3
2. how to write a null hypotheses
B. 4
A. imagine what would happen with
no/very little effect found of IV & DV C. 5
B. add “ any relationship found will be D. 6

due to chance “ after something weird
5. what is a hypotheses?
C. write the negative of the alternative
A. statements of predicted outcomes
hypothesis
based on the theory being tested
D. write a non directional hypotheses
then add “ any relationship found will be B. aim of the study
due to chance “ after it C. out comes of another study used to
create a statement of predicted outcomes
3. A students was doing an experiment us- based on the theory being tested
ing the scientific method. Every three
days the student plans to count the green D. none of above
leaves. Which would be a good hypothesis
6. Lemon trees receiving the most water pro-
for this experiment?
duced the most lemons.What is the depen-
A. If plants are placed in direct sunlight, dent variable (what is measured)?
then they will grow more green leaves.
A. Amount of lemons
B. Plants in places in bright light will grow
more green leaves than in dim light. B. Salt or fresh water
C. If plants are place in clay pots, then C. Amount of water

they will grow more green leaves than D. Type of citrus
plastic pots.
7. The independent variable is
D. If plants are in warmer temperatures,
then they will grow more green leaves. A. the part the scientist measures

5.5 Development of hypotheses and applications 197
B. the part the scientist changes or is D. Amount of water

testing, do not depend in any other vari-
able 11. Variable that influences the dependent

variable in either apositive or negative
C. a letter way is called as?
D. none of above A. Moderating Variable
8. A marketing manager believes that limit- B. Independent Variable
ing the availability of a product increases C. Mediating Variable
product desirability.What is the dependent
variable here? D. Dependent Variable
A. marketing manager 12. “an idea that proposes a tentative expla-
B. limiting the availability of a product nation about a phenomenon or a narrow
set of phenomena observed in the natural
C. increases
world “
D. product desirability
A. Conclusion
9. A manager of an insurance company finds B. Results
that “fear appeals” in commercials are
C. Methodology
positively associated withconsumers’ be-
havioral intentions to insure their house. D. hypothesis
This effect is particularly strong for people
13. When is a hypothesis written?
with ahigh inherent level of anxiety.What
is the independent variable here? A. before you decide on a question
A. manager of an insurance company B. after the experiment
B. fear appeals” in commercials C. before the experiment
C. consumers’ behavioral intentions to in- D. after the conclusion
sure their house
14. Research in behavioral finance has shown
D. inherent level of anxiety that overconfidence can cause investors to
10. The height of bean plants depends on the under react to new information.What is
amount of water they receive.What is the the dependent variable in this case?
independent variable? A. behavioral finance
A. Height of plants B. overconfidence
B. Condition of soil C. under react to new information
C. Salt or fresh water D. none of above

6. Methods of data collection
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6.1 Concept of sampling and other concepts related to
sampling
1. Which of the following is NOT a step in the 4. Identify the type of sampling tech-
research process? niques”The office clerk gave the re-
searcher a list of 500 Grade 11 students.
A. design study
The researcher selected every 20th name
B. collect data on the list.”
C. take a course in research A. Simple Random Sampling
D. inter prate data B. Systematic Sampling
C. Stratified Sampling
2. You are looking for a tall young malay man
D. Cluster Sampling
who is studying in CFS. Luckily, Zairul is
your classmate. Hence you pass your sur- 5. Theory which believes some areas of so-
vey to him. This is ciology can be measured scientifically and
A. Convenience Sampling some can’t, so they rely on methodologi-
cal plurality to collect both qualitative and
B. Snowball Sampling quantitative data.
C. Purposive Sampling A. Realism
D. Accidental Sampling B. Interpretivism
C. Positivism
3. Data can be collected using
D. none of above
A. Self observation
6. What is a random sample?
B. Secondary data for example financial
data A. when every nth member of a target
population is selected
C. Online Survey
B. The sample reflects the proportions of
D. All of the above people in subgroups with a population

6.1 Concept of sampling and other concepts related to sampling 199
C. All members of the target population A. Simple Random Sample

have an equal chance of being picked B. Stratified Random Sample

D. Selection is from people who are eas- C. Cluster Random Sample
ily available
D. Systematic Random Sampling
7. Who did an ethnographic study using, on
female bodybuilders? 12. It is the process of choosing samples from
a population.
A. Zadesh
A. Sample
B. Bunsell (2013)
B. Population
C. Roseneil
C. Sampling
D. none of above
D. none of above
8. when the sampling frame is subdivided
13. Sampling method based upon LOCATION
and the sample is randomly chosen from
and you randomly pick a location and sam-
these sub samples
ple all there
A. Systematic
A. Stratified Sampling
B. Stratified B. Simple Random Sampling (SRS)
C. Snowball C. Cluster Sampling
D. none of above D. Systematic Sampling
9. This occurs when sampling procedures em- 14. Which is an example of non-probability
ployed in a study favor certain individuals sampling?
or groups over others.
A. cluster sampling
A. Sampling bias
B. Lottery method
B. Fallacy
C. Population Bias
D. Table of random numbers
D. Generalization
15. This sample is selected by dividing the pop-
10. The researcher has a clear idea of the sam- ulation into subgroups and then taking a
ple and they pick participants that meet fixed number of units from each group us-
their critera ing the simple random sample.
A. Random A. stratified
B. Quota B. cluster
C. volunteer C. judgment
D. none of above D. experimental
11. An independent research company wants 16. A researcher wants to understand more
to go door to door to survey people in the about the coping strategies of nurses
city of Fontana. The company decides to working in busy hospitals at night. It is
number all blocks within the city limit, ran- not possible, financially or practically to
domly choose 1 block and survey all house- visit every hospital in country. The re-
holds on that block. This is an example of: searcher decides to choose several specific

geographical locations and then obtain list 20. A teacher splits her classes up by period.
of all hospitals within each location. She then randomly picks 3 students from
each period to do a survey.
A. Stratified.
B. systematic sampling
B. Systematic
C. stratified sampling
C. Cluster
D. cluster sampling
D. Biased.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
17. Any action that a researcher has taken in a
study to minimize or eliminate the effects 21. Each student at a school has a student
of extraneous variables. identification number. Counselors have a
computer generate 50 random identifica-
A. Control tion numbers and those students are asked
B. Blind procedure to take a survey. What type of sampling
method is being used?
C. Ethical consideration
A. Simple Random Sampling
D. Generalizability
B. Stratified Random Sampling
18. Which of the following is TRUE? C. Cluster Random Sampling
A. In a multi-stage random sample, all in- D. Systematic Random Sampling
dividuals and all subsets of the sample
size have an equal chance of being se- 22. Why do we randomly select our samples?
lected.
A. to control every aspect
B. In a stratified random sample, all indi-
B. reduce bias
viduals and all subsets of the sample size
have an equal chance of being selected. C. so we don’t get the same answers
from everyone
C. In a cluster random sample, all indi-
viduals and all subsets of the sample size D. because it is easier to do
have an equal chance of being selected.
23. *A researcher wants to find out about
D. In a simple random sample, all individ- the lunch time eating habits of workers
uals and all subsets of the sample size in a particular car factory. She obtains a
have an equal chance of being selected. list of all employees, chooses a starting
number, chooses an interval number and
19. Indicate a suitable type of research then works through the list, developing
design for the following research her sample list from the employees that
project:Research Project:“How does the appear at the correct interval on the list.
image of the ideal man influences the
male population between the ages 20 and A. simple random sampling
35?” B. systematic sampling
A. Qualitative-Exploratory C. stratified sampling
B. Quantitative-Descriptive D. cluster sampling
C. Quantitative-Causal
24. Which category of sampling is used when
D. none of above the probability of selecting each individual

in a population is known and every mem- 29. What is a volunteer sample?

ber of the population has an equal chance A. Every person in the population has an
of being selected?

equal chance of being selected
A. probability sampling B. People respond to an advert
B. nonprobability sampling
C. The sample reflects the sub-groups in
C. both probability and nonprobability a population
sampling could be correct
D. People who are easily available are
D. neither probability nor nonprobability used
sampling could be correct
30. Marshall intends to collect a systematic
25. Which of the following is not a sampling sample of 300 people in a population of
technique for non-probability sampling? 6000. He/she numbers each element
A. Chain Sampling of the population from 1-6000 and will
choose every individual to be a part
B. Consecutive Sampling
of the sample .
C. Cluster Sampling
A. 10th
D. Quota Sampling
B. 200th
26. Please categorize the books based on sub- C. 20th
ject area.
D. 31st
A. classify
B. count 31. Sampling method that consists of n individ-
uals from the population chosen in such a
C. mark way that every individual has an EQUAL
D. arrange chance of being selected.
27. A large-scale, structured research instru- A. Stratified Sampling

ment, usually in the form of a question- B. Simple Random Sampling (SRS)
naire delivered either face-to-face with re- C. Cluster Sampling
spondents or completed by respondents in
the absence of the researcher. D. Systematic Sampling
A. structured interview 32. It will provide structure to the research at
B. Social survey hand
C. questionnaire A. Research design
D. none of above B. objective
C. hypothesis
28. When a population is naturally grouped,
selecting subgroups and omitting the other D. none of above
groups is an example of
33. A type of research method that inves-
A. simple random sampling tigates the strength of relationships be-
B. cluster sampling tween co-variables.
C. convenience sampling A. Correlational study
D. stratified sampling B. Field method

C. Case study 39. In this type of sampling, samples are

mainly based on ease of access. Instead
D. Quasi-experiment
of the researcher choosing participants and
directly contacting them, people volunteer
34. Bases its research method on a scientific
themselves.
activity called experiment
A. convenience sampling
A. Non-experimental
B. voluntary response sampling
B. Experimental
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. purposive sampling
C. Correlative
D. snowball sampling
D. none of above
40. A is a large group that includes every-
35. Name the islands that constitute the town thing being studied.
of Hundred Islands in Pangasinan A. Sample
A. represent B. Stratified Sampling Method
B. advertise C. Population
C. compose D. Voluntary-Response
D. popularize 41. Students getting grades of 75, 82, 88, 92,

and 96 belong to a heterogeneous group;
36. Factors such as time, money or limited the same grade of 95-96, to a homoge-
access which will restrict the researcher nous group
when carrying out their study. A. varied abilities
A. Validity B. little ability
B. Practice issues C. same abilities
C. reliability D. zero ability
D. none of above 42. Sixteen classes are randomly selected

from a school. Each of the students from
37. Which of the following is not a quantita- selected classes is given a survey question-
tive research design? naire to answer.
A. Descriptive research design A. Systematic sampling
B. Correlational research design B. Stratified sampling
C. Experimental research design C. Simple random sampling

D. Cluster Sampling
D. Case Studies
43. What is a method of sampling in which
38. A detailed study of one particular group. the first participant is selected using sim-
A. Case study ple random sampling, and then every nth
person until all participants have been se-
B. experiment lected?
C. Ethnography A. simple random sampling
D. none of above B. cluster sampling

C. stratified random sampling C. stratified

D. systematic sampling D. systematic

44. Truthfulness and accuracy of data gathered 49. The ability to repeat research and ob-
using qualitative methods. tain the same results. Data is gathered
A. Qualitative data through quantitative methods.
A. Representativeness
B. Validity
B. Reliability
C. Representativeness
C. Generalisability
D. Generalisability
D. Objectivity
45. A type of sampling method where the
researchers conduct their study on peo- 50. Identify the type of sampling technique”A
ple who are available at the time of the researcher interviewed all the top 10
study. Grade 11 students in each of 15 ran-
domly selected private schools in Metro
A. Random sampling
Manila.”
B. Opportunity sampling
C. Self-selected sampling
B. Systematic Sampling
D. Purposive sampling C. Stratified Sampling
46. If we took the 400 people making up a D. Cluster Sampling
local corporation, divided them by gender,
and then took a random sample of females 51. Identify the type of sampling technique”A
and a random sampling of males, the vari- researcher selected a sample of n=120
able on which we divided the population is from a population of 850 by using the Ta-
called the ble of Random Numbers.”
A. stratification variable A. Simple Random Sampling
B. systematic variable B. Systematic Sampling
C. selection variable C. Stratified Sampling
D. sampling variable D. Cluster Sampling

52. Give him more time to mull over your pro-
47. The cabinet members are ready to tackle
posal
issues propounded by the businessmen.
A. remember
A. questioned
B. question
B. forwarded for mailing
C. criticize
C. contrasted
D. ponder
D. written for recording
53. Numerous stars blossom in the sky.
48. Units of the population are ordered in
some fashion. Usually, every k-th unit is A. glittering
chosen. B. a big number
A. proportional C. twinkling
B. probable D. a small number of

54. Indicate a suitable type of research 58. Give the mendicant on the street food
design for the following research rather than money.
project:Research Project:“Consumer’s A. janitor
preferences regarding the new Mageu
health product in the Durban area” B. beggar
A. Qualitative-Exploratory C. street laborer

D. street vendor
B. Quantitative-Descriptive
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Quantitative-Causal 59. The differences between participants that
may affect the results of a study.
D. none of above
A. Participant variability
55. What is a sample? B. Extraneous variable
A. A group of people who take part in re- C. Ethical consideration
search
D. Generalizability
B. A group of people who a researcher
wants to study 60. A type of sampling method where the re-
searchers advertise the study and partici-
C. The methods used to select participants volunteer to participate.
pants
A. Random sampling
D. The extent to which findings can be
B. Opportunity sampling
generalised
C. Self-selected sampling/ Volunteer
56. Political webpages often allow read- sampling
ers to rate (if they want to) whether
D. Purposive sampling
they strongly agree, agree, disagree, or
strongly disagree with the President’s de- 61. Which sampling is mostly affected from be-
cision on any given situation. This is a ing bias?
form of:
A. lottery method
A. Self-Selected B. convenience sampling
B. Convenience Sampling C. snowball sampling
C. Simple Random Sampling D. cluster sampling
D. Systematic Random Sampling
62. Which of these is NOT an example of a sec-
57. Which type of sampling method is obtained ondary source?
by selecting one unit on a random basis A. Newspaper articles
and choosing additional elementary units B. Diary entry
at evenly spaced intervals until the desired
number of units is obtained? C. Encyclopedia
A. Simple Random Sampling D. Textbook
B. Systematic Random Sampling 63. Method mainly used by researching de-

viant or hard to access groups. One con-
C. Cluster Sampling
tact will recruit other participants (and so
D. Random Sampling on)

A. Systematic A. surveying a random sample of employ-

B. Snowball ees from a list of all employees

C. Stratified B. inviting all employees to indicate their
choices by e-mail
D. none of above
C. placing suggestion boxes at random lo-
64. You are doing a research on Malaysians cations in the company’s plant and offices
and their perception on recycling. You di-
vided the population according to race and D. assembling a group with one member
choose your sample according to this divi- from each department and recording thep-
sion. You have a Chinese friend and passes references of these employees
the survey to him to fill the allocation for
Chinese participants. What sampling tech- 68. Interview every 10th student who enters
nique is this? the school in the morning.
A. Quota Sampling A. simple random
B. Stratified Random Sampling B. voluntary response
C. Purposive Sampling C. systematic
D. Snowball Sampling D. convenience
65. A type of sampling that involves dividing 69. To estimate the total amount of unpaid bal-
the population into subgroups, but each ances of their customers, a convenience
subgroup should have similar characteris- store selected using the lottery method
tics to the whole sample. 100 customers from their list of charge ac-
counts.
B. systematic sampling
B. Stratified sampling
C. stratified sampling
C. Simple random sampling
D. cluster sampling
D. Cluster Sampling
66. In which of the following sampling meth-
ods does each member of the population 70. An initial run-through of procedures on a
have an equal chance of being selected into much smaller scale. This is designed to
the sample? save time and money by identifying any
flaws in the procedures.
A. simple random sample
A. Hawthorne effect
B. proportional stratified sample
B. Pilot study
C. systematic sample with a random
starting point C. Overt observation
D. all of the above D. Participant observation
67. A large corporation wants to find out 71. Which of the following statements is true
which benefits plan its employees would regarding the sample size you need in a
prefer. Whichprocedure would be most research study?
likely to obtain a statistically unbiased A. You should include 10% of the popula-
sample? tion in your sample.

B. The more categories or breakdowns 76. Data which is accurate, valid and ex-
you want to make in your data analysis, pressed in word form. It takes feelings
the smaller the sample size needed. and emotion into account.
C. The more homogeneous the popula- A. Qualitative data
tion the larger the sample size needed. B. Quantitative data
D. The larger the sample size, the smaller C. Validity
the sampling error.
D. Reliability
NARAYAN CHANGDER
72. Taking a word which is open to interpreta-
77. The population is divided into characteris-
tion and making it measurable.
tics of importance (e.g. class/ethnicity)
A. Operationalisation and a proportionate amount of people will
B. Questionnaire be chosen from each category to reflect the
population.
C. Structured interview
A. Stratified sampling
D. Survey
B. Systematic sampling
73. A type of research method that investi- C. Snowball sampling
gates the effect of an IV on a DV. D. none of above
A. Correlational study
78. To lands as top-paying is the impetus be-
B. Experimental method hind his desire to graduate as cumlaude
C. Case study A. clue
D. Brain imaging B. reward
C. force
74. A teacher wants to know the average time
spent doing homework by the students in D. secret
her class of 20 girls and 5 boys.She selects
the five closest to her desk. 79. Select one strength of a systematic sam-
ple
A. simple random
A. Most popular method
B. Self Selected.
B. People volunteer themselves so they
C. Convenience consent
D. Systematic Random C. Easy to do
D. No researcher bias
75. A type of sampling method where all mem-
bers of a target population may be asked 80. A type of research method that involves
to participate through the use of a random- studying the effects of a naturally occur-
ized method. ring IV on a DV.
A. Random sampling A. True experiment
B. Opportunity sampling B. Field experiment
C. Self-selected sampling C. Case study
D. Purposive sampling D. Natural experiment

81. Which of the following sampling tech- 86. research is an in-depth study of a par-
niques refer on the subjective judgment of ticular phenomenon.
the researcher when selecting units from

A. Descriptive
the population to be included in the sam-
ple? B. Correlational
A. Probability Sampling C. Qualitative

D. Quantitative
B. Non-probability Sampling
C. Convenience Sampling 87. Using this sampling technique, finding a
sample would be easy but will more likely
D. Quota Sampling not represent the entire population.
82. When a participant’s behaviour changes A. lottery method
because of their desire to be viewed posi- B. convenience sampling
tively by other people.
C. non-probability sampling
A. Social desirability effect D. probability sampling
B. Sampling bias
88. Which research approach is more suitable
C. Participant variability whereby the researcher wants to survey
D. Participant expectancy effect / interview 1 000 respondents?
A. Qualitative approach
83. Used as a source of getting sample
B. Quantitative approach
A. Sampling
C. Mixed Method
B. Sample D. none of above
C. population
89. A sample that accurately represents the
D. subject target population.
84. Doing business is my parents’ way to de- A. Representative sample

rive our family income B. Opportunity sampling
A. keep C. Sampling bias
B. get D. Purposive sampling
C. display 90. Source of bias that occurs when an individ-

ual chosen for the sample CAN’T be con-
D. budget
tacted or refuses to cooperate.
85. It starts with known sources of informa- A. Response Bias
tion who or which will in turn give other B. Undercoverage
sources of information.
C. Nonresponse
A. Snowball sampling
D. Voluntary Response
B. Network Sampling
91. What is the best sampling technique to use
C. Convenience sampling
for determining the average speed of the
D. Systematic sampling cars on asection of highway?

A. simple random sample B. Find anyone who is around at the time

B. systematic sample
C. convenience sample C. The sample reflects the proportions of
people in subgroups in a population
D. a) or b)
D. Everyone in the target population has
92. A study that manipulates an independent an equal chance of being picked
variable in a naturalistic setting and mea-
sures the effects of this. 97. All members of the population are consid-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
ered to be selected.
A. True experiment
A. Probability Sampling
B. Field experiment
B. Non-Probability Sampling
C. Quasi experiment
D. Natural experiment C. Purposive sampling
D. Judgmental Sampling
93. What is a limitation of cluster sampling?
A. It involves convenience sampling 98. Her religiosity was manifested by her reg-
methods. ular attending of Holy Mass.
B. Identifying clusters in a population is A. pictures
not possible. B. shown
C. It limits a sample to individuals in the C. stressed
chosen clusters.
D. signalled
D. It applies a random sampling method
to select participants in each cluster. 99. Disneyland often surveys its guests as
they exit a restaurant during their visit.
94. When the group being studied can account
The surveyor stands at the restaurant exit,
for the whole population, accounting for all
counts the number of people leaving, and
social minority groups and diversity.
surveys every 25th guest.This is a form
A. Generalisability of:
B. Representativeness A. Simple Random Sample
C. Operationalisation B. Stratified Random Sample
D. Survey C. Voluntary Response
95. A sample frame is a useful tool to a D. Systematic Random Sampling
target population.
100. An opinion poll was done by a TV station
A. approximate
through a phoned-in answers to a yes or
B. assess no questions.
C. assimilate A. Table of Random Numbers
D. attach B. Snowball sampling
96. What is a stratified sample? C. Purposive sampling
A. People select themselves D. Judgmental Sampling

101. Which of the following methods of sam- 106. A pollster wants to find out if citizens are
pling is not random? satisfied with the city council. Which pro-
cedure would bemost appropriate for ob-

A. sampling with replacement
taining a statistically unbiased sample?
B. sampling without replacement
A. interviewing people at a popular local
C. convenience sampling shopping centre
D. stratified sampling B. surveying people whose names have
been randomly chosen from the tele-
102. Method of deriving a sample phonebook
A. Sampling C. placing an advertisement in the local
newspaper asking for mail-in responses
B. Lottery method
D. mailing a questionnaire to people
C. Stratifying
whose names have been chosen randomly
D. Table of random numbers froma list of customers of the municipal
utility company
103. A portion of a population
107. A is a small portion of the population
A. Sampling
used to gather data from.
B. Sample
A. Systematic Sampling Method
C. strata B. Sample
D. subject C. Population
104. The extent to which the findings from a D. Bias
study could be applied to a different con-
108. Identify the type of sampling tech-
text (e.g. other people, places or situa-
nique”Inn a recent research that was con-
tions).
ducted in a private school, the subjects of
A. Participant variability the study were selected by using the Table
B. Extraneous variable of Random Numbers.”
C. Ethical consideration A. Simple Random Sampling

D. Generalizability
D. Cluster Sampling
nique”A researcher is doing a research
work on the student’s reaction to the 109. What is an opportunity sample?
newly implemented curriculum in mathe-
matics and interviewed every 10th stu- A. People who are easily available are se-
dent entering the gate of the school.” lected
B. People respond to an advert
C. People in the population have an equal
chance of being selected
D. Every nth person in the target popula-
D. Cluster Sampling tion is selected

110. Indicate a suitable type of research C. Volunteer

design for the following research D. Observational
project:Research Project:“What kind of
emotions and attitudes motivate individu- 115. Every possible group of units of the re-
als to take part in mass events?” quired size has the same chance of being
A. Qualitative-Exploratory the selected sample as any other sample
of the same size.
B. Quantitative-Descriptive
A. Simple Random
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Quantitative-Causal
B. Thoughtful
D. none of above
C. Typical
111. Sampling bias results in a sample that is D. Proportional
not
116. Assign each car in a dealership a number
A. selected from a population
and then use a random-number table to se-
B. accessible lect the cars to be inspected.
C. biased A. systematic
D. representative B. simple random sample
112. Which method is most likely to produce C. convenience

a random sample of the members of your D. Self-selected (volunteer)
class?
117. A micro theory which relies on using qual-
A. listing the first six students that come itative methods to collect data.
to mind
A. Interpretivism
B. choosing the five oldest students in the
class B. Realism
C. writing the name of each student on C. Positivism

a separate piece of paper and then draw- D. none of above
ingthese slips from a hat
118. Source of bias that occurs when you ask
D. selecting the first six students to ar- people who are EASY to ask
rive at class
A. Response Bias
113. Sampling is about a sample from a B. Convenience Sampling
population.
C. Nonresponse
A. adding
D. Voluntary Response
B. including
119. A type of research method that involves
C. predicting
using multiple methods to gather lots of
D. selecting data on a small group or individual.
114. This sample consists of units of the popu- A. True experiment
lation that are easily accessible. B. Field experiment
A. Cluster C. Case study
B. Convenience D. Quasi-experiment

120. Which of the following is a form of non- 125. To obtain a sample of voters from a
random sampling? town, 20 voters are selected from each
barangay.

A. Quota sampling
B. Convenience sampling
B. Stratified sampling
C. Simple random sampling
D. All of the above
D. Cluster Sampling
121. The sample is gathered via the partici-
126. A researcher wants to understand stu-
pants putting themselves forward. Found
dent’s study habits across the state. How-
through adverts
ever, she lives in a rural area and decides
A. Quota to use the local middle school instead of
B. Volunteer sample schools across the state. What kind of
sampling is this?
C. Random
A. quota sampling
D. none of above
B. random sampling
122. Members of the population do not have C. stratified sampling
the equal chance of being selected. D. convenience sampling
A. Probability Sampling
127. Marianne wanted to know students’
B. Non-Probability Sampling opinion on the new schedule at school. She
C. Purposive sampling survey’s the first 30 students who come
into her class.
D. Judgmental Sampling
A. Convenience Sampling
123. What is TRUE about stratified sampling? B. Systematic Random Sampling
A. Type of sampling method in which the C. Simple Random Sampling
total population is divided into smaller D. Volunteer response
groups or strata
B. The population is divided into various 128. Identify the type of sampling tech-
subgroups. nique”A researcher interviewed people
from each town in the Province of Rizal
C. It is part of sampling for his research on population.”
D. All of the above A. Simple Random Sampling
124. Which sociologist used a survey of 572
people, semi structure interviews and a Di- C. Stratified Sampling
ary of LAT’s? D. Cluster Sampling
A. Sasha Roseneil
129. In systematic sampling, the formula N/n
B. Sophie Zadeh is used where N stands for
C. Rachela Colosi A. sampling technique
D. none of above B. sample size

C. total population 135. A researcher who is studying the effects

D. cluster of educational attainment on promotion
conducted a survey of 50 randomly se-
130. A set of observations that constitute lected workers from each of these cate-
PART of the population. gories:high school graduate, with under-
graduate degree, with master’s degree,
A. Statistic and with doctoral degree. What technique
B. Census is most appropriate?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Population A. Simple Random Sampling
D. Sample B. Systematic Random Sampling
C. Stratified Random Sampling
131. It refers the number of respon-
dents/subjectsthat you are going to use D. Cluster Random Sampling
in the study. 136. What is a systematic sample?
A. sample A. Everyone has an equal chance of being
B. population picked
C. sample size B. every nth member of a population is

chosen
D. sampling
C. Anyone who is close by is selected
132. The selection of the sample is accom- D. Participants select themselves
plished in more than 2 steps
137. Data in large amounts expressed in nu-
A. Multi stage sampling merical/statistical form to help identify
B. Snowball sampling trends and patterns.
C. Cluster sampling A. Qualitative data
D. Networking sampling B. Quantitative data
C. Representativeness
133. Which does not belong to the group?
D. Objectivity
A. cluster sampling
138. Where every nth name is taken (e.g. ev-
B. Lottery method ery th) is taken from the sampling frame
C. Purposive sampling A. Stratified
D. Table of random numbers B. Systematic
134. A sampling where every member of the C. Snowball
population has an equal chance of being se- D. none of above
lected. Your sampling frame should include
the whole population. 139. A researcher identifies professional ath-
letes as a group of interest to test her re-
A. simple random sampling search hypothesis. She then identifies a
B. systematic sampling few local professional teams and selects a
small group of the local athletes to be ob-
C. stratified sampling served. In this example, who is the target
D. cluster sampling population?

A. not clearly identified D. snowball sampling

B. all professional athletes
144. A study that tests the effects of some

C. the few local professional athletes kind of treatment on a dependent variable,
D. the small group of professional ath- but one or more characteristics of a true
letes who were observed experiment can’t be met, since the IV is
pre-existing.
nique”A researcher who is studying the ef- A. True experiment
fects of educational attainment on promo- B. Field experiment
tion conducted a survey of 50 randomly
C. Quasi experiment
selected workers from each of these cat-
egories:high school graduate, with under- D. Natural experiment
graduate degrees, with master’s degree,
and with doctoral degree.” 145. When the participants’ expectations
have an effect on the results of the study.
B. Systematic Sampling A. Extraneous variable
C. Stratified Sampling B. Sampling bias

D. Cluster Sampling C. Participant variability
141. In an observational study, a researcher D. Participant expectancy effect

observes the types of shoes that every
146. A college president wants to find out
fifth person is wearing as he or she leaves
which courses students consider to be of
a mall.
the most benefit tothem. Which procedure
A. Systematic sampling would be most likely to produce a statisti-
B. Stratified sampling cally unbiased sample?
C. Simple random sampling A. having students complete a question-
D. Cluster Sampling naire on the college web site
B. asking students to mail in a question-
142. Which of the following probability sam-
naire
pling is the basic and commonly used tech-
nique in descriptive research? C. surveying a random sample of stu-
dents taken from the list of all students
A. stratified random sampling
B. simple random sampling
D. surveying the first hundred students
C. systematic random sampling on an alphabetical list
D. cluster sampling
147. A German word that means understand-
143. In this type of sampling, samples can be ing
used to recruit participants via other par-
ticipants A. Validity
A. convenience sampling B. Verstehen

B. voluntary response sampling C. Representativeness
C. purposive sampling D. none of above

6.2 Probability and non-probability samples 214
148. In an organization of 500 employees, the A. Sampling

HR team decides on conducting team build-
ing activities, they prefer picking chits out B. Lottery method
of a bowl. In this case, each of the 500 C. Stratifying
employees has an equal opportunity of be-
ing selected. D. Table of random numbers
6.2 Probability and non-probability samples
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1. What sampling technique will be used if 5. What refers to any procedure done to se-
the researcher can’t find enough partici- lect samples?
pants and asked referrals from the initial A. Experimentation
participants?
B. Replication
C. Sampling
B. Quota Sampling
D. Treatment
C. Purposive Sampling
6. Which of the following is a type of non-
D. Snowball Sampling probability sample?
2. The process of collecting information/data A. Simple random
from the sample. B. Cluster
A. Census C. Judgment
B. Interview D. Systematic
C. Survey 7. Which type of sampling is most vulnerable
D. Questionnaire to bias?
A. Quota Sampling
3. The set of ALL observations made on all ob-
jects under study for a given characteristic B. Convenience Sampling
or variable. C. Purposive Sampling
A. Sample D. Snowball Sampling
B. Population 8. When one examines the entire population
C. Survey instead of a subgroup of the population,
this is called a
D. Parameter
A. Sampling
4. The process of gathering informa- B. Census
tion/data from EACH member of the pop-
ulation. C. Bias
D. none of above
A. Census
B. Interview 9. What sampling technique will be used if a
researcher wants to know the experience
C. Survey of the board exam takers in the time of
D. Questionnaire pandemic?

6.2 Probability and non-probability samples 215
A. Convenience Sampling C. Bias resulting from the use of probabil-

B. Quota Sampling ity sampling method.

C. Purposive Sampling D. Bias resulting from over-representation
or under-representation of population
D. Snowball Sampling
segments in a sample.
10. Which of the following statements defines
sampling? 14. Which of the following non-probability
sampling methods is NOT commonly used
A. It is the portion of the target popula- in qualitative research?
tion to which the researcher has reason-
able access. A. Convenience sampling.
B. It is the number of people who partici- B. Quota sampling.
pate in a study. C. Purposive sampling.
C. It is the process of selecting a portion
D. Snowball sampling.
of the population to represent the entire
population. 15. What is referred to as a subset of the
D. It is the subset of a population com- population under investigation that a re-
prising those selected to participate in a searcher selected to be part of the study?
study
A. Sample
11. The population describes: B. Population
A. The group of people, objects or events
C. Variable
being surveyed
D. Replicate
B. a part of the group being surveyed
C. the whole world 16. A numerical characteristic of the POPULA-
D. the school TION
12. A school randomly chose ten English teach- A. Statistic

ers and asked them which type of juice B. Parameter
their students would prefer. Which reason
C. Observation
best shows why this sample is biased?
A. The sample didn’t include students. D. Study
B. The sample is too small. 17. A teacher wants to know the average time
C. The sample can only be accurate if spent doing homework by the students in
each teacher is included in the sample her classes. All in all, there are 50 stu-
dents. The teacher decided to interview
D. none of above
10 students as the default number.
13. What is sampling bias? A. Convenience Sampling
A. Bias resulting when non-probability
B. Quota Sampling
sample is drawn.
C. Purposive Sampling
B. Bias resulting from the inappropriate
designation of eligibility criteria. D. Snowball Sampling

6.3 Tools of data collections, their types, attributes and uses 216
6.3 Tools of data collections, their types, attributes and

uses
1. Which one of these is a weakness of Inter- C. Have a question
views?
D. Have data
A. Low response rate
6. Which one of these is a strength of Ques-
B. Interviewer effect.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
tionnaires?
C. Cheap and easy way to collect data
A. Interviewer effect
D. Demand Characteristics
B. Low response rate
2. Which of these is a weakness of qualita- C. Cheap and easy way to collect data
tive data?
D. Unethical
A. Hard to analyse
B. Low response rate 7. Elise gave each member of the class a
random cookie, some from recipe A and
C. Lacks validity
some from recipe B. Then she observed
D. Unethical which students returned for a second cook-
ieWhat data collection method was used?
3. What are official statistics?
A. Observational Study
A. Data collected in the numeric form
B. Experiment
B. Data collected by big corporations
C. Survey
C. Data collected from a government
agencies D. Simulation
D. Data collected by the police.
8. is a form containing questions. It may
4. Which one of these definitions explains Ex- be a printed form or one designed to be
periments? filled in online.
A. Observing a group without their knowl- A. Survey

edge or consent B. Interview
B. Collecting information through un- C. Questionnaires
structured interviews and postal question-
naires D. none of above
C. Observation and description of a group 9. What is quantitative data?

of people and their way of life
A. Data collected the written / descrip-
D. An investigation that tests a hypothe- tive form
sis. The aim is to find out why something
happens by controlling the variables B. A study of an individual or group over
a long period of time
5. Qualitative data does not C. A small scale study done prior to the
A. Have an answer actual study
B. Have a number D. Data collected in the numeric form

10. What are secondary sources? 15. What is a pilot study?

A. Interview session with the sample A. A study of an individual or group over

B. Data collect from an experiment a long period of time
C. Any data gained from a survey or ques- B. A small scale study done prior to the
tionnaires actual study
D. Publications, government documents, C. Data collected in the numeric form

brochures, newsletters, annual reports D. Data collected the written / descrip-
tive form
11. Primary data refer to information ob-
tained by the researcher on the vari- 16. What is a population?
ables of interest for the specific purpose A. The number of people who refuse to be
of the study. part of the research
A. first-hand B. The people participating in your re-
B. second-hand search.
C. third-hand C. The group you want to study
D. none of above D. A sampling technique
12. Sources of Data Collection 17. A student wants to know the most liked
A. Interview and observation professor at her college. Which type of
study would be the most practical to ob-
B. Questionnaires and survey tain this information?
C. Primary sources and secondary A. a simulation
sources
B. an experiment
D. Books and journal
C. a survey
13. Data collection is the process of D. an observation
A. gathering and measuring information
on variables of interest 18. involves ‘seeing’ things such as ob-
jects, processes, relationships, events and
B. gathering and measuring books on formally recording the information.
variables of interest
A. Observation
C. gathering and measuring newspapers
on variables of interest B. Interview
D. gathering and measuring diaries on C. Video

variables of interest D. none of above
14. What is a survey? 19. A quantity calculated from the observa-

A. A tool used to collect statistical data tions in a SAMPLE.
B. Statistics collected from an entire pop- A. Parameter

ulation B. Study
C. An element or feature that can vary C. Statistic
D. A group chosen from a population D. Observation

20. Which of these is not an example of official B. Photography

statistics?
C. Interview
A. Crime
D. none of above
B. Diary
C. Education 25. Which one of these is a strength of Inter-
views?
D. Death Rates
A. Cheap
NARAYAN CHANGDER
21. is a data collection tool for gather-
ing information from a sample population, B. Interviewer effect
with the intention of generalizing the re- C. Low response rate
sults to a larger population.
D. Respondents can clarify responses
A. Newspaper
B. Survey 26. What is Snowball Sampling?
C. Observation A. Every member is the population has an
D. none of above equal chance of being chose
22. Which one is a strength of observations B. When you pick every nth person
A. enables a researcher to look afresh at C. When one participant introduces the

everyday behaviour that otherwise might researcher to other members in the popu-
be taken for granted, expected or go un- lation
noticed D. When the researcher has an exact
B. can provide a bias outcomes due to ‘quota’ of people from different cate-
confirmation bias of the person/s observ- gories in proportion to their numbers in
ing and their AR hypothesis the wider population
C. has difficulties with maintaining high
levels of anonymity 27. Which one of these is a weakness of Ques-
tionnaires?
D. can manipulate the situation or sub-
jects A. Interviewer effect
B. Cheap
23. is a face-to-face conversation between
two individuals with the sole purpose of C. Low response rate
collecting relevant information to satisfy
D. Demand Characteristics
a research purpose.
A. Video 28. What is the first thing you should do be-
B. Observation fore starting to collect data?
C. Interview A. Decide what the purpose of the data
collection is.
D. none of above
B. Write your questions.
24. can be used on their own, but are
more often accompanied by written cap- C. Collect personal information about re-
tions, providing additional information. spondents.
A. Website Article D. Contact potential participants.

29. Which one of these definitions explains C. A small scale study done prior to the
Ethnography? actual study

A. Observing a group without their knowl- D. Data collected in the numeric form
edge or consent
B. Observing a group’s activities, while 34. is an electronic medium for the record-
not taking part in them ing, copying, playback, broadcasting, and
display of moving visual media and often
C. Observation and description of a group accompanied by a commentary.
of people and their way of life
A. Interview
D. Collecting information through un-
structured interviews and postal question- B. Photography
naires C. Video
30. Jill asked people on the Internet to com- D. none of above
ment on the type of cell phone she was
thinking of buying.What data collection 35. What is a longitudinal study?
method was used?
A. A study of an individual or group over
A. Observational Study a long period of time
B. Experiment B. A small scale study done prior to the
C. Survey actual study
D. Simulation C. Data collected in the numeric for.
31. are relatively easy to collect and are D. Data collected the written / descrip-
sometimes the only continuously available tive form
source of event data.
36. What are primary sources?
A. Newspaper
A. Data gather from previous research
B. Photography
B. Your own data collection from own in-
C. Website Article vestigation
D. none of above
C. The first data acquired
32. Which of these is a type of secondary D. Your own created data
data?
A. Official Statistics 37. Collecting data from is a quicker and
less expensive data collection. Two ma-
B. Observation jor disadvantages of using this data re-
C. Questionnaire porting method are biases inherent in the
D. Interview data collection process and possible secu-
rity/confidentiality concerns.
33. What is qualitative data? A. Newspaper
A. Data collected the written / descrip-
B. Website Article
tive form
C. Observation
B. A study of an individual or group over
a long period of time D. none of above

38. Focus groups consist typically of mem- 43. Which one of these is a strength of Obser-
bers with a moderator leading the discus- vations?
sions for about two hours on a particular A. First hand data, which is rich in validity
topic, concept or product.
A. three to five B. Quick
B. five to seven C. Cheap and easy way to collect data
C. eight to ten D. Representative
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above 44. Which one of these is a weakness of Ob-
servations?
39. When creating questions you want to
avoid: A. Demand Characteristics
A. Biased questions B. Low response rate
B. Questions that assume what they ask C. Lack of validity

D. Respondents may not understand the
C. Double-barreled questions
question
D. All of the above
45. refer to the devices/instruments used
40. How can a sample be representative? to collect data, such as a paper question-
naire or computer-assisted interviewing
A. If it represents the wider society being
system.
researched
A. Information
B. When is captures what it is you want
to study B. Survey
C. When it includes everybody you want C. Data Collection Tool
to research D. none of above
D. When people are picked randomly 46. Steven observed students entering a class-
room for class and recorded whether the
41. Which of these is a strength of qualitative
first half of the students who arrived for
data?
class chose to sit in the front half of the
A. Easy to analyse room.What data collection method was
B. Provides strong descriptions and de- used?
tailed information A. Observational Study
C. Reliable B. Experiment
D. Cheap C. Survey
D. Simulation
42. is a methodical process of gathering
and analyzing specific information. 47. Nick stood outside a movie theater and
asked many of the patrons if they thought
A. Data Collection
the movie they saw was good.What data
B. Data collection method was used?
C. Data Collection Tool A. Observational Study
D. none of above B. Experiment

6.4 Redesigning research tools- questionnaire 221
C. Survey A. over supply data

D. Simulation B. bias

48. When asking questions, it is important to C. rich data
ask unbiased questions to ensure that you
minimize in responses. D. none of above
6.4 Redesigning research tools- questionnaire

1. Open-ended are questions are great for B. are easy to make and to understand
A. casual research C. the best way to get to know a client
B. exploratory research D. Customers prefer less face-to-face
communication and more e-mail commu-
C. descriptive research
nication
D. qualitative research
6. A good questionnaire should be
2. A disadvantage of open-ended questions A. have embarrassing questions
are:
B. biased
A. the answer is in respondent’s own
words C. short simple and concrete
D. none of above
B. allows probing
C. provides insights 7. Open-ended questions are:
D. response rates are lower A. thought-provoking
B. simple
3. The most common scales used in research
are C. difficult
A. Ratio D. easy
B. Ordinal 8. Which of the following is not a random

sampling technique?
C. Nominal
A. Purposive sampling
D. All of the above
B. Stratified Sampling
4. An advantage of a closed ended questions C. Cluster sampling
are:
D. Systematic sampling
A. researchers must generate alterna-
tives 9. What can be described as a question-
naire?
B. no freedom for respondent in answer
A. a set of survey questions given to re-
C. limited number of responses
searchers
D. alternative data coding
B. a set of essays given to researchers
5. Why are questionnaires important? C. a set of survey questions given to re-
A. produces data that can be used for spondents
making smart business decisions D. a set of essays given to respondents

6.5 Redesigning research tools- observation 222
10. Which of these is NOT a step for planning A. Write a personalized covering letter to
a questionnaire? introduce the research
A. Clear on its purposes B. Enclose a stamped addressed enve-
B. Develops concrete research questions lope with a postal questionnaire
C. Send out polite reminder letters
C. Anonymity is present in this way of col- D. All of the above
lecting data
13. What is the last step when you make a
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Exhaustive in its coverage and inclu- questionnaire?
sion of items
A. determine survey objectives
11. Which of these statements it’s NOT true B. create questions
about questionnaires:
C. decide layout
A. It is usually limited in scope
D. evaluate a questionnaire
B. It is used for analyzing statistics
C. It is a data-gathering instrument 14. The process of the questionnare begins
with:
D. It might take the form of a paper-and-
pencil test A. problem
B. hypothesis
12. Which of the following steps can be taken
to improve response rates to postal ques- C. objectives
tionnaires? D. strategies
6.5 Redesigning research tools- observation

1. This type of observation completely de- C. have high ecological validity
taches you from the target of your obser- D. are highly reliable
vation.
4. Structured observations
A. Non-participation or Structured
A. Every participant has the exact same
B. Participant Observation
experience
C. Direct Observation
B. Are completely natural
D. Indirect Observation C. Are unreliable
2. Using a one-way mirror can improve D. Lack standardisation
A. reliability 5. This initial part of the record describes the
B. generalisability people, places events, conversation and
other things involved in the activity or ob-
C. ethics
ject focused on by the research.
D. validity
A. Descriptive Observation
3. Naturalistic observations B. Narrative Account
A. are easy to replicate C. Continuous Monitoring
B. have a manipulated IV D. Spot Sampling

6.6 Redesigning research tools-interviews 223
6. This is the main data gathering technique 11. covert observations

used in behavioral psychology, where peo- A. may be unethical
ple’s worries, anxieties, habits and prob-

lems serve as the focus of studies in this B. participants knows they are being ob-
field of discipline. served
A. Spot Sampling C. lack validity
B. Continuous Monitoring D. always qualitative
C. Descriptive Observation 12. A type of observation that takes part in
D. Narrative Account the activities of the individual or group be-
ing observed.
7. Participant observations A. Participant Observation
A. validity is a strength B. Non-participation
B. reliability is a strength C. Direct Observation
C. ethics is a strength D. Indirect Observation
D. objectivity is a strength
13. It is a is a technique of gathering data
8. A detailed observational schedule will im- whereby you personally watch, interact,
prove or communicate with the subjects of your
A. inter-rater reliability research.
B. ethics A. Observation
C. demand characteristics B. Survey
D. subjectivity C. Interview
D. Questionnaire
9. Bandura’s BoBo doll study is an example
of 14. recording observational data with a video
A. a laboratory experiment camera could improve
B. a naturalistic observation A. validity
C. a structured observation B. reliability
D. a non-participant observation C. ethics

D. generalisability
10. This observation makes you see or listen
to everything that happens in the area of 15. Qualitative researchers may record obser-
observation. vational data in the form of
A. Direct Observation A. field notes
B. Indirect Observation B. tally charts
C. Participant Observation C. behavioural categories
D. Non-participation D. frequency tables
6.6 Redesigning research tools-interviews

1. what type of questions do structured inter- 6. what type of interview am I?the inter-
view consist of? viewer has freedom to vary questions,
A. open-ended questions their wording and the order of their ques-
tions. interviewers may ask follow-up
B. strict questions questions or probe more deeply on some
C. closed-ended questions questions.
D. easy questions A. semi-structured interviews
B. un-structured interviews
NARAYAN CHANGDER
2. What is a ‘leading question’?
C. group interviews
A. When the interviewee can only answer
from a list of questions. D. structured interviews
B. When the interviewer tells the intervie- 7. What is the problem that structured and
wee the answer to the question. un-structured interviews face because of
artificiality?
C. Where the wording tells the intervie-
wee how to answer the question. A. It is sometimes doubtful whether inter-
viewees answers are truthful and valid.
D. When the sociologist asks the intervie-
wee all the questions before they can an- B. It makes interviewees feel under pres-
swer one of them. sure during their interview
C. It often results in low response rates
3. who prefers structured interviews?
as interviewees do not like the setting that
A. Marxists the interview will take place in.
B. Functionalists D. none of above
C. Interpretivists 8. What is the social desirability effect?
D. Positivists A. when sociologists want to please their
interviewees.
4. Interviews are helpful when
B. When people want to please people
A. you want to get insight into attitudes
older than them
of participants
C. When an individual wants to be popu-
B. you want a better understanding of lar in school
participants’ points of view
D. when people see to win approval.
C. the subject matter is too sensitive for
people to discuss in a group setting 9. Diego is a a psychology student who con-
D. all of the choices ducts a research on students’ thoughts
about the struggles they face during the
5. A semi-structured interview pandemic. He wants answers to be spon-
taneous so he decided not to prepare a
A. may use a checklist and follow-up
standard question. He just asked students
questions
to share then he listened and took impor-
B. has a script of the exact questions tant notes. What kind of interview was
C. is the most flexible of the interview ap- done by Diego?
proaches A. Structured Interview
D. none of above B. Unstructured Interview

C. Semi-structured Interview 15. What is step one of interviewing?

D. none of above A. compile a list of questions

10. Which of the following is an open-ended B. do your background research
question? C. figuring out what you want to find out
A. How much did the renovations cost? D. picking out your outfit
B. Who is in charge of the group?
16. Which of these is a closed question?
C. Why were the renovations necessary?
A. What were you doing last Wednesday?
D. When was the decision made?
B. What is your name?
11. which is a practical issue of structure inter-
C. Where do you live?
views?
A. not representative D. Can you tie your shoes?
B. very little freedom to explain questions 17. Which of the following is not the type of
or clarify misunderstandings interview questions?
C. Cannot match the potentially huge A. Structured interview
sample numbers reached by question-
B. Partial-structured interview
naires
C. Unforeseen interview
D. none of above
D. none of above
12. Which of the following points is NOT the
way to establish rapport? 18. How could a sociologist increase the likeli-
A. Treat interviewees with respect. hood of increasing the reliability of his/her
interview?
B. Invade their space.
A. Previous to the interview, ask the inter-
C. Dress and behave appropriately.
viewees what type of questions they be-
D. Give firm eye contact. lieve would be suitable to ask when talk-
ing about a certain topic.
13. Which type of interview is most reliable?
B. conduct a Pre-examination study be-
A. Structured
fore the interview
B. Un-structured
C. Ask another sociologists advice on the
C. Both as reliable as each other questions to ask
D. none of above D. Conduct a pilot study
14. what type of interview has open-ended
19. why do structured interviews suffer from
questions in it and interviewers can fur-
inflexibility?
ther their questions by going more into
depth with the interviewee? A. because the interviewer can ask as
many questions as they like so may get
A. semi-structured interviews
lost and go off subject.
B. un-structured interviews
B. because researchers have to draw up
C. structured interviews the questions in advance and therefore
D. half-structured interviews have already decided what is important

and this might not coincide with what the A. Structured Interview
interviewee thinks. B. Unstructured Interview
C. the interviewer may be biased to a cer- C. Semi-structured Interview
tain topic.
D. none of above
D. none of above
24. which sociologists used an un-structured
20. which sociologist carried out a structured interview to investigate the sensitive
interview on the extended family in east topic of domestic violence.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
London?
A. Young & Willmott
A. Durkhiem
B. opie & Parson
B. Parsons
C. Dobash & Dobash
C. Young & Willmott
D. Mark & smith
D. Opie
25. An open-ended question accomplishes
21. Why interview is particularly used?
which of the following?
A. To only get facts
A. Prompts the source to give a short,
B. To gauge basic information on topic. usually one-word response.
C. To get detailed story behind one’s ex- B. Prompts the source to give an open re-
periences. sponse with irrelevant information.
D. none of above C. Prompts the source to give long and
rambling answers.
22. Which of the following is a disadvantage
of interviews? D. Prompts the source to respond openly
and comfortably with a conversational re-
A. You can read the interviewee’s body
sponse and useful information.
language
B. Opportunity to clarify questions 26. what do we call the approach used when
analysing interviews?
C. Obtain quantitative and qualitative
data A. inductive content analysis
D. Anonymity of interviewee is lost and B. deductive content analysis
may impact on responses C. interview analysis
23. Bea is going to conduct an interview to her D. transcription data analysis
relatives in Spain about their experience
there during the pandemic. She wanted 27. Which of the following is NOT a type of
to call them via video call but poor inter- interview?
net connection gives her a hard time. She A. structured interview
decided to send the set of questions and B. semi-structured interview
asked them to send back their answers
according to the order of the questions. C. unstructured interview
What type of interview was used by Bea? D. non-structured interview

7. Methods of data analysis
7.1 Analysis of qualitative data based on various tools

1. The following answers are correct about C. fractions
Qualitative Research, EXCEPT D. literary criticisms
A. Qualitative research is used to under-
stand concepts, thoughts or experiences. 4. Qualitative data analysis focuses on exam-
ining
B. Qualitative enables you to gather in- A. numbers

depth insights on topics that are not well B. visions
understood. C. words
C. Qualitative research is mainly ex- D. concepts
pressed in numbers and graphs
5. This involves the researcher starting with
D. Qualitative research requires few re-
a theory and testing the theory using rel-
spondents
evant methods.
2. The following are the MAJOR PHASES in A. Coding
qualitative data analysis described by Hu-
B. Inductive Approach
berman (1994), EXCEPT
C. Deductive Approach
A. Data display
D. none of above
B. Data reduction
C. Drawing and verifying conclusions 6. This involves carefully reading statements
and mapping them with the research aims
D. Data coding and objectives, assigning codes.
3. The results of data analysis are presented A. Axial Coding
as B. Open Coding
A. percentages C. Selective Coding
B. written discussions D. none of above

7.1 Analysis of qualitative data based on various tools 228
7. This type of analysis involves the re- 13. The research activity preceding collating is
searcher making interpretations based on A. coding
the details within the material and on con-
B. summarizing
textual knowledge
C. synthesizing
A. Discourse Analysis
D. categorizing
B. Content Analysis
C. Grounded Theory 14. Questionnaire is to data collection instru-
ment; observation is to data-collection
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Narrative Analysis
A. process
8. These are examples of qualitative data B. method
analysis methods, EXCEPT
C. analysis
A. Content Analysis
D. results
B. In depth interview
C. Narrative analysis 15. This type of analysis is used to understand
how participants construct history from
D. Grounded Theory their own personal experiences
9. Qualitative research has words as its A. Content Analysis
A. qualitative data B. Narrative Analysis
B. unit of analysis C. Discourse Analysis
C. quantitative data D. Grounded Theory
D. analysis of data 16. You encode or symbolize data that are
10. This type of analysis involves the theory A. subjective
being grounded into the actual data. B. symbolical
A. Content Analysis C. objective
B. Discourse Analysis D. numerical
C. Grounded Theory 17. This involves the researcher collecting all
D. Framework Analysis data relevant to the topic, taking a bird’s
eye view.
11. To show how variables are closely related
A. Inductive Approach
with one another, you must use
B. Deductive Approach
A. data matrix
C. Coding
B. profile matrix
D. none of above
C. proximity matrix
D. table matrix 18. This involves re-reading the transcript and
categorising the statements, identifying
12. Symbolizing data is preserving their further codes
A. origin A. Axial Coding
B. source B. Open Coding
C. confidentiality C. Selective Coding
D. significance D. none of above

7.2 Analysis of quantitative data and it presentation with tables, graphs etc 229
19. In the data analysis process, qualitative re- B. Peer debriefing

searchers construct by looking out for C. Member check
&

D. Clarify bias
A. Results, Data, Causality
B. Conclusions, Coding, Answers 23. The value of data analysis results is deter-
mined by their connection with your
C. Meaning, Patterns, Themes
A. research method
D. none of above
B. research title
20. At this stage, the researcher will tran-
C. research design
scribe and organise the material.
A. Data Display D. research questions
B. Data Reducation 24. In this step, researchers make compar-

C. Conclusions isons between the findings and the liter-
ature.
D. none of above
A. Valuating findings
21. A graphical presentation of data-analysis B. Analyzing findings
results ensures
C. Interpreting findings.
A. privacy of data
D. none of above
B. genuineness of data
C. completeness of data 25. This step include digrams and comparison
tables.
D. orderliness of data
A. Representing and report findings
22. Taking the final report/ specific descrip-
tions/themes back to participants to ver- B. Valuating findings
ify the findings is an example of C. Organizing findings
A. Triangulation D. none of above
7.2 Analysis of quantitative data and it presentation with

tables, graphs etc
1. Quantitative research focuses on gather- are analysed using mathematically based
ing and generalizing it across groups methods (in particular statistics). is is said
of people or to explain a particular phe- by?
nomenon”.
A. Aliaga and underson
A. numeical data
B. Aliaga and Gunderson
B. quality
C. Alaga and Gunderson
C. numerical data
D. none of above D. Aliaga and Gundeson
2. Quantitative research is ‘Explaining phe- 3. Which of the following best describes

nomena by collecting numerical data that quantitative data?

7.2 Analysis of quantitative data and it presentation with tables, graphs etc 230
A. It is an exploration associated with li- 8. The highest number minus the lowest num-
braries, books, and journals. ber in a set of data is called the
B. It is an activity of producing or provid- A. mean
ing a theorem. B. range
C. A systematic process obtaining numer- C. median
ical information. D. maximum
D. An activity concerned with finding new
9. The middle number in an ordered set of
NARAYAN CHANGDER
truth in education.
data is called the
4. The greatest value in a set of data is called A. mean
the B. median
A. upper quartile C. mode
B. lower quartile D. range
C. minimum 10. To find the average of a set of numbers,
D. maximum add all the numbers in the data set and di-
vide by
5. The is the difference between the up- A. 2
per quartile and the lower quartile.
B. largest number
A. range C. smallest number
B. interquartile range D. the number of items in the set
C. outlier
11. The average is called the
D. median A. mean
6. What is inferential analysis? B. median
C. mode
A. Finding absolute numbers
D. range
B. Making sure there are minimal errors
C. Show relationship between variables 12. A way to describe the concentration and
generalize results and make predictions the spread of data in a set is a
A. histogram
D. Making inferences and then collecting
more data to validate findings B. stem-and-leaf plot
C. box-and-whisker plot
7. The describes how similar or varied the
D. line graph
set of observed values are for a particular
data item. 13. -if you are conducting a Quantitative Re-
A. central tendency search, what will most likely appear in
your discussion are containing data in
B. range the form of numbers and statistics.
C. spread A. Chairs
D. quartile B. Tables

7.3 Statistical tools and techniques of data analysis 231
C. Surveys B. median
D. Graphs C. mode

14. are numbers that are far away from D. range
all other data values in the set.
19. is a way to display frequencies for two
A. Mode categorical variables.
B. Histogram A. Box-and-whisker plot
C. Outliers B. Stem-and-leaf plot
D. Range C. Pie graph
15. When you are trying to find the MEDIAN D. Two-way frequency table
of a set of data and 2 numbers are left
20. Quantitative methods emphasize objective
in the middle after putting them in order
measurements and the statistical, math-
from least to greatest, what do you do?
ematical, or numerical analysis of data
A. List both numbers as the median collected through polls, questionnaires,
B. Add the 2 numbers and divide by 2 and , or by manipulating pre-existing
C. Pick the one you want statistical data using computational tech-
niques.
D. Subtract the 2 numbers
A. Surveys
16. The least value in a data set is called the B. FB
C. Q & A
A. minimum
D. Servey
B. maximum
C. lower quartile 21. Which three (3) terms are most associated
with quantitative data analysis?
D. upper quartile
A. Range, frequencies, skewness
17. The mode score on the Algebra test was
B. Diffusion, sonorous, miscible
94. Which of these interpretations must
be correct? C. Refraction, translation, destry
A. 99 was the highest score D. Tectonics, fundamental, transcribe
B. More students received a 94 than any 22. What is data coding?
other score
A. Ensure data collection was done with-
C. No student scored below a 50 out bias
D. A score of 91 was slightly below the B. Grouping and assigning values to re-
average sponses from the survey
18. The number that occurs most often in a C. To make sure that there are minimal
data set is called the errors
A. mean D. Writing a report
7.3 Statistical tools and techniques of data analysis

7.3 Statistical tools and techniques of data analysis 232
1. An experiment is depictions of results through the graphical

A. a planned activity whose results yield user interface (GUI).
a set of data A. MINITAB
B. a numerical value that summarizes all B. SPSS
of the data of an entire population
C. R
C. the set of values collected from the
variable from each of the elements that D. GRAPHPAD PRISM
NARAYAN CHANGDER
belong to the sample
7. The part of the experiment that does not
D. A numerical value summarizing the contain the independent variable. Used for
sample data comparison.
2. What part of an experiment contains the A. Control Group

data tables and graphs? B. Experimental Group
A. Results C. Results
B. Conclusion D. Data
C. Hypothesis
8. Which of the following statements about
D. Materials variables is correctly paired?
3. Which test is NOT used for correlations? A. A qualitative variable describes or cat-
A. Mann Whitney U egorizes an element of population, while
a quantitative variable quantifies an ele-
B. Spearman’s ment of a population
C. Pearson B. A quantitative variable describes or
D. Chi Squared categorizes an element of population,
while a qualitative variable quantifies an
4. Data which can be ranked from smallest to element of a population
largest
C. A qualitative variable describes an el-
A. Nominal ement of the sample population, while
B. Ordinal a quantitative variable quantifies an ele-
ment of total population
C. Interval
D. A quantitative variable describes an el-
D. Ratio
ement of the sample population, while a
5. Which test is a NON-parametric test? qualitative variable quantifies an element
of total population
A. Mann Whitney U
B. Wilcoxon T test 9. ways that scientific investigations can be
retested are:
C. Spearman’s Rho
A. measurement and control
D. Chi Squared
B. repetition and replication
6. It offers the ability to easily compile de-
C. defining a problem and hypothesizing
scriptive statistics, parametric and non-
parametric analyses, as well as graphical D. concluding and analyzing

7.4 measures of central tendency 233
10. Data which can be categorised by name 12. What do we mean by SE?
A. Nominal A. SIGNIFICANT EXPERIMENTATION

B. Ordinal B. SIGNIFICANT ERROR
C. Interval C. STANDARD EXPERIMENTATION
D. Ratio D. STANDARD ERROR
11. What is not a usual question to ask when 13. WHAT IS REGRESSION ANALYSIS
conducting statistical analysis? A. a statistical tool that describes vari-
A. If the data does not give me the results ables
I want do I still trust the results? B. a statistical tool to measure a continu-
B. Where did the data come from, what is ous data
its source? C. a statistical tool that measures the re-
C. What kind of surveys were conducted, lationship between variables
if any? D. a statistical tool to model probability
D. Are the results of the data reliable? distribution
7.4 measures of central tendency

1. What is the Mode?4, 8, 5, 17, 5, 4, 9, 5, C. Mode
6, 82
D. Range
A. 4
B. 9 4. What is the range?
C. 84 A. The sum of the largest and smallest
D. 5 number
B. The number in the middle
2. What is the mean?
A. The value that occurs the most often in C. The difference between the largest
a data set and smallest number
B. The middle number in an ordered set D. The number that appears most often
of data
C. The sum of all the numbers in a data 5. Calulate the GPA if you take 1 credit of
set divided by the size Math and grade is an A1 credit of ELA and
grade is a B1 credit of SS and grade is a
D. The sum of the between the greatest B1/2 credit of PE and grade is an A1 credit
and the least elements, divided by two of AVID and grade is an A1 Credit of Sci
3. A set of data is given:3, 7, 11, 11, and grade is a C
16Jesse calculated a measure of central A. 3.273
tendency and got 9.6, which measure of
central tendency did he just calculate? B. 3.272
A. Mean C. 3.333
B. Median D. 3.636

6. The number of miles that Jenna cycled each 11. The mode score on the 9th grade math test
week for a 7-week period is shown:36, was 94! Which of these interpretations
42, 28, 52, 48, 36, 31 What is the me- must be correct?
dian number of miles Jenna cycled? A. 99 was the highest score on the test.
A. 24 B. More students received a 94 than any
B. 39 other score
C. 36 C. No student scored below a 50
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. 52 D. A score of 91 was slightly below aver-
age.
7. The median is
12. Participants are divided into groups, then
A. The middle score chosen at random from those groups. Clas-
B. Scores added & divided by the number sify the sample.
of scores A. self-selected
C. The most frequent score B. simple random
D. The middle when in order C. stratified
8. Roger bowled 7 games last weekend. His D. systematic
scores are:155, 165, 138, 172, 127,
13. What is the MEDIAN of this set of
193, 142. What is the range of Roger’s
data?10, 90, 80, 60, 50, 40, 70, 30, 20,
scores?
100
A. 193
A. 50
B. 127
B. 60
C. 60
C. 55
D. 66
D. 45
9. If my data set had an outlier that was 14. When calculating the mean you
quite a bit more than the other numbers
in my data set, what would it do to my A. add all the numbers together and di-
average vide by the number of items
A. leave it the same B. scream
B. increase the average C. cry
C. decrease the average D. pick the one that happens the most
D. none of above 15. The height of 8 different people

are:1.83m, 1.55m, 1.76m, 1.52m,
10. Find the median from the list of num- 1.81m, 1.70m, 1.85m and 1.91m. The
bers:60, 58, 52, 48, 60, 67 range of these heights is:
A. 58 A. 0.39m
B. 59 B. 0.21m
C. 60 C. 0.27m
D. 118 D. 0.16m

16. Which of the following is NOT a measure C. Mode

of central tendency?
D. none of above

A. mode
B. median 22. Measures of central tendency which has
the most number of frequency in the set
C. mean of scores.
D. range
A. Mean
17. A survey was conducted by a chocolate B. Median
manufacturing company, about the likes
and dislikes of the flavors they marketed. C. Mode
Which measure of central tendency will D. Frequency
help them most to make their choice of the
most liked flavor? 23. Measures of central tendency which is
A. Mean greatly affected by extremely low or high
scores.
B. Range
A. Mean
C. Mode
B. Median
D. Median
C. Mode
18. The range of the numbers 34, 32, 12, 65,
and 45 is D. Frequency
A. 11 24. Find the midrange.12, 5, 9, 18, 12, 20, 5,
B. 32 2
C. 53 A. 20
D. 38 B. 15
19. What is the class size of the class 15-30? C. 11
A. 15 D. 18
B. 30
25. It is the number that has the highest fre-
C. 22 quency.
D. 22.5 A. Mode
20. Calculate the median for this set of data22, B. Mean
32, 44, 11, 5, 28, 19, 30.
C. Median
A. Median=22
D. none of above
B. Median=24.5
C. Median=25 26. Which is a synonym for “average?”
D. Median=28 A. median
21. It is also equivalent to fiftieth percentile. B. mode

A. Mean C. range
B. Median D. mean

27. What effect will the outlier have on the C. Rewrite the numbers in order from
median of the data if the outlier is ex- lowest to highest first, then find the num-
cluded? 2, 4, 1, 2, 8, 4, 22 ber in the middle.
A. does not change D. Pick the number that appears most of-
B. insufficient information to conclude ten.
C. decreases 32. Madison has test scores of 93, 82, 86, and
D. increases 75. What must she score on her next test
NARAYAN CHANGDER
to have an average of 86?
28. What do you do if there are two numbers A. 94
in “the middle” when you are finding the
median? B. 90
A. Pick your favorite number C. 86

B. Add the two numbers in the middle & D. 88
then divide by two.
33. The temperature received till Friday was
C. They are both the median 34, 38, 36, 30 and 31. If the temperature
D. None of the above on Saturday drops to 11oC, how does the
inclusion of Saturday’s temperature affect
29. What is the median of the data below?20, the weekly mean temperature?
3, 17, 1, 5 A. increase
A. 5
B. decreases
B. 17
C. does not change
C. 19
D. can not be determined
D. 9.2
34. On a container ship there were 30 small
30. The distribution of heights of adult Amer- containers that each weighed 3 tons, 20
ican men is approximately Normal with medium containers that each weighed 5
mean 69 inches and standard deviation tons, and 10 large containers that each
2.5 inches. What percent of men are be- weighed 8 tons.Find the mean weight of
tween 64 and 66.5 inches tall? the containers on this ship.
A. 50% A. 4.5 tons
B. 2.5% B. 4 tons
C. 13.5% C. 5 tons
D. 34% D. 5.5 tons
31. How do you find the median of the set of 35. Find the median, mode and range:3, 5, 7,
numbers that are not listed in order, like 9, 11, 8, 3
1, 2, 4, 3, 5, 3, 6, 7, 8?
A. median:9 mode:3 range:8
A. Pick the number you see in the middle.
B. median:6 mode:3 range:7
B. Start crossing out at each end until you C. median:7 mode:3 range:8
come to a number in the middle. D. none of above

36. The score or value that tells us the middle What was the height of the unknown stu-
of where all the other values in a distribu- dent?
tion tend to cluster.

A. 164 cm
A. Measure of position B. 166 cm
B. Central Tendency C. 171 cm
C. Mean D. 169 cm
D. Median
42. What does the mean represent in a set of
37. What is the mode in the following num- numbers?
bers? [3, 24, 3, 7, 30, 1, 3, 7, 3] A. the middle number
A. 3 and 7 both are modes B. the average number
B. 1 and 7 both are modes C. the number the appears most often
C. 3 only D. the highest number
D. 7 only
43. Roger tried to fill up fifteen bottles of wa-
38. In the data set below, which number is an ter with the same amount of water. The
outlier?45, 40, 39, 43, 38, 97, 37 amounts of water in the bottles were mea-
sured in ounces. 15.4, 15.5, 16.5, 14.6,
A. 37 16.2, 14.3, 14.8, 16.6, 15.3, 14.7, 16.9,
B. 97 17.2, 15, 15.7, 15.8 Which would be the
C. 43 best measure of center for these amounts
of water?
D. 45
A. range
39. Find the median of:21, 7, 32, 45, 28, 78 B. median
A. 32 & 45 C. mode
B. 78.5 D. mean
C. 45
44. What is the Median?8, 13, 2, 4, 48
D. 30
A. 8
40. What is the Mode? 22, 7, 22, 1, 7, 18, B. 48
18, 16, 6, 6, 7
C. 2
A. 7
D. 9
B. 18
45. Which is not a procedure or step in identi-
C. 21
fying grouped mean?
D. 6 A. Divide the sum of all the product of fre-
41. The heights of six students in a class are quency and class mark by the total fre-
given below:158cm 172cm 164cm164cm quency.
167cm 159cm However, there were ac- B. Multiply the frequency by the class
tually seven students in the class, and mark for each class. Place them in an-
the mean height in the class was 165 cm. other column.

C. Compute for the lower class boundary 50. What is the mode?
of the class with the highest frequency.
A. The value that occurs the most often in
D. Find the midpoint (class mark) of each a data set
class . Place them in a column.
B. The middle number in an ordered set
46. Which formula contains no cf (cumulative of data
frequency)? C. The sum of all the numbers in a data
A. Mean of grouped data set divided by the size
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Median of grouped data D. The sum of the between the greatest
and the least elements, divided by two
C. Mode of grouped data
D. none of above 51. Which is the number that appears the
MOST often?
47. Calculate the median for this set of
A. mean
data.100, 55, 98, 140, 101, 98, 53, 57,
70 B. median
A. 101 C. mode
B. 100 D. range
C. 98.5 52. Paulo got these markers in three tests:72,
D. 98 80 and 82. He had one more test to sit.
He wanted an average of 80 for the four
48. The data {4, 4, 0, 10, 6} represent a ran- tests. What mark must he get in the fourth
dom sample of the number of days absent test?
from school for five students at Monta
Vista High. Find the mean and the stan- A. 78
dard deviation of the data. B. 80
A. The mean is 4.8, and the standard de- C. 84
viation is about 10.56
D. 86
B. The mean is 5.2, and the stand devia-
tion is about 3.31 53. Find the median:3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 8, 3
C. The mean is 4.8, and the standard de- A. 9
viation is about 3.25 B. 5
D. The mean is 24, and the standard devi- C. 7
ation is about 10.96
D. 8
49. Given the set of data below, what would
be the most meaningful measure?1, 1, 1, 54. Which is the closest to what most people
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 21 would call the “average?”
A. Mean A. mean
B. Median B. median
C. Mode C. mode
D. Range D. range

55. The number of pages that Carolyn wrote in C. Red

her journal each day from Monday to Fri- D. Black
day is shown below:9, 8, 12, 6, 10What

is the median number of pages she wrote 60. What is the mode of the following data set
per day? 4, 8, 5, 17, 5, 4, 9, 5, 6, 82
A. 12 A. 4
B. 6 B. 9
C. 9 C. 6
D. 8 D. 5
56. Find the mode.7, 1, 1, 7, 1, 4, 1 61. What is the mode of the data below?12,
14, 5, 12, 5, 12, 11
A. 7
A. 5
B. 3
B. 12
C. 1
C. 5 and 12
D. 4
D. 11.8
57. The scores shown below were received by
four science teams named A, B, C, and D 62. The heights of the starting 5 players on a
in an examination. Each team reported an basketball team are 60 inches, 67 inches,
“average” of 90. Which of the following 64 inches, and 65 inches. If the mean or
is true for the measure of central tendency balance point of the players is 65, what is
that was used by the team?A:80, 85, 90, the height of the 5th player?
95, 100B:93, 92, 90, 90, 91C:80, 86, 95, A. 70
92, 90D:85, 90, 90, 90, 90 B. 69
A. Team D used mean C. 61
B. Team C used mode D. 68
C. Team A used mean
63. What is the definition of the range?
D. Team B used median
A. The average
58. , 31, 37, 46, 29, 38What is the interquar- B. The number that occurs the most
tile range of the data?
C. The middle number
A. 8
D. The difference of the largest and small-
B. 9 est numbers
C. 13
64. In the data set below, which measure of
D. 21 center would best describe the data?0, 1,
0, 14, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0
59. What is the mode of the data set:Black
Blue RedPink Black BlackGray Green Blue- A. the median
Blue Blue RedYellow Blue Red B. the mode
A. Blue and Black C. the mean
B. Blue D. this answer is impossible to know

65. What is the mode of 3, 3, 4, 5, 10? 70. Find the mean of these numbers:2, 57, 38,
A. 3 42, 6
B. 4 A. 29
C. 5 B. 38
D. 10 C. 50
D. 145
66. Gary has taken an aptitude test 8 times
and his scores are 96, 98, 98, 105, 36,
NARAYAN CHANGDER
71. Find the median.7, 1, 1, 7, 1, 4, 1
87, 95, and 93. Which measure of cen-
A. 4
tral tendency is most appropriate for his
scores? B. 7
A. Median C. 1
B. Mode D. 5
C. Mean 72. A data set can have more than one
D. Range A. Median
67. What measure of central tendency (mean, B. Mode
median or mode) would be best for the fol-
C. Mean
lowing set of data?0, 89, 92, 97, 99, 100
D. Midrange
A. Mode, because it is the one that shows
up the most. 73. To find the you put all numbers in order
B. Median, because there is an outlier. from least to greatest and find the number
The outlier could be incorrect and would that is in the middle.
influence the mean too much. A. Mean
C. Mean, because there is not an outlier. B. Median
You should always use the mean.
C. Mode
D. There is not a best measure of central
tendency for this data. D. Range
68. find the median of20 30 40 50 60 74. Fine the mean, median, and mode/s of the
data.2, 8, 10, 12, 56, 9, 5, 2, 4
A. 50
A. mean:12 median:10 mode:2
B. 40
B. mean:12 median:8 mode:2
C. 1
C. mean:14 median:10 mode:2
D. 5
D. none of above
69. What effect will the outlier have on the
median of the data if the outlier is ex- 75. Anna has test scores of 72, 94, 100,
cluded? 4, 6, 3, 4, 3, 6, 24 62.What is the range of her test scores?
A. insufficient information to conclude A. 32
B. increases B. 72
C. decrease C. 38
D. does not change D. 100

76. What is the mean of the data below?1, 5, 81. What’s another word for median?
10, 11, 20 A. variation

A. 10
B. mode
B. 9.4
C. middle
C. 19
D. mean
D. 9.1
82. Find the range.7, 1, 1, 7, 1, 4, 1
77. The number of cookies that were made
at a bakery for each of seven days is A. 6
shown:108, 96, 96, 84, 108, 240, and 84 B. 5
The best measure of center for this data
set is the- C. 7
A. median because 240 is much higher D. 3
than the other numbers in the data set
83. Which formula contains no lower bound-
B. median because all of the values are ary?
close to one another in value
A. Mean of grouped data
C. mean because 240 is much higher than
the other numbers in the data set B. Median of grouped data
D. mean because all of the values are C. Mode of grouped data
close to one another in value D. None of these
78. Find the mode:3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 8, 3
84. What is the Median?34, 98, 12, 45, 61
A. 9
A. 98
B. 8
B. 12
C. 3
C. 34
D. none of above
D. 45
79. In a grouped data, in what class can the
median be found? 85. This statistical number is the middle num-
A. Mean class ber of the data set.
B. Median class A. Mean
C. Modal class B. Median
D. none of above C. Mode
80. Kayte took a sample of 50 pieces of data. D. Range
She added up all of the pieces of data and ∑ f Xm
then divided by 50. What measure of cen- 86. In the formula, mean = n , What is
ter is she working on? the meaning of Xm ?
A. Mean A. frequency
B. Median B. class boundaries
C. Mode C. tally
D. Range D. class mark

87. What does the mean tell you about a data C. 4.5
set D. 5
A. It tells you the number that occurs the
most 92. Which is the MIDDLE?
B. It is the difference between the high- A. Mean

est and lowest number B. Median
C. It tells you the average of the data set C. Mode
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Range
D. It tells you how mad someone is at an-
other persom 93. Roger bowled 7 games last weekend. His
scores are:155, 165, 138, 172, 127, 193,
88. Your basketball team plays 5 games. Your 142. What is Roger’s median score?
team scores:10 points in the first game, 3 A. 127
points in the second game, 2 points in the
B. 155
third game, 5 points in the fourth game,
and 0 points in the fifth game. What C. 156
was the mean number of points your team D. 193
scored for all 5 games?
94. Find the mode of:1, 2, 3, 4
A. 3 points
A. 2.5
B. 4 points
B. 2 & 3
C. 5 points
C. No mode
D. 10 points
D. 3
89. What is the value of grouped mean if
∑ f Xm = 6807 and n = 80 rounded 95. Find the median.5, 15, 10, 20, 15, 10, 15
in two decimal places? A. 20
A. 85.00 B. 15
B. 85.09 C. 10
C. 85.10 D. 5
D. 86 96. If you have two numbers in the middle,
you should
90. Find the median:29, 41, 48, 48, 52, 68,
76, 77, 84 A. add them together and divide by two
A. 52 B. find the number in between the two
B. 29 C. find the mean of the two numbers
C. 88 D. all of these
D. none of above 97. The front row in a movie theatre has 23
seats. If you were asked to sit in the seat
91. , 4, 2 that occupied the median position, in which
A. 2 seat would you have to sit?
B. 6 A. 17

B. 11 C. 92
C. 15 D. 93

D. 12
103. When finding the median, what do you
98. For a data containing 15 items arranged in do if there are two middle numbers?
ascending order, what item is the median A. Add them together and divide by 2
of the data
B. Write them both as the answer
A. 7th item
C. Give up
B. 8th item
C. 6th and 7th item D. Pick one
D. 7th and 8th item 104. Find the mode of the data set;Identify the
outlier, andFind the mode excluding out-
99. Terrance’s homework grade was a 72, his liers:100, 100, 100, 20, 120, 90.
project grade was an 80 and his exam
grade was an 82. Homework is worth A. 110, 120, 100
10% of the final grade, the project was B. 100, 100, 100
worth 50%, and the exam was worth
40%.What was Terrance’s final grade? C. 20, 100, 20
A. 80 D. 100, 20, 100
B. 78 105. Which measure of central tendency is
C. 82 greatly affected by extreme scores?
D. 76 A. Mode
100. Find the mean.18, 2, 0, 0, 0 B. Median
A. 4 C. Mean
B. 5 D. none of these
C. 10
106. The mean is
D. 20
A. The middle score
101. The mode is B. Total & divided by number of scores
A. The middle score C. The most frequent score
B. Scores added & divided by the number
D. The middle when in order
of scores
C. The most frequent score 107. Ervin bowled 7 games last weekend. His
D. The middle when in order scores are:155, 165, 138, 172, 127, 193,
142. What is the range of Ervin’s scores?
102. Jade has grades of 91 and 90 in Math. A. 193
What grade must she obtain on the third
quarter to get an average of 91? B. 127
A. 90 C. 60
B. 91 D. 66

108. The range is 113. The range of a data set can be found by
A. highest minus lowest
A. subtracting the minimum from the
B. the one that occurs the most
maximum
C. the average
B. choosing the middle number
D. none of above
C. choosing the number that occurs most
109. What is an outlier?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. finding the sum of the numbers and
A. A value that is much less or much
then dividing by the total amount of num-
greater than the other values in a data set.
bers in the data set
B. The difference between the upper and 114. What is the value of f Xm if f = 6 and Xm
lower quartiles of a data set. = 58?
C. The mean of the distances from each A. 9.667
data value in a set to the mean of a set. B. 64
D. The difference between the greatest C. -52
and least numbers in a data set.
D. 358
110. Find the mean of the set of data5.5, 4.5,
115. The heights of some students are
6.75, 3.25
given.158cm 172cm 164cm164cm 167cm
A. 6 159cm What is the range of the heights?
B. 4.5 A. 13cm
C. 5 B. 14cm
D. 4 C. 164cm
D. 330cm
111. If you score 76, 85, 97, and 83 on your
math tests for the unit, what would your 116. The shelf life of a particular dairy product
median score be? is normally distributed with a mean of 12
A. 84 days and a standard deviation of 3 days.
About what percent of the products last
B. 90 between 12 and 15 days?
C. 85 A. 68%
D. 88 B. 34%
112. What is the type of mode found in the C. 16%
following data:3, 5, 20, 2, 3, 11, 18, 5, D. 2.5%
13?
117. By how much will the mean vary if the
A. Unimodal
outlier is included?79, 69, 81, 73, 38, 86,
B. Bimodal 68
C. Multimodal A. 70.6
D. none of above B. 5.9

C. 76 C. 3.8
D. 5.4 D. 4.0

118. If the mean of a data set is 10, what is
123. What is the commonly used measure of
the missing piece of data? 5, 4, 7, 15, 12,
central tendency?
A. Mode
A. 7
B. 17 B. Median
C. 20 C. Mean
D. 16 D. none of above
119. In the first round of the playoffs, Ben 124. What is the Mean?9, 5, 7
Simmons points (in each game) was listed
below. How many points per game is he A. 8
averaging in the playoffs?17, 24, 19, 17, B. 11
14
C. 7
A. 16.8
D. 6
B. 17.8
C. 17 125. , 31, 37, 46, 29, 38What is the third
D. 18.2 quartile of the data?
A. 37
120. The median of the numbers 34, 32, 12,
65, and 45 is B. 38
A. 12 C. 40
B. 32 D. 46
C. 34
D. 65 126. Find the mean of these numbers:5, 11, 2,
12, 4, 2
121. Which set of data has a higher A. 4.1
mean?BOB:1.3, 3.1, 4.1, 2.5, 2.2,
2.8MEGAN:5.5, 1.1, 1.2, 2.4, 3.8, 2.0, B. 6
1.9 C. 4.5
A. BOB > MEGAN
D. 4
B. BOB < MEGAN
C. BOB=MEGAN 127. If the range of a set of scores is 18 and
the lowest score is 8, what is the highest
D. none of above
score?
122. Calculate the GPA if you take a total of 6 A. 10
classes, each grade counts as 1 credit, and
you make 4 A’s and 2 B’s B. 11
A. 3.800 C. 12
B. 3.667 D. 13

128. The scores awarded to 25 students for C. Mode

an assignment were as follows:4 7 5 9 8
D. Range
6778569858747368976
9What is the mode? 133. If you take 5 quizzes and get scores of
A. 6 95%, 95%, 80%, 85%, and 75%, how
B. 7 would you find your mean quiz score?
C. 8 A. Find the score that is in the middle.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. 9 B. Add all the scores together and divide
by the number of scores.
129. Another word for mean is
C. Add 95 + 80 + 85 + 75 together and
A. average divide by 4.
B. mode D. Identify the quiz score that appears
C. Mrs. Childs most often.
D. range
134. A set of data is given:3, 7, 11, 11,
130. What is the median? 16Jesse calculated a measure of center
and got 9.6, which measure of center did
A. The value that occurs the most often in he just calculate?
a data set
A. Mean
B. The middle number in an ordered set
of data B. Median
C. The sum of all the numbers in a data C. Mode
set divided by the size
D. Range
D. The sum of the between the greatest
and the least elements, divided by two 135. , 35, 44, 50If I add 10 to each piece of
data to make a new data set, (20, 30, 40,
131. To find the you put all numbers in or- 40, 45, 54, 60)which stat calculation will
der from least to greatest and then take NOT change?
the largest number minus the smallest
number. A. Mean
A. Mean B. Median
B. Median C. Mode
C. Mode D. Range
D. Range
136. Find the mean of the following cell phone
132. Harley surveyed his classmates about usage per month:445, 516, 618, 575,
how many siblings they have and got the 288
following data:0, 1, 3, 5, 4, 2, 2, 9, 1, A. 488.4
2, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 3 Which measure is best
measure of center of the data? B. 484
A. Mean C. 488
B. Median D. 487.5

7.5 Measures of dispersion 247
137. Which measure of central tendency is D. All of the above

most appropriate for a data that describes
the heights of grade 5 students? 139. To find the average of a set of numbers,

add up all the items and divide by
A. Mode
A. 2.
B. Outlier
C. Mean B. The smallest number
D. Median C. The largest number
D. The number of items in the set.
138. In which of the following situations
would the mean be an appropriate mea- 140. I have been walking to keep fit. These
sure of central tendency? I. when the data are the number of miles I have been walk-
set contains no outliers II. when using cat- ing everyday:5, 4, 3, 5, 4.5, 5.5 and 2.5.
egorical data III. when an exact average What is my mean walking distance?
is needed IV. when the middle value is
needed A. 3.5
A. II and III only B. 4.75
B. I and III only C. 4.21
C. I, III, and IV only D. 3.71
7.5 Measures of dispersion

1. It is defined as the square root of the vari- 4. Dispersion measures
ance. A. The scatterness of a set of observation
A. coefficient of variation
B. midrange B. The concentration of a set of observa-
C. standard deviation tions
D. kurtosis C. Both (a) and (b)

D. Neither (a) and (b)
2. When calculating variance, what do you
do? 5. Standard de3viataion is usually used to
compare two sets of data. If the value of
A. cubing the answer
the standard deviation is very small the
B. divide the answer data is more
C. multiply the answer A. dispersed
D. square the answer B. consistent
3. If the variance of a data set is 30.25, what C. random data
is the standard deviation? D. none of above
A. 5.5 6. Which of the following is not a measure of
B. 15.125 dispersion?
C. 60.5 A. range
D. 915.0625 B. variance

C. standard deviation 12. The interquartile range of a set of data

is 18. Find the new interquartile range if
D. mode
each value in the set of data is multiplied
by 4.
7. Which measure of center best represents
this set of data?12, 13, 11, 16, 31, 14, A. 18
10, 15 B. 72
A. Mean C. 288
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. median D. 54
C. mode
13. Order the data and find the Q12, 3, 3, 3,
D. none of above 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8,
8, 9, 9
8. is the tool of measure of the variation A. 3
of the items.
B. 4
A. Mode
C. 5
B. Mean
D. 6
C. Hypothesis
14. What is the first step when calculating the
D. Dispersion
Mean Absolute Deviation?
9. Mhel’s score in a 75 item test was the me- A. Find the distance each value is from
dian score. What is his percentile rank? the mean
A. 35th B. Find the mean of the distances
B. 50th C. Find the mean of the data

D. none of above
C. 25th
D. 75th 15. If a number is added to the set that is near
the mean, how does this affect standard
10. Calculate Standard Deviation deviation?
A. 70.92 A. increase
B. 72.92 B. decrease
C. 74.92 C. stay the same

D. both increase and decrease
D. 76.92
16. Which measure of central tendency would
11. A value that is much higher or much lower be the least appropriate to calculate if
than the other values in a set of data. there are extreme scores?
A. Outlier A. Mean
B. Box Plot B. Median
C. Range C. Mode
D. Histogram D. none of above

17. What is another word for average? 22. What is standard deviation?
A. Mean A. used to estimate the percentage of val-

ues within a few standard deviations of
B. Median the mean
C. Mode B. the ratio of the standard deviation to
D. Range the mean as a percentage
C. a measure of how much might be ex-
18. All of the below sets have the same pected of a typical member of the data set
mean.Set 1-Standard Deviation=3.1Set to differ from the mean
2-Standard Deviation=4.9Set 3-Standard
D. the square of the standard deviation
Deviation=1.7Set 4-Standard Devia-
tion=3.2Which set of data probably has 23. What is the standard deviation for the
the points closest to the mean? data given:5, 10, 7, 12, 0, 20, 15, 22,
A. 1 8, 2
A. 6.89
B. 2
B. 10.1
C. 3
C. 7.26
D. 4
D. 9
19. Find the median:5, 6, 3, 9, 0, 4, 1, 2, 7 24. Ms. Rork’s class had a range of test
A. 4 grades from 78 to 97. She forgot to add
in a student who got an 80% on the test.
B. 4.1 How will this affect the range?
C. 5 A. Increase
D. 4.5 B. Decrease
C. Stay the Same
20. A(n) of a data set is much greater or
much less than the other data values. D. none of above
A. mean 25. For the data set below, which of the fol-
lowing measures is greatest?{20, 25 30,
B. median
31, 32, 45, 45, 80}
C. mode A. Mean
D. outlier B. Median
C. Mode
21. Calculate the interquartile range of the fol-
lowing data:17, 18, 18, 19, 20, 21, 21, D. Range
23, 25
26. To find the interquartile range (IQR)
A. 3
A. Q1-Q3
B. 8 B. Q3-Q2
C. 4 C. Q3-Q1
D. 5 D. Q2-Q1

27. The most commonly used measure of dis- B. decrease

persion is C. stay the same
A. Range D. both increase and decrease
B. Quartile deviation
33. What is the range of the following set of
C. Standard deviation
data?15, 25, 33, 33, 42, 47
D. Coefficient of variation
A. 33
NARAYAN CHANGDER
28. True or FalseTo find the IQR (interquartile B. 32
range) you have to add the Q3 + Q1.
C. 34
A. True
D. 35
B. False
34. Which of the measures of location is used
C. Both
in computing for the variance of a distribu-
D. None of these tion?
29. Which of the following is a measure of A. mean
spread (dispersion)? B. median
A. mean C. mode
B. median D. midrange
C. mode
35. The data set below has an outlier of 42.2,
D. standard deviation 5, 12, 15, 19, 4, 6, 11, 16, 18, 12, 12,
30. Four data sets are shown below.Set 1:{10, 42What effect does removing the outlier
19, 38, 50, 51}Set 2:{5, 21, 26, 39, have on the distribution of the data?
51}Set 3:{9, 38, 50, 50, 51}Set 4:{5, 28, A. The mean will decrease
28, 28, 51}Which data set has the largest
B. The median will decrease
standard deviation?
C. The mean will increase
A. Set 1
D. The median will increase
B. Set 2
C. Set 3 36. The salary of the employees in the office
were $15, 000; $18, 000; $16, 000; $14,
D. Set 4
000; $90, 000; and $17, 000. What is
31. Find the mode:5, 0, 9, 9, 3, 0, 5, 5, 4 the best measure of the central tendency
of the salaries?
A. 9
A. Mean
B. 5
B. Median
C. 3
C. Mode
D. 7
D. Range
32. If a number is added to the set that is in
the middle of the data, how does this af- 37. What is the mean of this data set?6, 7, 2,
fect the range? 1, 5, 2, 1, 6
A. increase A. 24.75

B. 3 43. If a data set is bimodal, how many modes

C. 3.7 does it have?

D. 3.8 A. 1
38. If 10 is added to every value in a set of B. 2
data, what will happen to the value of the
C. 3
median?
A. it will increase by 10 D. 4
B. it will decrease by 10
44. What measures of position divides the dis-
C. it will stay the same tribution into 4 equal parts?
D. it will both increase and decrease
A. quartiles
39. A set of of data has a minimum value of
B. deciles
15 and a maximum value of 40. Find the
new range if two numbers, 8 and 35, are C. percentiles
added to the set of the data.
D. range
A. 20
B. 25 45. Find the range of these numbers:15, 2, 3,
C. 32 7, 8, 4, 3, 2, 16, 2, 4
D. 35 A. 2
40. A teacher needs to report the average of B. 13
her last long quiz to her superior. Here are
C. 14
the scores, 58, 37, 25, 43, 38, 22, 31, 49,
53, 28. D. 7
A. 35.00
B. 38.50 46. How to find interquartile range for group
data?
C. 35.30
D. 38.40 A. Histogram
B. Bar chart
41. The Variance of a data is 2.5. Find the new
variance if each data is multiplied by 3. C. Ogive
A. 22.5 D. Polygon
B. 7.5
C. 13.5 47. The positive square root is taken of the
population variance then collected mea-
D. none of above
sure is transformed into
42. The median score is also the
A. Standard root
A. 75th percentile
B. Standard deviation
B. 5th decile
C. 3rd decile C. Standard variance
D. 1st quartile D. Sample variance

48. A number that is either MUCH larger or 53. Given the range is 5, if each data is mul-
MUCH smaller than the rest of the num- tiplied with 3, what is the value of new
bers is a(n) range?
A. outlier A. 5
B. inlier B. 8
C. lier C. 10
D. I’m lying D. 15
NARAYAN CHANGDER
49. Coefficient of standard deviation is the ra- 54. The variance of a set of data is 18. Find
tio of the new variance if each value in the set
of the data is substracted by 5 and the di-
A. Mean to Standard Deviation
vided by 3.
B. Standard Deviation to Mean
A. 2
C. Median to Standard Deviation
B. 6
D. Standard Deviation to Median
C. 8
50. It is most appropriate to calculate the D. 11
mean when using which level of measure-
ment? 55. The variance of a set of the data is 35. If
each value in the set of the data is multi-
A. Nominal data
plied by 2, find the new variance.
B. Ordinal data
A. 35
C. Interval data
B. 70
D. none of above
C. 105
51. What does this symbol represent? σ D. 140
A. Mean Deviation
56. What measure of center is best to use
B. Standard Deviation when we have outliers?
C. Variance A. mean
D. Sigma B. median
52. The mode score on the 6th grade math test C. mode
was 94! Which of these interpretations D. range
MUST be correct?
57. What is the standard deviation for the
A. 94 was the highest score on the test.
data given:{12, 13, 29, 18, 61, 35, 21}
B. More students received a 94 than any
A. 293.67
other score
B. 15.87
C. No student scored below a 94
C. 17.14
D. A score of 91 was slightly below aver-
age. D. 41.98

58. Which of the following best describes the 63. Joanne’s Z-score is-1.5. What does this
process of finding the range for a set of mean?
data?

A. She didn’t take the test yet.
A. ADD the biggest and smallest numbers B. She scored 1.5 standard deviations be-
low the average.
B. Place the number in order from least C. She did better than most people.
to greatest then find the middle.
D. No clue
C. Find the difference between the Maxi-
mum and the Minimum. 64. Order the data and find the median or Q22,
3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6,
D. Find the average. 7, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9
59. What is the first step when calculating the A. 3
popular standard deviation? B. 4
A. find the mean C. 5
B. take the square root D. 6
C. divide the number of data points 65. Which measure of central tendency would
D. add all of the differences squared to- not be appropriate to calculate if there is
gether no value that is the most common?
A. Mean
60. Find the interquartile range of the data:20,
22, 25, 29, 31 B. Median
A. 30 C. Mode
B. 21 D. none of above
C. 25 66. What is the outlier in this data set?{23,

60, 30, 21, 25, 35, 29}
D. 9
A. 35
61. Find the Mean Absolute Deviation:10, 9, B. 21
3, 8, 10. The Mean is 8
C. 30
A. 3
D. 60
B. 5
67. Identify the outlier for the given data? 23,
C. 1
34, 27, 7, 30, 26, 28, 31, 34
D. 2
A. 7
62. Find the interquartile range for this set of B. 23
data 1 3 4 6 7 9 11 C. 31
A. 3 D. 34
B. 4
68. , 10, 12, 12, 15, 17, 19, 20, 26, 21, 24,
C. 6 30Solve for P50.
D. 9 A. 15

B. 17 A. Find the distance each value is from

C. 19 the mean
D. 20 B. Find the mean of the distances

C. Find the mean of the data
69. Which of the measures of dispersion only
uses two values in the distribution? D. none of above
A. range
74. In a 100 item test, the passing mark is the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. standard deviation 3rd quartile. What does it imply?
C. variance A. The students should answer at least 75
D. mean deviation items correctly to pass the test.
70. How many standard deviations is 95% B. The students should answer at least
within the mean? 50 items correctly to pass the test.
A. 1 C. The students should answer at most
75 items correctly to pass the test.
B. 2
C. 3 D. The students should answer at most
50 items correctly to pass the test.
D. 4
75. All examples are method to measure sta-
71. Suppose you have 3 data values of 12, 14,
tistical dispersion except
and 16. If a value of 30 is added to the
data set, what effect does this have on the A. Variance
mean and standard deviation?
B. Interquartile Range
A. The mean and standard deviation will
not change. C. Standard Deviation
B. The mean will increase, but the stan- D. Mode

dard deviation will not change.
76. Find the MAD for the following set:85, 90,
C. Both the mean and standard deviation 68, 75, 79
will increase.
A. 79.4
D. The mean will stay the same, but the
standard deviation will increase. B. 6.48
72. Adam’s Z-score on a test is +2.5. What C. 32.4

does this mean? D. 79
A. He’d better start studying.
77. , 10, 12, 12, 15, 17, 19, 20, 26, 21, 24,
B. He did better than EVERYONE.
30Find the D7 score.
C. He scored 2.5 standard deviations
above the average. A. 17
D. He did terrible. B. 19
C. 20
73. What is the second step when calculating
the Mean Absolute Deviation? D. 26

78. The time spent in minutes b 20 students 83. All of the below sets have the same
waiting in a line to buy their favourite mean.Set 1-Standard Deviation=3.1Set
meal were:3.4 2.1 3.8 2.2 4.5 1.4 0 0 2-Standard Deviation=4.9Set 3-Standard

1.6 4.8 1.5 1.9 0 3.6 5.2 2.7 3.0 0.8 3.8 Deviation=1.7Set 4-Standard Devia-
5.2What is the upper quartile or Q3? tion=3.2Which set of data has points clos-
A. 2 est to the mean on average (the least
average spread)?
B. 2.45
A. 1
C. 3
B. 2
D. 3.8
C. 3
79. The number of miles that Kiki cycled each
D. 4
week for a 7-week period is shown:36,
42, 28, 52, 48, 36, 31 What is the me-
84. Find the standard deviation for the follow-
dian number of miles Kiki cycled?
ing data; 86, 95, 78, 67, and 85.
A. 24
A. 82.2
B. 36
B. 5
C. 39
C. 9.33
D. 52
D. 10.43
80. The relative measure of dispersion is
85. If the standard deviation of a data set is
A. Range
4, what is the variance?
B. Standard Deviation
A. 2
C. Coefficient of variation
B. 16
D. Variance
C. 4
81. Find the median of these numbers:4, 2, 7, D. none of above
4, 3
A. 2 86. Find the mean of the following data.13,
35, 33, 47, 38, 37, 42, 16, 14
B. 5
C. 7 A. 32.55
D. 4 B. 30.56
C. 31.55
82. Given the data:136, 150, 119, 150, 125,
140.Find the upper quartile (Q3). (Hint D. 31.56
put the numbers in order and find the
median to help you find Q3) 87. Find the MAD:58, 38, 54, 48, 26, 36
A. 125 A. 43
B. 150 B. 20
C. 139.5 C. 10
D. 143 D. 12

7.6 Decision making with hypothesis testing 256
88. The lower quartile is equal to B. 9

A. 50th percetile C. 4
B. 25th percentile D. 5
C. 2nd decile
92. What is the name of the curve for the Em-
D. 3rd quartile pirical Rule?
89. How do you find the Interquartile Range? A. upside down
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. divide the 3rd quartile by the 1st quar- B. Bell Shape
tile
C. skewed left
B. subtract the biggest number by the
smallest number D. skewed right
C. divide the biggest number by the small- 93. When finding the median what is the FIRST
est number step?
D. subtract the 3rd quartile by the 1st A. Mark off the lowest number
quartile
B. Mark off the highest number
90. When a distribution is divided into ten C. Find the Middle
equal parts, each score point describes the
distribution as D. Arrange the number from Least to
Greatest
A. percentile
B. quantiles 94. Which of the following is a measure of
C. quartile variability?
D. decile A. mean
B. median
91. find the lower quartile of the following set
of scores12, 9, 4, 6, 5, 8, 9, 4, 10, 2 C. mode
A. 10 D. standard deviation
7.6 Decision making with hypothesis testing

1. A Type II error is the error of D. none of above
A. accepting Ho when it is false 3. A hypothesis that states that there is no
B. accepting Ho when it is true difference between two parameters
C. rejecting Ho when it is false A. Null
D. rejecting Ho when it is true B. Alternative
2. What separates the critical region from the C. Type I error
noncritical region? D. Type II error
A. critical value 4. Failing to reject a null hypothesis that is
B. computed value false can be characterized as
C. z-score A. a Type I error

B. a Type II error B. Type I error

C. both a Type I and Type II error C. Statistical hypothesis

D. no error D. Alternative
5. A Type I error is when:
10. The null and alternative hypothesis can be
A. We obtain the wrong test statistic
the same.
B. We reject the null hypothesis when it
is actually true A. Yes
C. We fail to reject the null hypothesis B. No

when it’s actually false C. Maybe
D. We reject the alternate hypothesis
D. All the above
when it’s actually true
6. It is the statistical method used in making 11. The maximum probability of a Type I er-
decisions using experimental data. ror that the decision maker will tolerate is
A. observation called
B. simple analysis A. the level of significance

C. analytical testing B. critical value
D. hypothesis testing C. decision value
7. A P-value indicates: D. probability value
A. the probability that the null hypothesis
is true 12. What term is being used to describe a
proposed explanation, assertion, or as-
B. the probability of obtaining the results sumption about a population parameter or
(or one more extreme) if the null hypothe- about the distribution of a random vari-
sis is true able?
C. the probability that the alternative hy-
pothesis is true A. statistic
D. probability of a Type I error B. decision
8. Using a left-tailed test, which of the fol- C. hypothesis

lowing value of z will not fall in the re- D. probability
jection region where the critical value is-
1.638? 13. Suppose the P-value for a hypothesis test
A. -1.637 is 0.0304. Using a = 0.05, what is the
appropriate conclusion?
B. -1.639
C. -1.641 A. Reject the null hypothesis
D. -1.706 B. Reject the alternative hypothesis
9. A statement about a population parame- C. Fail to reject the null hypothesis

ter D. Fail to reject the alternative hypothe-
A. Level of significance sis

14. Which of the following would be an appro- 19. The following are methods used to test hy-
priate null hypothesis? potheses except:
A. The mean of a sample is equal to 80. A. traditional (computed value) method
B. The mean of a population is equal to 80 B. p-value method
C. confidence interval method
C. The mean of a population is not equal
to 80. D. survey method
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. The mean of a population is greater 20. What do you mean by Confidence Level is
than 80. 95 %
15. By taking a level of significance of 5% it A. 95 percent of the times the researcher
is the same as saying is correct
A. We are 5% confident the results have B. 95 percent of the time the researcher
not occurred by chance can get the correct data
B. We are 95% confident that the results C. 95 percent of the time the researcher
have not occurred by chance cannot go wrong
C. We are 95% confident that the results
have occurred by chance
D. none of above 21. H0 : µ = k Ha : µ ̸= k What is the ap-
propriate hypothesis test used for this?
16. What hypothesis states equality or no dif-
ference, or no relationship/effect? A. right-tailed test
A. statistical hypothesis B. left-tailed test
B. null hypothesis C. two-tailed test
C. alternative hypothesis D. none of above
D. none of above
22. When p-value is greater than alpha we:
17. A value from the normal distribution table A. Reject Ho
that separates the shaded and unshaded
region B. Fail to reject Ha
A. Critical values C. Fail to reject Ho
B. Critical region D. Reject Ha
C. Type II error
23. It is a proposed explanation, assertion, or
D. Level of significance assumption about a population parameter
or about the distribution of a random vari-
18. Occurs if the null hypothesis is not rejected
able.
when it is actually false
A. Type I error A. hypothesis
B. Type II error B. hypothesis testing

C. Level of significance C. conclusion
D. Null D. proposition

24. It is a statement that describes that there 29. Which value separates the critical region
is no difference between a parameter and from the noncritical region in a normal
a specific value. curve when testing the hypothesis?

A. Hypothesis A. computed value
B. Alternative Hypothesis B. t-value
C. Sample Hypothesis
C. z-value
D. Null Hypothesis
D. critical value
25. It is a statistical method applied in mak-
ing decisions using experimental data. Hy- 30. Occurs if the null hypothesis is rejected
pothesis testing is basically testing an as- when it is actually true
sumption that we make about a popula-
A. Hypothesis testing
tion.
A. conclusion B. Type I error
B. hypothesis testing C. Type II error
C. hypothesis D. Critical region
D. proposition
31. Which of the following must be used as
26. A result was said to be significant at the the significance level if we want a lower
5% level. This means: possibility of correct decision?
A. the null hypothesis is probably wrong A. 1%
B. the result would be unexpected if the
B. 5%
null hypothesis were true
C. the null hypothesis is probably true C. 10%
D. none of the above D. 2%
27. What do you call the decision making pro- 32. If a hypothesis is rejected at the 0.025
cess for evaluating claims about a popula- level of significance
tion based on the characteristics of a sam-
ple purportedly coming out from the popu- A. must be rejected at any level
lation? B. must be rejected at the 0.01 level
A. Hypothesis Testing C. must not be rejected at the 0.01 level
B. Hypothesis
D. d. must not be rejected at any other
C. Alternative Hypothesis level
D. Null Hypothesis
33. The claim being assessed in a hypothesis
28. Hypothesis Testing is done for which kind test
of research study
A. Null hypothesis
A. Qualitative
B. Quantitative B. Alternative hypothesis
C. Both C. P-Value
D. none of above D. Parameter

34. In hypothesis testing, the level of signifi- 39. It is also referred to as a probability of
cance is committing an incorrect decision about the
A. the probability of committing a Type II null hypothesis.
erro A. level of error
B. the probability of committing a Type I B. level of statistic
error
C. level of acceptance
C. the probability of either a Type I or
D. level of significance
NARAYAN CHANGDER
Type II, depending on the hypothesis to be
tested 40. In hypothesis testing, the hypothesis
D. none of the above which is tentatively assumed to be true is
called the
35. Which of the following is the FIRST step of
a hypothesis test? A. correct hypothesis
A. Check assumptions & conditions B. null hypothesis
B. Find your test statistic C. alternative hypothesis
C. State your conclusion D. level of significance

D. State your null & alternative hypothe- 41. When the null hypothesis has been true,
ses but the sample information has resulted in
the rejection of the null, a has been
36. Which hypothesis is generally formulated
made.
to look for evidence to support a claim
called a research hypothesis? A. level of significance
A. statistical hypothesis B. Type II error
B. null hypothesis C. critical value
C. alternative hypothesis D. Type I error
D. none of above 42. A decision-making process for evaluating
37. The statement “There number of comput- claims about a population
ers delivered on a daily basis is not 20” is A. Alternative
an example of what kind of hypothesis?
B. Null
A. Null Hypothesis
C. Hypothesis testing
B. Hypothesis Testing
D. Critical values
C. Sample Hypothesis
D. Alternative Hypothesis 43. What hypothesis states no equality or ex-
istence of differences, relationship, or ef-
38. The probability of a Type I error fect?
A. Level of significance A. statistical hypothesis
B. Null B. null hypothesis
C. Critical value C. alternative hypothesis
D. Statistical hypothesis D. none of above

44. What do you call a tentative explanation 49. A hypothesis that states the existence of
for an observation, phenomenon, or scien- a difference between two parameters
tific problem that can be tested by further

A. Null
investigation.
B. Alternative
A. Alternative Hypothesis
C. Type I error
B. Hypothesis
D. Type II error
C. Null Hypothesis
50. In hypothesis testing, b is
D. Sample Hypothesis
A. the probability of committing a Type II
45. A level of significance of 5% means: error
A. There’s a 5% chance we’re wrong B. the probability of committing a Type I
B. There’s a 5% chance we’ll be wrong if error
we fail to reject the null hypothesis C. the probability of either a Type I or
C. There’s a 5% chance we’ll be wrong if Type II, depending on the hypothesis to be
we reject the null hypothesis. tested
D. There’s a 5% chance you’ll get an A on D. none of above

the test. 51. For finding the p-value when the popula-
tion standard deviation is unknown, if it is
46. The rejection region-shaded part of the
reasonable to assume that the population
graph
is normal, we use
A. Critical region
A. the z distribution
B. Critical values
B. the t distribution with n-1 degrees of
C. Hypothesis testing freedom
D. Level of significance C. the t distribution with n + 1 degrees
of freedom
47. A hypothesis test in which rejection of the
null hypothesis occurs for values of the D. None of the above
point estimator in either tail of the sam- 52. Which of the following yields correct deci-
pling distribution is called sion?
A. the null hypothesis A. Accept a false null hypothesis
B. the alternative hypothesis B. Reject a true null hypothesis
C. a one-tailed test C. Accept a true null hypothesis
D. a two-tailed test D. none of above
48. Define a Type I error? 53. What do you call the number or numerical
A. The failure to reject a false null hypoth- value that describes a population charac-
esis teristic?
B. Rejecting a true null hypothesis A. Sample
C. The acceptance to reject a null hypoth- B. Hypothesis
esis C. Parameter
D. Accepting a true null hypothesis D. Population

7.7 parametric and non-parametric tests. 262
54. What does it mean to say a test is two- B. alpha error

tailed? C. critical value error
A. There is no predicted direction for the D. none of above
alternative hypothesis
B. There are two alternative hypotheses 56. Which test hypothesis states that there is
no difference between two parameters?
C. There are two types of error
A. Null hypothesis
D. none of above
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Point hypothesis
55. Type I error is also called C. Significance hypothesis
A. beta error D. Alternative hypothesis
7.7 parametric and non-parametric tests.

1. The number of degrees of freedom in a Chi A. Wilcoxon
square table with 3 rows and 4 columns B. Kruskal-Wallis
are
C. Mann-Whitney
A. 12
D. Friedman
B. 6
5. In one of your experiment you counted
C. 7 1600 seeds, and observed 404 as yel-
D. 3 low and rounded, 420 as yellow and wrin-
kled, 400 green and round, 376 green and
2. For the application of chi-square test, the wrinkled. Could it be that seed colour
expected frequency in each cell should be and shape outcome are equal likely at 5%
A. At least five level of significance. What is the value of
B. Four chi square calculated?
A. 2.56
C. Atleast Three
B. 2.35
C. 2.48
3. The hypothesis in an analysis of variance D. 3.15
gets rejected if
6. The chi-square test of independence relies
A. MS between groups is significantly
upon what type of data?
greater than MS within group
A. Measured data
B. MS within group is significantly
greater than MS between groups B. Percentages
C. MS within group is equal to MS be- C. Categorical data
tween groups D. Absolute values
D. None of the above 7. Null and alternative hypotheses are state-
ments about:
4. What test we can used to find the differ-
ences between three or more groups from A. population parameters.
an independent-measures design? B. sample parameters.

C. sample statistics. D. Both a & b

D. it depends-sometimes population pa- 12. Which statement are true about chi-

rameters and sometimes sample statis- square?I. Nonparametric testII.The
tics. chi-square distribution is positively
8. Which of the following is NOT true about skewedIII.Have five types of chi-square
the standard error of a statistic? testIV.Parametric test
A. The standard error increases as the A. I and II
sample size(s) increases. B. I and IV
B. The standard error can never be a neg- C. II, III and Iv
ative number.
D. I, II and III
C. The standard error is the estimated
standard deviation of the sample distribu- 13. To determine whether the test statistic of
tion ANOVA is statistically significant, it can be
D. none of above compared to a critical value. What two
pieces of information are needed to deter-
9. Twenty-five children are chosen randomly mine the critical value?
from a school playground. Their height- A. MS(between), MS(within)
sare measured when they first come into
school the next morning, and again just B. mean, sample standard deviation
before they go home that same evening. C. expected frequency, obtained fre-
What statistical test could be usedto quency
test the hypothesis that their morning
D. sample size, number of groups
heights are no different from theirevening
heights? 14. The observed values are 30, 35, 38, 37,
A. Independent T Test 39, 42, 45. What will be value of Chi
square calculated
B. Paired T Test
A. 3.75
C. Regression
D. Z test B. 3.68
C. 3.91
10. The critical value of z for a two tail 90%
confidence interval is D. 2.68
A. 1.29 15. In which of the following cases could you
B. 1.65 use a paired-samples t-test?
C. 1.96 A. When comparing the same partici-
pants performance before and after train-
D. 2.33
ing
11. In analysis of variance, which form of vari- B. When assessing relationships be-
ance must be estimated? tween two groups
A. Within group variance C. When comparing two separate groups
B. Between group variance
C. Difference of within group variance to D. When comparing men and women’s
between group variance scores

16. For a random sample of 9 women, their 112, 121. Girls-112, 115, 116, 121,
average resting pulse rate is 76 beats per 124, 118. Find sum of ranks of Boys
minute, and the sample standard deviation
A. 42
is 5. The standard error of the sample
mean is B. 24
A. 0.557 C. 22
B. 0.745 D. 44
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 1.667
21. If the p-value is less than or equal to your
D. 2.778
alpha, the null hypothesis is
17. In testing a hypothesis about two popu- A. accepted
lation means, it the t distribution is used,
which of the following assumptions is re- B. not accepted
quired? C. rejected
A. The sample sizes are equal. D. not to be rejected
B. Both population means are the same.
22. Two students compared two brands of
C. The standard deviations are not the
chips, Frito Lays and Golden Flakes, to see
same.
which company gives you more for your
D. Both populations are normally dis- money. Five bags of each brand (which,
tributed. according to the label, each contained 35.4
grams) were measured with a very accu-
18. Indicate whether you would expect a pos-
rate scale. Use the Mann Whitney test to
itive or a negative correlation:Model year
see if there are any significant differences
and price for a used Honda
between the two brands in the amount of
A. Negative product they put in their bags. What can
B. Positive be the alternate hypothesis?
C. Linear A. Frito Lays gives you more chips than
Golden Flakes
D. none of above
B. Frito Lays gives you less chips than
19. The following are characteristics of Chi- Golden Flakes
square test of independence except:
C. Frito Lays gives you either more or
A. Categories are mutually exclusive less chips than Golden Flakes
B. observations must be independent
D. none of above
C. assumes a non-directional hypothesis
23. Which statistical measure of central ten-
D. The shape of the chi-square distribu- dency is used for Non Parametric test
tion depends on the size of the sample A. Mean
20. We want to conduct a Mann Whitney test B. Median
on the IQ of girls and boys. A sample of
C. Mode
5 boys and 6girls was selected. There de-
tails are as follows:Boys-112, 113, 116, D. none of above

24. Two samples of sizes 25 and 35 are inde- C. 1-c, 2-b, 3-a
pendently drawn from two normal popula-
D. none of above
tions. The number of degrees of freedom

for t-test statistic is:
29. To find the attitude of people on the issue
A. 58 of reservation for backward classes, 100
B. 60 people were interviewed in Delhi, Mumbai,
C. 62 Kolkata & Chennai.The data obtained in fa-
vor of it are as follows:Delhi-25, Mumbai-
D. 57 20, Kolkata-30, Chennai-35. Calculate Chi
25. The degrees of freedom for the t test to Square calculated
test the hypothesis about paired sample A. 11.25
are
B. 1.25
A. n
B. n1 + n2 C. 17.25
C. n1+n2-2 D. 4.25
D. n-1
30. A pre post study gave the following
26. Indicate whether you would expect a posi- results:Pre-study-4, 4, 5, 4.6. Its corre-
tive or a negative correlation:IQ and grade sponding Post study values are-3.5, 4.5,
point average for high school stdents 4, 3.9. Which non parametric test is suit-
A. Positive able here?
B. Negative A. Mann Whitney
C. Linear B. Kruskal Wallis
D. none of above C. Wilcoxon
27. The resulting p-value for two-tailed test of D. Paired T Test
the Wilcoxon signed rank is 0.123. What
is the p-value if we decided to use one-
31. muscle strength was measured on the
tailed test?
right and left hands of a random sample
A. 0.123 of 15 left-handed men and the difference
B. 0.05 (left-right) was found. The alternative hy-
pothesis is one-sided (left hand stronger).
C. 0.0605
The resulting t-statistic was 1.80.
D. 0.06
A. Df = 14, the null hypothesis can be re-
28. Match the following Parametric and jected.
its corresponding Non Parametric test.
B. Df = 14, the null hypothesis cannot be
Parametric-1. Independent T-Test, 2.
rejected.
ANOVA, 3. Paired T Test. Non Parametric-
a)Wilcoxon, b) Kruskal Wallis, c) Mann C. Df = 28, the null hypothesis can be re-
Whitney jected.
A. 1-a, 2-b, 3-c D. Df = 28, the null hypothesis cannot be
B. 1-b, 2-c, 3-a rejected.

32. The Mann-Whitney U test is preferred to 36. What test we can use to find the differ-
a t-test when ence between two groups of scores from
an independent-measures design?
A. Data are paired
A. Friedman
B. Sample sizes are small
B. Kruskal-Wallis
C. The assumption of normality is not met
C. Mann-Whitney
D. Wilcoxon
D. Sample is dependent
NARAYAN CHANGDER
37. If the true means of the samples are equal,
33. In order to perform ANOVA, three sam- then MS(between)/MS(within) should
ple data was collected. Sample 1-Mean=4, be:
n=20; Sample2-Mean=8, n=10; Sample 3-
A. Close to 1.00
Mean=9, n=5. Find the value of grand
Mean, MS(Between) B. close to-1.00
A. 5.86, 105 C. Negative value between 0 and-1
B. 6.67, 210 D. More than 1.00
C. 7.25, 210 38. The necessary condition required for using

a Paired sample t test is
D. 7.00, 105
A. The sample size in both the samples
34. Following information from ANOVA table should not be same.
is given to you. Using this information cal- B. The two samples should not be related.
culate the F-ratio:Degree of freedom for
Between sample is 3, Total degree of free- C. The two samples should be at least of
dom of Between and Within is 29, Total size 50.
Sum of Squares of Between and Within
sample is 57, Sum of Squares of Within D. Two observations are taken from the
sample is 35 same individual-one prior to the applica-
tion of treatment and other after the ap-
A. 4.45 plication of treatment.
B. 5.45
39. The following are conditions in performing
C. 6.45 parametric test for two or more groups ex-
cept:
D. 5.01
A. Data must be normally distributed
35. A pre post study gave the following B. Categories are mutually exclusive
results:Pre-study-4, 4, 5, 4.6. Its corre-
C. Variance must be homogenous
sponding Post study values are-3.5, 4.5,
4, 3.9. What is the sum of Positive ranks D. There should be 2 or more indepen-
dent groups
A. 1.5
B. 7 40. The following are true regarding Pearson
Product-Moment Correlation Test except:
C. 8
A. Both population are normally dis-
D. 8.5 tributed

B. The subjects are randomly selected 44. Three brands of coffee are rated for taste
C. It is applied for nominal and ordinal on a scale of 1 to 10. Six persons are
asked to rate each brand so that there is

data
a total of 18 observations. The appropri-
D. Used to measure the degree of rela- ate test to determine if three brand taste
tionship equally good is
41. Following information from ANOVA table A. Mann Whitney
is given to you. Using this information cal- B. Kruskal Wallis
culate the F-ratio:Total degree of freedom
of Between and Within is 11, Total Sum of C. Wilcoxon
Squares of Between and Within sample is D. None of the above
21.4, Sum of Squares of Within sample is
2.7, Mean of Squares of Within sample is 45. It is known that for right-handed peo-
0.31 ple, the dominant (right) hand tends to be
stronger. For left-handed people who live
A. 30.16
in a world designed for right-handed peo-
B. 32.45 ple, the same may not be true. To test
C. 19.45 this, muscle strength was measured on the
right and left hands of a random sample
D. 28.79 of 15 left-handed men and the difference
(left-right) was found. The alternative hy-
42. In testing for the difference between two
pothesis is one-sided (left hand stronger).
populations, it is possible to use
The resulting t-statistic was 1.80. This is
A. Mann Whitney an example of:
B. Kruskal Wallis A. Two sample (Large) T test
C. Wilcoxon B. Paired T Test
D. None of the above C. Two sample (small) T test
43. Two students compared two brands of D. None of the above
chips, Frito Lays and Golden Flakes, to see
which company gives you more for your 46. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test can be of
money. Five bags of each brand were mea- A. Upper tailed
sured with a very accurate scale. Use the B. Lower tailed
Mann Whitney test to see if there are any
significant differences between the two C. Either of the above
brands in the amount of product they put D. None of the above
in their bags. Frito Lays:35.3, 35.4, 35.8
35.9, 35.9. Golden Flake:35.3, 37.8, 47. Higher the value of computed t statistic,
38.8, 38.1, 42.5. The bags that contained A. Larger would be the size of sample.
35.9 grams will receive a rank of:
B. Greater would be the probability of re-
A. 4 jecting the null hypothesis.
B. 4.5 C. Greater would be the probability of ac-
C. 5 cepting the null hypothesis.
D. 5.5 D. None of the above

7.8 Validity and delimitations of research findings 268
48. Which of the following describe two-way variable

ANOVA?
49. Used to measure the degree of relation-
A. assumes a non-directional hypothesis ship between two sets of data
B. lower the probability of errors in the A. (Two)-Way ANOVA
conclusion. B. Paired t-test
C. more than one effector variable and C. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation
one affected variable Test
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. One effector variable and one affected D. Pearson’s f
7.8 Validity and delimitations of research findings

1. Two elements of a research paper or the- D. problem statement
sis.
5. details how in-depth your study is to ex-
A. scope and limitation
plore the research question and the param-
B. scope and delimitation eters in which it will operate concerning re-
C. limitation and delimitation lation to the population and the timeframe
D. scope and research question A. delimitation
B. limitation
2. the subject to be investigated, and the in-
cluded variables C. scope
A. what D. research question
B. when 6. lack of previous research studies on the
C. who topic which has allowed for further anal-
D. where ysis
A. issues
3. Most of the commonly used quantitative
statistical models can only determine cor- B. insufficient
relation, but not causation. C. lack
A. scope D. limitations
B. delimitations
7. how the research is to be conducted, includ-
C. limitations ing a description of the research design
D. none of above A. when
4. The scope and delimitations of a thesis, B. why
dissertation, or research paper define the
C. where
topic and boundaries of the to be in-
vestigated. D. how
A. research title 8. the factors and variables not to be included
B. research problem in the investigation.
C. research question A. scope

B. delimitations 14. things that are accepted as true, or at least

C. scope and delimitations plausible, by researchers and peers who
will read your dissertation or thesis

D. none of above
A. assumptions
9. Limitations in the technology/instruments B. inference
used to collect your data,
C. hypotheses
A. issues
D. none of above
B. lack
C. insufficient 15. Since the delimitation parameters are
D. limitations within the researcher’s control, readers
need to know why they were set, al-
10. This study aims to.. ternative options were available, and why
these alternatives were rejected.
A. focus
B. aim A. what
C. cover B. when
D. none of above C. how

D. which
11. These are the characteristics that limit the
scope and describe the boundaries of the
16. The delimitation of a study is the factors
study, such as the sample size, geograph-
and variables included in the investiga-
ical location, or setting in which the study
tion. In other words, they are the bound-
takes place.
aries the researcher sets in terms of study
A. limitations duration, population, or size and type of
B. delimitations participants
C. scope A. that will be

D. assumptions B. that should be
C. to be
12. This study covers the..
A. focus D. not to be
B. cover 17. of a dissertation are often not some-

C. aim thing that can be solved by the researcher.
Also, remember that whatever limits you
D. none of above
also limit other researchers, whether they
13. the general aims and objectives (purpose) are the largest medical research companies
of the research. or consumer habits corporations
A. when A. scope
B. who B. delimitations
C. what C. limitations
D. why D. none of above

18. In addition, a is a restriction on your 23. Issues with sample and selection
study that cannot be reasonably dismissed
A. issues
and can affect your design and results.
A. assumption B. lack
B. scope C. insufficient
C. delimitation D. limitations
D. limitation
24. A further delimitation might be that you
NARAYAN CHANGDER
19. of a dissertation are potential weak- only included closed-ended Likert scale re-
nesses in your study that are mostly out of sponses in the survey, rather than includ-
your control, given limited funding, choice ing additional responses, which might
of research design, statistical model con- make some people more willing to take
straints, or other factors. and complete your survey.
A. limitations A. open-ended
B. delimitations B. close-ended
C. scope C. unfinished
D. assumptions
D. rhetorical
20. the subject matter of the study and the
population from which they will be se- 25. Don’t forget to describe the frame-
lected. This population needs to be large work you used throughout your study,
enough to be able to make generaliza- which also delimits your study.
tions. A. theoretical
A. who B. scientific
B. what
C. philosophical
C. where
D. conceptual
D. how
26. affect virtually all research projects, as
21. they affect the inferences you can draw
well as most things in life
from your study
A. scope and delimitations A. scope
B. delimitations and limitations B. delimitations
C. assumptions and limitations C. limitations
22. When you are stating your delimitations,
27. the timeframe within which the data is to
inform readers why you chose this
be collected.
course of study.
A. when
A. clearly
B. cleanly B. which
C. objectively C. where
D. kindly D. how

28. This study is to focus on.. 33. Delimitations are set so that your do
A. aim not become impossibly large to complete.

B. focus A. aims
C. cover B. goals
D. none of above C. problem

D. conflict
29. Might be imposed for practical reasons,
such as lack of time or financial resources 34. This is important because both assump-
to carry out a more thorough investigations and limitations affect the inferences
tion, you can draw from your study. One of the
A. scope more common assumptions made in survey
research is the assumption of and
B. delimitations
responses.
C. limitations
A. actual and truthful
D. assumptions
B. sincere and truthful
30. examples of include objectives, re- C. honesty and truthful
search questions, variables, theoretical ob-
jectives that you have adopted and popu- D. honesty and sincere
lations chosen as targets to study
35. Certain kinds of limitations are often asso-
A. scope ciated with the approach you take in
B. delimitations your research, too.
C. scope and delimitations A. analytical
D. none of above B. scientific

C. philosophical
31. You should also explain why they could not
be overcome with standard research D. experimental
backed up by scientific evidence.
36. define the topic and boundaries of the re-
A. question search problem to be investigated
B. aims A. assumptions
C. strategies B. significance of the study
D. methods C. scope and limitation
32. However, for certain questions, this D. scope and delimitations
assumption may be more difficult to ac-
cept, in which case it would be described 37. often strongly related to your theory and
as a limitation of the study. research questions
A. sensitive A. scope
B. uncomfortable B. delimitations
C. delicate C. scope and delimitations
D. tactic D. none of above

38. These are set so that your goals do not B. where

become impossibly large to complete. C. how
A. scope D. why
B. delimitations
43. Remember those are not good or bad.
C. scope and delimitations
They are simply a detailed description of
D. none of above the scope of interest for your study as it
relates to the research design.
39. this section of the study should explain
NARAYAN CHANGDER
why specific choices were made while oth- A. limitations
ers were excluded and how this might af- B. delimitations
fect the outcome of the research
C. scopes
A. scope
D. assumptions
B. delimitations
C. scope and delimitations 44. issues with the sample selection
D. none of above A. issues

B. insufficient
40. insufficient sample size, population traits,
or specific participants for statistical sig- C. lack
nificance, D. limitations
A. issues 45. will have to be narrowed down to a cer-
B. lack tain section of the target population.
C. insufficient A. scope
D. limitations B. delimitation
41. The scope will have to be narrowed down C. limitation
to a certain section of the D. research question
A. target population
46. In writing delimitations, don’t forget to de-
B. sample population scribe framework you used through-
C. population out your study, which also delimits your
study.
D. none of above
A. conceptual
42. the location or setting of the study, .
where the data will be gathered and to B. theoretical
which entity the data will belong. C. process
A. when D. philosophical

8. Statistical Techniques and Tools
8.1 Introduction of statistics

1. The levels of fire danger for the National 4. Sample is different from population be-
Forest System are listed. Low Moderate cause
High Extreme A. a set of items selected from the popu-
A. Nominal lation
B. Ordinal B. a complete set
C. a measuring variable for every unit in
C. Interval
the population
D. Ration
D. a study done before the actual frame-
work
2. What would be the sample i n this exam-
ple?Surveyors in a mall choose shoppers 5. ages of students in a statistics class
to ask about products they prefer.
A. Nominal
A. the surveyors B. Ordinal
B. all shoppers in the mall C. Interval
C. the shoppers who were asked their D. Ratio
preferences
6. Primary data..
D. none of above
A. second hand data
3. Describe the level of measurement:the B. first hand information
amount of fat (in grams) in 44 cookies C. data from other parties
A. Nominal D. annual report
B. Ordinal 7. A faulty survey question will try to
C. Interval A. Get the most correct answer.
D. Ratio B. Get the least accurate answer.

8.1 Introduction of statistics 274
C. Lead the person answering to one side C. Parametric

or the other. D. Non Parametric
D. Lead the person answering in the cor-
rect direction. 13. When the temperature is 0 degree celcius,
which of the following is not true?
8. Which is an example of ratio scale? A. zero is just another point in the scale
A. time B. there is no temperature
B. gender
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. an example of interval scale
C. grades D. freezing point of water
D. all of these
14. list of zip codes for Chicago
9. The city of Cleansburg has 8325 regis- A. Nominal
tered voters. In an election for mayor, 3 B. Ordinal
candidates are Smith, Jones, and Brown.
The day before the election a poll of 680 C. Interval
randomly chosen voters produced these re- D. Ratio
sults:306 Smith, 272 Jones, 102 Brown.
What is the population? 15. Which of the following is an example of
quantitative data?
A. The 8325 registered voters
A. The color of your car
B. The 680 voters polled
B. A person’s state of residence
C. People who voted for Brown
C. A person’s Zip Code
D. The 3 candidates
D. A Person’s Height
10. In this measurement, zero is just another
16. temperatures of 22 selected refrigerators
point in the scale.
A. Nominal
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
C. Interval
D. Ratio
D. Ratio
17. the ratings of a movie ranging from “poor”
11. Each and every element of a large group to “good” to “excellent”
of data.
A. Nominal
A. Population
B. Ordinal
B. Sample
C. Interval
C. Variable
D. Ratio
D. Data
18. Inferential statistics is
12. Statistics which is concerned with a higher A. a techniques to improve the efficiency
order of critical thinking and judgment. and effectiveness of the organization.
A. Descriptive B. making generalization about popula-
B. Inferential tion by analyzing the sample.

C. is a techniques to implement a strate- C. primary and secondary

gic plan. D. quantitative and qualitative

D. is a good representation of a popula-
tion 24. Circle the level of measurement for each
of the given data sets. The daily average
19. What is Statistic low temperatures for Juneau, Alaska for a
A. Information week in January. 23.9◦ 24◦ 23.6◦ 23.8◦
24.1◦ 23.5◦ 23.8◦
B. Number
A. Nominal
C. Name
B. Ordinal
D. A numerical description of a sample
characteristic. C. Interval
D. Ration
20. This is the lowest level of measurement.
A. Nominal 25. Determine the level of measuremen-
tWeight of walleye caught on Lake Erie
B. Ordinal
A. Nominal
C. Interval
B. Ordinal
D. Ratio
C. Interval
21. To determine the number of people that D. Ratio
live in Jonesburg County households, a
researcher divides the households into 26. Name the sampling method:Cool cola
groups according to zip codes, then selects wants to take a sample of its products.
all of the households in one of the zip codes The manager decides to sample every
to survey 100th can that comes on the line.
A. Stratified A. Systematic
B. Systematic B. Convenience
C. Systematic C. Cluster
D. Convenience D. Stratified
22. I have all my students write their name 27. Determining Sampling Methods To study
down on paper and put it into a large the migratory behavior of swallows, biol-
bucket then I pull out 25 names to do a ogists randomly tag 120 swallows in San
survey. Name the sampling method de- Juan Capistrano.
scribed. A. Systematic
A. simple random sample B. Simple Random
B. non-simple random sample C. Convenience
C. Cluster D. Cluster
D. Systematic
28. What is the 3rd step in the 4 step problem
23. Types of Statistics are: solving process?
A. marketing and accounting A. Ask a question
B. descriptive and inferential statistic B. Analyze the data

C. Organize the data 34. Circle the method of data collection you
D. Interpret the data would use to collect data for the study. A
study of the health of 213 seasonal flu pa-
29. Ranking system is part of which classifica- tients at a hospital
tion? A. Observational Study
A. Nominal B. Experiment
B. Ordinal C. Simulation
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Interval D. Survey
D. Ratio 35. Name the sampling method:A student
wants to gather information about what
30. Our data come from , but we really care the students at a school think about a cer-
most about tain rule, it would be easiest for her to
A. theories; mathematical models sample students who are in her classes.
B. subjective methods; objective meth- A. Systematic
ods B. Convenience
C. samples; populations C. Cluster
D. populations; samples D. Stratified
31. hair color of women on high school tennis 36. A study of effect on the human respiration
team system of a new oxygen delivery system
for deep sea divers
A. Nominal
A. Simulation
B. Ordinal
B. Survey
C. Interval
C. Experiment
D. Ratio
D. Observational Study
32. What is Sample 37. Describe the level of measurement:the fi-
A. Information nal grades (A, B, C, D, or F) for students
B. A subset, or part, of a population. in a chemistry class
A. Nominal
C. Data
B. Ordinal
D. none of above
C. Interval
33. What is Descriptive Statistics D. Ratio
A. The branch of statistics that involves
38. How do descriptive and inferential statis-
the organization, summarization, and dis-
tics differ?
play of data.
A. Descriptive statistics are more com-
B. A branch of Math which deals with in-
putationally sophisticated than inferential
formation
statistics.
C. A branch of Statistics which deals with B. Inferential statistics are more compu-
Population tationally sophisticated than descriptive
D. none of above statistics

C. Descriptive statistics only attempt to 43. Example of quantitative data ..

describe data, while inferential statistics A. color of eyes
attempt to make predictions based on

B. numbers of chairs
data.
C. types of glasses
D. Inferential statistics only attempt to
describe data, while descriptive statistics D. marital status
attempt to make predictions based on 44. The five departments at the department
data. store are listed. Women’s Clothing Men’s
Clothing Children’s Clothing Shoes
39. Name the sampling method:I break the
classes (Freshman, sophomore, junior, and A. Ordinal
senior) into groups and then randomly B. Nominal
sample 25 students from those groups. C. Interval
A. Cluster D. Ratio
B. Stratified 45. What is popution
C. Simple random sample A. Data of Questions
D. Group sampling B. Information
C. The collection of all outcome, re-
40. What is the 4th step in the 4 step problem sponses, measurements, or counts that
solving process? are of interest.
A. Ask a question D. none of above
B. Analyze the data 46. What is Data
C. Organize the data A. Information
D. Interpret the data B. Consists of observations, counts, re-

sponses
41. A consists of all subjects (human or C. Collection of Data
otherwise) that are being studied. D. none of above
A. Population 47. A group of subjects selected from a popu-
B. Sample lation is a
C. Study A. Portion
B. Sample
D. Exam
C. Group
42. Statistics which is concerned with summa- D. Data
rizing values to describe group character-
istics of the data. 48. Interview the first 30 students who enter
the school in the morning.
A. Descriptive
A. simple random
B. Inferential B. population
C. Parametric C. systematic
D. Non Parametric D. convenience

49. A lecturer wants to know how students B. Stratified

in the class did on their first semester fi- C. Cluster
nal exam. He asks 15 students by call-
ing their name from the class attendance D. Simple random sample
list to state their CGPA result. He con- 54. What is Statistics?
cludes from their report that the class did
extremely well. What is the sample? A. Relevant information
A. Students in the first semester B. Involves scientific procedures and
NARAYAN CHANGDER
methods
B. Staff and students at POLIMAS
C. decision making process
C. Students of all semesters
D. data are generated
D. 15 students in the first semester
55. In order to use samples to estimate some-
50. Describe the level of measure-
thing from the population, the sample
ment:temperatures of 22 selected refrig-
should be the population.
erators
A. exactly the same as
A. Nominal
B. nothing like
B. Ordinal
C. Interval C. representative of
D. Ratio D. larger than
51. Level of measurement where there is logi- 56. Define Statistics?

cal ordering or categories. A. Science of Collecting, organizing, ana-
A. Nominal lyzing, interpreting Data
B. Ordinal B. Science of Data
C. Interval C. Collection
D. Ratio D. Analyzing
52. The manager of a bookstore surveys peo- 57. Descriptive statistics

ple who buy mystery novels to see if the A. use data from a sample to answer
store should expand its hours. What is the questions about population.
population?
B. allow you to generalize beyond the
A. People who visit the bookstore. data at hand.
B. People who buy mystery novels. C. summarize and describe data.
C. Residents of the town D. none of above
D. People who like to read.
58. Describe the level of measurement:hair
53. Name the sampling method:Take a large color of women on high school tennis team
group of students between the ages of 13 A. Nominal
and 19 and split them into clusters by age.
Then select on those students who are 14 B. Ordinal
and 16 as part of the sample. C. Interval
A. Systematic D. Ratio

8.2 SPSS and statistic 279
8.2 SPSS and statistic

1. Which menu item contains procedures to A. Output Viewer
manipulate variables? B. Variable view
A. Analyze menu C. Data editor
B. Data menu D. Data view
C. Graph menu
7. Which one of the below will give you per-
D. Transform menu centage data in SPSS?
2. Which of the following is used for entering A. Descriptives
and viewing data? B. Frequencies
A. Output viewer C. Crosstabs
B. Variable view D. Q-Q Plots
C. Data editor 8. Which one of the below you should use to
D. Data view produce bar chart in SPSS?
3. Which menu would you select to run sta- A. Descriptives

tistical procedures? B. Frequencies
A. Analyze menu C. Crosstabs
B. Graph menu D. Q-Q Plots
C. Data menu 9. Which one is not the measure indicator of
D. Transform menu the variable view in SPSS?
A. Scale
4. A statistical test conducted to compare
means of more than two populations B. Nominal
A. Pearson Correlation C. Binary
B. Chi-square test D. Ordinal
C. Independent Sample t-test 10. What is the T-test display command in

D. One Way ANOVA SPSS?
A. Means
5. A statistical test conducted to compare
B. Compare mean
means of two populations
C. Frequencies
A. Pearson Correlation
D. Crosstabs
B. Chi-square test
C. Independent Sample t-test 11. All below are the t-test analysis except
D. One Way ANOVA A. One sample t-test
B. Multiple sample t-test
6. In this tab, rows represent variables and
columns represent characteristics of vari- C. Independent sample t-test
ables D. Paired sample-t-test

8.2 SPSS and statistic 280
12. Which p-value is showing a significant for 18. A statistical test conducted to find the rela-
the confidence interval of 99%? tionship between two variables measured
A. p<0.01 as qualitative/categorical variables
B. p>0.03 A. Pearson Correlation
C. p>0.01 B. Chi-square test
D. p<0.05 C. Independent Sample t-test

D. One Way ANOVA
NARAYAN CHANGDER
13. Which Choice is not the SPSS screen?
A. data view 19. Which of the following is used for creat-
ing and defining various characteristics of
B. variable view variables?
C. do-file editor A. Variable viewer
D. none of above B. Output viewer
14. Which screen of SPSS use for recording the C. Data editor
data? D. Data view
A. data view
20. Which test of the below is not included as
B. variable view the regression analysis?
C. syntax editor A. Binary regression analysis
D. output viewer B. Logistic regression analysis
15. Which level of measurement represents C. Multiple regression analysis
rank order? D. Standard regression analysis
A. Nominal
21. Which menu item contains the split file and
B. Ordinal select cases command?
C. Interval A. Transform menu
D. Ratio B. Analyze menu
16. In this tab, rows represent individual C. Graph menu
cases and columns represent variables in D. Data menu
your data.
22. y = mx + c . Which variable in the
A. Data view
equation is the dependent variable?
B. Data editor A. y
C. Variable view B. m
D. Output viewer C. x
17. What are the two main windows in SPSS? D. c
A. Variable view and Output viewer 23. The level of measurement where all math-
B. Data editor and Output viewer ematical calculations are possible is:
C. Data view and Variable view A. Nominal
D. Data view and Output view B. Ordinal

8.3 Measure of Arithmetic mean 281
C. Interval B. Standard deviation is the total mini-

mum value of the variables
D. Ratio

C. Standard deviation is the average
24. Select the window where the results of mean divided by total value of the vari-
your analysis appear? ables
A. Data view D. Standard deviation is the dispersion of
data values from the mean
B. Data editor
C. Output viewer 27. A statistical test conducted to find the rela-
tionship between two variables measured
D. Variable view as quantitative variables
25. Which one of the software mentioned be- A. Pearson Correlation
low is not a statistical software? B. Chi-square test
A. R C. Independent Sample t-test
B. Matlab D. One Way ANOVA
C. G2 28. IQ score is an example of which level of
D. SPSS measurement
A. Nominal
26. Which one is CORRECT statement for stan-
dard deviation? B. Ordinal
A. Standard deviation is average of mean C. Interval

between variables D. Ratio
8.3 Measure of Arithmetic mean

1. What is the mean of 3, 4, 8, 6, 2, 1 B. BASED ON ALL THE OBSERVATION OF
A. 2 SERIES
B. 4 C. RIGIDLY DEFINED
C. 6 D. ALL OF THE ABOVE
D. 8 4. What is the arithmetic mean of 2, 10, 6,
4, 4, 6, 4, 1, 7, 8, 2, 2, 9, 5, 3, 7, 3, 2, 8,
2. What is the mode of 5, 8, 13, 6, 20, 2, 7,
7
1
A. 100
A. 5
B. 2
B. 13
C. 20
C. 20
D. 5
D. None
3. A REPRESENTATIVE AVERAGE SHOULD 5. What is the mean of 9, 10, 6, 5, 6

BE: A. 7.1
A. SIMPLE TO CALCULATE B. 7.2

8.3 Measure of Arithmetic mean 282
C. 7.3 11. A student’s grade in a Psychology course is

D. 7.4 comprised of tests (40%), quizzes (20%),
papers (20%), and a final project (20%).
6. THE ARITHMETIC MEAN OF OBSERVA- His scores for each of the categories are
TIONS 9, 8, 27, 36 AND 45 IS 85 (tests), 100 (quizzes), 92 (papers) and
84 (final project). Calculate his overall
A. 18
grade.
B. 25
A. 90.25
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 36
B. 88.2
D. 48 C. 89.2
7. A CURVE OBTAINED BY JOINING MID D. 86.7
POINTS OF ADJACENT RECTANGLES OF
THE HISTOGRAM BY STRAIGHT LINES IS 12. Find the class grade for a student with
CALLED: grades:Test 89%, Quiz 92, Homework
86%, and Classwork 95%. Tests are
A. FREQUENCY CURVE 60% of the grade, Quiz 15%, Homework
B. FREQUENCY POLYGON is 10% of the grade, and Classwork is
15% of the grade.
C. OGIVE
A. 89.25
D. none of above
B. 91.55
8. To which measure does this definition
C. 90.05
fit:lowest value plus highest value, di-
vided by 2 D. i don’t know
A. mean 13. Find the median of this dataset:1, 2, 4, 8,
B. median 27, 21
C. mode A. 6
D. midrange B. 8
C. 12
9. Find the median of this dataset:1, 4, 9, 2,
6 D. 2
A. 2 14. method is adopted when deviations

from assumed mean have some common
B. 4
factor.
C. 6
A. Direct
D. 9
B. Assumed Mean
10. Find the median of this dataset:4, 5, 5, 8, C. Step deviation
8, 8, 9, 12, 13
D. none of above
A. 12
15. GRAPHIC PRESENTATION OF CUMU-
B. 9 LATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION IS
C. 8 CALLED:
D. 5 A. FREQUENCY POLYGON

8.4 Measure of Standard deviation 283
B. HISTOGRAM A. 1
C. OGIVE B. 10

D. none of above C. 6
16. What is the mode of 4, 2, 3, 6, 4, 4, 5, 6, D. 4
11, 4, 12, 6, 6, 1, 6, 8, 9
18. Find the median of this dataset:1, 2, 3, 4,
A. 2 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
B. 4 A. 5
C. 5 B. 5.5
D. 6 C. 6
17. What is the mode of 10, 6, 4, 4, 6, 4, 1 D. 6.5
8.4 Measure of Standard deviation

1. What is the variance for the sample data D. 6 hours, 2.11, 1.5 hours
set given below?{ 5, 10, 7, 12, 0, 20, 15,
22, 8, 2 } 4. What is an advantage of using the range
as a measure of variation?
A. 47.47
A. It uses only two entries from the data
B. 102.01
set.
C. 52.77
B. It uses all entries from the data set.
D. 81
C. It is easy to compute.
2. What is the standard deviation for the D. none of above
data set given below? Data comes from
a population .{ 5, 10, 7, 12, 0, 20, 15, 5. The number of calories in a 1-ounce serv-
22, 8, 2 } ing of ten popular breakfast cereals is
A. 6.89 shown below.Apple Jacks-116 Cap’n
Crunch-119Cheerios-106 Life-104Rice
B. 10.1
Krispies-110 Froot Loops-113Kellogg’s
C. 7.26 Corn Flakes-101 Kellogg’s Raisin Bran-
D. 9 89Lucky Charms-106 Trix 110Find the
range, sample variance, and sample stan-
3. The Sleep Shop conducted a survey to de- dard deviation of the data.
termine the average number of hours that
people sleep at night. The results are A. 30 calories, 1113.45, 33.4 calories
shown here.# of Hours Spend Sleeping at B. 30 calories, 72.04, 8.5 calories
Night Frequency 4 1 5 2 6 37 6 8 109 410 C. 27 calories, 72.04, 8.5 calories
2Find the range, the sample variance, and
the sample standard deviation. D. 30 calories, 72.04, 5189.8 calories
A. 9 hours, 2.11, 4.5 hours 6. Standard deviation is always the of
B. 6 hours, 778, 27.9 hours variance.
C. 9 hours, 2.11, 1.5 hours A. square root

8.5 Measures of Center and Spread 284
B. square 10. What is the Normal Range of the annual

C. median of precipitation for Phoenix, if the average
is 29 with a standard deviation of 3?
D. mean of
A. 26-32
7. The term “snowstorms of note” applies to
all snowfalls over 6 inches. The snowfall B. 3-29
amounts forsnowstorms of note in Utica, C. 26-29
New York, over a four-year period are as
D. 39-32
NARAYAN CHANGDER
follows:7.1, 9.2, 8.0, 6.1, 14.4, 8.5, 6.1,
6.8, 7.7, 21.5, 6.7, 9.0, 8.4, 7.0, 11.5, 11. The Marathon Walk for World Peace has
14.1, 9.5, 8.6What are the mean and pop- a 25-mile route. A random sample of
ulation standard deviation for these data, participants walked the distances shown.
to the nearest hundredth? Find the variance and standard devia-
A. mean = 9.46; standard deviation = tion.Distance (miles) Number of Walkers
3.74 1-5 14 6-10 9 11-15 1116-20 1021-25
B. mean = 9.46; standard deviation = 6
3.85 A. 14287.5, 119.5 miles
C. mean = 9.45; standard deviation = B. 48.21, 2324.2 miles
3.74
C. 48.21, 6.9 miles
D. mean = 9.45; standard deviation =
3.85 D. 181.44, 13.5 miles
8. Calculate the range of the following:2, 5, 12. Find the range.12, 5, 9, 18, 22, 25, 5
8, 3, 13, 5 A. 20
A. 11
B. 15
B. 13
C. 22
C. 5
D. 18
D. 8
13. This is used to describe the distribution of
9. If the variance of a data set is 64, what is
the data
its standard deviation?
A. 8 A. outlier
B. 4096 B. range
C. 4 C. measures of variation
D. 32 D. quartile
8.5 Measures of Center and Spread

1. If a distribution is skewed to the right with C. mean=median
no outliers, D. can not determine
A. mean<median
2. The number of text messages that Isaac re-
B. mean>median ceived each day for a week is shown:47,

49, 54, 50, 48, 47, 55What is the mean 7. A is a graphical display of the five num-
and median ber summary.

A. Mean=49 Median=54 A. stemplot
B. Mean=49 Median=50 B. histogram
C. Mean=50 Median=54 C. dotplot
D. Mean=50Median=49 D. boxplot
3. Which of the following measures of cen- 8. A data value x is an outlier if if:x < Q 1-
tral tendency is not appropriate when you 1.5(IQR) or if:x > Q 3 + 1.5(IQR).
have extreme scores in your sample data A. Depends on the data size
A. Mode B. Sometimes true
B. Median C. Always true
C. Mean D. False
D. None of the above 9. If a number is added to a set that is far

away from the mean, how does this affect
4. The first quartile (Q 1) is the median of the standard deviation?
lower half of the set.2-The second quartile
A. increase
(Q 2) is the median of the whole set .3-The
third quartile (Q 3) is the median of the up- B. decrease
per half of the set. C. stay the same
A. All three statements are true. D. both increase and decrease
B. Only the 1st statement is true. 10. What splits the data in half?
C. Only the 2nd and the 3rd statements A. Upper Quartile
are true.
B. Median
D. Only the 3rd statement is true.
C. Lower Quartile
5. What does the standard deviation tell us D. none of above
about the data set?
11. Given the data:136, 150, 119, 150, 125,
A. How high or low the values are 143.Find the interquartile range (IQR)
B. The average A. IQR = 150-119 = 31
C. How spread apart the values are from B. IQR = 150-125 = 25.
the mean
C. IQR = 150-125 = 75.
D. none of above D. IQR = 150-119 = 31.
6. Portion of objects drawn from the popula- 12. The of a data set is the sum of the data
tion entries divided by the number of entries.
A. Statistics A. Mean
B. Population parameter B. Median
C. Descriptive Statistics C. Mode
D. Sample D. Range

13. Which number is not the mean, median, or 18. Which of the following lists all parts of the
range of the data set 4, 3, 15, 11, 3, 8, 7, five number summary?
5?
A. Mean, Median, Mode, Range, and Total
A. 12
B. 7 B. Minimum, Quartile 1, Median, Quartile
C. 6 3, and Maximum
D. 11 C. Smallest, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Minimum, Maximum, Range, Mean,
14. When a distribution is skewed to the left, and Median
A. the mean is less than the median 19. If 10 is added to every value in a set of
data, what will happen to the value of the
B. the mean is greater than the median
standard deviation?
C. the median is less than the mean
A. it will increase
D. the mean and median are approxi-
B. it will decrease
mately equal
C. it will stay the same
15. Given the data:136, 150, 119, 150, 125,
143.Find the range. D. it will both increase and decrease
A. Range = 136-125 = 21. 20. Given the data:21, 31, 26, 24, 28, 26This
B. Range = 150-125 = 75. is a 3 part question:Part-1:What is the
mean of the data?
C. Range = 150-125 = 25.
A. 24
D. Range = 150-119 = 31
B. 25
16. Numbers representing counts or measure- C. 26
ments
D. 27
A. Qualitative Data
B. Quantitative Data 21. Another name for Quartile 1 is
C. A Statistic A. Median of the Lower Half
D. Population parameter B. Median of the Upper Half
17. Given the following statistics about scores C. Median

on the last math test, what is the best D. Minimum
description of the shape of the distri-
bution?Mean:= 78Standard Deviation = 22. The of a variable tells what values
4Min = 64Median = 78Q1 = 72Q3 = that variable takes and how often it takes
84Max = 99 them
A. Skewed Right A. data
B. Skewed Left B. distribution
C. Roughly Symmetric C. statistics
D. Uniform D. graph

23. Standard deviation is a measure of 28. Which situation would require finding the
A. spread median as an appropriate measure of cen-
ter?

B. center
A. All of the temperatures recorded were
C. shape all between 80 degrees and 90 degrees
D. outliers B. All of the temperatures recorded were
55 degrees
24. Which is a true statement for the follow-
ing data set? 5, 1, 5, 2, 5 C. A few of the temperatures recorded
were very low or very high
A. The median and mean are the same
B. The mode and median are the same D. The temperatures recorded were ei-
ther 20 degrees or 25 degrees
C. The mode, median, and mean are the
same 29. Find the Interquartile Range or IQR2, 3, 6,
D. The mode and mean are the same 6, 8, 10, 12
A. 10
25. A statistician has computed some data on
the ages of people when they have their B. 3
first child. The data showed the ages to C. 7
be skewed right. Which of the following
is the best way to describe the central ten- D. 6
dency (typical value)?
30. Which of the following is NOT a measure
A. Mean of spread?
B. Median A. mean absolute deviation
C. Mode B. range
D. Midrange C. interquartile range
26. Find the Quartile 1 or Q1.2, 3, 6, 6, 8, 10, D. median
12
31. What is the median for this set of
A. 7 data?:26, 21, 22, 27, 22, 25, 39, 35
B. 6 A. 25
C. 3 B. 25.5
D. 2 C. 26
27. The numbers of runs scored by a softball D. 26.5
team in 20 games are given. 3, 4, 8, 12,
7, 5, 4, 12, 3, 9, 11, 4, 14, 8, 2, 10, 3, 32. Which of these measures of central ten-
10, 9, 7What is the median of this data. dency is distorted by extreme values?
A. Median = 7.5 A. Mean
B. Median = 7 B. Mode
C. Median = 8 C. Median
D. Median = 12 D. none of above

33. How do you find the Interquartile Range 38. What is the median of the data set be-
or IQR? low?45, 57, 41, 67, 33, 43
A. Q3-Q1 A. 41
B. Median B. 44
C. Q1-Q3 C. 54
D. Maximum-Minimum D. 67
NARAYAN CHANGDER
34. The is the midpoint of the data. 39. Taylor recorded the running times for her
A. median track team. She noticed that a few runners
were much faster than the others, and no
B. mean
recorded time was repeated, in the 100-
C. mode meter dash. The track coach asked Taylor
D. standard deviation to determine the best measure of center.
Which should she use?
35. When a distribution is skewed, which mea-
A. mode
sures of center and spread are most reli-
able? B. range
A. Mean and standard deviation C. mean
B. Mean and IQR D. median
C. Median and standard deviation 40. , 31, 37, 46, 29, 38What is the Q3 of the
D. Median and IQR data?
36. For the data given here what is the A. 37
range:15, 17, 19, 15, 13, 14, 10, 21, 18, B. 38
19, 19
C. 42
A. 21
D. 46
B. 10
C. 19 41. Which of these is the difference between
the highest and lowest values in a data
D. 11 set?
37. This is a list of the number of text mes- A. Median
sages 5 friends sent last week:13, 60, 61, B. Standard deviation
63, 64. The most approximate measure of
center for the data is the- C. Range
A. mean because all numbers are close to D. none of above
each other in value
42. What measure of center was most af-
B. median because all numbers are close fected by the outlier?
to each other in value
A. mean
C. mean because 13 text messages is
B. median
much lower than the other numbers
D. median because 13 text messages is C. mode
much lower than the other numbers D. range

43. The cost of five homes in a certain 48. The time in minutes for Sam’s phone calls
area is given.$147, 000$155, 000$175, this week is listed below(9, 15, 5, 7, 9,
000$145, 000$1, 225, 000Which mea- 12, 11, 4)Which statement is true about

sure of central tendency should be used? the duration of his calls?
A. Mean A. The median is greater than 10
B. Median B. The mean is less than 8
C. The range is less than 10
C. Mode
D. The mode is greater than 7
D. Midrange
49. Use the 1.5 IQR rule to determine if there
44. If you score 76, 85, 97, and 83 on your are any outliers for the following num-
math tests, what would your median score bers:84, 88, 72, 74, 98, 16, 94
be? A. Yes, 16 is an outlier.
A. 84 B. Yes, 33 is an outlier.
B. 90 C. Yes, 98 is an outlier.
C. 85 D. There are no numbers less than 39 or
greater than 124, therefore there are no
D. 88
outliers.
45. Extreme values are also known as what? 50. The scores on a statistics exam had a mean
A. interquartile ranges of 81 and a standard deviation of 9. One
student was absent on the test day, and
B. modes his score wasn’t included in the calculation.
C. medians If his score of 84 is added to the distribu-
tion of scores, what would happen to the
D. outliers mean and standard deviation?
46. The numbers of runs scored by a softball A. mean will increase, standard deviation
team in 20 games are given. 3, 4, 8, 12, will increase
7, 5, 4, 12, 3, 9, 11, 4, 14, 8, 2, 10, 3, B. mean will increase, standard deviation
10, 9, 7What is the Interquartile Range. will decrease
A. IQR = 6 C. mean will increase, standard deviation
will stay the same
B. IQR = 10
D. mean will decrease, standard will de-
C. IQR = 7.5 crease
D. IQR = 12
51. The following data represents the num-
47. What is the median of the data set be- ber of students in 6th grade math classes.
low?42, 51, 32, 46, 50, 55 Which measure of center best describes
the data? 50, 25, 22, 21, 17
A. 42
A. range
B. 44 B. mode
C. 46 C. mean
D. 48 D. median

8.6 Measures of Variability 290
8.6 Measures of Variability

1. For which group of data does the mean 6. Find the lower quartile (Q1) of the follow-
equal the mode? ing set of scores 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15
A. 4, 5, 5, 8 A. 13
B. 4, 4, 6, 6
B. 9
C. 4, 5, 6, 6
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 7
D. 4, 5, 5, 6
D. 6
2. Find the mean of the given data 8, 7, 5, 9,
6, 13
7. What does the variance represent?
A. 8
A. How many different variations are in
B. 7.5
the data set.
C. 7.5
B. How the population varies compared
D. 10
to the sample.
3. How do you find the range of a set of num-
C. How spread out each data value is
bers?
from the mean.
A. Subtract the largest number from the
smallest number D. The range, but with a bunch of other
stuff going on.
B. It is the number that occurs most often
8. It is a measure of variability that you get
C. Add all the numbers and divide by how when you subtract the smallest number in
many numbers there are a set of data from the largest number.
D. Subtract the smallest number from the
A. mean
largest number
B. median
4. What is the first thing you should do be-
fore finding the median or the mode? C. mode
A. Start crossing numbers off D. range
B. Put numbers in order from least to
greatest 9. The range in temperature for the month
C. List the numbers how they are of November in El Paso, Texas is 44 de-
grees. If the record high temperature is
D. Look for repeats
92 degrees, then what is the record low
5. What is the interquartile range of the data temperature.
set:1, 8, 25, 30, 50, 72
A. 136
A. 42
B. 44
B. 30
C. 50 C. 48
D. 49 D. 96

10. What does the term measure of variation 15. What is the Q1 for the following data? 52,
mean? 72, 96, 21, 58, 40, 75

A. the data value that occurs the most of- A. 40
ten B. 75
B. the spread of data values C. 58
C. numbers that split data into quarters D. 35
(or fourths)
16. The salaries of 5 public school teachers are
D. none of above given as follows:Php 30, 000, Php 24,
000, Php 22, 000, Php 23, 000, Php 28,
11. Find the median for the following 000.What is the range for the given set of
prices;$12.50, $15.50, $15, $17.50, ungrouped data above?
$11.50
A. Php 8, 000
A. $12.50
B. Php 7, 000
B. $15
C. Php 6, 000
C. $17.50 D. Php 5, 000
D. $11.50
17. It measures the average deviation of the
12. The mathematical difference between the scores from arithmetic mean.
highest (maximum) value and lowest (min- A. Mean Deviation
imum) value in a data set. B. Range
A. Mean Deviation C. Standard Deviation
B. Range D. Variance
C. Standard Deviation 18. What is the IQR of this data set?37, 42,
D. Variance 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 54, 55
A. 5
13. Find the range of the data set:24, 49, 47,
78, 66, 37, 49, 82 B. 6
A. 54 C. 8
D. 9
B. 33
C. 58 19. IQR stands for
D. 59 A. interquestion rainbow
B. inside quick radiation
14. Find the Median of the following num-
C. interquartile range
bers:84, 88, 72, 74, 98, 16, 94
D. I quit running
A. 16
20. Which measure of variation is the differ-
B. 98
ence between the maximum and minimum
C. 84 of the data?
D. There is no median A. mean

B. median A. It will decrease because our range is

C. mode bigger.
D. range B. It will increase because our range is

bigger.
21. Before you can begin calculating the stan- C. It will not change.
dard deviation, you must first:
D. It will decrease because we have more
A. find the mean
numbers in our data set.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. find the median
C. find the mode 26. The measure of is a way of describing
how far spread out the data is.
D. find the range
A. Center
22. How do you calculate the standard devia-
B. Mean
tion?
C. Median
A. Divide the variance by 2.
B. Its a long process and I can’t explain D. Variability
it right now.
27. Calculate the Mean Absolute Deviation 7,
C. Find the mean and multiply it by the 9, 2, 7, 3, 5, 10
variance.
A. 2.41
D. Take the square root of the variance.
B. 2
23. What is the mean of the data set:6, 35, 8,
C. 4.21
20, 6, 16, 7?
D. 3
A. 12
B. 13 28. The data set below represents the dif-
C. 14 ferent costs of a camera at an electronic
store.$32, $47, $121, $96, $49, $81,
D. 15 $56What is the median of the first half
24. Given a variance of 64, what is the stan- of the data?
dard deviation? A. $47
A. 8 B. $59
B. 4096 C. $96
C. 0 D. $108
D. 6.8
29. It is the square of the standard deviation
25. Here are the times (in minutes) that six and is also known as the mean square.
students needed to finish a quiz:10, 14,
15, 15, 14, 10The Mean Absolute Devia- A. Mean Deviation
tion for this data is 2.A seventh student B. Range
took 8 minutes to finish the quiz. We
C. Standard Deviation
added his time to our data. What will hap-
pen to the MAD? D. Variance

30. The most common used indicator of the de- A. 25%

gree of dispersion and is also the most de- B. 50%
pendable measure to estimate the variabil-

ity in a total population. C. 75%
A. Mean Deviation D. 100%
B. Range 35. Find the mean of these numbers:5, 5, 6, 6,
C. Standard Deviation 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11
D. Variance A. 7.81
B. 7.82
31. The is a measure of variability that rep-
resents the spread in data. C. 7
A. Mean D. 8
B. Median 36. You are given a list of numbers with a me-
C. Range dian of 10. Each of the numbers is doubled.
What will happen to the median of the sec-
D. Product
ond set of numbers?
32. Describe how to find the mean of a data A. It will increase by one-half
set.
B. It will double
A. Multiply the numbers and divide by
C. It will stay the same
how many numbers there are.
D. Not enough information is given
B. Add all the numbers together.
C. Add all the numbers together and di- 37. It’s the number you get when you add all
vide by how many numbers are in the data the numbers together and then divide by
set. the amount of numbers you have.
D. Subtract the Smallest number from the A. mean
Largest Number B. median
33. What is the difference between the for- C. mode
mulas for population variance and sample D. range
variance?
A. The sample variance is the square root 38. What measure of variability is used when
of the population variance. only the two extreme values are consid-
ered?
B. The population variance divides the
sum of the squares by n-1, while sample A. Range
divides by N. B. Mean Deviation
C. The population variance divides the C. Variance
sum of the squares by N, while sample di- D. Standard Deviation
vides by n-1.
D. There is no difference. 39. The masses of six children are 34.5 kilo-
grams, 42.6 kilograms, 39.8 kilograms,
34. The IQR represents the middle of the 40.1 kilograms, 53.4 kilograms, and 33.8
data. kilograms. Find the mean mass.

A. 40.7 kg 44. Given this set of values:7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7.

What is the standard deviation?
B. 40
A. Standard Deviation = 0
C. 41
B. Standard Deviation = 1
D. 50
C. Standard Deviation = 7
40. When you compute for the measure of D. Standard Deviation = 6
variability of a set of scores and it turn out
NARAYAN CHANGDER
to be zero, which of these could be said of 45. Find the mean of 3, 7, 9, 9 12.
the scores?
A. 5
A. All scores are identical. B. 6
B. The mean of the scores is zero. C. 8
C. The measure of variability cannot be D. 4
computed.
D. Half of the scores are additive inverse 46. Find the range of the given data:16, 13, 3,
of the remaining half. 15, 14, 7, 10.
A. 10
41. Mrs. Rosenblatt’s class has an average
B. 11
grade of 87. Later on she realizes she left
out Joe’s score. His grade was a 65. The C. 12
new mean will, D. 13
A. increase
47. Find the median:3, 5, 7, 4, 3, 1
B. decrease
A. 3 and 4
C. stay the same
B. There isn’t one
D. none of above C. 3.5
42. Given the data:136, 150, 119, 151, 125, D. 3
140.Find the upper quartile (Q3).
48. Which of the following is NOT a Measure
A. 125 of Variability?
B. 139.5 A. Average Deviation
C. 150 B. Mean
D. 143 C. Range
D. Variance
43. Find the IQR (Q3-Q1) of the data20, 22,
25, 29, 31 49. Quartile 1 is the
A. 30 A. Median
B. 25 B. Mode
C. 21 C. Upper Quartile
D. 9 D. Lower Quartile

50. What is the Q1 of this data set?6, 7, 2, 1, C. The difference between the highest
5, 2, 1, 6 and lowest numbers

A. 1 D. The number that occurs the most
B. 1.5 56. The data set below represents the dif-
C. 2 ferent costs of a game at an electronic
D. 2.5 store.$32, $47, $121, $96, $49, $81,
$56What is the MINIMUM price?
51. What is the mean of the data set:1, 8, 25, A. $28
30, 50, 72
B. $32
A. 30
C. $49
B. 31
D. $23
C. 26
57. It’s the middle number in a set of data.
D. 25
A. mean
52. Find the Standard Deviation{ 12, 15, 16,
B. median
12, }
C. mode
A. 4
D. range
B. 4.09
C. 5.6 58. Before you can begin calculating the vari-
ance, you must first:
D. 3.6
A. find the mean
53. Which MAD values represent the least B. find the median
variability in a data set?
C. find the mode
A. MAD:2.25
D. find the range
B. MAD:0.75
59. Which IQR represents the largest variabil-
C. MAD:3.5
ity in a data set?
D. MAD:0.99
A. IQR:12
54. You sent the same email to 10 of your B. IQR:11
friends. The number of hours it took them
C. IQR:10
to respond was:1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5,
and 25. What are the mean, median and D. IQR:15
mode of this date?
60. All of the data sets below have the
A. 49, 2.5, 1 same mean.Set 1:SD=3.1Set 2:SD=4.9Set
B. 4.8, 2, 1 3:SD=1.7Set 4:SD=3.2Which set of data
probably has the points CLOSEST to the
C. 4.8, 2.5, 1
mean?
D. 4.9, 2.5, 1 A. Set 1
55. What is the definition of the mean? B. Set 2
A. The average C. Set 3
B. The middle number D. Set 4

61. It’s the number that occurs the most times C. 3

in a set of data. D. 5
A. mean
67. The is a measure of variability that
B. median splits the data into four equal sized quar-
C. mode tiles.
D. range A. Inter Quadrant Range
B. Interquartile Range
NARAYAN CHANGDER
62. Find the mode:4, 5, 4, 3, 5, 1, 6
C. Inside Quarter Result
A. 4 D. none of above
B. 5
68. The difference between the highest and
C. 4 & 5 the lowest score is
D. 3 A. range
63. Find the mean of the following numbers B. standard deviation
40, 38, 46, 38, 51 and 57. C. variance
A. 45 D. average deviation
B. 40 69. Which is the best measure of center best
C. 38 describes the data set 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4,
5, 5, and 25?
D. 35
A. median
64. What is the first quartile of the data set:1, B. mean
8, 25, 30, 50, 72
C. mode
A. 8 D. none of above
B. 25
70. Variability can also be described as how
C. 50 much the data from the center.
D. 30 A. Changes
65. It gives equal weight to the deviation of B. Stays the same
every score in the distribution. C. Deviates
A. Mean Deviation D. Increases
B. Range 71. Once you’ve calculated the mean, and
C. Standard Deviation listed the values in a table, what is the
next step to calculating the variance?
D. Variance
A. Square each value in the data set
66. The number of goals scored by seven for- B. Subtract each value in the data set
wards in one soccer season were 8, 6, 4, from the mean
8, 3, 1, and 5. Find the mean number of
C. Subtract the mean from each value in
goals scored by the seven forward
the data set
A. 20 D. Add the mean to each value in the data
B. 10 set

8.7 Coefficient of variation (Discrete serious and continuous serious) 297
72. What is the mean of these numbers?4, 5, B. $49

5, 2, 3, 3, 2, 8 C. $97

A. 40
D. $108
B. 24
C. 4 74. A data set consists of the numbers 2, 2, 5,
6 and 15. Which statement is true for this
D. 256 data?
73. The data set below represents the dif- A. median > mean
ferent costs of a camera at an electronic
B. mean = mode
store.$32, $47, $121, $96, $49, $81,
$56What is the IQR of the data? C. mode < median
A. $42 D. median = mode
8.7 Coefficient of variation (Discrete serious and continu-

ous serious)
1. Compute the coefficient of variation for of 0.6. B has a mean of 6 and a standard
the sample data:4, 6, 3, 7, 9, 4, 2, 1, 4, deviation of 0.4 Use the Coefficient of
2 Variation to determine which set has more
A. 59.25% variation.
B. 62.25% A. Set A
C. 69.25% B. Set B
D. 72.25% C. They have the same variation
2. A and B are both sets of ratio-level data. A D. It is impossible to tell with this infor-
has a mean of 12 and a standard deviation mation
8.8 Correlation Coefficient & Coefficient of Determination

1. Residuals are . . . ables are.
A. possible models not explored by the re- A. Scatter Plot
searcher B. Causation
B. variation in the response variable that C. Correlation
is explained by the model
D. Line of best fit
C. the difference between the observed
response and the values predicted by the 3. Which of these variables could we use
model Pearson’s correlation to measure the rela-
D. data collected from individuals that is tionship?
not consistent with the rest of the group A. Height and weight.
2. This measures how strong or weak the B. Eye colour and hair colour.
relationship between 2 quantitative vari- C. Gender and choice of casual attire.

8.8 Correlation Coefficient & Coefficient of Determination 298
D. Political party and opinion about the 9. The correlation coefficient for a problem
economy. was calculated to be 0.36. What is the
coefficient of determination?
4. What is the ratio of the Explained Varia-
tion to the Total Variation? A. 0.6
A. Coefficient of Determination B. -0.6 or +0.6
B. Slope C. 0.13
C. Correlation Coefficient D. 0.36
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Intercept
10. Which type of variation can be explained
5. What shape is a normal distribution by the relationship between x and y?
curve?
A. Explained Variation
A. Half curve
B. Round curve B. Unexplained Variation
C. Bell curve C. Total Variation
D. Square curve D. Correlation Variation
6. In regression analysis, R2 is also called 11. What type of correlation do you think
the there is between:Time Spent Watching TV
A. residual & Grades
B. coefficient of correlation A. Positive correlation
C. coefficient of determination B. Negative correlation
D. standard error of the estimate
C. No correlation
7. If the correlation coefficient is 0.8, what D. cannot be determined
percentage of variation in the response
variable (y) is explained by the variation 12. The correlation coefficient, r is used to de-
in the explanatory variable (x)? termine
A. 0.80%
A. y values given values of x.
B. 80%
B. x values given values of y.
C. 0.64%
C. the strength and direction of relation-
D. 64%
ship between x and y.
8. If the correlation coefficient r between D. none of these.
blood pressure and weight is 0.7,
A. it is a moderate positive relationship. 13. Which one is NOT appropriate to use to
B. 49% of the variation in weight can be study the association between variables?
explained by the variation in the blood A. Scatterplot.
pressure.
B. Pie chart.
C. 51% of the variation in weight is due to
other factors than the blood pressure. C. Correlation.
D. All of the above. D. Regression.

14. The correlation coefficient 20. What does the value, r=-0.89, tell us
A. is the same as r2. about the linear relationship of two quan-
titative variables?

B. can never be negative.
A. Strong positive
C. is the square of coefficient of determi-
nation. B. Weak positive
D. is the square root of coefficient of de- C. Strong negative
termination. D. Weak negative
15. The coefficient of correlation 21. The value of R2 lies between
A. is the square of the coefficient of de- A. -1 and 0
termination
B. -1 and 1
B. is the square root of the coefficient of
determination C. 0 and 1
C. . is the same as r-square D. None of the above
D. can never be negative 22. In regression analysis, what is R2 called?
16. SSE can never be A. residual
A. larger than SST B. coefficient of correlation
B. smaller than SS C. coefficient of determination
C. equal to 1 D. standard error of the estimate
D. equal to zero
23. Coefficient of correlation lies between
17. The measures the strength of the
A. 0 and +1
relationship between 2 variables.
B. 0 and-1
A. Correlation Coeffiecient
C. -1 and +1
B. Causation
C. Independent Variable D. -5 and +5
D. none of above 24. If the coefficient of determination is 0.81,

the correlation of coefficient is
18. Which type of variation is the sum of the
Explained and Unexplained Variations? A. 0.6561.
A. Explained Variation B. must be positive.
B. Unexplained Variation C. must be negative.
C. Total Variation D. could be either +0.9 or-0.9.
D. Correlation Variation 25. What is a line of best fit used for?
19. r = +1 indicates a A. To make predictions
A. perfect positive correlation. B. To make the graph look pretty
B. perfect negative correlation. C. To connect the points
C. high degree of positive correlation. D. To make it look like you know what you
D. high degree of negative correlation. are doing

26. The Coefficient of Determination tells us: 30. Correlation analysis is

A. The number of pickles on your ham- A. univariate analysis.
burger. B. bivariate analysis.
B. The answer to the question being C. multivariate analysis.
asked.
D. both bivariate and multivariate analy-
C. The percentage of data that is on the sis.
Line of Best Fit.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
31. What would be the correlation between
D. The equation of the line of best fit. study time and test grades?
27. If two variables, x and y, have a very A. positive
strong linear relationship, then B. negative
A. there is evidence that x causes a C. none
change in y. D. cannot be determined
B. there is evidence that y causes a
change in x. 32. The correlation between two variables is
r=0.5. Which statement is true?
C. there might not be any causal relation-
A. Average values of y changes by 0.5
ship between x and y.
when x is increased by 1.
D. None of these alternatives is correct.
B. Average values of x changes by 0.5
when y is increased by 1.
28. If the correlation coefficient, r =-1.0
C. x explains 25% of the variation in y.
A. all the points on the scatterplot must
fall exactly on a straight line with a posi- D. y explains 25% of the variation in x.
tive slope.
33. The coefficient of correlation for a problem
B. all the points on the scatterplot must was calculated to be 0.36. The coefficient
fall exactly on a straight line with a nega- of determination for this would be
tive slope. A. 0.6
C. all the points on the scatterplot must B. -0.6 or +0.6
fall exactly on a straight horizontal line.
C. 0.13
D. all the points on the scatterplot must
D. 0.36
fall exactly on a straight vertical line.
34. The Coefficient of Determination is
29. A study compared the number of years
of education and a person’s annual salary. A. r squared
The Correlation Coefficient of the data was B. r
r = 0.913. What is the Coefficient of De- C. r times the standard deviation of y over
termination? the standard deviation of x
A. 0.834 D. a + bx
B. 0.887
35. If there is a strong correlation, the value
C. 0.457 of r must be
D. 0.913 A. any value larger than 1.

8.9 Regression 301
B. closer to-1 if the correlation is nega- 40. If r = .750, find the Coefficient of Deter-
tive. mination.

C. closer to 0 if the correlation is positive. A. .250
B. .750
D. none of these.
C. .563
36. The correlation coefficient, r, is always be- D. .866
tween and
A. 0 and 1 41. The correlation between two variables is
r=0.5. Which of the statement is correct?
B. -1 and 1
A. Average values of y changes by 0.5
C. -1 and 0 when x is increased by 1.
D. none of above
B. Average values of x changes by 0.5
37. If the coefficient of determination is equal when y is increased by 1.
to 1, then the correlation coefficient C. x explains 25% of the variation in y.
A. must also be equal to 1 D. y explains 25% of the variation in x.
B. can be either-1 or +1
42. Which type of variation cannot be ex-
C. can be any value between-1 to +1 plained by the relationship between x and
D. must be-1 y and is due to other factors?
38. If the correlation coefficient is 0.8, the per- A. Explained Variation
centage of variation in the response vari- B. Unexplained Variation
able explained by the variation in the ex-
C. Total Variation
planatory variable is
A. 0.80% D. Correlation Variation
B. 80% 43. Two variables have a positive association

C. 0.64% when
D. 64% A. the value of one variable tends to in-
crease as the other variable increases.
39. If the coefficient of determination is 0.876,
B. the value of one variable tends to in-
what percent of the variation is ex-
crease as the other variable decreases.
plained?
C. the value of one variable tends to in-
A. 56%
crease regardless how the other variable
B. 88% change.
C. -67% D. the values of both variables are always
D. 92% positive.
8.9 Regression
1. What type of correlation describes the fol- football game.
lowing sentence:The temperature outside
and the number of hot chocolate sold at a A. postive

8.9 Regression 302
B. negative 6. What is a best-fit line used for?

C. none A. To make predictions
D. cannot be determined B. To make the graph look pretty
C. To connect the points
2. Base your answer to the following ques-
tion on the least square regression line:y = D. To make it look like you know what you
3.12-0.79 * x The mean of the y-variable are doing
is 2.12. What is the mean of the x-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
variable? 7. Suppose a straight line is fit to data having
response variable y and explanatory vari-
A. 1.27 able x. Predicting values of y for values of
B. 1.45 x outside the range of the observed data
is called
C. 1.68
A. extrapolation
D. 1.69
B. causation
3. The regression formula of Y = 3 − 0.6X C. correlation
indicates that
D. interpolation
A. Y is-2.4 if X = 1
8. The method of least square regression is
B. Y-intercept is-0.6.
used to the residuals.
C. X is dependent to Y.
A. minimise
D. the slope is downward.
B. maximise
4. In a regression line of Yon X the variable C. optimise
Xis known as D. None of the above.
A. independent variables
9. “Least-squares” in the term “least-
B. regressior squares regression line” refers to
C. explanatory variable A. Minimizing the sum of the squares of
D. all of the above all values of the explanatory variable.
B. Minimizing the sum of the squares of
5. Rich is a member of a gym. He pays a all values of the response variable.
monthly fee plus a per-visit fee. The equa-
tion below represents the monthly amount C. Minimizing the products of each value
Rich pays for his membership to the gym of the response variable and the predicted
per month for x visits.y= 10 + 3xWhat value based on the regression equation.
does the y-intercept of the graph of this D. Minimizing the sum of the squares of
equation represent? the residuals.
A. The monthly fee
10. A process by which we estimate the value
B. How much Rich pays per visit of dependent variable on the basis of an
C. The number of times Rich goes to the independent variable is called
gym A. correlation.
D. The total cost at the end of the month B. regression.

8.9 Regression 303
C. residual. C. coefficient of determination

D. slope. D. standard error of the estimate

11. What are residuals?
16. It is the technique used to develop the
A. Extreme scores. equation for a straight line and make these
B. The ratio of explained variation to the predictions
total variation. A. Regression Analysis
C. The mean between the observed
B. Best Fit Line
scores.
D. The differences between the observed C. Pearson r
and expected dependent variable scores. D. Correlation Analysis
12. Which of the following statements is not
17. Data was collected on the weight of a male
true of the correlation r between the
laboratory rat for the first 25 weeks after
lengths in inches and weights in pounds of
its birth. The linear regression equation is
a sample of brook trout?
y= 40x+100, where x is number of weeks
A. r must take a value between-1 and 1. and y is weight in grams. What does the y-
B. r is measured in inches. intercept mean in context of the problem?
C. If longer trout tend to also be heavier, A. The predicted weight of the rat in year
then r>0. 0.
D. r would not change if we measured the B. The predicted weight of the rat at birth.
lengths of the trout in centimeters instead
of inches.
C. The current weight of the rat.
13. number of years of education and job
salary D. The average increase in the rat’s
weight.
A. positive
B. negative 18. What is the y-intercept in the following
C. none equation? y = 3 + 5x
D. not enough info A. 5
14. Linear regression is a statistical regression B. -5

method which is used for C. 3
A. Predictive Analysis D. -3
B. Real Analysis
C. Complex Analysis 19. Regressionanalysis is the measure of
relationship between variables
D. Functional Analysis
A. nature
15. The standard deviation is to the mean as
the is to the regression line. B. independence
A. z-score C. cause and effect

B. SSR D. none of these

8.9 Regression 304
20. What letter do we use to represent corre- B. The slope of the regression line must
lation coefficient? be 0
A. c C. The residuals are all outliers
B. r D. This is not possible and must be the re-
C. p sult of an error on Victoria’s part.
D. h 25. In the regression equation y = bo+ b1x, bo

is the;
NARAYAN CHANGDER
21. A linear regression (LR) analysis produces
A. slope of the line
the equation Y = 3 + 0.4X. This indicates
that: B. independent variable
A. When Y = 0.4, X = 3 C. y intercept
B. When Y = 0, X = 3 D. coefficient of determination
C. When X = 3, Y = 0.4 26. Correlation coefficientcis equal to of re-
D. When X = 0, Y = 3 gression coefficients.
A. AM
22. Which of the following statistics show
how much variance there is between y- B. GM
values and x-values? C. AVERAGE
A. Coefficient of Determination D. SUM
B. Slope of the Regression Line
27. How many coefficients do you need to es-
C. Standard Deviation timate in a simple linear regression model
D. Variance (One independent variable)?
A. 1
23. Which is TRUE?I. Random scatter in the
residuals indicates a linear model.II. If B. 2
two variables are very strongly associ- C. 3
ated, then the correlation between them
D. 4
will be near 1 or-1.III. Changing the units
of measurement for x or y changes the cor- 28. The straight line of the linear equation of
relation coefficient. Y = mX + b, slope is horizontal if
A. I only A. m = 0
B. II only B. m < 0
C. I and II only C. m > 0
D. I, II and III D. m ̸= 0
24. Victoria found the least squares regres- 29. The slope of the LSRL for the points (1, 2),
sion line for a set of data and then graphed (3, 4) and (5, 6). What is the yintercept?
a residual plot. She found that all the A. -7.5
residuals were above 0. Which of the fol-
lowing is true? B. -3
A. Every point must have been above the C. 1

regression line. D. 3

8.9 Regression 305
30. What is the slope in the following equa- C. not an outlier

tion:y= 6-2/3x?
D. an outlier in the x direction

A. 2/3
B. 6 36. y =? + b1 x1 The? should be the
C. -6 A. slope
D. -2/3 B. residual
31. What would the correlation be between C. intercept
math grades and the time it takes to run a D. outcome
mile?
A. Postive Correlation 37. For the regression line of Y = mX + b,
B. Negative Correlation slope will be upward if
C. No Correlation A. m = 0
D. Cannot Be Determined B. m < 0
32. The regression line of Y on X is 5x-7y=10, C. m > 0

then the regression coefficient of Y on X D. m ̸= 0
is
5 38. When r=0 the regression lines are
A. 7
7 A. coincident
B. 5
−7 B. perpendicular
C. 5
10
D. 7 C. parallel
33. A correlation shows that two things are D. none of these
A. related
39. The sign of the correlation coefficient tells
B. causing each other you whether you have
C. unrelated A. a positive relationship
D. best friends
B. a negative relationship
34. The number of siblings you have and the C. Both are true
temperature outside
D. none of above
A. positive correlation
B. negative correlation 40. An influential point in the context of least
C. no correlation square regression lines is a
D. not enough info A. point far from all the other points
35. An influential observation is most often B. point that, when omitted, causes the
line to change significantly
A. larger than most other values in the y-
direction C. point that all other points are centered
around
B. larger than most other values in the x-
direction D. None of these

8.9 Regression 306
41. What is the best definition of the least 45. the range of regression coefficient is
squares regression line? A. −∞ to 0
A. The line that minimizes the squares of B. − ∞ to ∞
the horizontal distances between the data
C. -1 to +1
points and the line.
D. 1 to ∞
B. The line that minimizes the squares of
the vertical distances between the data 46. If bxy is greater than 1 then byx is
points and the line.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. greater than 1
C. The line that minimizes the vertical dis- B. less than 1
tances between the data points and the
line. C. equal to 1
D. The line that passes through the most D. equal to-1
number of data points. 47. Which of the following are true about the
42. What key do you type on the calculator to least-square regression line? I. The aver-
enter data into a table. age of its residuals is 0. II. The sum of
its residuals is zero. III. It is the line that
A. STAT produces the highest r-value.
B. MATH A. III only
C. Y= B. I and II
D. VARS C. I and III
43. What type of correlation do you think D. I, II and III
there is between:Outside Temperature &
48. If the slope of the regression equation y =
Heating Bill
bo + b1x is positive, then;
A. Positive
A. as x increases y decreases
B. Negative
B. as x increases so does y
C. NONE
C. Either a or b is correct
D. Not enough information D. as x decreases y increases
44. Which is the best CONTEXTUAL descrip- 49. In regression analysis, the variable that is
tion of the y-intercept for the linear regres- being predicted is;
sion equation of the rats:Weight = 100 +
40(Time)? A. the independent variable
A. The y-intercept is 100, which means B. the dependent variable
the rat is predicted to weigh 100 grams C. usually denoted by x
at birth. D. usually denoted by r
B. The y-intercept is 100, which is where
50. If Linear regression model perfectly first
the graph crosses the y-axis.
i.e., train error is zero, then
C. 100 is where the data starts on the y-
A. Test error is also always zero
axis.
B. Test error is non zero
D. The y-intercept is 100, which means at
a weight of 0, the rat will take 100 sec- C. Couldn’t comment on Test error
onds. D. Test error is equal to Train error

8.9 Regression 307
51. Which of the following correlation coeffi- C. There is a strong negative correlation
cients shows the strongest relationship? between sales and age of the salesperson.
(Hint:A correlation that is negative can still

be strong.) D. There is a weak negative correlation
A. r = 0.728 between sales and age of the salesper-
B. r =-0.197 son.
C. r = 0.932 56. The amount of time a runner spends train-

D. r =-0.982 ing and their time in the mile.
A. positive correlation
52. What is the y-intercept in the following
equation:y=-5-4x? B. negative correlation
C. no correlation
A. -4
D. not enough info
B. -4x
C. 5 57. Linear regression analysis produces an
equation of Y = 7-3.2X. This indicates
D. -5
that:
53. What would the correlation between ele- A. An X value of 0 would would increase
vation and temperature be? Y by 7.
A. none B. A 1 unit decrease in X results in a 3.2
B. cannot be determined unit decrease in Y.
C. positive correlation C. A 1 unit increase in X results in a 3.2
unit increase in Y.
D. negative correlation
D. A 1 unit increase in X results in a 3.2
54. Simple linear regression requires that the unit decrease in Y.
scales of measurement be expressed in ei-
ther 58. A residual is
A. nominal or ordinal. A. the difference between the squares of
predicted values in a LSRL and data points
B. ordinal or ratio.
on a scatterplot
C. interval or ratio.
B. the difference between the observed
D. nominal or interval. x-value and the predicted x-value.
55. Data is collected comparing sales of cars C. the difference between the predicted
and the age of the salesperson. After an- x-value and the observed x-value.
alyzing the data, it is determined that the D. the difference between the observed
correlation coefficient is 0.19. What does y-value and the predicted y-value.
this mean?
59. The purpose of regression analysis is to
A. There is little to no correlation be-
tween sales and age of the salesperson. A. obtain a value of X from a value of Y.
B. illustrate the correlation using the
B. There is a strong positive correlation scatterplot.
between sales and age of the salesperson. C. measure the degree of association be-
tween two variables.

8.9 Regression 308
D. predict a value of dependent variable C. whether a cause and effect relation ex-
using the value of an independent vari- ists between two variables.
able. D. the strength of the linear relationship
60. What type of correlation describes the between two quantitative variables.
following sentence:The number of people 65. In the equation of a straight line, Y = bX +
that go the pool and the temperature out- a the term, b is the
side.
A. Dependent variable
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. positive
B. Slope
B. negative
C. Intercept
C. none
D. Independent Variable
D. cannot be determined
66. What type of correlation (associa-
61. The equation of a least squares regression tion)?The outside temperature and the
line is given by = 1.6 + 9.4x. Find the amount of layers you wear.
residual of the point (4, 4). A. Positive correlation
A. 0.0 B. Negative correlation
B. 4.0 C. No correlation
C. 19.6 D. none of above
D. 35.2
67. You are analyzing a scatter plot that has a
62. A regression model in which more than one negative correlation. What is true of the
independent variable is used to predict the of the x and y values?
dependent variable is called as A. As x increases, y decreases
A. a simple linear regression model B. As x increases, y increases
B. a multiple regression model C. As x decreases, y decreases
C. an independent model D. none of above
D. none of above 68. A residual is defined as
63. If x is temperature and y is coffee sales, A. The difference between the actual Y
use the following formula to determine the values and the mean of Y.
coffee sales on a 34◦ day.y =-60x+6443 B. The difference between the actual Y
A. $4403 values and the predicted Y values.
B. $4673 C. The predicted value of Y for the aver-
age X value.
C. $8483
D. The square root of the slope.
D. $6443
69. The equation y =-2x + 7 models the
64. The correlation coefficient measures amount of gas remaining in a lawnmower
A. whether there is a relationship be- after x hours of use since it was filled.
tween two variables. What is the meaning of the slope?
B. the strength of the relationship be- A. For each hour of mowing, the mower
tween two quantitative variables. is predicted to use 2 gallons.

8.9 Regression 309
B. the predicted amount of gas the lawn- B. Curve

mower can hold is 2 gallons C. Random with no pattern

C. For every two hours of mowing, the D. A few clumps
mower is predicted to use 7 gallons.
D. The predicted amount of gas remain- 74. What is the regression equation used for?
ing after 1 hour is 2 gallons. A. To make the graph looks pretty.
70. Which of the following can affect the value B. To connect the point.
of the correlation r? I. A change in mea- C. To indicate where all data points
surement units II. Adding a constant to all should lie.
values of the y-variable III. Interchanging
x and y IV. Adding another data point D. To make predictions.
A. III only 75. Simple linear regression is

B. IV only A. unstandardized
C. III and IV B. standardized
D. II, III, and IV C. only an inferential statistic
71. Which one of the following is the most ap- D. only used when the predictor is a con-
propriate definition of a 99% confidence tinuous variable
interval?
76. If there is NO correlation between 2 vari-
A. 99% of the time in repeated samples, ables, the correlation coefficient is
the interval would contain the true value
A. 1
of the parameter
B. -1
B. 99% of the time in repeated samples,
the interval would contain the estimated C. 0
value of the parameter D. none of above
C. 99% of the time in repeated samples,
the null hypothesis will be rejected 77. If a regression coefficient is less than 1
then the other should be?
D. 99% of the time in repeated samples,
the null hypothesis will not be rejected A. Equal to 1
when it was false B. Less than 1
72. the term regression was introduced by C. 0
A. R A Fischer D. Greater than 1
B. Sir Francis Galton 78. r=-0.89
C. Karl Pearson A. Strong positive
D. None of these B. Weak positive
73. What should a residual plot look like? C. Strong negative
A. Distinct Pattern D. Weak negative

8.10 Multiple Regression 310
8.10 Multiple Regression

1. What test statistic is used for a global test B. Stepwise Forward
of significance?
C. Stepwise Backward
A. Z test
D. Variable selection methods are NOT
B. t test recommended
C. Chi-square test
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6. The partial F-test
D. F-test
A. is an omnibus test
2. To detect multicollinearity a researcher
should B. considers the reduction in error when
moving from the complete model to the re-
A. evaluate both the VIF and Tolerance
duced model
B. always start by screening variables
through a variable selection procedure C. considers the reduction in error when
moving from the reduced model to the
C. evaluate either VIF or Tolerance complete model
D. closely examine all second-order D. can only be conceptualized as a reduc-
terms in a model tion in error
3. Variable Selection Methods are helpful
when 7. Consider the null hypothesis H0:β 1=0,
β 2=2β 3, β 3=2β 4=2 for the
A. the researcher is not basing predic- model:Y=β 0+β 1X1+β 2X2+β 3X3+β 4X4+β 5X5+u.
tors on theory Which one is the restricted model for this
B. has many variables (10 or more) under null?
consideration
A. Y-2X2-X3-X4=β 0+β 5X5+u
C. wants to easily disregard IVs that
cause multicollinearity B. Y-4X2-2X3-X4=β 0+β 5X5+u
D. All of the above C. Y-4X2-2X3-X4=β 0+u

D. Y-X2-X3-X4=β 0+β 5X5+u
4. Suppose that we want to test the over-
all significance of the regression model
8. Polynomial regression, specifically with a
Y=β 0+β 1X1+β 2X2+β 3X3+β 4X4+β 5X5+u
quadratic term
with 100 observations. Which one cor-
rectly defines the test statistic for this A. is not a general linear model
hypothesis? B. contains a higher-order term that
A. F=(SSRR/5)/(SSRU/(94) makes one independent variable depend
B. F=((SSRR-SSRU)/5)/(SSRU/(94) on another independent variable
C. F=((SSRU-SSRR)/5)/(SSRU/(94) C. contains a higher-order term that
makes the relationship of one IV to the DV
D. F=((SSRR-SSRU))/(SSRU/(94)
depend on the value of another IV
5. The most popular variable selection D. contains a higher order term that
method is makes the relationship of an IV to the DV
A. Stepwise Stepwise depend on the value of the IV itself

9. The percent of total variation of the depen- 13. When an interaction is significant, what is
dent variable Y explained by the set of in- the researcher’s next step? Evaluate
dependent variables X is measured by

A. the significance of each predictor (i.e.,
A. Coefficient of Correlation evaluate the main effects)
B. Coefficient of Skewness B. the conditional slopes at a fixed level
C. Coefficient of Determination of the independent variable(s)
D. Standard Error of Estimate C. the degree to which one independent
variable impacted the others
10. Which one is correct about hypothesis
D. whether it introduced multicollinearity
test?
into the model
A. We can use F test if the null contains
only equality restrictions 14. In the equation of a straight line, Y = mX
B. We can write t2=F when there is 2 re- + c, if m is equal to-2 then
strictions A. The relationship between the two vari-
C. Critical values for the left sided and ables is perfect
right sided t tests are same. B. There is no relationship between the
D. The null hypothesis can include strict two variables
inequality restriction.
C. There is a positive relationship be-
11. Variable selection methods generally work tween the two variables
by selecting IVs in a sequential fashion D. There is a negative relationship be-
based on tween the two variables
A. the IVs zero-order correlation with the
DV 15. Data on some variables might contain
a classification (e.g., defective or good,
B. the IVs residual after all other IVs graduate or undergraduate, etc.) rather
have been used to predict it than numerical values. Such variables are
C. the IVs semi-partial correlation with referred to as
the DV A. quantitative variables
D. the increase in the adjusted R2 when
B. quasi-quantitative
the variable enters the model
C. mixed-variables
12. If the Pearson correlation co-efficient R is
equal to 1 then D. qualitative variables
A. There is a perfect positive relationship 16. When will you use hierarchical entry re-
between the two variables gression? When
B. There is a negative relationship be- A. you have less than 10 predictors
tween the two variables
B. predictors are based on theory
C. There is no relationship between the
two variables C. I want to consider only significant pre-
dictors
D. There is a positive relationship be-
tween the two variables D. I want to appear statistically cool

17. The data on a variable x contains a series C. household income

of numerical values (all > 1). If we create D. household neighbourhood
a new variable z = 1/x, the numerical val-
ues of the new variable z when compared 21. In the equation of a straight line, Y = mX
those of x will + c, if m is equal to zero then when
A. be the same A. Y increases X increases
B. be smaller B. X increases Y decreases
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. be larger C. X increases Y remains constant
D. be the same but negative D. X increases Y increases
18. A cost accountant is developing a regres- 22. Matrix algebra is important because
sion model to predict the total cost of pro-
A. its super fun and makes us look math-
ducing a batch of printed circuit boards as a
ematically cool
linear function of batch size (the number of
boards produced in one lot or batch), pro- B. helps us to understand what the com-
duction plant (Kingsland and Yorktown), puter is actually doing
and production shift (day and evening). C. is efficient
The response variable in this model is
D. all of the above
A. batch size
23. An interaction
B. production shift
A. is a second-order term
C. production plant
B. causes the linear model to convert to
D. total cost
a plane
19. In regression analysis, a dichotomous vari- C. must have crossing contour lines
able, i.e., a variable which stands for one
D. is mediation
of two possible categories of an observa-
tion (e.g., male or female), is assigned a 24. Which parameter estimate is the location
value of parameter?
A. 1 or 2 A. slope
B. 0 or 1 B. intercept
C. 0 or 2 C. standardized beta
D. x or y D. interaction term
20. A market analyst is developing a regres- 25. When you have categorical predictors, the
sion model to predict monthly household intercept is the
expenditures on groceries as a function of
family size, household income, and house- A. average difference between all groups
hold neighbourhood (urban, suburban, and
rural). The response variable in this model B. difference between the group of inter-
is est and the reference group
A. family size C. mean of the reference group
B. expenditures on groceries D. value of the basic mean model

8.11 Sampling distribution 313
26. In regression analysis, outliers may be A. estimability

identified by examining the a) coeffi- B. extrapolation
cient of determinationb) coefficient of cor-

relationc) p values for the partial coef- C. multicollinearity
ficientsd) residualse) R-squared valueAn- D. non-linear problem
swer:d
29. R-square is a mathematical notation for
A. coefficient of determination
A. Spearman’s Co-efficient of Rank Corre-
B. coefficient of correlation
lation
C. residuals
B. Pearson’s Co-efficient of Correlation
D. R-squared value
C. The Co-efficient of Determination
27. If the slope of the regression line is calcu-
D. The Co-efficient of Variation
lated to be 2.5 and the intercept 16 then
the value of Y when X is 4 is 30. In a data set containing the values of two
A. 16 variables y (e.g., demand for a commodity
B. 2.5 product), and x (e.g., price), the values of
y decrease at a constant or proportional
C. 26 rate as the values of x increase the graph
D. 66.5 of y versus x looks like
28. For a multiple linear regression model, if A. a downward-sloping straight line
the t values are not significant, but the B. an upward-sloping straight line
overall F value for the model is highly sig-
nificant, then what might be the possible C. a two-dimensional plane
problem for this regression model? D. a curve
8.11 Sampling distribution

1. What name refers to the standard devia- D. not enough information
tion of the sampling distribution?
3. Parameter is the numerical characteristic
A. sampling deviation of
B. mean deviation A. Sample
C. sampling error B. Population
D. standard error C. Standard Deviation
2. We take an SRS of a sample of 300 stu- D. Variance
dents from 2500 students at PVHS and
300 students from 1500 students at St. 4. Find the area under the standard normal
Augustine. The standard deviation of the curve to the right of z =-2.67.
sampling distribution of mean gpa is A. 0.0869
A. smaller for PVHS B. 0.9962
B. smaller for St. Augustine C. 0.0008
C. the same D. 0.1234

5. The weights of horses are approximately A. It is more likely to find 1 student that
normal with a mean of 1, 500 lbs. and travels more than 6 miles to school
a standard deviation of 30 lbs. What is B. It is more likely to find a sample of 29
the probability that the mean weight of 36 students whose mean is greater than 6
randomly selected horses is greater than miles
1560 pounds?
C. Both equally likely
A. 65.54%
D. There is not enough information to an-
B. 97.72%
NARAYAN CHANGDER
swer this question
C. 0%
9. In a crash test of 15 troopers, collision
D. 34.46% repair costs are found to have a distribu-
6. The mean and standard deviation of a tion that is approximately normal with a
population are 200 and 20, respectively. mean of $1800. Assume that the popula-
What is the probability of selecting 25 tion standard deviation is $950. Construct
data values with a mean less than 190? a 99% confidence interval for the repair
cost.
A. 69%
A. (1168, 2432)
B. 0.6%
B. (1397, 2204)
C. 31%
C. (1319, 2281)
D. 99%
D. None of these.
7. The population of number of presents each
10. A statistic is biased if
child in a family gets on Christmas is
strongly skewed right. The central limit A. the value of the statistic from any sam-
theorem states ple is NOT equal to the parameter
A. the mean number of gifts for a large B. The value of the statistic from any sam-
number of sample children has a strong ple IS equal to the parameter
right skew shape. C. The mean of the sampling distribution
B. the mean number of gifts for a large is NOT equal to the true value of the pa-
number of sample children has a distribu- rameter
tion that is close to normal D. The mean of the sampling distribution
C. as we look at more and more children IS equal to the vali
the mean number of gifts will be closer to
the true mean 11. A sample of 40 people owned an average
of 1.35 apple products. It is known from
D. the mean number of gifts for any num- a previous study that the population stan-
ber of children will be approximately nor- dard deviation of apple product ownership
mal is 0.63 products. Construct a 95% confi-
dence interval.
8. The mean distance an ASA student travels
to school is 5.6 miles with a standard de- A. (1.11, 1.58)
viation of 1.7 miles. Is it more likely to B. (1.15, 1.55)
find one student that travels more than 6
miles to school or a mean of a sample of 29 C. (1.19, 1.51)
students that travel more than 6 miles? D. (1.09, 1.61)

12. Taxi fares in New York City are normally 16. Increasing the sample size of an opinion
distributed with a mean fare of $22.50 poll will reduce the
and a standard deviation of $2.20. A

A. bias of the estimates made from the
tourism agency surveys 25 of its clients data collected in the poll.
who have recently traveled to New York
City to determine whether or not this in- B. variability of the estimates made from
formation is accurate.Which of the follow- the data collected in the poll.
ing is true of the shape of the sampling C. variability of opinions in the sample.
distribution? D. variability of opinions in the popula-
A. The sampling distribution is normal be- tion.
cause n < 30
17. The Central Limit Theorem states that if
B. The sampling distribution is not normal the original distribution is (approximately)
because n < 30 normal OR the sample size is greater than
C. The sampling distribution is normal or equal to , then the sampling distribu-
even though n < 30 because the population is approximately normal.
tion is stated to be normal A. 30
D. The sampling distribution is normal be- B. 20
cause both np and nq are > 10
C. 500
13. It is a process of selecting n sample size D. 80
in the population via random number or
through lottery method. 18. The 40 yards sprint times for a soccer
team are found to be normally distributed
with a mean of 5.2 seconds and a standard
B. Stratified Random Sampling deviation of 0.3 seconds. What is the z-
C. Systematic Random Sampling score for a player who runs a time of 5.6
seconds?
D. Cluster Random Sampling
A. -1.33
14. Which of the following is NOT an example B. 1.33
of random sampling?
C. 0.88
A. Systematic Sampling
D. 1.02
B. Quota Sampling
19. In the game of Scrabble, each player be-
C. Cluster Sampling gins by drawing 7 tiles from a bag contain-
D. Lottery Sampling ing 100 tiles. There are 42 vowel, 56 con-
sonants, and 2 blank tiles in the bag. Cait
15. of all dogs in a city are micro-chipped. In a chooses an SRS of 7 tiles. Let p-hat be the
sample of 50 dogs, what is the probability proportion of vowels in her sample. Is the
that less than 12 dogs are micro-chipped? Law of Large Counts met in this example?
A. 0.237 A. Yes.
B. 0.189 B. No.
C. 0.177 C. Not enough info to determine.
D. 0.126 D. none of above

20. If n=1, then the sampling distribution probability that a sample of 16 children
would have a size of would have fewer than 14 vaccinated.
A. N A. -1.34
B. n B. 1.34
C. 1 C. .0901
D. (n-1)
D. .9099
NARAYAN CHANGDER
21. What happens to the shape of a sampling
distribution of sample means as “n” in- 26. The process of dividing the population into
creases? subgroups or ‘strata’ and drawing mem-
bers at random from each subgroup or
A. It becomes narrower and less normal
‘strata’.
B. It becomes narrower and more nor-
mal.
C. It becomes wider and more normal B. Stratified Random Sampling
D. It becomes wider and less normal. C. Systematic Random Sampling

22. What is the Middle initial of my Statistics
Teacher?
27. A random sampling distribution of the
A. A mean is normally distributed when
B. C A. sample size is small relative to the size
C. F of the population
D. R B. the population is normally distributed
23. A z-score is considered “unusual” if its ab- C. the sample size is at least 30
solute value is greater than D. both b and c
A. 2
B. 1 28. According to the Center for Disease Con-
trol, 93% of children entering kinder-
C. 2.5 garten in the U.S. are vaccinated. A school
D. 3 district has 180 incoming kindergarten chil-
dren.Which of the following is true con-
24. A population consists of 12 members. If cerning the shape of the sampling distri-
samples of 4 are taken WITH replacement, bution?
how many possible samples are there?
A. The sampling distribution is normal be-
A. 495 cause n > 30
B. 459
B. The sampling distribution is not normal
C. 20 736 because nq is < 30
D. 20 763 C. The sampling distribution is normal be-
cause 10% of 180 is > 10
25. According to the Center for Disease Con-
trol, 93% of children entering kinder- D. The sampling distribution is normal be-
garten in the U.S. are vaccinated.Find the cause np and nq are both > 10

29. A recent survey finds that 35% of US 34. At a particular college, 78% of all stu-
households have at least one dog. You ran- dents are receiving some kind of financial
domly choose 50 households to ask if they aid.The school newspaper selects a ran-

have a dog. Could you use the Normal Ap- dom sample of 100 students and 72%
proximation for this? of the respondents say they are receiving
A. Yes, both np and nq are at least 5 some sort of financial aid. Which of the
following is true?
B. No, np is less than five
A. 78% is a population and 72% is a sam-
C. No, nq is less than five ple.
D. No, this is not a binomial B. 72% is a population and 78% is a sam-
ple
30. It is a process of selecting the kth element
in the population until the desired number C. 78% is a parameter and 72% is a statis-
of subjects or respondents is attained. tic
A. Simple Random Sampling D. 72% is a parameter and 78% is a statis-
tic
B. Stratified Random Sampling
C. Systematic Random Sampling 35. The mean and standard deviation of a
population are 200 and 20, respectively.
What is the probability of selecting 64
31. Increasing the sample size of sample will data values with a mean between 195 and
reduce the 200?
A. bias. A. 41%%
B. variability. B. 48%
C. mean. C. 1.5%
D. nothing, it will stay the same. D. 0.5%

36. The average cost for a gallon of gasoline
32. It is a process of selecting clusters from
is $2.51 (source AAA.org) with a stan-
a population which is very large or widely
dard deviation of $0.42. These prices are
spread out over a wide geographical area.
strongly right-skewed. What is the shape
A. Simple Random Sampling of the sampling distribution if n = 49?
B. Stratified Random Sampling A. Strongly Right Skewed
C. Systematic Random Sampling B. Approximately Bell Shaped
D. Cluster Random Sampling C. Roughly Uniform
33. According to de Moivre’s Equation, in or- D. Strongly left skewed
der to get an estimate that is three times 37. According to a television commercial, 3 out
more accurate than your old one, you need of 4 dentists recommend Trident gum for
to collect times as much data patients who have dental work. A con-
A. 9 sumer magazine has surveyed 100 den-
B. 3 tists to see if this claim is true. Which is
closest to the probability that between 70
C. 6 and 74 percent of the dentists recommend
D. 27 Trident?

A. .9238 D. Sampling Distribution

B. .2846 42. The mean distance an ASA student travels
C. -.2846 to school is 5.6 miles with a standard devi-
D. .0762 ation of 1.7 miles. Mrs. Dugger finds the
mean of her 4th period class-a randomly
38. In a given population, the mean is 200 and selected sample of 29 students. What is
the standard deviation is 20. If we take the probability that the mean of her class
a sample of size 25, what is the mean of is more than 6 miles?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
the sampling distribution?
A. P = 0.00
A. 200
B. P = 0.1020
B. 16
C. P = 0.8980
C. 25
D. P = 1.27
D. 4
43. Which sample size for a sampling distribu-
39. You need to use the Finite Correction Fac- tion will have the smallest standard devi-
tor when the sample size is more than ation?
of the population size, and you are select-
A. n = 10
ing without replacement.
A. 5% B. n = 200
B. 1% C. n = 400
C. 15% D. n = 1000
D. 2% 44. The Gallup Poll asked a random sample of

1785 adults whether they attended church
40. What effect does INCREASING the sample during the past week. Let p-hat be the
size have on a sampling distribution? proportion of people in the sample who at-
A. No effect tended church. A newspaper report claims
B. Increasing the sample size makes the that 40% of all U.S. adults went to church
distribution wider last week. Suppose this claim is true.
What is the mean of the sampling distri-
C. Increasing the sample size makes the bution of p-hat?
distribution narrower
A. 0.4
D. Increasing the sample size increases
the area under the sampling distribution B. 0.44
curve C. 0.56
41. It is a probability distribution wherein the D. 0.6
sample means obtained will form a fre-
45. If the population is countable, we call it
quency distribution and the correspond-
ing probability distribution can be con-
structed. A. Finite
A. Normal Distribution B. Infinite
B. Discrete Probability Distribution C. Discrete
C. Standard Normal Distribution D. Continuous

46. The weight distribution of Unicorns is ap- 51. The weights of the eggs produced by a cer-
proximately normal with a mean of 1, tain breed of hen are normally distributed
000 lbs. and a standard deviation of 25 with mean 65 grams and standard devi-

lbs. What is the probability that the mean ation of 5 grams. What is the probabil-
weight of 25 randomly selected unicorns ity that one egg selected at random from
is greater than 1010 pounds? a hen house will weigh more than 68
A. 65.54% grams?
B. 97.72% A. 0.2743
C. 2.28% B. 0.7257
D. 34.46% C. 0.0901
47. A group of 625 students has a mean age D. 0.9099
of 15.8 years with a standard deviation
of 0.6 years. The ages are normally dis- 52. Taxi fares in New York City are normally
tributed. What is the probability that a distributed with a mean fare of $22.50
randomly selected student is older than and a standard deviation of $2.20. A
16.5 years old? tourism agency surveys 25 of its clients
A. 0.864 City to determine whether or not this in-
B. 0.879 formation is accurate.Your best friend just
C. 0.121 got back from New York and says she
had a taxi fare of $25.00. What is the
D. None of these z-score that would correspond to his/her
48. Which of the following is the list of the taxi fare?
sample means, if samples are as follow:5, A. -1.14
105, 155, 2010, 1510, 2015, 20
B. 1.14
A. 7.51012.5131517
C. -5.68
B. 101520152020
D. 5.68
C. 7.51012.512.51517.5
D. 555101015 53. Taxi fares in New York City are normally
distributed with a mean fare of $22.50
49. Identify the Sample:
and a standard deviation of $2.20. A
A. 20 customers tourism agency surveys 25 of its clients
B. All customers who have recently traveled to New York
City to determine whether or not this in-
C. 8 customers
formation is accurate.The sample of 25
D. Dessert tourists reported an average taxi fare of
$23.20. What is the z-score that corre-
50. Which measure CANNOT have sampling
sponds to this amount?
distribution?
A. mean A. -0.318
B. standard error B. 0.318
C. standard deviation C. -1.59
D. range D. 1.59

54. The Gallup Poll asked a random sample of 58. If a sampling distribution of sample means
1785 adults whether they attended church has a sample size less than 30:
during the past week. Let p-hat be the A. the shape will be Normal
proportion of people in the sample who at-
tended church. A newspaper report claims B. the shape will be between the shape of
that 40% of all U.S. adults went to church the population and Normal
last week. Suppose this claim is true. Cal- C. the shape will not be Normal
culate the standard deviation of the sam- D. there is no way we can detrmine the
pling distribution.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
shape
A. 0.0116
59. Find the area under the standard normal
B. 0.0117 curve to the right of z = 3.15.
C. 0.0118
A. 0.0869
D. 0.0119
B. 0.9962
55. The sampling distribution of a statistic is C. 0.0008
D. 0.1234
A. Using repeated samples and finding a
probabilitity 60. It is estimated that 45% of the 10th grade
class will go on the class trip this year. If
B. The distribution of values taken by a
you randomly choose 10 sophomores and
statistic in all possible samples of the
ask them if they are going on the trip,
same sample size from the same popula-
could you use the Normal Approximation
tion
to predict these results?
C. The way that sample results differe
from each other A. Yes, both np and nq are greater than 5
D. the distribution of values in a sample

of size n B. No, np is less than five
C. No, nq is less than five
56. It is the numerical characteristic of a sam-
ple. D. Yes, either np or nq are greater than 5
A. Mean 61. The Gallup Poll asked a random sample of
B. Variance 1785 adults whether they attended church
during the past week. Let p-hat be the
C. Parameter
proportion of people in the sample who at-
D. Statistic tended church. A newspaper report claims
that 40% of all U.S. adults went to church
57. A sample of the reading scores of 35 fifth-
last week. Suppose this claim is true. Of
graders has a mean of 82. The standard
the poll respondents, 44% said they did
deviation of the population is 15.Find the
attend church last week. Find the proba-
90% confidence interval of the mean read-
bility of obtaining a sample of 1785 adults
ing scores of all fifth-graders.
in which 44% or more say they attended
A. 203 < µ < 213 church last week if the newspaper’s claim
B. 78 < µ < 86 is true.
C. 77 < µ <87 A. 99%
D. 202 < µ < 214 B. 4.4%

C. 0.028 % 66. Which of the following is the best example

D. Conditions were not met, so you can- of statistic?

not calculate this. A. Mean
B. Population variance
62. The mean and standard deviation of a pop-
ulation are 400 and 40, respectively. Sam- C. Sample Standard Deviation
ple size is 25. What is the mean of the D. Variace
sampling distribution?
67. A 90% confidence interval for the mean
A. 400
speed driven by cars on East Main St. is
B. 40 given by (21, 45). What was the sample
C. 25 mean of this study?
D. 8 A. 12
B. 24
63. A 90% confidence interval for a popula-
tion mean is determined to be 800 to 900. C. 33
If the confidence is increased to 95% confi- D. None of these.
dence while the sample statistics and sam-
ple size remain the same, the confidence 68. Always Always?
interval A. Yeah Yeah!
A. becomes wider B. Heptagon
B. becomes narrower C. Go ahead!
C. does not change D. Awwww.
D. none of above 69. In the game of Scrabble, each player be-
gins by drawing 7 tiles from a bag contain-
64. The mean and standard deviation of a
ing 100 tiles. There are 42 vowel, 56 con-
sonants, and 2 blank tiles in the bag. Cait
What is the probability of selecting one
chooses an SRS of 7 tiles. Let p-hat be the
data value less than 190?
proportion of vowels in her sample. Is the
A. 69% 10% condition met in this case?
B. 42% A. Yes.
C. 31% B. No.
D. 58% C. Not enough info to determine.
D. none of above
65. What is the standard error of the sam-
pling distribution?Given:Population size is 70. A sample is taken of 200 people. The
5Sample size is 3Without replacementPop- number of people who own a dog was
ulation variance is 20.5209 80.What is the sample proportion?
A. 1.70 A. 80
B. 1.07 B. 0.8
C. 3.42 C. 0.4
D. 1.85 D. 35%

71. Review:{33, 25, 42, 25, 31, 37, 46, 29, B. P

38}What is the interquartile range of the C. phat
data in the set above?
D. standard deviation
A. 8
76. Taxi fares in New York City are normally
B. 9
distributed with a mean fare of $22.50
C. 13 and a standard deviation of $2.20. A
D. 21 tourism agency surveys 25 of its clients
NARAYAN CHANGDER
72. A classroom has 30 students. The mean City to determine whether or not this in-
height of students in this classroom is 63 formation is accurate.Recently a sample of
in. with a standard deviation of 4.6 in. As- 25 tourists reported an average taxi fare
sume these heights approximate a normal of $23.20. What is the probability that a
distribution.If ten students are selected at sample of 25 would have an average taxi
random from this classroom, what is the fare greater than $23.20?
probability that the mean height of the se- A. .3752
lected students will be less than 62 in.?
B. .6248
A. 0.2033
C. .0559
B. 0.2451
D. .9441
C. 0.1170
77. According to the Center for Disease Con-
D. 0.2420 trol, 93% of children entering kinder-
73. For which scenario is it not permissible garten in the U.S. are vaccinated.Find the
to use the normal distribution to approx- z-score associated with a sample of 180
imate the sampling distribution? children in which 162 have been vacci-
nated.
A. “x” is Poisson, n =20
A. -1.34
B. “x” is Poisson, n=50
B. 1.34
C. “x” is Normal, n=20
C. .0901
D. “x” is Normal, n=50
D. .9099
74. Another name for the standard deviation 78. A statistic is an unbiased estimator of a
of a sampling distribution is the parameter when
A. standard error A. the statistic is calculated from a ran-
B. variance dom sample.
C. sum of squares B. in many samples, the values of the
statistic are very close to the value of the
D. expected value
parameter.
75. of all Woodrow students believe Monday C. in a single sample, the value of the
will be snow day. You take a sample of 50 statistic is equal to the value of the param-
students and find that 15 of them believe eter
Monday will be a snow day. What does D. in many samples, the values of the
50 represent? statistic are centered at the value of the
A. n parameter.

79. The mean and standard deviation of a pop- given by (21, 45). What was the margin
ulation are 200 and 20, respectively. Sam- of error of this study?
ple size is 25. What is N?

A. 12
A. 200
B. 24
B. 16
C. 33
C. 25
D. None of these.
D. 4
80. A distribution showing the sample means 84. The mean and standard deviation of a pop-
of all sample of size n of a population is ulation are 200 and 20, respectively. If
called 25 data points are selected from this pop-
ulation at random, what is the probability
A. Normal Distribution that they have a sample mean of less than
B. Binomial Distribution 190?
C. Sampling Distribution A. 69%
D. Uniform Distribution B. 0.6%
81. What is the variance of the sampling dis- C. 31%
tribution? Given:Population size of 4Sam-
D. 99%
ple size is 2Without replacementPopula-
tion variance of 7.75
85. Which z-value is used for a 95% confi-
A. 1.92 dence interval?
B. 1.29 A. 1.645
C. 1.13
B. 1.96
D. 1.30
C. 2.575
82. The Gallup Poll asked a random sample of D. 2.33
1785 adults whether they attended church
during the past week. Let p-hat be the 86. If n=N (a census), then the sampling distri-
proportion of people in the sample who at- bution would have a size of:
tended church. A newspaper report claims
that 40% of all U.S. adults went to church A. 1
last week. Suppose this claim is true. Cal- B. n
culate the standard deviation of the sam-
pling distribution. (Check to see if the C. N
10% condition is met first) D. (n-1)
A. 0.0116
87. How old is my teacher?
B. 0.0117
C. 0.0118 A. 18
D. 0.0119 B. 20
C. 25
83. A 90% confidence interval for the mean
speed driven by cars on East Main St. is D. 30

88. The weight distribution of Unicorns is ap- potato chips is selected. What is the prob-
proximately normal with a mean of 1, 000 ability that the mean of the sample is less
lbs. and a standard deviation of 25 lbs. In than 10 ounces?
a group of 20 randomly selected unicorns, A. P =-1.05
what is the standard deviation of the sam-
pling distribution (”sigma of x bar”)? B. P = .1469
A. 25 C. P = .0202
B. 1.25 D. P = .8531
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. 5.59 93. The weights of unicorns are known to have
D. 4 a mean of 1000 and a standard deviation
of 25. What is the probability that the
89. The mean and standard deviation of a average weight of 25 randomly selected
(large) population are 200 and 20, respec- unicorns is greater than 1010 pounds?
tively. If 100 data points are selected at A. 65.54%
random from this population, what is the
B. 97.72%
probability that the mean of this sample
will be greater than 202? C. 2.28%
A. 45% D. 34.46%
B. 36% 94. A sample of 30 women finds the mean
C. 25% height to be 62.3 in The population stan-
dard deviation was found to be 1.5 in.
D. 16%
Find the margin of error of women’s
90. Which of the following does NOT have an heights with a 95% CL.
affect on the width of a confidence inter- A. 1.699
val? B. 0.65
A. Sample mean C. 0.537
B. z* D. 19.325
C. Sample standard deviation
95. A population consists of 5 members. If
D. Sample size samples of 3 are taken with replacement,
how many possible samples are there?
91. It is a technique in selecting n elements
from a population with size N. Samples are A. 15
repeatedly drawn from a population. B. 243
A. Random Variable C. 125
B. Random Sampling D. 10
C. Sampling Technique
96. A z-score tells you
D. Research
A. the standard deviation of a sampling
92. The mean weight of potato chip bags is distribution.
10.5 ounces with a standard deviation of B. the original raw score on which it is
3 ounces. A random sample of 40 bags of based.

C. if the distribution it comes from is nor- B. We are 95% confident that the true
mal. mean calorie content in cupcakes is be-
tween 150 and 350 calories.

D. how many standard deviations away
from the mean a score lies. C. We are 95% confident that a sample of
20 cupcakes will find 250 calories per cup-
97. Any data set of size N has a number of
cake.
corresponding sampling distributions, for
sample sizes n=1 to n=N. What is the size D. None of these are correct.
of each of these sampling distributions?
NC
101. The mean and standard deviation of a
A. n (large) population are 200 and 20, re-
B. Nn spectively. If 64 data points are selected
C. NP
n
at random from this population, what is
the probability that the mean value of
D. None of these these data points will be between 195 and
98. The football coach randomly selected ten 200?
players and timed how long each player A. 41%%
took to perform a certain drill. The times
B. 48%
(in minutes) were:13.2, 5.1, 7.5, 8.0,
12.7, 7.6, 13.8, 14.5, 7.7, and 10.5. De- C. 1.5%
termine a 99 percent confidence interval D. 0.5%
for the mean time for all players. (Assume
that the population standard deviation is 102. An automobile insurer has found that re-
equal to 3.3) pair claims have a mean of $920 and a
A. 12.11 < µ < 8.01 standard deviation of $870. Suppose that
the next 100 claims can be regarded as a
B. 8.01 < µ < 12.11
random sample from the long-run claims
C. 7.37 < µ < 12.75 process.The probability that the mean of
D. 12.75 < µ < 7.37 the next 100 claims is larger than $1000
is approximately
99. The mean and standard deviation of a pop-
ulation are 400 and 40, respectively. Sam- A. 0.9200
ple size is 25. What is the standard devi- B. 0.8212
ation of the sampling distribution?
C. 0.1789
A. 400
D. 0.1788
B. 40
C. 25 103. The mean and standard deviation of a
D. 8 What is the probability of selecting 100
100. A sample of 20 cupcakes found the inter- data values with a mean greater than
val for calories to be (150, 350). Which is 202?
the correct interpretation of the 95% con- A. 45%
fidence interval?
B. 36%
A. We are 95% confident that the true
mean calorie content can be found with a C. 25%
sample of 150 to 350 cupcakes. D. 16%

8.12 Standard error 326
8.12 Standard error

1. Which of the following are used to draw 6. Which water property is the result of wa-
the error bars on a graph? ter molecules sticking together to create
A. Mean surface tension?
B. Standard Deviation A. Adhesion
C. Standard Error of the Mean B. Cohesion
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Degrees of Freedom C. Solvent
D. High heat capacity
2. This SPECIFIC type of bond exists between
the hydrogen of one water molecule to the 7. Water is considered a molecule, be-
oxygen of another water molecule. cause it has positively and negatively
A. Hydrogen bond charged regions.
B. Covalent bond A. intermolecular
C. Ionic bond B. nonpolar
D. Metallic bond C. polar
3. This type of bond exists between the hy- D. dense

drogen atoms and oxygen atom in one wa- 8. In a population of five university students
ter molecule with GPAs of 2.5, 2.3, 1.7, 1.4, and 1.1,
A. Hydrogen bond a sample of three students are considered.
B. Covalent bond What would be the mean of the resulting
sampling distribution?
C. Ionic bond
A. 1.9
D. Metallic bond
B. 1.8
4. When you have a normal distribution,
C. 1.7
which of the following applies?
D. 1.6
A. 68% of the values fall within 1 stan-
dard deviation 9. To find the you add up all the numbers
B. 90% of the values fall within 1 stan- and then divide by how many numbers you
dard deviation have.
C. 75% of the values fall within 1 stan- A. Mean
dard deviation B. Median
D. 99% of the values fall within 1 stan- C. Mode
dard deviation D. Range
5. This water property is essential for bio- 10. The following properties are all demon-
logical functions in digestion to carry nu- strated by water, except
trients in the blood.
A. Adhesion
A. Adhesion
B. Low heat capacity
B. Cohesion
C. Solvent
C. Solvent
D. Cohesion
D. Thermal
8.13 Confidence Intervals 327
8.13 Confidence Intervals

1. We plan to survey college seniors to see 5. What can you do to reduce the margin of
what proportion plan to attend grad school error?
next year. Using 98% confidence, how A. increase the confidence level
many students should we survey if we
wish the margin of error to be within B. decrease the confidence level
3%? C. increase sample size
A. approximately 1170 D. decrease sample size
B. approximately 1050
6. In a survey of 104 students, it was found
C. approximately 1500 that 79 went to the homecoming game this
D. approximately 40 year. Calculate a 99% confidence interval
for p.
2. A random sample of 42 textbooks has a
mean price of $114.50 and a standard de- A. (0.652, 0.868)
viation of $12.30. Find a point estimate B. (0.691, 0.829)
for the mean price of all textbooks. C. (0.678, 0.842(
A. $42 D. (0.685, 0.895)
B. $12.30
7. Margin of Error is equal to:
C. $114.50
A. Standard Deviation
D. $2.73
B. 2 * Standard Deviation
3. What is the format for interpreting a con-
fidence interval? C. Critical Value
A. The interval from to captures D. Point Estimate

the true mean in context. 8. Construct a 95% confidence interval for
B. C% of samples of the same size taken the population mean, µ . Assume the pop-
from the same population will capture the ulation has a normaldistribution. A sample
parameter in question of 20 college students had mean annual
C. There is convincing evidence that C% earnings of $3120 with a standard devi-
gives the interval ( , ) capturing the ation of$677.
parameter in question. A. ($1324, $1567)
D. We are C% confident that the interval B. ($2135, $2567)
from to captures the [parameter
C. ($2803, $3437)
in context].
D. ($2657, $2891)
4. What is the degrees of freedom equal to
for the t distribution? 9. Choose the appropriate confidence interval
A. n for the situation:A random sample of 75
oak trees has a mean height of 62 ft. As-
B. n+1 sume a population standard deviation of
C. 1-n 3.8 ft.
D. n-1 A. z confidence interval for a mean

B. t confidence interval for a mean 14. Determine the minimum sample size
C. z confidence interval for a proportion needed to construct a 95% confidence in-
terval for the mean age of employees at a
D. t confidence interval for a proportion company. The estimate must be accurate
10. Choose the appropriate confidence interval to within 0.5 year. Assume the standard
for the situation:A random sample of 30 deviation is 4.8 years.
movie theaters showed that the average A. 18
price for a movie was $10 with a standard
NARAYAN CHANGDER
deviation of $1.20. B. 19
A. z confidence interval for a mean C. 354
B. t confidence interval for a mean
D. 355
C. z confidence interval for a proportion
D. t confidence interval for a proportion 15. Which of the following is the definition of
a “point estimate?”
11. In a crash test of 15 troopers, collision re-
pair costs are found to have a distribution A. The average of a population.
that is approximately normal, with a mean
of $1800 and a sample standard deviation B. The average of a sample.
of $950. Construct a 99% confidence in- C. The midpoint of a confidence interval.
terval for the repair cost.
D. The confidence interval.
A. (1069.77, 2530.23)
B. (1077.13, 2522.87) 16. A sample of 30 women finds the mean
C. (1167.15, 2432.85) height to be 62.3 in and the standard de-
D. None of these. viation to be 1.5 in. Find the margin of
error of women’s heights with 95% confi-
12. A 90% confidence interval for the mean dence.
speed driven by cars on Due West Road is
given by (21, 45). What was the margin A. 1.699
of error of this study? B. 0.56
A. 12
C. 0.537
B. 24
C. 33 D. 19.325
D. None of these.
17. Compute a 90% confidence interval for
13. The height of women is normally dis- the situation:A random sample of 30
tributed with an average height of 64 movie theaters showed that the average
inches and a standard deviation of 2.5 price for a movie was $10 with a standard
inches. What interval contains 99.7% of deviation of $1.20.
all data?
A. (9.71, 10.29)
A. 61.5 to 66.5
B. (9.934, 10.066)
B. 56.5 to 71.5
C. 59 to 69 C. (9.64, 10.36)
D. 2.5 to 99.7 D. (9.628, 10.372)

18. A random sample of 100 WHS students on the trip with a standard deviation of
found that 53 of them were in possession $47.5. Which of the following would be
of a pencil. What is the p-hat for this sam- the 98% confidence interval for the mean

ple? money spent by all visitors to this theme
A. 0.53 park?
B. 0.5 A. ($130.77, $153.23)
C. 0.47 B. ($132.77, $151.43)
D. 1 C. ($132.69, $151.31)
D. ($140.88, $143.12)
19. Thirty randomly selected students took
the calculus final. If the sample mean was 23. A sample of 400 racing cars showed that
92 and the standard deviation was 9.4, 80 cars cost over $700, 000. What is the
construct a 99 percent confidence interval 99% confidence interval of the true pro-
for the mean score of all students from portion of cars costing over $700, 000?
which the sample was gathered. A. 0.001 < p < 0.005
A. 89.08 < µ < 94.92 B. 0.566 < p < 0.693
B. 87.27 < µ < 96.73 C. 0.148 < p < 0.252
C. 87.29 < µ < 96.71 D. 0.023 < p < 0.045
D. 87.77 < µ < 96.23
24. Compute a 98% confidence interval:Last
20. Which of the following values below rep- year, the times for Midlo soccer games
resents the critical value for a 98% confi- were normally distributed with a standard
dence interval? deviation of 2.8 minutes. A random sam-
A. 2.326 ple of 7 soccer games this year had an av-
erage length of 94 minutes.
B. 2.054
A. (91.235, 96.765)
C. 1.645
B. (91.827, 96.173)
D. 3.091
C. (91.538, 96.462)
21. Which confidence would result in a wider D. (90.674, 97.326)
interval (assuming nothing else changed),
91% or 97%? 25. Complete the equation:point estimate +/
A. 97%, z* is larger for higher confidence
intervals A. standard deviation
B. 97%, the standard error is larger for B. margin of error
higher confidence intervals C. critical value
C. 91%, z* is larger for lower confidence D. confidence level
intervals
D. 91%, the standard error is smaller for 26. A newspaper reporter asked an SRS of
lower confidence intervals 100 residentsin a large city for their opin-
ion about the mayor’sjob performance. Us-
22. A random sample of 100 visitors to a popu- ing the results from the sample, the C%
lar theme park spent an average of $142 confidence interval for the proportion of

allresidents in the city who approve of C. (0.117, 0.292)

the mayor’s jobperformance is 0.565 to
D. (0.048, 0.361)
0.695. What is the value of C?
A. 82 30. If random samples are selected from a pop-
ulation, what happens to the margin of er-
B. 86
ror is the sample size is increased from 50
C. 90 to 200?
D. 95 A. It decreases
NARAYAN CHANGDER
27. Thirty-five randomly selected students B. It increases
took the calculus final. If the sample mean C. It remains the same
was 92 and the standard deviation was
9.4, construct a 90 percent confidence in- D. There is no way to know without more
terval for the mean score of all students. information.
A. 89.08 < µ < 94.92 31. We want to know if students work too
B. 89.39 < µ < 94.61 much (and thus spend less time on their
classes). Previous studies show that the
C. 87.29 < µ < 96.71 standard deviation for work time is 3
D. 87.77 < µ < 96.23 hours, and a survey of 40 students has a
mean of 9.8 work hours. The 95% confi-
28. A random sample of 85 sixth-graders in dence interval is
a large city take a course designed to im-
prove scores on a reading comprehension A. (8.84, 10.76)
test. Based on this sample, a 90% confi- B. (8.87, 10.73)
dence interval for the mean improvement
C. (9.02, 10.58)
in test scores for all sixth-graders in the
city taking this course is found to be (12.6, D. (9.00, 10.60)
14.8). Which of the following are the sam-
ple mean and margin of error on which this 32. Find the value of E, the margin of error, for
interval is based? c = 0.90, n = 16 and s = 2.4.
A. Sample Mean = 13.7; Margin of Error A. 0.26
= 1.1 B. 0.08
B. Sample mean = 13.7; Margin of Error C. 2.54
= 2.2
D. 1.05
C. Sample mean is unknown; Margin of
Error = 2.2 33. Which of the following sources of error is
D. none of above included in the margin of error
A. chance variation in choosing a random
29. A study found that in a sample of 44
sample.
subjects, 9 of agree that children under
6 shouldn’t be taken to nice restaurants. B. undercoverage.
Calculate a 95% confidence interval for p. C. some of the subjects did not under-
A. (0.105, 0.305) stand the questions.
B. (0.082, 0.318) D. voluntary response.

34. Use the t table to find the critical A. 2.072

value.98% confident, df = 10 B. 2.25

A. 2.36 C. 2.704
B. 2.76
D. 2.807
C. 2.82
38. What critical value t* is used in construct-
D. 2.40
ing a 99% confidence interval based on n
35. Why do we use a t-distribution instead of = 12 randomly selected observations.
a z-distribution for means? A. 3.106
A. It reflects greater variability present B. 3.055
in small samples.
C. 2.58
B. It allows us to decrease the margin
of error without increasing our confidence D. 1.96
level.
39. A recent study of 750 Internet users in
C. It allows us to use the population stan- Europe found that 35% of Internet users
dard deviation. were women. What is the 95% confidence
D. None of these. interval of the true proportion of women
in Europe who use the Internet?
36. A quality control specialist at a glass fac-
A. 0.321 < p < 0.379
tory must estimate the mean clarity rating
for a new batch of glass using a sample of B. 0.316 < p < 0.384
18 glass sheets from the batch. Past in- C. 0.309 < p < 0.391
vestigations show that clarity ratings are
normally distributed. The specialist de- D. 0.305 < p < 0.395
cides to use a t-distribution rather than a 40. A person selects a random sample of 15
z-distribution because credit cards and determines the annual in-
A. The t distribution is more accurate terest rate, in percent, of each one. The
than a z distribution. sample mean is 12.42 with a sample stan-
B. Clarity ratings for the entire bacth are dard deviation of 1.3. It is desired to con-
normally distributed. struct a 90% Confidence Interval.Find the
Standard Error to three decimal places.
C. The t-distribution will create a nar-
rower interval than z. A. 0.336
D. The standard deviation for the popula- B. 0.33566
tion is unknown. C. 13.156
37. A researcher wishes to determine the D. 0.087
mean energy consumption of a new light
bulb. She takes a random sample of 41 41. Use the margin of error, confidence level,
bulbs and determines that the mean con- and standard deviation σ to find the min-
sumption is 1.3 watts per hour with a imum sample, n, required to estimate an
standard deviation of 0.7. When con- unknown population mean µ .Margin of
structing a 97% confidence interval, which Error = $134Confidence level = 95% σ
would be the most appropriate value of =$542
the critical value? A. 62

B. 44 46. A random sample of 9 refrigerators has a

mean cost of $1263 and a standard devi-
C. 63
ation of $530.75. Construct a 90% con-
D. 109 fidence interval for the average cost of a
refrigerator.
42. Which of the following changes to a study A. (933.93, 1592.40)
would result in a narrower confidence in-
terval? B. (934.26, 1921.47)
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. increasing the confidence level, in- C. (605.19, 1921.47)
creasing the sample size D. (650, 2300)
B. decreasing the confidence level, de- 47. The 90% interval for a statistics test was
creasing the sample size given by 72 +-7. What is the lower bound
C. increasing the confidence level, de- for the interval?
creasing the sample size A. 7
D. decreasing the confidence level, in- B. 72
creasing the sample size. C. 65
43. Use the t table to find the critical D. 79
value.95% confident, sample size = 8
48. What is the degrees of freedom equal to?
A. 2.36 A. n
B. 2.31 B. n+1
C. 1.89 C. 1-n
D. 1.86 D. n-1
44. A random sample of 100 WHS students 49. Increasing the sample size the confi-
found that 53 of them were in possession dence interval.
of a pencil. What is the p-hat ( population A. increases
proportion percentage) for this sample?
B. decreases
A. 0.53 C. does not affect
B. 0.5 D. there is not enough evidence to deter-
C. 0.47 mine the answer
D. 1 50. A research group wishes to estimate the

mean amount of time (in hours) that mem-
45. Which of the following is NOT a common bers of a fitness center spend exercising
confidence level? each week. They want to estimate the
mean within a margin of error of 0.5 hours
A. 90%
with a 95% level of confidence. Previous
B. 95% data suggests that the standard deviation
of the population is 2.2. Which of the fol-
C. 99%
lowing is the smallest sample size they
D. 100% could use?

A. 60 deviation of $12.30. Find a 98% confi-

dence interval for the mean price of all
B. 75
textbooks.

C. 90
A. (111.38, 117.62)
D. 180
B. (110.08, 118.92)
51. A random sample of 20 cupcakes found the C. (110.78, 118.22)
interval for average calories to be (150,
D. (109.61, 119.39)
350). Which is the correct interpretation
of the 95% confidence interval? 55. An IQ test was given to a simple random
A. We are 95% confident that the true sample of 75 students at a certain college.
mean caloric content can be found with a The sample mean score was 105.2. Scores
sample of 150 to 350 cupcakes. on this test are known to have a standard
deviation of 10. It is desired to construct
B. We are 95% confident that the interval
a 90% confidence interval for the mean IQ
150 to 350 calories captures the true av-
scores of the students at the college.What
erage caloric content.
is the point estimate?
C. We are 95% confident that a sample of A. 75
20 cupcakes will find 250 calories per cup-
cake. B. 105.2
D. None of these are correct. C. 10
D. 0.90
52. In a survey of 250 Internet users, 195
have high-speed Internet access at home. 56. An IQ test was given to a simple random
Find a 90% confidence interval for the sample of 75 students at a certain college.
proportion of all Internet users who have The sample mean score was 105.2. Scores
high-speed Internet access at home. on this test are known to have a standard
A. (1.19, 1.38) deviation of 10. It is desired to construct
a 90% confidence interval for the mean IQ
B. (0.728, 0.832) scores of the students at the college.What
C. (0.731, 0.829) is the point estimate?(that is the number
before the ± symbol)
D. (0.737, 0.823)
A. 75
53. You take a poll and find that 34% of B. 105.2
the 100 people you asked dislike school
lunches. Using a 95% confidence level, C. 10
what is the margin of error? D. 0.90
A. 0.093
57. Find the critical value, tc for c = 0.99 and
B. 0.047 n = 10.
C. .034 A. 3.169
D. .34 B. 3.250
54. A random sample of 42 textbooks has a C. 2.262

mean price of $114.50 and a standard D. 1.254

58. Which of the following changes to a study 63. What is the alpha value for a 95% confi-
would result in a smaller confidence inter- dence level?
val? A. 1
A. increasing the confidence level, in- B. .05
creasing the sample size
C. 5
B. increasing the confidence level, de-
creasing the sample size D. 1.05
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. decreasing the confidence level, de- 64. In a survey of 250 Internet users, 195
creasing the sample size have high-speed Internet access at home.
D. decreasing the confidence level, in- Find a point estimate for the proportion of
creasing the sample size. all Internet users who have high-speed In-
ternet access at home.
59. Find the Critical Value( z*) for an 86% Con- A. 1.28
fidence Level. Be careful.
B. 0.78
A. -1.48
C. 0.22
B. 1.48
D. 195
C. 1.282
65. A nurse at a local hospital is interested
D. -1.47
in estimating the birth weight of infants.
60. Suppose an interval is (.62, .70). Margin How large a sample must sheselect if she
of error = desires to be 99% confident that the true
mean is within 4 ounces of the sample
A. .04 mean? Thestandard deviation of the birth
B. .08 weights is known to be 9 ounces.
C. .66 A. 30
D. .74 B. 7
C. 15
61. Use the z table or your calculator to find
the critical value (Z*) that corresponds to D. 34
92% confidence.
66. Construct a 95% confidence interval:A
A. 1.41 random sample of 75 oak trees has a mean
B. 1.75 height of 62 ft. Assume a population stan-
dard deviation of 3.8 ft.
C. 1.81
A. (58.20, 65.80)
D. 1.96
B. (61.14, 62.86)
62. Find the t* value for a 99% confidence in-
C. (60.87, 63.13)
terval with a sample of 23 people.
D. (60.28, 63.72)
A. 1.714
B. 1.711 67. Construct a 90% confidence interval of a
random sample size of 19 cows with a
C. 2.064 mean of 155.526 and a standard devia-
D. None of these. tion of 19.993.

A. (146.54, 164.52) 72. The football coach randomly selected ten

B. (147.57, 163.48) players and timed how long each player
took to perform a certain drill. The times

C. (147.59, 163.46) (in minutes) were:13.2, 5.1, 7.5, 8.0,
D. (143.69, 167.36) 12.7, 7.6, 13.8, 14.5, 7.7, and 10.5. De-
termine a 95 percent confidence interval
68. Given the Critical Value of Z = 2.11, find for the mean time for all players.
the Confidence Level.
A. (2.30, 7.82)
A. 96.52%
B. (7.82, 12.30)
B. 95%
C. (7.72, 12.40)
C. 99%
D. (2.40, 7.72)
D. 98.26%
73. Mr. Kellar’s class would like to estimate
69. What is the t value associated with 90% the mean number of times females interact
confidence and a sample size of 15? with Instagram at Northland. Find a 95%
A. 1.341 confidence interval based on the data stu-
dents gathered:10, 15, 20, 8, 7, 5, 15,
B. 1.345 20, 7, 8, 9, 6
C. 1.761 A. (7.7, 14.9)
D. 1.753 B. (7.6, 14.1)
70. Most people can roll their tongues, but C. (7.5, 14.2)
many can’t. The ability to roll the tongue D. (7.8, 15)
is genetically determined. Suppose we are
interested in determining what proportion 74. Determine the sampling error if the grade
of students can roll their tongues. We test point averages for 10 randomly selected
a simple random sample of 400 students students from a class of 125students has
and find that 317 can roll their tongues. a mean of x = 2.3. Assume the grade point
The margin of error for a 95% confidence average of the 125 students has a mean
interval for the true proportion of tongue of µ = 2.7.
rollers among students is closest to A. 0.04
A. 0.0008 B. 2.5
B. 0.02 C. -0.4
C. 0.003 D. 2.1
D. 0.04
75. The is the maximum likely difference
71. The amount added and subtracted to the between the point estimate of a parame-
statistic. ter and the actual value of the parameter.
A. Margin of Error A. Point Estimate
B. Confidence Interval B. Inference
C. Z Score C. Confidence Level
D. Population D. Maximum Error of Estimate

76. Find the minimum sample size needed to A. (0.652, 0.868)

be 4% within the true proportion if you B. (0.691, 0.829)
are 95% confident and p-hat = 0.6
C. (0.678, 0.842)
A. 12
D. (0.685, 0.895)
B. 6
C. 961 81. Find the critical value Zc that corresponds
to a 98% confidence level
D. 577
A. 2.33
NARAYAN CHANGDER
77. It was found that in a sample of 90 B. 1.645
teenage boys, 70% of them have received
speeding tickets. What is the 90% con- C. 1.96
fidence interval of the true proportion of D. 2.575
teenage boys who have received speeding
tickets? 82. A research company wants to estimate
the proportion of people who like oatmeal.
A. (0.621, 0.780) They want the confidence level to be 95%.
B. (0.591, 0.812) The company gets 325 people to sign up
C. (0.584, 0.830) for the survey, but on the day that the
survey is issued, only 250 people show up
D. (0.615, 0.805) and take the survey. What happens to the
78. A laboratory tested 72 candy bars found in confidence interval?
vending machines and found that the mean A. It gets larger
number of calories was 240 with s = 19.6 B. It gets smaller
calories. Construct a 95% confidence in-
terval for the mean calories of all candy C. It stays the same
bars found in vending machines. D. Too little information given
A. (236.21, 243.79) 83. A random sample of 15 DVD players has
B. (235.47, 244.53) a mean price of $64.30 and a standard de-
C. (234.04, 245.96) viation of $5.60. Find a 95% confidence
interval for the mean price of all DVD play-
D. (235.40, 244.60) ers.
79. If the population standard deviation is un- A. (61.20, 67.40)
known which distribution should be used B. (61.47, 67.13)
to find a confidence interval for a mean?
C. (61.22, 67.38)
A. Chi-square distribution
D. (61.10, 67.51)
B. Normal distribution
C. Binomial distribution 84. Choose the appropriate type of confidence
interval for the situation described be-
D. T-distribution low.A random sample of 9 refrigerators
80. In a survey of 104 students, it was found has a mean cost of $1263 and a standard
that 79 went to the homecoming game deviation of $530.75. Construct a 90%
this year. Find p-hat first and use z for- confidence interval for the average cost of
mula with p-hat in it.Calculate a 99% con- a refrigerator.
fidence interval for p. A. z-distribution for mean cost

B. t distribution for mean cost 89. A researcher studying reaction time of

C. z-distribution for proportions drivers states that, “A 95% confidence
interval for the mean time it takes for a

D. t-distribution for proportions driver to apply the brakes after seeing the
brake lights on a vehicle in front of him is
85. In a recent study of 42 eighth graders, the 1.2 to 1.8 seconds. What are the point
mean number of hours per week that they estimate and margin of error for this in-
watched television was19.6. Assume the terval?
population standard deviation is 5.8 hours.
Find the 98% confidence interval for thep- A. Point estimate = 1.2 seconds; margin
opulation mean. of error = 0.6 seconds.
A. (14.1, 23.2) B. Point estimate = 1.2 seconds; margin

of error = 0.3 seconds.
B. (18.3, 20.9)
C. Point estimate = 1.5 seconds; margin
C. (17.5, 21.7) of error = 0.6 seconds.
D. (19.1, 20.4) D. Point estimate = 1.5 seconds; margin
of error = 0.3 seconds.
86. Find the Critical Value for an 86% Confi-
dence Level. 90. Find the critical value tc necessary to form
A. -1.48 a 95% confidence interval with a sample
size of 15.
B. 1.48
A. 1.960
C. 1.282
B. 2.145
D. -1.47
C. 2.131
87. A nutritionist found that in a sample of D. 2.120
80 families, 22% said they are apples at
least once a week. Construct the 90% CI 91. The lifetime of a certain type of batter is
for the population proportion. known to be normally distributed with a
standard deviation of 20 hours. A sam-
A. (0.144, 0.296)
ple of 50 batteries had a mean lifetime of
B. (0.190, 0.250) 120.1 hours. It is desired to construct a
C. (0.704, 0.856) 99% confidence interval for the mean life-
time of this type of battery.What is the
D. (0.129, 0.311) Confidence Interval to one decimal place?
88. The standard IQ test has a mean of 97 and A. (114.5, 125.6)
a standard deviation of 17. We want to be B. (112.8, 127.4)
95% certain that we arewithin 5 IQ points
C. (112.82, 127.38)
of the true mean. Determine the required
sample size. D. (114.56, 125.64)
A. 45 92. An IQ test was given to a simple random
B. 154 sample of 75 students at a certain college.
The sample mean score was 105.2. Scores
C. 72 on this test are known to have a standard
D. 10 deviation of 10. It is desired to construct

a 90% confidence interval for the mean IQ 97. Find the critical value zc necessary to form
scores of the students at the college.Find a 98% confidence interval.
the Margin of Error to two decimal places. A. 2.33
A. 1.90 B. 2.05
B. 1.89 C. 0.5040
C. 1.899 D. 0.8365
D. 1.99
98. A random sample of 100 visitors to a popu-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
93. A researcher at a major hospital wishes to lar theme park spent an average of $142
estimate the proportion of the adult popu- on the trip with a sample standard devi-
lation of the U.S. that has high blood pres- ation of $47.50. Which of the following
sure. How large a sample is needed in or- would be the 98% confidence interval for
der to be 90% confident that the sample the mean money spent by all visitors to
proportion will not differ from the true pro- this theme park?
portion by more than 5%? A. ($130.77, $153.23)
A. 302 B. ($130.96, $153.07)
B. 271 C. ($132.69, $151.31)
C. 164 D. ($140.88, $143.12)
D. 542
99. A survey of 280 homeless persons showed
94. What is the margin of error for the inter- that 63 were veterans. Construct a 90%
val (6.8, 12.9)? confidence interval for the proportion of
A. 9.85 homeless persons who are veterans.
B. 3.05 A. (0.161 to .289)
C. 3.50 B. (0.176 to 0.274)
D. 6.8 C. (0.184 to 0.266)
D. (0.167 to 0.283)
95. A random sample of 100 Woodrow stu-
dents found that 53 of them were in pos- 100. Suppose that a confidence interval for
session of a pencil. Create a 90% confi- hours worked by students was computed
dence interval for this sample. to be (8.82, 10.78). Which of these is a
A. (0.45, 0.61) valid interpretation of this confidence in-
terval?
B. (0.43, 0.63)
A. There is a 95% probability that the av-
C. (0.53, 0.63)
erage number of hours worked by all stu-
D. none of above dents is between 8.82 and 10.78 hours.
96. Which of the following is an example of an B. There is a 95% probability that a ran-
interval estimate? domly selected student worked between
A. point estimate 8.82 and 10.78 hours.
B. critical value C. We are 95% confident that the popu-

lation average number of hours worked
C. confidence interval by all students is between 8.82 and 10.78
D. statistic hours.

8.14 Concept of point and interval estimation 339
D. We are 95% confident that the average 105. A local bank needs information concern-
number of hours worked by the students ing the savings account balances of its
in our sample is between 8.82 and 10.78 customers. A random sample of 13 ac-

hours. counts was checked. The mean balance
was $686.75 with a sample standard de-
101. Compute a 95% confidence inter-
viation of $256.20. Find a 95% confi-
val:Hint:use p-hat formulaAfter watching
dence interval for the true mean.
a horror film, 34 out of 50 people reported
problems getting to sleep. A. ($513.14, $860.36)
A. (.55, .81) B. ($525.59, $847.91)
B. (.571, .789) C. ($533.27, $840.23)
C. (.671, .689) D. ($531.85, $841.65)
D. There is not enough information to
106. You are given two sets of data measuring
compute a confidence interval.
the same information, both with the same
102. You want to estimate, with 95% confi- sample size. Set A has a larger Standard
dence, the proportion of households with Error than Set B. If you were looking for
pets. Your estimate must be accurate a 99.8% Confidence Interval, which set
within 3% of the population proportion. would have a larger Margin of Error?
No preliminary estimate is available. Find A. Set A
the minimum sample size needed.
B. Set B
A. 1141
C. Not enough information
B. 3267
D. I have no idea what you’re asking me
C. 1068
to do
D. 1067
107. Does the interval (3, 14) support the
103. Find the value of zc for a 90% confidence claim that the mean of a data set is 2.9
interval.
A. Yes
A. -1.96
B. No
B. 1.645
C. Not enough information.
C. 1.440
D. none of above
D. -1.598
104. What is the point estimator for the inter- 108. A gives an interval of plausible val-
val (-5, 13)? ues for the
A. 10 A. confidence interval, statistic
B. 9.5 B. point estimate, parameter
C. 9 C. point estimate, statistic
D. -5 D. confidence interval, parameter
8.14 Concept of point and interval estimation

8.14 Concept of point and interval estimation 340
1. A property of a point estimator that occurs 7. The lifetime of a certain type of battery
whenever a large sample sizes tend to pro- is known to be normally distributed with
vide point estimates closer to the popula- a standard deviation of 20 hours. A sam-
tion parameter ple of 50 batteries had a mean lifetime of
A. efficiency 120.1 hours. It is desired to construct a
99% confidence interval for the mean life-
B. unbiased time of this type of battery.What is the
C. consistency Confidence Interval to one decimal place?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. relative estimation A. (114.5, 125.6)
2. Values that belong to a population B. (112.8, 127.4)
A. Statistic C. (112.82, 127.38)
B. Parameter D. (114.56, 125.64)
C. Error
8. It is a mathematical model for decision
D. Sample making
3. It is denoted by µ . A. Sample
A. Population B. Population
B. Population Mean C. Normal Curve
C. Sample Mean D. Error
D. Population Standard Deviation
9. What is the critical value z-value for a
4. When the confidence level is 90%, alpha 99% confidence interval?
level is 0.01.
A. -2.58
A. True
B. 1.96
B. False, it’s 0.10
C. -1.64
C. False, it’s 0.05
D. False, it’s 0.50 D. 2.58
5. A point estimate of a population consists 10. It is a subset of a set of data.

of how many numbers? A. Population
A. 1 B. Sample
B. 2
C. Error
C. 10
D. Parameter
D. infinite
11. Find the value of z α2 for a 90% confidence
6. It is the difference between a value and
the mean. interval.
A. Error A. -1.96
B. Parameter B. 1.645
C. Population mean C. 1.440
D. Sample Mean D. -1.598

8.15 Tests of Significance 341
12. It is denoted by σ . C. Error

A. Population D. Normal Curve

B. Population Standard Deviation
15. When α = 0.01, the confidence coeffi-
C. Sample Standard Deviation cients are ±1.96
D. Sample A. True
13. For 95% confidence level, the coefficients B. False, it’s ±1.65
are ±1.65
C. False, it’s ±2.58
A. True
D. none of above
B. False, it’s ±1.96
C. False, it’s ±2.58 16. Given the interval (1.2, 1.8), what is the
D. none of above point estimate and the margin of error?
A. 1.5, 0.6
14. It is a set of data one wishes to investi-
gate. B. 1.5, 0.3
A. Sample C. 1.2, 0.3
B. Population D. 1.2, 0.6
8.15 Tests of Significance

1. A two-tailed test with n = 41 has a test A. Null hypothesis
statistic z = 1.56. Which is the correct p- B. Alternative Hypothesis
value?
C. H0
A. 0.0594
D. Ha
B. Between 0.10 and 0.15
4. When making the decision regarding the
C. Between 0.050 and 0.075
null hypothesis, we should reject when the
D. 0.1188 p-value is
2. The greater the difference between the Ho A. large enough

claim and the true value of the population B. even
parameter, C. small
A. The smaller the risk of a Type II error D. negative
and the smaller the power
5. Only about 20% of people who try to quit
B. The smaller the risk of a Type II error
smoking succeed. Sellers of a motivational
and the greater the power
tape claim that listening to their recorded
C. The greater the risk of a Type II error messages can help people quit. What is
and the smaller the power the alternative hypothesis?
D. The greater the probability of no A. p = 0.2
charge in Type II error or in power
B. p = 0.25
3. This symbol denotes the null hypothesis C. p < 0.2

D. p > 0.2 B. t
6. This symbol denotes the alternative hy- C. chi-square

pothesis D. cannot determine
A. Null hypothesis 10. A test of significance produces a P-value of
B. Alternative hypothesis 0.024. Which of the following conclusions
is appropriate?
C. H0
A. Accept Ha at the α = 0.05 level
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Ha
B. Reject Ha at the α = 0.01 level
7. White blood cell counts are normally dis- C. Fail to reject H0 at the α = .05 level
tributed with mean 7500 and variance
500. If a patient has taken 50 laboratory D. Reject H0 at the α = 0.05 level
blood tests that have a mean of 6899.75
11. USA Today reported that in 1992, 39%
and a standard deviation of 393.44, does
of all elementary school children claimed
this give evidence that his white blood cell
that when they grow up they want to do
count is significantly different than nor-
something to help other people. However,
mal?
in 1995, 128 of a random sample of 317
A. One-Sample T Test for a Mean of these same children claimed that when
B. One-Sample Z Test for a Proportion they grow up they want to do something
to help other people. Does this informa-
C. One-Sample Z Test for a Mean tion indicate that there has been an atti-
D. One-Sample T Test for a Proportion tude change either way?
A. 1 proportion z-test
8. To compare 2 dog-training programs, an
obedience school trained 43 dogs using B. 2 proportion z-test
Program A and 41 dogs using Program C. 1 sample t-test
B. For Program A, the average number of
D. 2 sample t-test
training hours required was 24.8 with a
standard deviation of 3.1 hours. For Pro- 12. The manager of a sporting goods store of-
gram B, the mean was 22.9 hours with a fered a bonus commission to his salespeo-
standard deviation of 3.3 hours. Is there ple when they sold moregoods. A new
a significant difference between the two manager dropped the bonus system. For
programs? a random sample of six sales people, the
A. One-Sample Z Test for a Proportion weeklysales (in thousands of dollars) are
shown in the following table with and
B. One-Sample Z Test for a Mean
without the bonus systemSalesperson 1 2
C. Two-Sample T Test for the Difference 3 4 5 6with bonus 2.9 3.0 5.8 4.4 5.3
in Means 5.6w/o bonus 2.8 2.5 5.9 3.5 4.6 4.6dif-
D. Two-Sample Z Test for the Difference ference 0.1 0.5-0.1 0.9 0.7 1.0
in Means A. Matched-Pairs T Test for a Mean
9. When performing a test about the popu- B. One-Sample T Test for a Mean
lation proportion, what distribution would C. Two-Sample T Test for the Difference
you need to use? in Means
A. z D. none of above

13. When performing a test about the popu- 18. A box of Raspberry Crunch cereal contains
lation mean, what distribution would you a mean of 13 ounces with a standard devi-
need to use? ation of 0.5 ounces. The distribution of the

A. z contents of cereal boxes is approximately
Normal. The cereal company is afraid the
B. t boxes being over filled. Suppose they get
C. chi-square a random sample of 25 boxes, and find a
D. cannot determine mean of 13.2 and a standard deviation of
0.154. Does this give evidence that the
14. The manager of a sporting goods store of- boxes are being overfilled?
fered a bonus commission to his salespeo-
A. 1 sample t-test
ple when they sold more goods. A new
manager dropped the bonus system. For B. 2 sample t-test
a random sample of six sales, the weeks C. 1 proportion z-test
sales (in thousands of dollars) were 3.7
with the bonus, SD of .15, and 3.3 with- D. 2 sample z-test
out the bonus, SD of .21. Does this imply
19. In 1975, a random sample of 1484 adult
that sales dropped when the bonus system
U.S. citizens was surveyed, and 193
was discontinued?
strongly agreed with the statement, “Peo-
A. 1 sample t-test ple should take care of themselves”. Then,
B. 2 sample t-test in 1991, a survey of 1013 adult U.S. citi-
C. 1 proportion z-test zens showed that only 61 strongly agreed
with the statement. Does this indicate
D. 2 proportion z-test that the proportion of U.S.adults who
15. The probability of a type I error is strongly agree with the given statement
has dropped?
A. alpha
A. Two-Sample Z Test for the Difference
B. beta
in Proportions
C. sigma
B. Two-Sample T Test for the Difference
D. 1-beta in Means
16. A left-tailed test with n = 41 has a test C. Matched Pairs T Test for a Mean
statistic t =-2.72. Which is the correct p-
D. One-Sample T Test for a Mean
value?
A. 0.0033 20. Dannon is supposed to put 29.6 grams
B. 0.0048 of fruit in their fruit-flavored yogurt. To
see if enough fruit is being placed in cups
C. 0.9952 of fruit-flavored yogurt, a quality inspec-
D. 0.9967 tor measured the amount in 27 contain-
ers.She found an average of 28.9 grams of
17. The alpha level is
fruit and standard deviation of 2.8 grams.
A. Always the same as the p value Does this show that there is probably
B. The pre-set threshold for significance enough yogurt in the cups?
C. The sample size A. One-Sample T Test for a Mean
D. The power B. One-Sample Z Test for a Proportion

C. Matched-Pairs T Test for a Mean A. Ho:The Green Bay Packers have the
D. Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test same ability to win at home as they do on
the road.
21. Which of the following is not a condition B. Ho:The Green Bay Packers have a
that needs to be checked for inference for greater ability to win at home than they
proportions? do on the road.
A. Ensuring that the sample is indepen-
C. Ha:The Green Bay Packers have the
dent
same ability to win at home as they do on
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Making sure the sample is representa- the road.
tive of the population
D. Ha:The Green Bay Packers have a
C. n*p0 > 10, n*q0 > 10 greater ability to win at home than they
D. n*p-hat > 10, n*q-hat > 10 do on the road.
22. Which of the following accurately de- 25. In performing a hypothesis test where the
scribes the power of a statistical test of nullhypothesis is that the µ = 6.9. A ran-
hypothesis? dom sample of 16items is selected. It
A. It is equal to the p-value. can be assumed that thepopulation is nor-
mally distributed at α = .05.After running
B. It is equal to 1-(p-value). our significance test, we get a p-value of
C. It is equal to the significance level. 0.156.
D. It is the probability that a test using a A. Reject Ho
fixed value of α will reject H0 when a par-
B. Reject Ha
ticular alternative value of the parameter
is true. C. Fail to reject Ho
D. Fail to reject Ha
23. A mayor is concerned about the percentage
of city residents who express disapproval 26. What is it called when something is un-
of his job performance. His political com- likely to happen by chance alone?
mittee pays for a newspaper ad, hoping
to keep his disapproval rating below 21%. A. Statistically Significant
They will use a follow up poll to assess ef- B. Alpha
fectiveness. What are the correct null and C. Confidence level
alternative hypotheses?
D. Probability
A. Ho:µ =21, Ha:µ <21
B. Ho:p=.20, Ha:p<.20 27. Choosing a smaller level of significance,
that is a smaller alpha risk, results in:
C. Ho:p< .21, Ha:p= .21
A. A lower risk of Type II error and lower
D. Ho:p= .21, Ha:p< .21
power
24. Lambeau Field, home of the Green Bay B. A lower risk of Type II error and higher
Packers, has a reputation for being favor- power
able to the home team. Is there convincing
evidence of this? In the 2008-2010 reg- C. A higher risk of Type II error and lower
ular seasons, the Packers were 17-7 at power
home and 10-14 on the road. What is the D. No change in risk of Type II error or
alternative hypothesis power

28. Without using any calculator or tables, de- Colorado showed that 47 claim they would
termine which of these is a plausible value choose college teaching again. Does this in-
for the upper critical value for a 93% con- dicate the proportion of professors in Col-

fidence interval: orado who would choose the career again
A. Z* = 1.645 is greater than the national rate of 76%?
Use a 1% level of significance.
B. Z* = 1.812
A. Do not reject Ho (z=0.76)
C. Z* = 1.960
B. Reject Ho (z=1.45)
D. Z* = 1.971
C. Do not reject Ho (z=1.45)
29. What is the critical value for a 95% confi-
dence interval for proportions? D. Reject Ho (z=0.6)
A. z = 1.645 33. The manufacturer of a particular brand of

B. z = 1.96 microwave popcorn claims that only 2 per-
cent of its kernels of corn fail to pop. A
C. z =-1.645 competitor, believing that the actual per-
D. z =-1.96 centage is larger, tests 2, 000 kernels and
finds that 44 failed to pop. Do these re-
30. What is the name of the claim we are try- sults provide sufficient evidence to sup-
ing to find evidence against? port the competitor’s belief?
A. Null hypothesis A. One-Sample Z Test for a Proportion
B. Alternative hypothesis
B. One-Sample T Test for a Mean
C. Margin of error
C. Two-Sample Z Test for a Proportion
D. Point estimate
D. Matched-Pairs T Test for a Mean
31. You plan to perform a hypothesis test with
a level of significance of 0.05. What’s 34. In testing hypotheses, which of the follow-
the effect on the probability of commit- ing would be strong evidence against the
ting a Type I error if the sample size is null hypothesis?
increased? A. using a small level of significance
A. The probability of committing a Type I B. using a large level of significance
error decreases
C. obtaining data with a small p-value
B. The probability of committing a Type I
error is unchanged D. obtaining data with a low test statistic
C. The effect cannot be determined with- 35. What does it mean when a test is statisti-
out knowing the relevant standard devia- cally significant?
tion
A. it has reached alpha level status
D. The effect cannot be determined with-
out knowing if a Type II error is committed B. the test statistic had a P-value higher
than the alpha level
32. About 76% of college professors said that
C. the test statistic had a P-value lower
if they could pick a career over again, they
than the alpha level
would choose to be a professor again. A
random sample of 59 college professors in D. it is important in practical terms

36. What is the Power of a test? 40. On August 8, 2009 broadcasters on the
A. A strong force Fox TV “Game of the Week” noted that
Yankees outfielder Nick Swisher hit 3
B. The probability that we correctly reject home runs at home and 15 on the road. He
a false null. claimed that his performances indicate that
C. The probability that we correctly ac- Swisher has a greater ability to hit home
cept a true null. runs at home than on the road. What is
the null hypothesis?
D. How tough it is.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Nick Swisher has the same ability to hit
37. The p-value of a hypothesis test is .0281. home runs at home and on the road
Is this result significant at the 5% signifi- B. Nick Swisher has a greater ability to hit
cance level? home runs at home than on the road
A. Yes, because .0281 > .05. C. Nick Swisher performed equally well
B. Yes, because .0281 < .05. at home and on the road
C. No, because .0281 < .05. D. Nick Swisher performed better at
D. No, because .0281 > .05. home than on the road
38. The football coach thinks about half his 41. A tire manufacturer claims that one partic-
players are skipping leg day in the gym. ular type of tire will last at least 50, 000
He follows 10 of his players around for a miles. A group of angry customers does
week, he found that 6 of them skipped leg not believe this is so. They took a sample
day in the gym. Does this give evidence of 14 tires to test if the mean mileage of
that over half of his students are skipping the tires is really less than 50, 000. If
leg day? 0.0100 < P-value < 0.0200, what deci-
sion should be made if testing at the a =
A. 1 sample t-test 0.05 level?
B. 1 proportion z-test A. Reject H0 and conclude that the tires
C. 2 sample t-test were not performing as claimed.
D. 2 sample z-test B. Reject H0 and conclude that the mean
tire life really is 50, 000 miles.
39. An engineer designs an improved light C. Do not reject H0 and conclude that the
bulb. The previous design had an average tires were not performing as claimed.
lifetime of 1200 hours. The new bulb had
a lifetime of 1201 hours, using a sample D. Do not reject H0 and conclude that the
of 2000 bulbs. Although the difference is mean tire life really is 50, 000 miles.
quite small, the effect was statistically sig-
42. An Air Force vase mess hall has received
nificant. The explanation is that
a shipment of 10, 000 gallon size cams of
A. new designs typically have more vari- cherries. The supplier claims that the av-
ability than standard designs erage amount of liquid is 0.25 gallons per
B. the mean of 1200 is large can. A government inspector took a ran-
dom sample of 100 cans and found that
C. the new bulbs last longer than the old the average liquid content to be 0.28 gal-
bulb lons per can with a standard deviation of
D. the sample size is very large 0.10. Does this indicate that the supplier’s

claim is too low? (Use a 5% level of sig- $800. A consumer group doubted that re-
nificance) port and surveyed 50 recent purchasers of
the minivan to dispute the manufacturer’s

A. Do not reject Ho (z=3)
claim. They came up with an average of
B. Reject Ho (z=2.56) $16, 277. Does this show that the manu-
C. Do not reject Ho (z=3) facturer is making a false claim?
D. Reject Ho (z=2.56) A. One-Sample T Test for a Mean
B. Matched-Pairs T Test for a Mean
43. How do you reduce both types of errors
from occurring? C. Two-Sample T Test for the Difference
in Means
A. it can’t be reduced
D. One-Sample Z Test for a Mean
B. redo the tests
C. increase the sample size 47. Your conclusion about a hypothesis test
should have all of the following character-
D. tamper with the data istics EXCEPT
44. Slab avalanches studied in Canada have an A. stating your conclusion in reference to
average thickness of µ = 67 cm. The ski the alternative hypothesis
patrol at Vail Colorado, is studying slab B. a comparison of your p-value to a spe-
avalanches in their region. A random sam- cific alpha-level
ple of 16 avalanches showed that x-bar =
C. a clear link to the context of the prob-
61.8cm and s = 10.6 cm. Assuming the
lem
slab thickness is normally distributed, test
the claim that the mean slab thickness is D. a confidence interval to further show
the Vail region is different from that in that your conclusion is correct
Canada with a level of significance of 1%.
48. In 1975, a random sample of 1484 adult
A. Do not reject Ho (z=-1.96) U.S. citizens was surveyed, and 193
B. Reject Ho (z=-1.57) strongly agreed with the statement, “Peo-
ple should take care of themselves.” Then,
C. Do not reject Ho (z=-1.96) in 1991, a survey of 1013 adult U.S. citi-
D. Reject Ho (z=-1.57) zens showed that only 61 strongly agreed
with the statement. Does this indicate
45. Which of the following best describes a that the proportion of U.S. adults who
Type I error? strongly agree with the given statement
A. The null is true, but we mistakenly re- has dropped?
ject it. A. 1 proportion z-test
B. The null is false and we reject it. B. 2 proportion z-test
C. The null is false, but we fail to reject it. C. 1 sample t-test
D. 2 sample t-test
D. The null is true but we fail to reject it.
49. A sports publication states that 32% of
46. A leading auto manufacturer claimed that married men cannot watch football games
a popular version of its minivan was avail- because their wives prevent it. You think
able in the Midwest foran average price that this is untrue. What is your null hy-
or $16, 000 with a standard deviation of pothesis?

8.16 Degree of freedom 348
A. The proportion of married men who 0.05, test theconsumer groups’ claim that
cannot watch football because their wives the miles per tank isactually lower than
prevent it is 0.32. 300 miles.
B. The proportion of married men who A. There is enough evidence to reject the
cannot watch football because their wives claim
prevent it is greater than 0.32.
B. There is not enough evidence to reject
C. The proportion of married men who the claim
cannot watch football because their wives
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. There is enough evidence to support
prevent it is less than 0.32.
the claim
D. The proportion of married men who
cannot watch football because their wives D. There is not enough evidence to sup-
prevent it is not 0.32. port the claim
50. A random sample of 49 medical doctors in 52. What is the probability of mistakenly fail-
LA showed that they worked an average ing to reject a false Ho when a hypothesis
of 53.1 hours/week with a standard devi- test is being conducted at the 5% signifi-
ation of 7.2 hours/week. If the California cance level (at 0.05)?
average is 60 hours/week, does this give A. 0.025
evidence that the LA doctors work signifi-
cantly less than the rest of California? B. 0.05
A. 1 sample t-test C. 0.10
B. 2 sample t-test D. There is insufficient information to an-
swer this question
C. 1 proportion z-test
D. 2 proportion z-test 53. This hypothesis describes what we want
to establish or what we expect is true.
51. The average miles on a tank of gas for
the FordExplorer is 300 miles with a stan- A. Null Hypothesis
dard deviation of 22miles. A consumer B. Alternative Hypothesis
group feels the average is actuallylower.
They survey 40 vehicles and find the av- C. Hypothesis Test
eragemiles per tank is 290 miles. At α = D. Two-Way Table
8.16 Degree of freedom

1. If the value of Degree of Freedom (for a
correctly specified system) equals to zero,
it means that: C. There might be redundant information
A. The material balance can be solved
B. The material balance cannot be solved D. none of above
8.17 t-Distribution

8.17 t-Distribution 349
1. When testing with α = 0.01 you get p = 6. A z distribution would be the same as a
0.12 . Your decision should be t distribution with how many degrees of
freedom?

A. Reject H0 , there is a significant differ-
ence A. 20
B. Fail to reject H0 , there is NOT a signif- B. 30
icant difference C. 100
C. Reject H0 , there is NOT a significant D. infinite
difference
7. In a New York modeling agency, a re-
D. Fail to reject H0 , there is a significant searcher wishes to see if the average
difference height of female models is really less than
67 inches, as the chief claims. A ran-
2. Given a set of data, which of the following
dom sample of 20 models has an average
refers to the independent observations?
height of 65.8 inches. The standard de-
A. Variance viation of the sample is 1.7 inches. At
B. Degrees of freedom α = 0.05, is the average height of the
models really less than 67 inches? List
C. standard error
test, p-value, and decision.
D. standard deviation A. z-test, p = 0.002, Accept H0
3. Find the critical value (t-score) for a 99% B. z-test, p = 7.98E −4 , Reject H0
confidence interval with a sample of 23 C. t-test, p = 0.003, Reject H0
people.
D. t-test, p = 0.005, Reject H0
A. 1.714
8. What is the other term for t-distribution?
B. 1.711
A. Student’s t-distribution
C. 2.064
B. Percentile distribution
D. None of these.
C. Probability distribution
4. What is the right-tailed area if the confi- D. Z-distribution
dence interval is 75%?
9. Find the degree of freedom of n = 28.df
A. 0.05 =?
B. 0.10 A. 25
C. 0.005 B. 26
D. 0.25 C. 27
5. This refers to the maximum number of log- D. 28
ically independent values which varies in 10. Which of the following is the value of
the data sample. t0.05 with a sample size of 10?
A. Level of significance A. 1.812
B. Percentiles B. 1.900
C. Degree of freedom C. 1.860
D. Probability D. 1.833

8.17 t-Distribution 350
11. t-distribution is also known as 16. given df = 30 with 99% confidence find
the t-value
A. Teacher’s t-distribution
A. 2.753
B. Z-distribution
B. 2.752
C. Student’s t-distribution
C. 2.751
D. a. Teacher’s Z-distribution
D. 2.750
12. Sam uses a t-distribution to compute a
NARAYAN CHANGDER
17. Find the degree of freedom of n = 15. df
99% interval. How many trials would =?
need to be in his sample in order to use
the critical value of 2.878? A. 13
B. 14
A. 2.576
C. 15
B. 17
D. 16
C. 18
D. 19 18. A 90% confidence interval for the mean
speed driven by cars on East Main St. is
13. 1. Which of the following is the value of given by (21, 45). What was the EBM of
t0.01 with 11 degrees of freedom? this study?
A. 2.764 A. 12
B. 24
B. 2.681
C. 33
C. 2.821
D. None of these.
D. 2.718
19. The 90% interval for a statistics test has a
14. The t-score that would be used to con- sample mean of 72 and an EBM of 7. What
struct a 99% confidence interval for the is the lower bound for the interval?
mean with a sample of size n=17 would A. 7
be
B. 72
A. 2.921
C. 65
B. 2.583
D. 79
C. 2.567
20. What is the degree of freedom if the sam-
D. 2.898 ple size is 20?
15. These are number of values that are free A. 21
to vary after a sample statistic has been B. 19
computed.
C. 20
A. degrees of feerdom D. 18
B. degrees of fredome
21. This refers to the measure of position with
C. degrees of freedome data divided into 100 parts.
D. degrees of freedom A. Percentiles

8.18 z-distrbution 351
B. Deciles D. t = 1.645
C. Quartiles 26. given n =14 with 99% confidence find the

D. Median t-value
22. t-distribution is a probability distribu- A. 3.010
tion used to estimate parameters EXCEPT B. 3.011
when C. 3.012
A. the population standard deviation is D. 3.013
known
B. the sample size is small 27. Which is not known in a t-distribution?
C. the population variance is unknown A. population mean
D. the sample size is small and population B. population standard deviation
variance is unknown C. sample mean
23. What is the t-score associated with 90% D. sample size
confidence and a sample size of 15?
28. If you wish to test the claim that the mean
A. 1.341 of the population is 100, the appropriate
B. 1.345 alternate hypothesis is
C. 1.761 A. x = 100
D. 1.753 B. µ = 100
C. µ ̸= 100
24. Which of the following is true about the
t-distribution? D. µ > 100
A. Approaches a normal distribution as 29. Why do we use a t-distribution instead of
its degree of freedom increases. a z-distribution(normal curve) for means?
B. Assumes the population is normally A. Its more accurate for smaller sample
distributed. sizes
C. It is more spread out than the normal B. Its more accurate for larger sample
standard distribution. sizes
D. All of these statements are true. C. They are the same
25. For a sample of size 20 taken from a D. None of these.
normally distributed population with stan-
dard deviation equal to 5, a 90% con- 30. What will be the degree of freedom of the
fidence interval for the population mean data whose sample size is 18?
would require the use of A. 17
A. t = 1.328 B. 18
B. t = 1.729 C. 19
C. t = 2.12 D. 20
8.18 z-distrbution

8.18 z-distrbution 352
1. The mean life of a tire is 30, 000 km. B. 67.58 in

The standard deviation is 2000 km. Then, C. 73.12 in
68% of all tires will have a life between
km and km. D. none of above
A. 28, 000 km and 32, 000 km. 6. The average waist size for teenage males
is 29 inches with a standard deviation
B. 24, 000 km and 34, 000 km.
of 2 inches. If waist sizes are normally
C. 26, 000 km and 34, 000 km. distributed, determine the z-score of a
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. 27, 000 km and 31, 000 km. teenage male with a 33 inch waist.
A. 2
2. The shelf life of a particular dairy prod-
uct is normally distributed with a mean B. 1
of 12 days and a standard deviation of 3 C. -2
days.About what percent of the products D. -1
last 8 days or more?
7. The monthly phone bills in a city are nor-
A. 68%
mally distributed with a mean of 30$ and
B. 34% a standard deviation of 12$. Find the x-
C. 9.12% value that correspond to z-scores of 3.17.
D. 90.88% A. $1.80
B. $68.04
3. The mean temperature in Glens Falls for
the month of February is 23 degrees C. $32.76
with a standard deviation of 4.2 degrees. D. none of above
What is the z-score for a temperature of
8. If heights of 3rd graders follow a normal
17 degrees?
distribution with a mean of 52 inches and
A. 1 a standard deviation of 2.5 inches, what
B. 1.43 is the z score of a 3rd grader who is 47
inches tall?
C. -1.43
A. -5
D. 11.5
B. -2
4. Find the cumulative area that corresponds C. 2
to a z-score of 1.25.
D. 5
A. 0.89
9. The mean temperature in Glens Falls for
B. 0.01
the month of February is 23 degrees
C. 0.79 with a standard deviation of 4.2 degrees.
D. 0.12 Approximately what percent of days in
February will have days below 21 de-
5. In a survey of men in the United States grees? Choose the closest answer.
(ages 20-29), the mean height was 69.6
A. 31.7%
inches with a standard deviation of 3.0
inches. Find the minimum height in the top B. 34%
22%. C. 50%
A. 69.37 in D. 68%

8.19 Chi Square 353
10. Using a z-score table. Fernando is 60 A. 46.81%

inches tall. The average height for his age B. 8%
and gender is 68 with a standard deviation

of 10 inches. What percent of his peers C. 78.81%
are shorter than him? D. 21.19%
8.19 Chi Square

1. Which of the following is false? use the same Internet search engines?
A. A chi-squared distribution with k de- 1000 web searches from a computer and
grees of freedom is more right-skewed 1500 web searches from a hand held were
than a chi-square distribution with k+1 tracked to see what search engine was
degrees of freedom. used.
B. A chi-square distribution never takes A. Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test

negative values. B. Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity
C. The degrees of freedom for chi-square C. Not a Chi-square test
test is determined by sample size.
D. none of above
D. The area under a chi-square density
curve is always equal to 1. 5. The shape of the Chi-Square distribution is
2. Which test would you use to see if gen-

A. Left Skewed
der is a factor choosing a person’s favorite
fruit? 900 college students were sur- B. Right Skewed
veyed and their favorite fruit recorded. C. Unimodal & Symmetric
A. Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test D. Bimodal & Symmetric
B. Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity
6. The values of the expected should be
C. Chi-Square Test for Indepen- or more in at least 80% of the cells, and no
dence/Association cell should have an expected of less than
D. Not a Chi-square test one
3. Which test would you use to see if shoe A. 80%, 20%
brand preferences changed between last B. 1, 5
year and this year? 1000 people were ob-
C. 5, 1
served this year and last year to see what
brand of shoe they were wearing. D. 20%, 5
A. Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test 7. What are the hypotheses for the chi-
B. Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity square test for 2-way tables of counts?
C. Chi-Square Test for Indepen- A. H0:no relationship, Ha:relationship
dence/Association B. H0:relationship, Ha:no relationship
D. Not a Chi-square test C. H0:strong relationship, Ha:weak rela-
4. Which test would you use to see if peo- tionship
ple on computers and people on handhelds D. none of above

8.19 Chi Square 354
8. Which Test is Appropriate? A stadium D. Not a Chi-square test

manager is interested in whether the fans
that buy tickets are demographically the 12. Which test would you use to see whether
same as the general population of the city. the fans that buy tickets are demograph-
Currently 42% are Caucasian, 35% are ically the same as the general population
Hispanic, 12% are African American, 8% of the city. Currently 42% are Caucasian,
are Asian, and the rest are defined as 35% are Hispanic, 12% are African Amer-
other. ican, 8% are Asian, and the rest are de-
fined as other.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test
C. Chi-Square Test for Indepen-
dence/Association
dence/Association
D. Not a Chi-square test
9. A chi-square test is used to test whether
13. How do you find degrees of freedom for a
a 0 to 9 spinner is “fair” (that is, the
chi-square goodness of fit test?
outcomes are all equally likely). The spin-
ner is spun 100 times, and the results are A. one less than the sample size
recorded. The expected counts for spin- B. one less than the population
ning a 5 will be C. total number divided 2
A. 5 D. total number times 2
B. 10
14. If a chi-squared number is 5.29 with a df
C. 11.1 of 6, what is the p-value?
D. 20 A. .38
10. Which Test is Appropriate? Is national- B. .49
ity related to favorite drink? 300 people C. .51
were observed.
D. none of above
15. What must be true about the expected val-
ues in a chi square test?
A. greater than or equal to 2
dence/Association
B. greater than or equal to 5
C. greater than or equal to 10
11. Which test would you use to see if the dis- D. greater than or equal to 30
tribution of music that Californians listen
to is the same as that of Nevadans? 900 16. Which test would you use In 1974,
Californians and 600 Nevadans were sur- each acre of the Tahoe basin was assessed
veyed. to see what condition the soil was in.
A. Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test 23% of acres were of type I, 32% were
of type II, 41% were of type III, and 16%
B. Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity were of type IV. This year the region was
C. Chi-Square Test for Indepen- assessed again and the number of each
dence/Association type were again determined.

8.20 Analysis of variance 355
A. Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test B. 9

B. Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity C. 10

C. Chi-Square Test for Indepen- D. 99
dence/Association
20. Which Test is Appropriate? Is Gender a
factor in a person’s favorite fruit? 400
17. Find P(Chi-Square>22) with df = 4 men and 500 women were asked what
their favorite fruit is to see if the distribu-
A. 0.9998
tion of favorite fruit is the same for men
B. 0.0002 and women.
C. 0.0025 A. Chi-square Goodness of Fit Test
D. 0.0000083 B. Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity
18. In a chi square goodness of fit test, you C. Chi-Square Test for Indepen-
must have dence/Association
A. Expected counts for two samples D. Not a Chi-square test
B. Observed proportions for one categor- 21. Which statement is NOT correct about the
ical variable chi-square test statistic?
C. Observed counts for one categorical A. A value close to 0 would indicate ex-
variable pected counts are much different from ob-
D. Observed proportions for two categor- served counts.
ical variables B. A large value of the test statistic would
19. A chi-square test is used to test whether be in support of the alternative hypothesis.
a 0 to 9 spinner is “fair” (that is, the
outcomes are all equally likely). The spin- C. A small value of the test statistic would
ner is spun 100 times, and the results are indicate evidence supporting the null hy-
recorded. The degrees of freedom for the pothesis.
test will be D. The test statistic is the sum of positive
A. 8 numbers and therefore must be positive.
8.20 Analysis of variance

1. As variability due to chance decreases, the A. The means of two or more samples are
value of F will equal
A. Increase B. the means of more than two samples
are equal
B. stay the same
C. the means of two or more populations
C. Decrease are equal
D. can’t tell from the given information D. the means of two samples are equal
2. The ANOVA procedure is a statistical ap- 3. In order to conduct the Scheffe’ test, one
proach for determining whether or not must compare the means two at a time us-

ing all possible combinations of means. C. An interaction can be tested

A. True D. There is no interaction
B. False, this only applies to the Tukey 8. In a one-way ANOVA, how many degrees
test of freedom exist for the F-test? (k repre-
C. False, the Scheffe’ test compares sents the number of groups)
means three at a time using all possible A. (Nk-1) and (N-1)
combinations
B. (k-1) and (N-k)
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. False, the Scheffe’ test does not make
C. (N-1) and (N-k)
comparisons of any kind
D. (k-N) and (N-k)
4. Using your F table, what is the critical
value for a set of sample data that has a 9. Analysis of Variance also called as
df between of 3 and a df within of 10? A. VARIANCE
A. 3.86 B. FISHER
B. 3.71 C. ANOVA
C. 6.61 D. none of above
D. 5.41
10. Which of the following distributions is
5. In two-way ANOVA, a significant interac- used to compare two variances?
tion tells us that A. T-Distribution
A. at least one independent variable is B. F-Distribution
statistically significant. C. Normal Distribution
B. at least two main effects are present D. Poisson Distribution
in the study design.
C. the pattern observed for one indepen- 11. Two-way and more complex ANOVAs are
dent variable differs by the second inde- used only when:
pendent variable. A. there is exactly one independent vari-
D. the effects of each variable in the able in the study design
study design are parallel. B. there are at least three independent
variables in the design.
6. A test that is designed to compare two sep-
arate groups of data. C. We have two independent variables
and two dependent variables in the study
A. One way ANOVA design.
B. Mixed ANOVA D. there is more than one independent
C. Independent samples t-test variable in the study design.
D. Paired samples t-test 12. Which is the correct order of steps for
calculating and interpreting a one-way
7. In a one-way ANOVA, which of the follow- ANOVA?
ing statements is correct?
A. Determine SS, Calculate df, Calculate
A. There are multiple interactions MS, Calculate F, Compare F obtained to F
B. An interaction is present critical

B. Calculate F, determine SSS, Calculate A. all 21 of the comparisons of means

df, Compare F obtained to F critical would be significant using the Scheffe test.

C. Find F and compare
B. at least 7 of the comparisons of means
D. Calculate T, calculate df, compare T ob-
would be significant using the Scheffe test.
tained to T criitical
13. What is the key difference between one- C. at least 4 of the comparisons of means
way ANOVA and a t-test? would be significant using the Scheffe test.
A. You can have more than 2 groups in
ANOVA D. at least 1 of the comparisons of means
would be significant using the Scheffe
B. They are the same test just with differ-
test.
ent calculations
C. T-tests split variance into within and 17. Analysis of variance is a statistical method
between of comparing the of several popula-
tions.
D. ANOVA is about the mean and t-test is
about the variance A. standard deviations
B. Variances
14. ANOVA tests use which of the following
C. Means
distributions?
D. proportions
A. F
B. t 18. A large sample F-ratio (F test statistic) is
likely to lead us to in an ANOVA test.
C. Z
A. reject Ho
D. Chi-square
B. not reject Ho
15. Only the Scheffe’ test can be used after C. reject Ha
the analysis of variance has been com- D. not reject Ha
pleted to make pairwise comparisons be-
tween means when groups have the same 19. ANOVA stands for
sample size. A. Analysis of Variation
A. True B. Analysis of Variance
B. False, only the Tukey test can be used C. Analysis of Variability
C. False, both the Tuley and Scheffe’ test D. A Non-Visual Analysis
can be used
20. If the F value is less than the F critical
D. False, neither the Tukey nor the
value, how do we determine the hypoth-
Scheffe’ test can be used
esis?
16. Assume that the conclusion from an A. Fail to reject the null hypothesis
ANOVA is that the null hypothesis is re- B. Reject the null hypothesis
jected, in other words that the 7 popula-
tion means are not all equal. We should C. The null hypothesis are equal
expect that D. none of above

21. The following are assumptions for ANOVA 25. In a one-way ANOVA, if the computed F
except: value exceeds the critical F value, what de-
cision is made regarding the null hypothe-
A. Variance must be homogenous
sis
B. There should be 4 or more indepen- A. Reject H0 since there is evidence of a
dent groups treatment effect.
C. Data must be normally distributed B. Do not reject H0 because a mistake
D. Randomly selected has been made.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Reject H0 since there is evidence that
22. The number of times each experimental all means differ
condition is observed in a factorial design D. Do not reject H0 since there is no evi-
is known as dence of a difference
A. partition
26. ANOVA was first developed by
B. factor A. Charles Darwin
C. experimental condition B. Karl Pearson
D. replication C. Ronald A. Fisher
D. none of above
23. How many independent and dependent
variables are there in a One-Way Within 27. ANOVA testing is used for
Groups ANOVA? A. Test for one mean
A. 1 independent variable and 1 depen- B. Test for two means
dent variable C. Test for three or more means
B. 2 independent variables and 1 depen- D. Test for independence between two
dent variable variables
C. 1 independent variable and 3 depen- 28. A formal way of predicting no significant
dent variables differences between datasets
D. 1 independent variable and 2 depen- A. Null hypothesis
dent variable
B. Alternative hypothesis
24. Which of the following are NOT assump- C. Two-tailed hypothesis
tions about ANOVA? Select all that apply. D. One-tailed hypothesis
A. The populations from which the sam- 29. An F-test can be used to compare the vari-
ples were obtained must be normally or ances of three or more means.
approximately normally distributed.
A. True
B. The samples must be independent of B. False, it is used to compare variances
one another. of two or more means
C. The variances of the populations must C. False, it is used to compare means of
be equal. two or more variances
D. The groups must be equal in sample D. False, it is used to compare means of
size. three or more variances

30. When conducting a one-way ANOVA, the 35. What is the formula in finding the degree
the between-treatment variability is of freedom within in ANOVA?
when compared to the within-treatment

A. df between = k-1
variability, the the value of FDATA will
tend to be. B. df between = N-k
A. smaller, larger
C. df between = k-N
B. smaller, smaller
D. none of above
C. larger, larger
D. smaller, more random 36. The F-test for comparing means is always
31. ANOVA is used to compare the differences right tailed.
in for more than 2 populations A. True
A. variances
B. False, it is always left tailed
B. means
C. False, it is always two tailed
C. regression
D. none of above D. False, it can be let tailed, right tailed,
or two tailed
32. What does ANOVA stands for?
A. Analysis of value 37. Which one is not true about the sampling
distribution of F-ratio
B. Analysis of variance
C. Assessment of variability A. There are two df values for each F-test.
D. Assessment of vulnerability
B. df1 is for the variance in the numera-
33. How many independent and depen-
tor.
dent variables are there in a One-Way
ANOVA? C. df2 is for the variance in the denomi-
A. 1 independent variable and 1 depen- nator.
dent variable D. F-ratio is always negative.
B. 2 independent variables and 1 depen-
dent variable 38. An ANOVA procedure is applied to data ob-
C. 1 independent variable and 3 depen- tained from (k=5) samples with each con-
dent variables taing (n=10) observations. The degrees of
freedom for the critical value of F are
D. 1 independent variable and 2 depen-
dent variable A. 5 numerator and 45 denominator de-
grees of freedom
34. The sum of squares measures the vari-
ability of the observed values around their B. 4 numerator and 45 denominator de-
respective treatment means. grees of freedom
A. Treatment C. 4 numerator and 5 denominator de-
B. Error grees of freedom
C. Interaction D. 4 numerator and 9 denominator de-
D. total grees of freedom

8.21 One way ANOVA 360
39. The one-way ANOVA is used to test sta- D. Descriptive statistics

tistical hypotheses concerning which of the
following? 43. The between group variance and the
within group variance are often referred
A. Means
to as
B. Proportions
A. ANOVA
C. Variances
B. mean squares
D. Standard deviations
C. main effects
NARAYAN CHANGDER
40. Which of the following statistical concepts D. interaction effects
is used to test differences in the means for
more than two independent populations? 44. If there is no difference in the means, the
A. Multiple t tests variance will be approximately equal
to the within-group variance.
B. Analysis of variance
A. within group
C. Confidence Interval
B. between group
D. Regression Analysis
C. within and between group
41. How many levels must there be in one in-
D. standard
dependent variable for an ANOVA to be
used? 45. In the ANOVA, treatment refers to
A. 3 A. experimental units
B. 2 B. a factor
C. 1 C. applying a treatment/medicine
D. 4
D. different categorical levels
42. What would you use to determine whether
46. What is the formula in finding the degree
significant differences were observed be-
of freedom between in ANOVA?
tween all levels of your independent vari-
able? A. df between = k-1
A. Box-plots B. df between = N-k
B. F statistic C. df between = k-N
C. Post-hoc tests D. none of above
8.21 One way ANOVA

1. In principle, the reflects the aggregate D. degree of freedom
difference of each individual data record in
a specific sample with the specific’s sample 2. In one-way ANOVA with 4 groups and
mean value. total sample size of 44, the computed F
A. within-group variation statistic is 2.33. In this case, the p-value
B. among-group variation is
C. Fstat test A. exactly .05

8.21 One way ANOVA 361
B. smaller than .05 5. The null hypothesis stating that all pop-
C. greater than .05 ulations means are equal is most likely
to be NOT REJECTED when the “within

D. cannot tell-it depends on what the SSE group variation” of the samples is the
is “among group variation” of the samples.
3. In principle, the reflects the aggregate A. equals to
difference of each specific’s sample mean B. larger than
value with the grand mean value.
C. smaller than
A. within-group variation
D. uncorrelated with
B. among-group variation
C. Fstat test 6. The latest version of the playlist consists
of videos.
D. degree of freedom
A. 2
4. Which of the following is not the assump-
B. 3
tion of one-way ANOVA?
C. 4
A. The observations are obtained inde-
pendently and randomly from the popula- D. 5
tion
7. In the video given to you, the problem set
B. The dependent variable is normally dis- sets you as the marketing manager of
tributed company.
C. The independent variables are nor- A. stationary
mally distributed
B. computer
D. Variances are homogeneous for the
dependent variable across each group in C. books
the population D. degree of freedom

9. Interpretation and Report Writing
NARAYAN CHANGDER
9.1 Significance of report writing
1. What should be included in the title page C. Body
of the report? D. Bibliography
A. Title, author’s name, class, date
5. What is a good way to describe the exec-
B. Title, report, bibliography utive summary?
C. Title, side headings, date A. It’s a way of organizing report informa-
D. Title, references, reports tion.
B. It’s an example of an evaluation study.
2. Who writes reports?
A. Business managers
C. It’s a shorter version of the report.
B. Company owners D. It’s a visually interesting way to
C. Department supervisors present report findings.
D. All of the above 6. If you wanted to find out why sales are
3. What is a caption? down at your company, what type of re-
port would you write?
A. the name of a visual element
A. an informative report
B. a short description of a visual element
B. a problem solving report
C. an evaluation study
C. an analysis of research findings
D. a proposal
D. a way of presenting information visu-
ally 7. What is the most suitable verb to complete
the sentence below?A conclusion should
4. What is the topic of the entire report the findings already presented in the
A. Title report.
B. Side heading A. repeat

9.1 Significance of report writing 363
B. illustrate 12. What is the meaning of the underlined

C. explain verb in the sentence below?A conclusion
analyzes the findings presented in the

D. not include main body of the report.
8. Which section does NOT belong in the end- A. examines very carefully
ing of a report?
B. shows in a diagram or chart
A. research methods
C. lists in order of importance
B. summary
D. presents for the first time
C. conclusions section
D. recommendations section 13. What does a good title do?
9. What do report subtopics do? A. shows how the report is organized
A. They explain why the report is neces- B. explains the findings of the report
sary. C. captures the purpose of the report
B. They give the writer’s opinion about
D. shows which sections of the report are
the report topic.
the most important
C. They are the specific areas that the re-
port will investigate 14. What is NOT a good purpose for slide vi-
D. They explain who should write the re- suals?
port. A. to help the audience understand your
point
10. Executive summary “should be self-
explanatory.” What does this mean? B. to make your slides more interesting
A. The reader should not need to read the C. to give the same information as your
other report sections to understand the speech
executive summary.
D. to help the audience focus on your
B. The executive summary should per- speech
suade the reader to agree with the report
findings. 15. What does orderly mean?
C. The executive summary should be easy A. persuasive
to read.
B. carefully prepared
D. The reader should not need to read the
executive summary. C. fact-based
11. What should I write for my discussion? D. objective
A. discuss results and findings of your 16. What would NOT be included in an execu-
topic tive summary?
B. describe the significance of these find- A. the report title
ings
B. the report findings
C. identify limitations and weakness of
your report C. the report topic
D. all above are correct D. the report recommendations

17. You’re writing a report about your com- 22. What is the font size for most MLA docu-
pany’s profits for the year What pattern ments?
of organization should you use?
A. 8
A. a time-based pattern
B. 10
B. a place-based pattern
C. 12
C. a quantity-based pattern
D. 14
D. a factor-based pattern
NARAYAN CHANGDER
18. You’re writing a report about improve- 23. If you want to use a direct approach for
ments you want to make in your office your report, what would you start with?
building. What pattern of organization A. the topic of the report
should you use?
B. the origin of the report
B. a place-based pattern C. the recommendations of the report
C. a quantity-based pattern D. the purpose of the report

D. a factor-based pattern 24. How can we choose a topic for a report?
19. Which is NOT an example of a visual ele- A. Avoid too broad or trivial topics.
ment?
B. Away from the controversial topics
A. a graph
C. Narrow down your report topic
B. a chart
C. an image D. all above are correct
D. a paragraph 25. Which statement is correct about the end-

ing summary?
20. What does it mean to contextualize infor-
mation? A. it focuses on the major findings of the
A. It means to analyze the information. report
B. It means to give the information a title B. it has more detailed information than
and a caption. the executive summary
C. It means to show the information in a C. it reviews all the sections of the re-
visual way. search report
D. It means to give the information more D. it contains the same information as the
details. executive summary
21. You’re writing report about which city to
26. What is the most important thing about a
open a new store in. What pattern of or-
presentation?
ganization should you choose?
A. the animations you use
B. a place-based pattern B. the quality of your slides
C. a quantity-based pattern C. the information you are explaining
D. a factor-based pattern D. the presentation software you choose

27. What is a useful presentation tip? B. a report ending does not have to in-
A. Use Prezi instead of PowerPoint. clude recommendations

B. Don’t put too much information on a C. recommendations should only appear
slide. in the conclusions section
C. Always keep your presentations D. recommendations always appear after

shorter than 5 minutes. the conclusions section
D. Make sure you use a lot of animations. 32. What does a report outline show?
A. the purpose of your report
28. What is the report body?
B. the findings of your report
A. It is the section where you present
your research findings. C. the title of your report
B. It is the section where you summarize D. the order of your report sections
the entire report.
33. The introduction is to answer the basic
C. It is the section where you give your questions
recommendations.
A. What is the topic of research?
D. It is the section where you make your
B. What is the research problem?
conclusion.
C. How will I solve the problem?
29. Why is the executive summary so impor-
D. All above are correct.
tant?
A. It shows the writer’s skill at gathering 34. What is NOT one of the five Ws?
and analyzing information. A. Who
B. It helps give the reader a positive feel- B. What
ing about the report.
C. Where
C. It shows the findings of the report in a
D. With
persuasive way.
D. It may be the only part of the report 35. When should you look at your slides dur-
that many business people will read. ing your presentation?
A. You should never look at them.
30. What is a presentation theme?
B. When you can’t remember what to say.
A. It is the visual style of your slides.
B. It is the presentation topic. C. When you want your audience to look
C. It is the purpose of your presentation. at them.
D. You should look at them every 5 or 10
D. It is a presentation program, like Pow- seconds.
erPoint or Prezi.
36. What word does NOT describe a report?
31. Which statement is true about including A. objective
recommendations in the ending of a re-
port? B. factual
A. a report must always include recom- C. orderly

mendations D. persuasive

9.2 Scientific Report Writing 366
9.2 Scientific Report Writing

1. The section of the report that explains ex- B. change
isting scientific understandings that relate
C. keep the same
to your investigation.
D. all answers are correct
A. Results
B. Rationale 6. You did an experiment in which you added
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Safety 20 mL of water to a test tube. How would
you describe this in your lab report?
D. Background Theory
A. I added 20 mL of water to a test tube.
2. Which of the following examples do you
think best illustrates the concise language B. 20 mL of water is added to a test tube.
you should use in a lab report?
A. The plants exposed to full sunlight C. 20 mL of water was added to a test
showed amazing amounts of growth after tube.
a couple weeks. D. Add 20 mL of water to a test tube.
B. The entire lab group laughed when the
water spilled out of the test tube. 7. the controlled variables are the variables
you:
C. The plants exposed to full sunlight
grew an average of 3 cm in 14 days, while A. change
the plants left indoors grew only 0.5 cm on B. measure
average.
C. keep the same
D. The plants grew.
3. Along with a data table, your results
should also include: 8. What’s Ms Tenedora’s favourite Pixar
A. random numbers movie?
B. a team photo A. Coco
C. a line graph of averages B. Finding Nemo
D. a paragraph explaining the scientific C. Monsters Inc
theory
D. Finding Dory
4. a graph uses:
9. the materials/equipment list of an experi-
A. x’s to plot points ment:
B. o’s to plot points
A. is in numbered format
C. -’s to plot points
B. is in dot point format, along with spe-
D. .’s to plot points cific quantities needed
5. the dependent variable is the variable C. always includes materials needed for
you: safety precautions
A. measure D. is in full sentence format

10. This variable in an experiment is the one 14. Imagine you did an experiment in which
being deliberately changed by the scien- you taught tricks to a group of dogs.
tist. Which of the following is the best exam-

A. dependent variable ple of a title for a graph in your lab report
based on this experiment?
A. Average number of tricks performed
C. data by dogs after 3 weeks of training
D. control group
B. Figure 1. Number of tricks
11. Below you will see the 6 steps of the sci- C. Figure 1. Average number of tricks
entific method. Choose the answer that is performed by dogs after 3 weeks of train-
in the correct order. ing
A. Ask a Question, Make an Observation, D. Table 1. Average number of tricks per-
Conduct an Experiment, Make a Hypothe- formed by dogs after 3 weeks of training
sis, Analyze Results, Make Conclusions
B. Make an Observation, Ask a Question, 15. When making an observation, you must
Conduct an Experiment, Make a Hypoth- use
esis, Analyze the Results, Make Conclu- A. Only Sight
sions
B. Smell & Touch
C. Ask a Question, Make a Hypothesis,
Make an Observation, Conduct an Experi- C. ALL 5 Senses
ment, Make Conclusions, Analyze Results D. Only Taste
D. Make an Observation, Ask a Question, 16. to increase the accuracy of an experiment,

Create a Hypothesis, Conduct an Experi- you:
ment, Analyze the Results, Make Conclu- A. ensure all measurements are accurate
sions
12. In which lab report section do you write B. repeat the experiment multiple times
about the tools or equipment that you used to gather similar results
to answer the research question? C. ensure all variables are controlled ex-
A. The Results cept for 1
B. The Conclusion D. none of above
C. The Procedure
17. to increase the reliability of an experiment,
D. The Hypothesis you:
13. The name given to a question that queries A. ensure that all measurements are ac-
a relationship between independent and curate
dependent variables.
B. ensure that all variables are controlled
A. Rationale except for 1
B. Inquiry Question C. repeat the experiment multiple times
C. Research Question to gather a similar result
D. Multiple Choice Question D. none of above

18. Which of the following could be found in 23. An experiment is performed on plants
the results section of a lab report? to see how different liquids affect plant
A. A graph growth. Each plant in the experiment is
given a different liquid; water, apple juice,
B. A Data Table or milk. Each plant has the same amount
C. Calculations of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same
music. In this investigation, what are the
D. All of the above are possible
controlled variables?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
19. Which of the following statements are A. Type of plant, amount of music, and
TRUE? sunlight
A. Your hypothesis should always be cor- B. Water, apple juice, milk
rect
C. Plant growth
B. You did the experiment wrong if your
D. none of above
hypothesis is not correct
C. Your hypothesis does not always have 24. the independent variable is the variable
to be correct that you:
D. If your hypothesis is correct that A. measure
means you did the experiment better than B. change
the people whose hypothesis was wrong
C. keep the same
20. the method section of a scientific report:
A. includes numbered steps
25. The independent variable is what you
B. never written in first person
during an experiment.
C. must be detailed and repeatable by an-
A. change
other scientist
B. do not change
C. measure
21. What section of the report includes a sen-
tence summarising the purpose of the in- D. count
vestigation, a results summary and a link 26. Which step of the scientific method is a
back to the research question? summary of the results of the experi-
A. Title ment?
B. Background Theory A. Conducting the Experiment
C. Conclusion B. Analyzing the Results
D. Rationale C. Making Conclusions
22. Who sung the song “Havana?” D. None of the above
A. Nicki Minaj 27. Imagine that you’re writing a paper for

B. Camilla Cabello a lab in which you isolated the caffeine
from a cup of coffee. Select the sentence
C. Taylor Swift that you would write in the Materials and
D. Ariana Grande. Methods section of a lab report.

A. Coffee is a beverage enjoyed by mil- 32. The purpose of the rationale is to

lions of people around the world every day.
A. Explain the background scientific the-

ory behind the experiment.
B. The second attempt resulted in the ex-
B. Communicate the purpose or reasons
traction of 73 mg of caffeine.
behind your experiment.
C. 200 mL coffee heated to 90◦ C.
C. Describe the step-by-step instructions
D. 200 mL of coffee was placed in a flask of the investigation.
and heated to 90◦ C.
D. Communicate your results.
28. Which NRL team does she go for?
33. In which step of the scientific method do
A. West Tigers scientists TEST to see if their hypothesis
B. Sydney Roosters was right?
C. Canterbury Bulldogs A. Making an Observation
D. Brisbane Broncos B. Making a Hypothesis
29. Observations made during an experiment C. Conducting an Experiment

are called: D. Drawing Conclusions
A. data
34. Which of the following is a good example
B. problems of a sentence you would find in the Discus-
C. conclusions sion section of a lab report?
D. questions A. Ten dogs with no previous training
were selected for the study.
30. the hypothesis of an experiment:
B. Unlike in previous studies on dog train-
A. is in the format “If then being, most of the dogs in this study retained
cause “ the ability to perform tricks for up to six
B. is a prediction of what you think will weeks after the initial training sessions.
happen C. Seven of the ten dogs learned how to
C. links the independent variable to the “sit” after three training sessions.
dependent variable D. It was hypothesized that the dogs
D. all answers are correct would be able to retain all of the training
commands for six weeks after the initial
31. to increase the validity of an experiment, training sessions.
you:
A. ensure all variables are controlled ex- 35. Imagine you did an experiment in which
cept for 1 you grew five different groups of rose
bushes, and each group received a differ-
B. repeat the experiment multiple times ent amount of fertilizer. Which of the fol-
to gather a similar result lowing would be the best title for this lab
C. ensure all measurements are accurate report?
A. The effect of fertilizer on the growth of
D. none of above rose bushes.

9.3 Different steps in writing a report 370
B. Rose bushes with large amount of fer- C. Rationale

tilizer grow better than rose bushes with D. Research Question
small amount of fertilizer.
C. Plants and fertilizer. 39. the results section of a scientific report in-
cludes:
D. Rose bushes versus fertilizer.
A. a discussion of what happened in the
36. Which step of the scientific method does experiment
not have its own section in a lab report?
B. a conclusion of what happened experi-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. Observation ment
B. Ask a Question C. raw data from the experiment
C. Analyze the Results (graph/table)
D. Conclusions D. full sentence answers
37. the aim of the experiment: 40. Which step of the scientific method in-
A. is in the format “if then be- volves using your 5 senses?
cause” A. Making an Observation
B. starts with “To “ B. Creating a Hypothesis
C. always uses personal pronouns C. Drawing Conclusions
D. is a prediction of what you think will D. Analyzing Data
happen
41. During this step of the scientific method,
38. The part of a scientific report that analy- a scientist would gather background infor-
ses the data, identifies trends, looks for mation.
strengths and weaknesses, identifies im-
A. Hypothesis
provements and makes predictions about
real-life applications. B. Research
A. Discussion C. Observation
B. Conclusion D. Experiment
9.3 Different steps in writing a report

1. It is important to do what while taking B. nowhere in the final report
notes, so you don’t copy? C. at the end of the report
A. paraphrase (use your own words) D. right after the table of contents
B. write every other word in the book
3. Why should you be researching and writ-
C. trace pictures ing your rough draft simultaneously?
D. sing the information A. Speeds things up to do two things at
once
2. The bibliography of a research report be-
B. Research guides your writing and writ-
longs where?
ing shows what you may still need to re-
A. right after the front cover search

C. Multitasking is always a bad idea 8. Your research paper should be about?

D. Cleaning up grammar mistakes as you A. Something that interests you

go makes editing easier
B. Something that interests your teacher
4. Why are revising and editing two different
things that must be done at two different C. Whatever the teacher told you to write
time? about
A. Revising is fixing grammar and editing D. Something everybody finds interesting
is making sure the paper makes sense
B. Revising is checking for cohesion and 9. How should a bibliography be organized?
editing is fixing grammar mistakes A. most important to least important
C. They are the same thing and can be B. in the order in which you read
done at the same time
C. least important to most important
D. Nobody has time to do them at the
same time D. alphabetically
5. It is considered as the “soul” of the re- 10. Why is the thesis statement important to
search paper a research paper?
A. Introduction A. It isn’t
B. Results B. It will save you writing time and guide
C. Conclusion your research making your paper better
D. Discussion C. It is the first thing people will read
D. It explains everything
6. How long should your thesis statement
be? 11. Why is outlining important for a research
A. A whole paragraph paper
B. One sentence A. I have to turn it in for a grade
C. Two sentences B. Research papers are too long to do
D. One is generally best, but the impor- without one
tant thing is to have a clear thesis, so it C. Gives you a guide to follow and ex-
takes however many sentences that takes poses where you may need to do more re-
search
7. What rule is best when choosing your re-
search topic? D. Outlines are just busy work
A. Choose something that everyone has 12. When should you use the present tense in
written about that way you know there will writing the research paper?
be information
A. when you refer directly to a table or
B. Choose a topic that is broad so you
figure in your own paper
won’t run out of things to talk about
B. when reporting the results of your own
C. Most of your ideas are bad ones so just
work
go with the first one
D. Choose a narrow topic that you can ex- C. when you refer to the author directly
plore in detail and may be original to you D. none of above

13. What are the 5Cs? C. bibliography

A. ClarityConcisenessConcretenessCo- D. all of the above
herenceContext
18. The following are presented in the Intro-
B. ClarityConcisenessCompletenessCo- duction of the research, EXCEPT
herenceContext
A. background of the study
C. CohesivenessConcisenessConcrete- B. definition of terms
nessCoherenceContext
C. statement of the problem
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. CohesivenessConcisenessConcrete-
nessCompletenessCreativeness D. limitations of the study
19. Who was the resource speaker for Writing
14. When doing a research report, you should
the Research Paper?
only collect information from:
A. Ms. Patricia L. Carmona
A. textbooks
B. Ms. Ma. Pilar P. Carmona
B. Internet
C. Ms. Ma. Pilita P. Cruz
C. a variety of reliable sources
D. Ms. Maria Patricia P. Castro
D. your parent(s)
20. When taking notes on your topic, the best
15. Which of the following statements is way to find specific information in a book
FALSE? is to:
A. Materials and Methods include the sig- A. look at the cover of the book
nificant steps such as gathering of materi-
B. look at the index and/or table of con-
als, preparing of set-ups, tests and exper-
tents
imentations, data analysis.
C. look at the title page
B. Results include all data gathered from
the experiments which can be presented D. look at the copyright page
through tables, graphs, figures, etc. 21. What is the goal of the introductory para-
C. Introduction is the soul of the research graph in a research paper?
paper. A. Identify the points the rest of the pa-
D. Conclusion summarizes the results of per will cover
the research paper. B. Ask a question that the paper will an-
swer
16. To have a good final paper, you must do
what with your rough drafts? C. Summarize everything the paper was
about
A. proofread and edit
D. Tell what you knew before you did re-
B. color the edges of the paper search
C. use expensive, high quality paper
22. What part of the research paper integrates
D. have a flashy cover the related literature?
17. The final product of a research project A. Introduction
should include: B. Conclusion
A. title page C. Discussion
B. type-written work D. Results

9.4 Layout of a Research report 373
23. What is the main goal of the thesis state- A. take notesdo researchchoose a topi-
ment? corganize notes
A. Reveal what position you are taking

B. choose a topicdo researchtake note-
and how you will evaluate the topic sorganize notes
B. Help you remember what you are writ- C. organize noteschoose a topictake
ing about and stay on topic notesdo research
C. Give you something to revise and edit D. take notesdo researchorganize
as you write noteschoose a topic
D. There is no goal. It’s just something
you have to do 26. After note taking and just before compos-
ing (writing) the rough draft, you should:
24. Once you’ve taken lots of notes, how do
A. organize your notes
you organize them all?
B. take more notes
A. in alphabetical order
B. things that are interesting come first, C. type your report
and the less interesting information is D. edit
written last
27. The “M” in the acronym IMRADc stands
C. things that are alike should be grouped for
together
A. materials and procedures
D. in the same order that you took the
notes B. mind and matter
25. Put some of the steps of a research project C. materials and methods
in order. D. methods and discussions
9.4 Layout of a Research report

1. It is a concise description of the problem or A. Teacher-Researcher-Experimenter-
issues a research seeks to address. Evaluator
A. Introduction B. Teacher-Researcher-Educator-
Evaluator
C. Teacher-Researcher-Evaluator-
C. Methodology Educator
D. Abstract D. none of above
2. What does PDQ stand for? 4. Where can you find the list of references
in a research report?
A. Preferences Data Questionnaire
A. at the beginning
B. Political Science Quarterly
B. at the end
C. Parts Delivered Quickly
C. in the methodology
D. none of above D. in the introduction
3. What does TREE stand for? 5. What is “beads-on-a-string” review?

A. A review about beads on a string D. A reference is a short citation consist-

B. A literature review where we list one ing of the basic descriptors
thing after another and so on 11. How many sections should be there in a
C. A literature review based on other re- basic outline?
search paper A. 7
D. A literature review where we describe B. 3
things in a creative way
C. 2
NARAYAN CHANGDER
6. What is the significance of this proyect? D. 5
A. Methods
12. What should be included in the results?
B. Discussion
A. goal achievement
C. Results
B. literature review
D. Introduction
C. overview
7. What should be included in the method?
D. references
A. method scope
13. What comes after the Abstract section?
B. arguments
A. Title
C. importance
B. Results
D. references
C. Participants
8. What does RQ stand for?
D. Method
A. Reader’s Quote
14. It deals with the description of the re-
B. Research Question
search subject, methods and tools of the
C. Reader’s Question study, and analysis that was used to sum-
D. Research Quote marize the final results of the research.
A. Methodology
9. What should be included in the introduc-
tion? B. Background of the Study
A. method C. Statement of the Problem
B. arguments D. Abstract
C. importance 15. What did the author(s) do to answer the
D. references research question?
10. Choose the wrong answer. A. Methods
A. Abstracts force us to synthesize what B. Results

our research is about C. Discussion
B. It is doubtful if nothing has been re- D. Introduction
searched, written, and published on par-
ticular topic 16. The “I” in IMRAD stands for
C. The word “Introduction” is used be- A. Introduction

fore it begins B. Information

C. Indication 22. These are the added suggestions that the

researcher wants people to follow when
D. Importance
performing future studies.

17. When should we make an outline? A. Conclusions
A. before writing B. Recommendations
B. after writing C. Statement of the Problem
C. during writing D. Abstract
D. all options are correct 23. Which is not included in the appendix of a
research report?
18. For what reason readers mostly dis- A. interview manuscripts
like “beads-on-a-string” literature review
B. copy of survey questionnaire
style?
C. the sampling strategy used
A. Because it’s boring and repetitive
D. instrument used for data collection
B. Because it’s too long
24. An outline can help you to do the follow-
C. Because it’s too short
ings, except
D. Because it lacks precise details A. withdraw conclusions
19. Which of the following is not discussed in B. understand information flow
the methodology? C. include everything important
A. setting of the research D. structure manuscript
B. sampling strategy used 25. What is the context of the project?What
C. instruments used for data collections is the research question?
A. Results
D. the key findings
B. Methods
20. In the introduction of a research report, C. Introduction
the researcher can do the following except
D. Discussion
A. explain the research design 26. The APA Publication Manual recommends
titles to be ?
B. describe the purpose of the research
A. As long as TREE wants
C. give an overview of the research
B. 14-16 words long
D. cite relevant relevant research of the
C. 12-14 words long
topic
D. 10-12 words long
21. Conclusion is usually integrated with ..
27. What does APA stand for ?
A. introduction A. American Phonetical Association
B. method B. American Pedagogical Association
C. references C. American Psychological Association
D. discussion D. None of above

9.5 Literature review 376
28. What should be included in the discus- 31. What does SEM stand for?
sion? A. Subsidiary Error of Measurement
A. results significance
B. Standard Estimation of Measurement
B. results overview
C. Standard Error of Measurement
C. results calculation
D. none of above
D. results application
32. How can you easily describe the purpose
29. What should not be included in the conclu-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
and RQ’s function visually?
sion?
A. Using teeter-totter (seesaw)
A. literature review
B. Using carousel
B. summary
C. Using Ferris wheel
C. implication
D. major findings D. none of above
30. What was the answer to the question? 33. The first step in creating an outline is
A. Introduction A. make a list of the sections
B. Results B. write down main points
C. Discussion C. make a conclusion
D. Methods D. make a list of references
9.5 Literature review

1. Which of the following is not true about 3. Which is most probably not a suitable
index of a book? source to use in an academic literature re-
A. Index is organised alphabetically. view?
B. Page number is provided in the index A. Book

list. B. Reference book
C. It is provided at the beginning of a C. Journal article
book.
D. Online article
D. It is helpful to use index of a book
when looking for books to review. 4. What is the critical analysis of the relation-
ship amongdifferent works?
2. This helps to determine whether the topic
A. abstract
is worth studying, and it provides insight
into ways in which the researcher can limit B. introduction
the scope to a needed area of inquiry. C. literature review
A. abstract D. method
B. methodology
5. The review of related literature prevents
C. results researchers to reiterate the discussions
D. literature review that had already been made by previous

researchers. Which of the following roles A. Literature review should focus on a

of RRL does this refer to? broader topic.

A. The RRL points out authoritative evi- B. Literature review is just the summary
dences supportive of the study. of current research.
B. The RRL states the stand of the re- C. Literature review is a summary of your
searcher on conflicting views relative to ow research.
the study. D. Literature review is an examination
C. The RRL leads to definitions of prob- of the literature and it enables the re-
lems, selection of methods, and interpre- searcher to know what has been learned.
tation of findings.
10. Which of the following approaches to read-
D. The RRL helps us conceptualize and ing do you think is not useful in literature
justify the research because an extensive review?
review can assure no duplication.
A. Memorizing
6. Which of the following is NOT plagiarism? B. Evaluating
A. Translating a source and using it with- C. Comparing
out mentioning the source D. Arguing
B. Using an image found on the Internet
without mentioning the source 11. Where do you start when conducting liter-
ature review?
C. Using common knowledge with out
mentioning the source A. Scanning the source
B. Skimming the source
D. Summarizing someone’s work without
mentioning the source C. Analysing the information
D. Critiquing the information
7. Is this a good academic research topic?
“What is the role of advertising in the 12. Which of the following is not plagiarism?
world?”
A. Translating a source and using it with-
A. No. It is too broad. out mentioning the source
B. No It is too narrow B. Using an image found on the Internet
C. Yes. It is a good research topic. without mentioning the source
D. No. It is leading. C. Using common knowledge with out

mentioning the source
8. It refers to the traits, attributes, or even D. Summarising someone’s work without
symbols which measurements vary among mentioning the source
the subjects or objects of study.
13. Which type of research variables can
A. Research Problems
be manipulated or controlled by the re-
B. Research Questions searchers?
C. Research Variables A. Independent Variable
D. Research Sources B. Constant Variable
9. Which statements are TRUE about litera- C. Dependent Variable
ture review? D. None of the above

14. The abstract B. The RRL reports contribution of others

A. is a brief summary of a research arti- to the study.
cle. C. The RRL states the stand of the re-
B. cannot be cited. searcher on conflicting views relative to
the study.
C. is written before an article is written.
D. The RRL provides sources of signifi-
D. is not useful when reviewing litera-
cant problems.
ture.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
15. Characteristics of a Good Literature Re- 19. What should you do with the literature re-
view are view?
A. simply summarizes sources A. Keep bibliographic for every source

B. only citing references that agree with B. Try to read everything
your argument. C. Reading but not writing
C. define the need for your research D. Failing to keep complete bibliographic
problem
D. none of the above 20. Which of the following sentences in not
true about the purpose of doing literature
16. If you believe you will use the information review?
from a source, what should you do? A. to learn about the existing information
A. Make note of the information I think I about a given topic
will use.
B. to better formulate the research ques-
B. Add the information about the book to tion
my reference list.
C. to critically analyse the concept being
C. Write my comments about the informa- studied
tion next to my notes.
D. to provide a summary of what has been
D. All of the above written about a given topic
17. The review of related literature includes
21. Abstract
which of the following type of research
sources? A. is a brief summary of a research arti-
cle.
A. Primary Sources
B. cannot be cited.
B. Secondary Sources
C. Online Sources C. is written before an article is written.
D. All of the above D. is not useful when reviewing litera-

ture.
18. The review of related literature allows
us to identify the questions that are still 22. Which of the following is NOT a way to
needed to be answered regarding a re- organize the literature review?
search topic. Which of the following roles A. Chronological
of RRL does this refer to?
B. Thematic
A. The RRL leads to definitions of prob-
lems, selection of methods, and interpre- C. Methodological
tation of findings. D. Enigmatic

9.6 writing a research paper 379
23. When starting literature review what is 24. The research question
the first step? A. had better be general.

A. Identifying the research question B. cannot be modified during literature
review.
B. Finding articles
C. is not necessary when you begin the
C. Planning the study research.
D. Finding websites D. will guide the literature search.
9.6 writing a research paper

1. Which sentence uses sensory details to 4. Which of these passages is an example of
help readers visualize an event? cohesive writing?
A. Our first chicken was a scruffy little A. Arrowheads and other projectiles, or
ball of fluff that peeped non-stop all the sharpened objects, have been around for
way home from the feed store. thousands of years. If you want to learn
how to make an arrowhead, just find a
B. We got our first chicken at a local feed
group of flintknappers who live near you
store and carried it home in a shoebox.
C. Baby chicks are usually pretty noisy,
B. Arrowheads and other projectiles, or
especially until they get settled in with you.
sharpened objects, have been around for
thousands of years. Axes made of sharp-
D. It was hard to believe that the tiny ened stones were among the first tools
chick would one day give us an egg almost created by humans to make their lives eas-
every day. ier.
2. What differentiates the research proposal C. Arrowheads and other projectiles, or

from research Reports? sharpened objects, have been around for
thousands of years. I found an arrowhead
A. is generated at the same time on a hike with my dad one time.
B. is generated before a study begins D. none of above
C. is prepared after a study has been
completed 5. communicates a researcher’s plan for a
study.refers to..
D. all of the above
A. A research
3. If the audience for your research report is B. A research proposal
a group of second graders, how would you
need to write your report? C. A proposal
A. using lots of specialized vocabulary D. A research report
B. using shorter sentences and simpler 6. communicates what was actually done in
words a study and what resultedrefers to..
C. using scientific language A. A proposal
D. using only pictures B. A research proposal

C. A research D. First, you have to find the right kind

D. A research report of rock for your hard hammer. Then, you
have to learn how to strike the flint cor-
7. Which of the following options does not rectly.
belong to the procedures section?
11. What does a rough draft have that an out-
A. Data analysis line does not?
B. The sample A. main ideas
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Instrumentation B. complete sentences
D. The research question C. organization
D. supporting ideas
8. What is cohesive writing?
12. What differentiates the research report
A. writing that provides convincing proof
from the research proposal?
for the writer’s ideas claims
A. is prepared after a study has been
B. writing that uses many specialized vo-
completed
cabulary words related to the topic
B. there is one that is generated first
C. writing in which ideas and sentences
seem to belong together C. is generated before a study begins
D. none of above D. all of the above

13. Which example uses transitional tags to
9. All key terms should be defined. In a
show cause and effect?
hypothesis-testing study, these are pri-
marily the terms that describe the vari- A. Once World War II ended, baseball
ables of the study.Which section does the games became even more popular.
previous paragraph refer to? B. Because people wanted to focus on
A. Justification fun and forget their sadness, baseball be-
came more popular after World War II.
B. Purpose
C. First, the war was over. Then, people
C. Procedures wanted to forget about the horrors of war.
D. Definitions
D. The war was a horrible experience for
10. Which example uses transitional tags to many Americans, but baseball was some-
show chronological order? thing made people happy.
A. In other words, you should never
14. If your report is supposed to convince your
try flint knapping without wearing safety
school’s principal to change a school rule,
glasses.
what should include in your draft?
B. Unless you are prepared to have sore
A. reasons why you don’t like the rule
fingers, wear some gloves the first time
you try flint knapping. B. names of friends of yours who also
don’t like the rule
C. Don’t strike straight down on the rock.
Instead, try hitting the rock with a glanc- C. examples of how the rule harms stu-
ing blow so that you “push” the hammer dents
away from you. D. what your parents have said the rule

15. What is the purpose of transitional tags? wrote the report

A. to slow readers down and make them C. to define unusual words

read carefully D. to show readers how sentences and
B. to remind readers that a real person ideas are related

10. Reporting and thesis writing
NARAYAN CHANGDER
10.1 Determining Experimental and Sample Designs.
1. Sage wants to know which recreational A. Cluster
activity is most popular in Heard County. B. Systematic
Which survey question is the least biased
prompt for collecting this data? C. Stratified
A. Are you one of those country boys who D. Simple
hunts all the time?
4. What type of sampling is this? A journalist
B. Do you play those violent video games? interviews all 123 people after they leave
a restaurant and asks them how confident
C. How do you like to spend your free they are that the food is safe.
time? A. Random sample
D. Do you sit at home and read books all
B. Convenience sample
the time?
C. Stratified Random sample
2. A placebo is
D. Census
A. an inactive “look-alike” meant to seem
real 5. An independent research company wants
B. a rare type of African bird indigenous to go door to door to survey people in
to the foothills of Morocco the city of Fontana. The company decides
to number all blocks within the city limit,
C. Something used to hunt with randomly choose 50 blocks and survey all
D. the change in symptoms as a result of households on each selected block. This is
an inactive “look-alike” an example of:
3. Farmer Joe separates his farm into 10 re- A. Simple Random Sample
gions. He then randomly selected 5 trees B. Stratified Random Sample
from each region to estimate the number
of apples produced on his apple tree farm. C. Cluster Random Sample
This is sampling. D. Systematic Random Sampling

10.1 Determining Experimental and Sample Designs. 383
6. To study the amount of time students 10. An experiment in which neither the sub-
spend doing homework each day, use jects nor the people who work with them
a random number generator to select know which treatment each subject is re-

25 students from the student enrollment ceiving is called
database to survey. A. double blind
A. Convenience Sample B. single blind
B. Simple Random Sample C. controlled
C. Stratified Random Sample D. replicated
D. Interval Sample 11. Identify the response variable in this sce-
nario:The weeds in my garden are 2 inches
7. What is the placebo effect?
taller today after the heavy rain we re-
A. Something that affects the neurologi- ceived last night.
cal pathways causing people to do nonsen-
A. Height of weeds
sical things.
B. Amount of rain
B. When someone believes a medication
works but the medication was not medi- C. Neither “height of weeds” or “amount
cated. of rain”
C. A dangerous experiment that can harm D. Could be “height of weeds” or

the person that is experimented. “amount of rain”
D. A disease that effects the brain, worse 12. What type of sampling is this? Soybeans
than meningitis are planted on a 48-acre field. The field
is divided into one acre subplots. A sam-
8. Marianne wanted to know students’ opin- ple of plants is taken from each subplot to
ion on the new schedule at school. She estimate the harvest.
places students’ names in a container and
A. Random sample
randomly picks out 20 names.
B. Convenience sample
B. Systematic Random Sampling
D. Census
C. Simple Random Sampling
13. To ensure that the experiment results are
D. Volunteer response
valid it is important that the experiment
9. Marianne wanted to know students’ opin- be
ion on the new schedule at school. So she A. Replicated
randomly selected 2 students from each B. Controlled
class during second period. This is a form
of: C. Randomized
A. Convenience Sampling D. All of the above
B. Simple Random Sampling 14. Identify the explanatory variable in this

scenario:The weeds in my garden are 2
C. Stratified Random Sampling
inches taller today after the heavy rain we
D. Cluster Sampling received last night.

10.1 Determining Experimental and Sample Designs. 384
A. Height of weeds C. This is a stratified random sample

B. Amount of rain D. This is a cluster sample
C. Neither “height of weeds” or “amount
19. A beverage company wanted to see if peo-
of rain”
ple in the United States liked their new
D. Could be “height of weeds” or logo.Which choice best represents a pop-
“amount of rain” ulation?
15. In an experiment the group gets A. A selection of logo artists.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. control, caffiene B. Every person in the United States.
B. control, the independent variable C. A selection of shoppers from different
C. experimental, the placebo shoppers from different states.
D. control, the placebo D. 3, 800 children age 5-15
16. Farmer Joe separates his apple tree farm 20. The process of repeating an experiment un-
into 10 regions. He counts the number of der the same of similar conditions is called
apples produced in just one of the regions
and uses that estimate to predict the num- A. Replication
ber of apples produced on the whole farm.
B. Randomization
This is sampling.
C. Control
A. Simple
B. Cluster D. Treatment
C. Stratified 21. Mrs. Horn samples her class by selecting

D. Systematic every third person on her class list. Which
type of sampling method is this?
17. Which question is biased?
A. Simple
A. Do you prefer flip flops or sandals?
B. Systematic
B. Should we be required to wear school
C. Stratified
uniforms?
D. Cluster
C. Do you think a Wal-Mart should be built
in town? 22. What type of sampling? A student asks
D. Do you prefer Taylor Swift or the scan- 12 friends to participate in a psychology
dalous Miley Cyrus? experiment.
18. To investigate whether standing up while A. Random sample

studying affects performance in an algebra B. Convenience sample
class, a teacher assigns half of the 30 stu-
dents in his class to stand up while study-
ing and assigns the other half to not stand D. Census
up while studying. Which of the following
best describes this plan? 23. A teacher hands out an index card and
asks all of her students to write down
A. This is an observational study the following information:age, height (in
B. This is an experiment inches), and what grade they are in.Which

10.2 Primary and Secondary Sources 385
of the following best describes her method D. Census

of data collection?
27. To find out what the preferred ice cream

A. Census
flavor is, wait outside an ice cream parlor
B. Simple Random Sample and ask every 4th person leaving the store
C. Cluster Random Sample to name his or her favorite flavor until you
get 25 responses is an example of
D. Stratified Random Sample
A. Convenience Sample
24. Which of the following questions is unbi-
B. Simple Random Sample
ased?
A. Have you tried those nasty new flavors C. Stratified Random Sample
of Lays potato chips? D. Systematic Sample
B. Do you think the government should be
28. Political webpages often allow readers to
able to spy on all of your private text mes-
rate whether they strongly agree, agree,
sages?
disagree, or strongly disagree with the
C. What was the score of the football President’s decision on any given situation.
game last Friday? This is a form of:
D. Do you think our awesome principal is A. Voluntary Response
a great leader for our school?
B. Convenience Sampling
25. Ms. Nichol samples her class by selecting C. Simple Random Sampling
all students sitting at group 1 and group 5
in her classroom. This sampling technique D. Systematic Random Sampling
is called?
29. Identify the response variable in this sce-
A. Simple nario:A recent study compared the aver-
B. Stratified age number of hours of sleep each night
each person reported as well as the num-
C. Systematic
ber of cups of coffee they consumed that
D. Cluster day.
26. What type of sampling is this? A journalist A. Hours of sleep
asks his family how they feel about water B. Number of cups of coffee
pollution.
C. Neither “Hours of sleep” or “Number
A. Random sample of cups of coffee”
B. Convenience sample D. Could be “Hours of sleep” or “Number
C. Stratified Random sample of cups of coffee”
10.2 Primary and Secondary Sources

1. t Amendment’s free exercise of religion B. Mendez v Westminster
prevents a state from making Amish chil-
dren attend school past the 8th Grade C. Delgado v Bastrop ISD
A. Wisconsin v Yoder D. Sweatt v Painter

2. Comparing and contrasting documents C. hypothesis and questions

would be an example of which historical
D. bias and effect
thinking skill?
A. Sourcing 8. Which of the following is a con of a pri-
B. Contextualizing mary source?
C. Corroborating A. Multiple perspectives presented

D. Close Reading B. Real human emotions
NARAYAN CHANGDER
3. Why should we study history? C. Too many historical voices
A. Learn about our past (ancestors, cul- D. Usually biased

ture, advancements, leaders)
9. Corroboration is
B. Learn from our mistakes
A. the act of comparing pieces of evi-
C. Create a better future dence to see where they agree and dis-
D. All of the options are correct. agree.
4. Is a diary or a personal journal most likely B. a primary source
a primary source or a secondary source? C. when two parties disagree
A. primary D. like building a strong tower
B. secondary
C. chron-means time 10. Select the right group of secondary
sources.
D. dem-means people
A. photographs, archives
5. Books are an example of
B. books, biography
A. primary
C. films, newspaper
B. secondary
D. biography, journals
C. both
D. neither 11. What does evaluate mean?
6. Provide historical evidence means: A. making judgements

A. Find the cause of a historical event B. correctness
B. Select a quote for the document to sup- C. how people feel
port D. known to have happened
C. Identify and explain a historical event
or fact that supports your statement 12. In Plessy V. Ferguson, the Supreme Court
ruled that segregation was
D. Identify a claim in the reading
A. unconstitutional
7. A relationship between two events where
the first event is responsible for the sec- B. legal in all forms
ond event. C. legal as long as the facilities were
A. cause and effect equal
B. bias and error D. protected by the First Amendment

13. Why are primary sources important? 17. Cite textual evidence means:
A. Primary sources are first-hand ac- A. Find a quote that supports a statement

counts. The person writing actually expe-
rienced the event. It is the first-hand ac- B. Summarize background information
count of the material.
C. Compare two quotes
B. Source means the place or the origin
of information. D. Evaluate a source’s reliability
C. Primary means first. 18. A biography is known as

D. A primary source comes from a second A. A story about someone
hand source. It may be factual and truth-
B. Theme
ful, but it is based on first-hand informa-
tion and reports. It is not as close to the C. Primary
actual event as a secondary source. D. Secondiary
14. An example of a primary source is 19. Which term means confirm; support w/
A. books additional evidence?
B. journals A. facts
C. biography B. corroborate
D. newspaper C. accuracy
D. secondary source
15. Research data, such as census statistics
Official and unofficial records of organiza- 20. History books and other popular or schol-
tions and government agencies Artifacts arly books are known as
of all kinds, such as tools, coins, clothing,
A. Literature
furniture, etc. Audio recordings, DVDs,
and video recordings Government docu- B. Books that gives you information about
ments (reports, bills, proclamations, hear- history
ings, etc.) Patents Technical reports Scien- C. Secondary sources
tific journal articles reporting experimen-
D. Primary sources
tal research resultsAre known as
A. Primary 21. Primary source documents are all of the
following EXCEPT
B. secondary
A. First hand accounts of someone’s ex-
C. Documents
perience
D. none of above
B. Analysis of events
16. Which of the following is not considered a C. An original document that does not an-
secondary source? alyze other documents
A. an encyclopedia entry D. Original research
B. a textbook 22. Which document is a secondary source?
C. a magazine article A. Research findings on video gaming’s
D. an interview effects

B. Population statistics from the U.S Cen- C. they are all biographies
sus Bureau D. none of above
C. An almanac
28. Which of these is a secondary source?
D. Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Ad-
dress A. I Am Malala by Malala Yousafzai
23. Sourcing B. The Story of My Life by Helen Keller
A. helps us get an accurate picture of the C. John Adams by David McCullough
NARAYAN CHANGDER
past D. The Autobiography of Malcolm X by
B. is original documents and objects cre- Malcolm X
ated at the time of study.
29. Interviews, surveys, and fieldwork are
C. identifies and answers questions
known as
about the origins of the source.
A. Writings
D. locates events and sources in time and
space. B. Primary
24. This case advocated free speech in the C. Secondiary

schools in the form of an anti-war protest D. What trump does
A. Tinker vs. Des Moines
30. Separate is inherently unequal
B. Gideon vs. Wainwright
A. BRown v Board of Education
C. Mapp vs. Ohio
B. Plessy v Ferguson
D. Morse v. Frederick
C. Marbury v Madison
25. Secondary source documents are all of the
following EXCEPT: D. McColluch v Maryland
A. An analysis of primary sources or 31. Which of these is NOT an example of a pri-

events mary source?
B. Interpretations of original documents A. Original uniforms worn at a time in his-
C. Sources created later by someone tory
who did not participate in the event B. Diaries written at the time of an event
D. Original materials
26. A story about your life is a(n) C. Film footage of a historical event
A. Perspective writing D. A poem about World War II from your
classmate
B. Biography
C. Primary source 32. What is an example of an secondary
D. Secondary source source?
A. Speech
27. What is true about all secondary sources?
B. Film
A. they are based on primary sources
B. the author never adds his own C. Biography
thoughts D. letter

33. This case established the policy of judicial 38. Thea is writing a report on President Don-
review ald J. Trump and wants to include both pri-
mary and secondary sources. Which of the

A. Brown vs. Board of Education
following sources is not a primary source
B. Tinker vs. Des Moines about President Trump?
C. Marbury vs. Madison A. a videotaped interview with him
D. Morse v. Frederick B. an encyclopedia entry about him
34. Which of the following is not considered a C. a tweet he wrote and posted
primary source? D. an email from him to his chief of staff
A. a diary entry
39. Context
B. a biography A. helps us get an accurate picture of the
C. a letter past
D. a photograph B. is original documents and objects cre-
ated at the time of study.
35. States must pay for public defenders as a
result of which U.S Supreme Court case? C. identifies and answers questions
about the origins of the source.
A. DC. v. Heller
D. locates events and sources in time and
B. Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier space.
C. Gideon v. Wainwright
40. What s the question asking? What are the
D. Miranda v. Arizona historical circumstances of the time?
36. Which of the following best describes the A. Select evidence from the text
process of contextualization? B. Provide background info on the time
A. Answering Who, What, Where, and the source was written
When C. Summarize the text
B. Acquiring background on the topic D. Check other sources to see if they
C. Indicating the author’s perspective, agree
evidence, claims, and language 41. Which principle was the focus of the U.S
D. Cross-checking other sources of infor- Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Ari-
mation zona?
37. Which of the following is not true of sec- A. Freedom of expression

ondary sources? B. Freedom of Speech
A. They were created by an eyewitness to C. Self-Incrimination
the event being discussed. D. Right to Counsel
B. They can give a lot of information at
42. Which term means point of view?
one time.
A. values
C. They create an overall picture of his-
tory. B. opinion
D. They often use one or more primary C. perspective
sources. D. fact

43. Which of the following is a pro of sec- B. One or more steps removed from the
ondary sources? event
A. More detailed description C. May have pictures, quotes, or graphics
B. Firsthand experience of primary sources in them
C. Provide expert analysis D. Created during an experience or time
period with inside view of a particular
D. Give history a more personal feel
event
NARAYAN CHANGDER
44. What is historical context?
49. Which type of source can include the au-
A. context clues thor’s personal opinions or bias?
B. guessing about what happened in the
A. primary sources
past
C. the moods, attitudes and conditions B. secondary sources
that existed in a certain time. C. both
D. history D. neither
45. Contextualization is 50. Accounting source documents normally is-
A. context clues sued to acknowledge that money has been
B. a secondary source received by one party from another. It will
typically show particulars of the money re-
C. understanding how context/background ceived, including the parties to the transac-
information influences the content of the tion, the date, and the amount of money.
document
A. Paying-in slip
D. bias
B. Statement
46. This court case established implied powers
C. Receipt
A. Marbury v Madison
D. Credit Note
B. McCulloch v Maryland
C. Gibbons v Ogden 51. Bibliographies are
D. none of above A. Secondary sources
47. When you cross-check other sources to get B. Primary sources
a better understanding of a topic, you are C. Type of biography
D. All of the above
A. Sourcing
B. Contextualizing 52. These sources were present during an ex-
perience or time period and offer an inside
C. Corroborating
view of a particular event.
D. Close Reading
A. primary source
48. Which of the following is NOT a character-
B. secondary source
istic of a secondary source?
C. comic book
A. Interprets and analyzes primary
sources D. coloring book

53. This case ended segregation in public C. freedom of speech

schools
D. right of assembly

A. Plessy vs. Ferguson
B. Brown vs. Board of Education 58. A written order to a bank authorizing the
bank to pay an amount of money to the
C. New Jersey v. T.L.O. person named on it.
D. Bethel School District v. Fraser A. Check
54. If sans made a story about himself and his B. Receipt
Au’swould it be
C. Paying-in slip
A. Primary source
D. Payment Voucher
B. Secondary
C. Both 59. What is the DIFFERENCE between a Pri-
mary and Secondary Source?
D. none of above
A. They are the same
55. What should you do when you contextual-
ize sources? B. A Primary Source comes DIRECTLY
from a person who experienced an event.
A. Determine when and where the docu- A Secondary Source is information that
ment was created. DOES NOT COME DIRECTLY from a person
B. Determine which document is more re- who experienced that event.
liable.
C. A Primary Source DOES NOT COME DI-
C. Determine the language(words, RECTLY from a person who experienced
phrases, images, symbols) that is used an event. A Secondary Source is informa-
in the document. tion that comes DIRECTLY from a person
D. Determine the author of the document who experienced that event.
D. none of above
56. The Supreme Court decision in Roe v.
Wade (1973) was based on the constitu- 60. When analyzing sources, what should you
tional principle of read first?
A. protection of property rights
A. Source information
B. freedom of speech
B. Context information
C. right to privacy
C. Content information
D. freedom of religion
D. Corroborate information
57. “We conclude that in the field of public ed-
ucation the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ 61. The questions “Who wrote this?” and
has no place. Separate educational fa- “When was it written?” are examples of
cilities are inherently unequal.”-Brown v.
Board of Education (1954)Which constitu- A. Contextualization
tional idea was the basis for this Supreme
Court decision? B. Corroboration
A. protection against double jeopardy C. Close Reading
B. equal protection of the law D. Sourcing

62. A is something you can write B. a prejudice about a person or event

A. Primary which affects a person’s point of view on
a particular subject.
B. All of the above
C. a primary source
C. Secondiary
D. a town in the state of Delaware
D. Theme
68. A primary source is created by someone
63. Identifying an author’s claims, evidence,
who
NARAYAN CHANGDER
and language is an example of which his-
torical thinking skill? A. read about an event.
A. Sourcing B. made up an event from their imagina-
B. Contextualizing tion.
C. Corroborating C. was present at an event.

D. Close Reading D. heard about an event from a witness.
64. The questions “Who wrote this?” 69. The following question is one a student
“Where was it written?” “When was might ask while engaged in CONTEXTUAL-
it written?” “What is the purpose of this IZATION:
document?” are examples of
A. What do other documents say?
A. Contextualization
B. What was different then?
B. Corroboration
C. What is the author’s perspective?
C. Close Reading
D. How does the document’s language in-
D. Sourcing dicate the author’s perspective?
65. This case guaranteed certain rights for in- 70. The main difference between primary
dividuals being arrested sources and secondary sources is
A. Marbury vs. Madison
A. if you can find it in a dictionary
B. Tinker vs. Des Moines
B. where they are from
C. Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeier
C. perspective/point-of-view
D. Miranda vs. Arizona
D. if it is fiction or nonfiction
66. Voted against public prayer and Bible read-
ings in school 71. Multiple Accounts and Perspectives
A. Board of Ed. v. Earls A. help us get an accurate picture of the
past
B. Engel v. Vitale
C. Brown v. Board of Education B. are original documents and objects
created at the time of study.
D. Plessy v. Ferguson
C. identify and answer questions about
67. Bias is the origins of the source.
A. something you find in the cafeteria for D. locate events and sources in time and
lunch space.

10.3 Null hypothesis 393
72. A claim is: 73. Which of these is a primary source?

A. a statement of truth A. a rap song about Harriet Tubman

B. a photograph of Harriet Tubman
B. the same as bias
C. an essay about Harriet Tubman
C. contrasting ideas in documents
D. a documentary film about Harriet Tub-
D. none of the above man
10.3 Null hypothesis

1. A statement whose validity is tested on 4. The rejection probability of Null Hypothe-
the basis of a sample is called? sis when it is true is called as?
A. Null Hypothesis A. Level of Confidence
B. Statistical Hypothesis B. Level of Significance
C. Simple Hypothesis C. Level of Margin
D. Composite Hypothesis
D. Level of Rejection
2. A soccer player wants to see if working
with a new coach will improve her field 5. Does taking aspirin every day reduce the
goal percentage. Without a coach, she chance of having a heart attack? The
makes 50% of her shots. The null Hy- null hypothesis is aking aspirin daily does
pothesis:Her field goal percentage stays not affect heart attack risk. A survey of
the same after getting a new coach. The 300 peoples was conducted and the sam-
t-value of of her sample is 1.925 and the ple date showed that the t-vaue is 1.689
critical value is 1.007. and the critical value is 0.593
A. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected A. The null hypothesis can be rejected
and the difference is not significant. and the difference is not significant
B. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected B. The null hypothesis can be rejected
and the difference is significant . and the difference is significant
C. The null hypothesis can be rejected C. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected
and the difference in performance is sig- and the difference is not significant
nificant.
D. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected
D. The null hypothesis can be rejected and the difference is significant
and the difference in performance is not
significant 6. of the data is located standard devia-
tion(s) above the mean and standard
3. A hypothesis which develops while plan-
deviation(s) below the mean.
ning the research
A. Null hypothesis A. one
B. Working hypothesis B. two

C. Relational hypothesis C. zero
D. Discriptive hypothesis D. three

10.3 Null hypothesis 394
7. The weight of the average 6th grade stu- C. H3

dent’s backpack (with books in it) is 18.4 D. H2
lbs. The principal of the school thinks that
the backpack does not weight 18.4 lbs. A 11. A statement made about a population for
survey of 180 students was conducted and testing hypothesis
the sample date showed that the t-vaue is
A. Static
1.089 and the critical value is 1.932
B. Hypothesis
A. The null hypothesis can be rejected
NARAYAN CHANGDER
and the difference is significant. C. Level of significance
B. The null hypothesis can be rejected D. Test static
and the difference is not significant.
12. A soccer team usually has 62, 900 people
C. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected attend their games. The owner of another
and the difference is not significant. soccer team claims that the average atten-
D. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected dance at games is over 62, 900. What is
and the difference is significant. the alternative hypothesis?
A. H1:µ + 62, 900
8. A statement made about a population for
testing purpose is called? B. H1:µ = 62, 900
A. Statistic C. H1:µ < 62, 900
B. Hypothesis D. H1:µ > 62, 900
C. Level of Significance 13. A hypothesis which defines the population

distribution is called?
D. Test-Statistic
A. Null Hypothesis
9. Identify the correct null hypothesis:Is the
B. Statistical Hypothesis
proportion of babies born male different
from 50%? The null hypotheses is the ba- C. Simple Hypothesis
bies born male is not difference from 50&. D. Composite Hypothesis
In a sample of 200 babie were surveyed.
The The t-value of the sample is of 1.279 14. Shantay did the project to see if teens are
and the critical value is 1.453. better at math than adults. Which of the
following represents her null hypothesis?
A. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected
and the difference is significant. A. Age has effect on mathematical ability.
B. The null hypothesis can be rejected
and the difference is significant. B. Age has no effect on mathematical
ability.
C. The null hypothesis can be rejected
and the difference is not significant. C. teens are better at math than adults
D. The null hypothesis cannot be rejected D. Adult are better at math than teens
and the difference is not significant.
15. A car has a mean gas mileage of 26 mpg.
10. If a Null hypothesis denoted as Bedazzled Motor Company claims that its
new sedan, the Glitteratti, will average
A. H1 better than 26 miles per gallon. What is
B. H0 the null and alternative hypothesis?

10.4 Bibliography 395
A. H0:µ = 26 H1:µ = 26 19. If the assumed hypothesis is tested for re-

B. H0:µ > 26 H1:µ = 26 jection considering it to be true is called?

C. H0:µ = 26 H1:µ < 26 A. Null Hypothesis
D. H0:µ = 26 H1:µ > 26 B. Statistical Hypothesis
16. A Null hypothesis has level of significance C. Simple Hypothesis
9% for what values level of significance it D. Composite Hypothesis
will be rejected
A. 0.99 20. If the null hypothesis is false then which
of the following is accepted?
B. 0.009
A. Null Hypothesis
C. O.099
D. 0.9 B. Positive Hypothesis
C. Negative Hypothesis
17. You perform a sample test and the test
showed that t-value is greater than the D. Alternative Hypothesis.
critical value. What do you do?
21. When a hypothesis is stated negatively it
A. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and
is called
the difference in test is not significant
B. Fail to reject the null hypothesis and A. Relational hypothesis
the difference in test is significant B. Situational hypothesis
C. Reject the null hypothesis and the dif- C. Null hypothesis
ference in test is not significant
D. Casual hypothesis
D. Reject the null hypothesis and the dif-
ference in test is significant 22. Which hypothesis is predicts that there is
no relationship between the independent
18. The rejection probability of null hypothesis
variables and dependent variable
when it true is called
A. Level of confidence A. Alternative hypothesis
B. Level of significance B. Null hypothesis

C. Level of margin C. Simple hypothesis
D. Level of rejection D. Complex hypothesis
10.4 Bibliography
1. The minus symbol (-) D. none of above
A. adds the word following the symbol to
your search results. 2. How does citing a web site differ from cit-
ing a book?
B. excludes or takes away the word fol-
lowing the symbol from your search re- A. only a web citation gives a city of pub-
sults. lication
C. gives the definition of the word follow- B. only a web citation includes the date of
ing the symbol. access

C. only a web citation includes an author C. gets in formation from various web-
D. only a web citation includes a title sites and acknowledges the author by
writing the sources found.
3. Which part of a report can bibliography be
D. waits for his/her classmates to do
found? It can be found in the
their assignment first so he/she could
A. middle of a research copy it
B. last page of a research
8. How must a bibliography be ordered?
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. beginning of a research
A. by date of publication, from most re-
D. introduction part of a research
cent to oldest
4. Which of the following is NOT written on B. by date of publication, from oldest to
the title page of a book? most recent
A. Name of the publisher
C. alphabetically, by author’s last name
B. Name of the author
D. alphabetically, by title
C. The year of publication
D. Title of the book 9. Maggie is making a book entry in her bib-
liography. What should be the first item
5. A webpage that ends in ‘.com’ means: listed?
A. It’s a government website A. author’s first name
B. It’s a non-profit organization
B. author’s last name
C. It’s a commercial site that could be
used for business C. title of the book
D. none of above D. publisher
6. If an article is biased, it shows 10. If one of your sources has no author listed,
A. an unfair preference for or dislike of what should you do?
something A. just list the title and all other informa-
B. a lack of education on the part of the tion
writer B. leave that source out of your bibliogra-
C. a lack of seriousness on the part of the phy
writer C. invent a name for the author of the
D. poor research or writing skills source
7. When a learner is required to do research D. call the publisher and find out who
on his/her assignment, which of the fol- wrote the source
lowing should be the most appropriate ac-
tion? A learner 11. A reliable source is
A. posts his/her question on Ask.com and A. biased
waits for someone to answer it. B. trusted
B. does the research on the internet
C. trying to sell you something
and directly copies what is immediately
posted on Google. D. google

12. Directions:Read the questions carefully C. uses your own words

and click the letter that bears the cor-
D. gives the author credit by using an in-
rect answer.1. The word “bibliography”

ternal citation
originated from the Greek words “biblion”
meaning a book and “graphia” meaning to
17. To search for specific words on a webpage
A. copy
A. click F6.
B. listen
B. click cap locks.
C. read
C. click control + F.
D. write
D. click space bar + F.
13. Which of the following must always be in-
cluded in a citation for a print magazine 18. Which website would be considered the
article? most credible?
A. the names of the artists or photogra- A. one sponsored by a club
phers who contributed images to the arti-
cle B. one sponsored by a college
B. the date on which you read the maga- C. one sponsored by a person
zine article
D. one sponsored by a store
C. the magazine’s circulation (number of
copies produced) 19. The suffix .org is used for domain names
D. the page number(s) that the article ap- of what type of organizations?
peared on A. internet service providers
14. What punctuation is used to separate the B. non-profit groups
information in a bibliography entry?
C. online stores
A. comma
D. schools and colleges
B. period
C. exclamation point 20. An example of a reliable source is
D. qoutation mark A. a print or an online encyclopedia.
15. Which of the following websites is the B. wikipedia.com.
MOST reliable? C. google.com.
A. www.nys.org
D. yahoo.com.
B. www.nys.net
C. www.nys.com 21. A bibliography
D. www.nys.gov A. is a type of in-text citation
16. A direct quotation does all of the following B. is a list of all the sources you used
except: C. contains any graphs and charts you re-
A. uses the author’s exact words. ferred to
B. doesn’t make any changes. D. is a complete list of your footnotes

22. One of the reasons why a learner needs to C. primary and secondary
cite sources of information used in his/her D. books and textbooks
research is to show his/her credibility as
a writer. This means that the learner 27. A difference between a “story” and an
A. made his/her own research “article” is:
B. used reliable information in his/her re- A. they are the same thing-both mean
search writing
B. a story is longer than an article
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. copied his/her work from his/her
classmates C. a story may be fiction; an article is non-
fiction
D. read a lot of books to include in his/her
research D. a story is shorter than an article
23. Why is paraphrasing a good way to avoid 28. If you searched using the operator site:org
plagiarizing a source? your results would include
A. it doesn’t give any credit to an original A. only sites that end in .edu
source B. only sites that end in .com
B. it shows your readers you have a firm C. only sites that end .org
grasp of the subject
D. all sites
C. it suggests that you personally know a
source that you quote 29. Steps you can take to determine if a source
is reliable will include
D. it shows your teacher that you’re able
to use correct grammar A. looking for the author.
B. determining the author of the website.
24. A collection of sources online, in one easy
to search location:
C. verifying the author’s expertise.
A. research
D. all of the above.
B. online database
C. periodical 30. What is a bibliography?
D. cite A. a list of sources for researching a topic
25. Twelve-point font, Times New Roman, B. is a set of rules on how to cite sources
one-inch margins, and double-spaced: in academic writing
A. research C. is a formal system used to develop
B. sources a framework about the organization and
contents of your paper
C. parenthetical citation (in-line citation)
D. research methods and techniques cho-
D. research paper format
sen by a researcher
26. Sources can be classified into which two 31. What is an in-text or parenthetical cita-
categories? tion?
A. documents and videos A. a list of sources at the end of your pa-
B. academic and government per

B. the author and or page number in A. instagram

parentheses B. online

C. a quoted line from text C. social media
D. the name of an article D. youtube
32. What should you do if a website doesn’t 37. Fatima needs to use one PRIMARY source
tell you who the author of the webpage for her project on politics and culture in the
is? US in the 1980s. Which would her teacher
A. Make something up accept?
B. Search online to track down who wrote A. a novel of historical fiction set in 1985
it
B. an article about Ronald Reagan writ-
C. Write “Not found” ten in 2004
D. Leave it blank C. a diary entry written by Madonna in
1988
33. How do you show that a sentence is a
quote from another source? D. an essay about how art of the 1980s
influenced later decades
A. underline it
B. put it in bold 38. Why is it important to cite the sources
of information that you used in your re-
C. put it in italics
search? It is important because it
D. surround it with quotation marks
A. gives credit to the author
34. Liz Allen and Jon Chambers wrote a book B. is required by the teacher
together. How will their names appear in
C. is generally a part of an essay
a bibliography?
D. shows you made an effort in doing your
A. Liz Allen and Jon Chambers
assignment
B. Allen, Liz and Chambers, Jon
39. Searles, Baird, and Martin Last. A
C. Allen, Liz and Jon Chambers
Reader’s Guide to Science Fiction . New
D. Liz Allen and Chambers, Jon York:Facts on File, Inc., 1979.What is the
title?
35. Why is Wikipedia not a strong research
source? A. A Reader’s Guide to Science Fiction
A. Wikipedia authors try to trick people B. Facts on File
with incorrect information. C. New York
B. Anyone can edit a Wikipedia entry, so D. Martin Last
information can be wrong or incomplete.
C. Wikipedia never contains citations. 40. Which of the following statements best de-
fines a bibliography?
D. Wikipedia contains too many details
and doesn’t give a good overview. A. a list of sources used in a research
B. a sample of books to read later
36. Which of the following refers to any mate-
rials or information taken from the inter- C. a list of books students need to buy
net? D. a place to go and borrow books

41. Wikipedia can be helpful because 46. Which quote and citation is properly for-
A. It is a primary source document. matted? The information for the cited
quote is the followingHe was stone
B. Facts are checked by a professional dead.Edgar Allan Poepage 85
fact checker.
A. “He was stone dead. (85 Poe)”
C. It provides citations and links to more
B. “He was stone dead” (Poe 85).
credible sources.
C. “He was stone dead.” (Poe, 85)
D. Information can be quoted from there
NARAYAN CHANGDER
without providing a citation. D. “He was stone dead” (Poe, 85).
42. Taking and passing off someone else’s 47. What is it called when you cite a source
work whether intentional or uninten- within your text?
tional. A. In-text Citation
A. Internal Citation B. Parenthesis
B. Plagiarism C. Citation
C. Paraphrase D. Partial
D. Direct Quote 48. What is the purpose of the bibliography?
43. True or FalseIf you only give URL ad- A. To define words the reader may not
dresses on your works cited page: know.
B. To tell the reader where find specific
A. then it is NOT a works cited page.
ideas in your paper.
B. you will likely be accused of plagiarism.
C. To tell where your facts and quotes
came from.
C. it will make your teacher crazy cra-
D. To give credit to your librarian for help-
zier.
ing you.
D. all of the above
49. Use quotes around a phrase (”We the peo-
44. Why do we need to write a bibliography? ple”) to search for websites where
A. To respect the author and give them A. those exact words inside the quotes
credit appear in that exact order.
B. To give your teacher a way to double- B. those words are found in any order.
check your information C. those words are not found.
C. To avoid plagiarism D. none of above
D. All of these reasons! 50. What’s the best way to quote online re-
sources without plagiarizing?
45. When using Google for research, what
should you type? A. paraphrasing every paragraph that
you read
A. The whole question
B. using only print versions of online doc-
B. Specific and descriptive key words
uments
C. random words C. explaining to your teacher that you did
D. a single, unclear word your research on the internet

D. citing all of your online resources with B. Putting an author’s words into your pa-
proper attribution per word for word without using quotation
marks

51. How are the sources arranged in a bibliog-
raphy? C. Using information from a website,
putting it into your own words, and prop-
A. from left to right erly citing it.
B. alphabetically by their titles D. All of these!
C. from first to last
56. A paraphrase does everything except:
D. alphabetically by their authors
A. explains main ideas only.
52. One reason source information for a web-
B. is written in your own words.
site can be tricky is because the title
and the can be the same. C. uses quotation marks.
A. heading, page D. shows you understand the source.
B. publisher, site 57. What is an example of a primary source?
C. page, home A. a textbook
D. URL, publisher B. an academic journal
53. What is the following process describing? C. an encyclopedia
1. STOP after each paragraph and ask,
D. a diary
“What did I just read?”2. Take a list of
notes.3. Write only things about your 58. Where is a works cited page located in an
topic.4. Doesn’t use complete sentences. essay?
A. paraphrasing A. Beginning, the first page.
B. writing an internal citation B. Middle, to break up body paragraphs.
C. plagiarizing C. End, the last page.
D. photosynthesis D. none of above
54. Pre-search is 59. Maria is annotating or marking a book
A. Googling a topic and seeing how much source which she used for her report in Hu-
information about it exists man Body Parts. In which part of the book
B. getting an overview of your topic be- can she find the year of publication?
fore you dive into researching it A. back cover
C. writing a bibliography recording all B. cover page
your sources
C. copyright page
D. developing a detailed outline so you
D. table of contents
know what information you’ll need
60. What’s essential when you’re deciding on
a research topic?
plagiarism:
A. Writing your own fictional story and A. that you like the topic
not including a bibliography B. that there’s a website on the topic

C. that there’s a lot of videos on the topic 66. Which of the following shows when a book
was published?
D. that no one has heard of the topic A. year of publication
B. the author’s birthday
61. In-text citations are also known as
C. title of the book
A. Textual citations
D. copyright
B. Parentheses citations
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. In-text parentheses 67. All of the following may suggest bias, ex-
cept:
D. Parenthetical citations
A. first person, as in “I think”
62. The concept of a source being about your B. subjective language
thesis:
C. a lack of facts or examples
A. accuracy
D. a link to another source
B. relevancy
68. Which should not be a purpose for creating
C. timeliness
an annotated bibliography? it should not
D. none of above be created to
A. avoid plagiarism
63. If you plagiarize you can be:
B. help other researchers
A. expelled from school.
C. burden writers in doing their research
B. lose your job.
C. be sued by the person whose work you
D. show respect to the author of the
used.
source used
D. all of the above
64. Why is it important for you to take notes information from an objective, balanced
when you research? source?
A. So you can decide if you want to pursue A. Politicians are destroying our country.
the topic. They are liars.
B. So you can memorize the facts. B. Video games are terrible because they
make children lazy.
C. So you can give credit for your own
ideas. C. According to some scientists, drinking
water may benefit memory. Other scien-
D. So you can organize your paper. tists point out that the study linking water
and memory is inconclusive.
65. Which of the following is NOT a part of a
book bibliography format? D. Winter is the best season of the year
because I love skiing. Summer is the
A. Name of Publisher
worst because I don’t get to see my class-
B. Publication Year mates that often.
C. Date of Access 70. Which author’s name should come first on
D. Place of Publication the works cited page?

A. Gary Soto C. a blog post written by a student giving

B. William Shakespeare her opinion about wearing a school uni-
form

C. William Sleator
D. an article written by an educator de-
D. John Smith tailing the connection between dress and
student achievement
71. Which of the following print materials
refers to a scholarly published periodical
75. In the APA style of writing a bibliography,
containing articles written by researchers,
the title of the book is written in .
professors, and other experts?
A. capital letters
A. books
B. journals B. bold letters
C. magazines C. italics
D. newspapers D. bright colours
72. Dove, Rita. “Lady Freedom among Us.” 76. What’s the BEST way to confirm the accu-
The Electronic Text Center . Ed. David Sea- racy of a piece of information?
man. 1998. Alderman Lib., U of Virginia. A. look to see what else the author has
19 June 1998 What is the name of the written
website?
B. check if the author cited their sources
A. Dove, Rita
B. Electronic Text Center
C. look at the date that it was published
C. “Lady Freedom among Us.”
D. find out if the source was published in
D. U of Virginia print as well as online
73. Allen, Thomas B. Vanishing Wildlife
77. What MUST be included in a website cita-
of North America . Washing-
tion?
ton, D.C.:National Geographic Society,
1974.What year was this published? A. the name of your Internet server
A. 2015 B. the date you read the page
B. 1947 C. the e-mail address of the author
C. 1974 D. the location of the computer from
D. 1998 which you accessed the page
74. Rika is writing a report on school uniforms 78. You are doing research in a large public li-
for the school newspaper. Which source brary. What source would you not expect
would be the best resource for her re- to find there?
port? A. an encyclopedia
A. an advertisement from a company that
B. the Internet
sells school uniforms
C. old letters
B. the website of a school that has de-
cided to do away with school uniforms D. journal articles

79. How should you start a research project? 85. Which of the following describes the title
A. read an overview of your topic and the page of a book?
subject area A. The first page in the book
B. ask your teacher how many sources B. The last page in the book
you’ll need
C. The first important printed page in the
C. take and organize notes book
D. choose a topic that’s neither too broad D. The page that list the chapters in the
NARAYAN CHANGDER
or too narrow book
80. What are the two main types of sources? 86. N.D. in a source citation means:
A. Book and Website
A. No Date
B. Online and Print
B. No Direction
C. Periodicals and Online Journals
C. Not Duplicated
D. Magazine and Newspaper
D. Nerd Domain
81. What is the best synonym for “para-
phrase?” 87. Which of the following refers to any ma-
terials or information found on the inter-
A. restate
net?
B. copy
A. Instagram
C. plagiarize
B. online
D. invent
C. social media
82. In the APA style of writing a bibliography,
D. YouTube
the year of publication is placed in .
A. quotation marks 88. This is what you use to locate a webpage:
B. question marks A. cite
C. commas B. web-address (URL)
D. brackets C. title
83. Which “style” of citation do we use at D. source
LPS?
89. How do the second and third lines of a
A. MLA bibliographical citation differ from the first
B. APA line?
C. Philadelphia A. the first line is indented; the following
D. Chicago lines are not
B. the first line is not indented; the follow-
84. The bibliography can be found on the
ing lines are
A. middle of a research
C. the first line is underlined; the follow-
B. last page of a research ing lines are not
C. beginning of a research D. the first line is not underlined; the fol-
D. introduction part of a research lowing lines are

90. Plagiarism means 96. Where’s the place in a book where you’ll
A. copying someone’s work without giv- find most of the info you need to cite it?

ing them credit. A. The cover
B. paraphrasing someone’s work without B. The copyright page
giving them credit.
C. The glossary
C. using someone’s idea or thoughts
without giving them credit. D. The title page
D. all of the above.
97. The concept of a source being in the same
91. A citation entry should be alphabetized time frame as your research:
by: A. accuracy
A. Date of publication
B. relevancy
B. Author’s last name
C. timeliness
C. Author’s first name
D. none of above
D. Publisher
92. What does the Latin phrase et. al mean? 98. If your source of information has two au-
thors, how many do you include in your
A. among others bibliography?
B. and others
A. One
C. for example
B. Two
D. with others
C. None
93. What web tool do we use to make bibli-
ographies? D. Three
A. Google 99. When should you use the abbreviation, “et

B. Noodletools al.?”
C. Moodle A. only when a work has several authors
D. Quizizz B. only when a work has no listed author
94. The concept of a source being trustwor-
thy: C. only when a source appears in a mag-
A. accuracy azine or journal
B. relevancy D. only when a source has no listed pub-

lisher
C. timeliness
D. none of above 100. The Owl at Purdue:
95. What is a URL? A. is an online writing resource.
A. The web address for a website B. is Harry Potter’s other owl.
B. A computer cable C. is not a reliable source for writing in-
C. The name of a website formation.
D. An alien spaceship D. none of the above

101. To cite means 107. What’s another name for a bibliogra-

A. to do research phy?
B. to tell the source A. glossary
C. to point out something B. works cited
D. to get in trouble C. appendix
102. Wikipedia: D. index
NARAYAN CHANGDER
A. should never be used as a source. 108. What’s the difference between a web-
B. can be edited by literally anyone. page and a website?
C. may provide useful links to reliable re- A. Nothing! They’re the same!
sources. B. A webpage is a single page of informa-
D. all of the above tion, while a website is a number of web
pages connected by links
103. In the bibliography, the first information
C. A webpage is a good resource, but a
written about a source is the .
website isn’t
A. name of the author
D. A webpage is in a book, but a website
B. title of the book is online
C. name of the publisher
109. Which of these pieces of information do
D. place of publication
we NOT need when citing a book?
104. Which of the following BEST helps you A. Author
evaluate a source?
B. Publisher
A. an author’s academic credentials
C. Number of Pages
B. an author’s age
D. Date of Publication
C. an author’s sense of humor
D. an author’s use of charts, graphs, and 110. Which is an example of plagiarism?
other images A. including facts in your paper and not
giving the source
105. What is the main disadvantage of
Wikipedia? B. including facts in your paper with a
A. the articles are out of date web link
B. topics are narrow or limited C. including a photo in your paper with

the photographer’s name
C. anyone can write or edit the articles
D. including a quote in your paper and giv-
D. the articles have political bias. ing the source
106. A webpage that ends in ‘.org’ means:
111. The four parts of an in-text citation are
A. It’s a government website
B. It’s a non-profit organization A. open parenteses, author’s last name,
C. It’s a commercial website that could page number, and close parentheses
be used for business B. open parentheses, author’s first name,
D. none of above page number, and close parentheses

10.5 Research papers for journals 407
C. open parentheses, author’s last name, B. False

a comma, the page number, and a close C. Only if it recognizes the source.
parentheses

D. none of above
D. parentheses, quote, comma, author’s
last name 116. Which of the following is statements is
112. One good place to look for source infor- TRUE about bibliography? it is
mation on a website is: A. Sample of books to read later
A. their Home page. ‘ B. list of sources used in research
B. at the very bottom of the page. C. place to go and check out books
C. in the “About Us” section D. list of books students need to buy
D. all of the above
117. Searles, Baird, and Martin Last. A
113. Where should you look first to find a Reader’s Guide to Science Fiction . New
website’s publisher? York:Facts on File, Inc., 1979.What is Mar-
A. On the “Contact Us” page tin Last?
B. At the bottom of the webpage A. The title
C. On Google B. The publisher
D. At the top of the webpage C. The reader
114. All of the following are part of a source D. The author
citation except:
118. When should you cite a source?
A. author
A. each time you write an idea that is your
B. URL address own
C. date
B. each time you write a fact or idea
D. address of publisher that’s not your own
115. True or False:The site easybib.com will C. each time you write a word that the
create a source citation with only the title reader may not know
or web site address. D. each time you include your own photo
A. True or drawing
10.5 Research papers for journals

1. What is journal article? C. a compilation of scientific papers that
A. a collection of magazine that is pub- is published regularly throughout the year
lished regularly throughout the year
B. a collection of research methodologies
that is published regularly throughout the D. a compilation of scientific papers for
year personal and private use

10.6 Research, Plagiarism, and Thesaurus 408
10.6 Research, Plagiarism, and Thesaurus

1. Putting a sentence completely into one’s D. Relaxed-Synonym:easygoing ;
own words is called Antonym:tense
A. Quoting
6. Plagiarizing someone’s work is
B. Paraphrasing
A. not cheating
C. Neither
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. acceptable in Science and Social Stud-
D. none of above ies but not English
2. Which website or address (URL) would not C. cheating or stealing from someone
be reliable?
D. acceptable in all subjects
A. NASA
B. Britannica 7. Original ideas are considered
C. Wikipedia A. bogus
D. .gov or .edu websites B. intellectual property
3. Your teacher told you to use a better C. free to use and share
word than “NICE “ in your essay. Where D. all of these
would you look to find a similar, but better
word? 8. What is a website?
A. dictionary A. A location on the internet that contains
B. thesaurus pages of information
C. glossary B. A program
D. index C. A set of instructions
4. Why should you cite your resources? D. None of the above
A. To give credit to the people created it 9. Why should we always give credit to the
B. To copy another person’s work author?
C. To use it as our own A. So we don’t get in trouble.
D. None of the above B. Because it’s the right thing to do.
5. Use the sample thesaurus page to C. To avoid a copyright violation.
complete the table with the informa- D. All of these answers!
tion needed. Relaxed-Synonym: ;
Antonym: 10. Plagiarism is
A. Relaxed-Synonym:dispute ; Antonym:submit A. A delicious dessert
B. Copying someone else’s work and call-
B. Relaxed-Synonym:dependable ;
ing it my own.
Antonym:unreliable
C. citing resources
C. Relaxed-Synonym:prepared ; Antonym:unready
D. Creating a list of Web sites

11. Plagiarism occurs when the research paper D. All of these

you write is NOT your idea and you try to
make it look like it is. 16. You decide to cut and paste some informa-

A. True tion from a website into your school report.
What is this called?
B. False
A. Copyright violation
C. Sometimes true
D. Sometimes false B. plagiarism
C. being smart
12. What is your digital footprint?
A. The shape of your foot D. breaking the law
B. Taking a selfie of your shoes 17. What is a citation?
C. all the information online about a per-
A. The exclusive legal right, given to an
son, either posted by that person or oth-
originator or an assignee to print, publish,
ers
perform, fild, or record work
D. Having a blog
B. To present the words and ideas of
13. You can attribute your research paper by someone else as your own, without giving
using credit
A. Footnotes C. A reference to an author of a given
B. Endnotes work that can include name, title, page
number, and date.
C. None
D. Both Footnotes and Endnotes D. To re-work the ideas, words, phrases,
and sentence structures of others and
14. For an individual class assignment, Chi and retell them in your own words
Juan decide to collaborate. Chi compiles re-
search notes, Juan identifies the main find- 18. Paraphrasing properly is to:
ings, and both write their own original re-
A. summarize the text in your own words
search papers. Is this:
and cite it
A. Unethical collaboration
B. Use only the idea without citing it
B. Plagiarism
C. Put quotation marks around the text
C. Unethical collaboration and plagiarism
and cite it
D. Acceptable collaboration D. Change a few words to make it your

own and cite it
15. Which of the following is a form of plagia-
rism? 19. To paraphrase information in a research
A. Submitting your own paper to multiple paper means to
teachers A. phrase a paragraph.
B. Changing just a word or two when B. restate or reword an idea or a quote.
paraphrasing
C. change the meaning of a word.
C. Copying and pasting without quotation
marks and citations D. remix a song.

20. What can you do to avoid plagiarism? 25. Does the following sentence need to be
A. Reference and rephrase others work cited? THE OPENING CEREMONY OF THE
OLYMPIC GAMES STARTED FRIDAY AND
B. Cite your source at the end of a sen- OVER 31 MILLION PEOPLE WATCHED.
tence
A. Yes
C. Use quotation marks
B. No
D. All of the above
C. I don’t know
NARAYAN CHANGDER
21. The purpose of a copyright is to D. none of above
A. allow others to use a creative work
26. What is ‘Fair Use’.
B. protect a person’s creative work
A. How you use information online giving
C. make it easier for others to share credit to sources, not using copyrighted
D. allow others to download or copy material
22. Which of the following is a good reason to B. Anyone can use it as long as it is online
avoid plagiarism?
A. You could get a zero on your paper. C. You can copy what you want as long as
you use quotes
B. Your teacher will be disappointed in
you. D. Not copying work when it is free
C. It’s not ethical to steal someone else’s 27. Rewording someone else’s ideas, which is
words or ideas. called paraphrasing, can also be plagiarism
D. All of the above if you do not give them credit for these
ideas.
23. Use the sample thesaurus page to com- A. True
plete the table with the information
needed. READY-synonym: ; antonym: B. False
C. Neither
A. READY-synonym:prepared ; antonym:unready D. Both
28. Which of these DOES NOT need to be

B. READY-synonym:far away ; antonym:close cited?
A. Research from the Internet
C. READY-synonym:easygoing ; antonym:tense
B. Your interpretation of a quote
D. READY-synonym:dispute ; antonym:submit C. Statements from an interview/review

D. Details from a documentary
24. A good way to paraphrase is to
A. use a thesaurus and just change a cou- 29. Look at this thesaurus entry:
ple of words A. the result of a game
B. copy the text word for word B. directions to your house
C. read the text, look away, and ask your- C. the ending to a story you already know
self what you learned
D. none of the above D. none of above

30. What is a direct quote? C. .org

A. Word-for-word (verbatim) use of the D. none of the above

text to maintain the original effect of the
35. Say you found two papers about the same
author’s words.
research:Paper A is the original finding;
B. Widely-known facts and information Paper B is an analysis that references Pa-
that can be found in multiple resources. per A. You use a section of the analysis
C. A longer version of someone else’s from Paper B. Which paper do you cite?
word in your own words that maintains the A. Paper A
same level of detail as the original author.
B. Paper B
C. Both
D. A a shorter version of someone else’s
work. D. none of above
36. What is creative commons?
31. You must cite your source when you do
which of the following A. An Attribution that lets you use mate-
rial online by certain licenses
A. Quoting
B. An artist community of painters
B. Summarizing
C. Any place online that you can meet and
C. Paraphrasing collaborate
D. All of these D. A website for blogging
32. The consequences of plagiarism may in- 37. Which of the following is an acceptable
clude website to PRE-research a topic but not ac-
A. Failing the assignment ceptable as a cited source in the paper?
B. Getting in trouble with principals A. NewYorkTimes.com
C. Having to redo the whole assignment B. WashingtonPost.com
D. All of these things could happen! C. wikipedia.org
D. WhiteHouse.gov
33. Which of these is NOT plagiarism?
38. You do not have to cite ALL sources that
A. Turning in a Wikipedia article as your
you use.
own work.
A. True
B. Quoting a sentence from an article and
giving credit to the author. B. False
C. Copying a paragraph but moving the C. Neither
sentences around. D. Both
D. Using parts of an article without telling 39. Being allowed to use a copyrighted work
who the author is. for educational purposes is called ?
34. Which of these are ALWAYS considered re- A. eminent domain
liable B. public domain
A. .com C. infringement
B. .edu D. fair use

10.7 Seminars and Conferences 412
40. Plagiarism includes all of the following ex- B. Lots of shared content that I can share
cept with others
A. Keeping any of the same vocabulary C. That most of it is chunk, so why bother
without quotations, even if cited.
B. Copying a sentence word-for-word, D. With healthy skepticism applying the
putting it in quotation marks, and citing evaluating websites techniques
the information.
42. Plagiarism occurs when a writer uses
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Not using any of your own ideas. someone else’s language, ideas, or other
D. Inaccurately misrepresenting the au- original material without correctly ac-
thor’s intentions. knowledging its source.
A. True
41. How should you view the Internet when
using information in research? B. False
A. That it is primarily trustworthy, so I’m C. Neither

ok D. Both
10.7 Seminars and Conferences

1. What is the right definition of seminar? A. It is a large, formal meeting at which
A. It is an occasion when a teacher or ex- there are groups of talks on a particular
pert and a group of people meet to study subject, or a small, private meeting for dis-
and discuss something cussion of a particular matter
B. It is a gathering of a small people for B. It is a gathering of a small people for
discussion discussion
C. It is a formal academic forum that C. It is a formal academic forum that
brings together a group of participants brings together a group of participants
who are taught about a specific subject. who are taught about a specific subject.
D. 1 and 2 D. It is one of the teaching methods used
widely in a higher education setting.
2. What is the role of President or Con-
venor? 4. What is the first step of conducting a sem-
inar?
A. Planning and executing the functions
of seminar A. Planning
B. To plan and prepare the total func- B. Setting the purpose
tionaries. C. Finding the speaker
C. To hold the complete responsibility of D. Analysing
the whole technical session.
5. How many types of seminar?
D. To prepare an article or paper about
the theme or sub-theme of the seminar A. 2
to read and discuss in the seminar con- B. 3
cerned. C. 4
3. What is the meaning of conference? D. 5

10.8 Impact factor of a journal 413
10.8 Impact factor of a journal

1. Journal level metrics brought out by Sco- 3. Impact Factor is a measure of
pus A. Performance of article
A. SJR
B. Performance of Journal
B. Impact Factor
C. Performance of author
C. CiteScore
D. none of above
D. none of above
2. The most popular author level metrics is 4. JCR is published by
A. Impact Factor A. Elsevier Scopus

B. H-Index B. Clarivate Analytics
C. i10-Index C. Google Scholar
10.9 Formatting of reference

1. Which of the following is the correct for- D. none of above
mat to cite a chapter in a book?
2. What is incorrect in the follow-
A. Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, ing APA style referencing, Oil
R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. London, painting. (2019). Wikipedia.
England:My Publisher https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oil
B. Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., Coyne, R.P. painting
(2017). A guide to citation. London, Eng- A. Month and date
land:My Publisher
B. Italic case
C. Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne,
R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. My Pub- C. ‘In’ missing
lisher D. All of the above
10.10 APA Style of Referencing

1. You are referencing a website, which part A. Volume No. (Issue No.) Pages No.
of the reference should be in italics?
B. Volume No., Issue No., Pages No.
A. author/sponsor/organisation
C. (Volume No.) Issue No., Pages No.
B. website address
D. Volume No., Issue No. (Pages No.)
C. year
D. title of website 3. Which of the following is properly cited?
A. Researchers discovered graduate stu-
2. When citing a journal article, what is the
dents dislike writing.
format for the volume, issue, and pages
number? B. Graduate students dislike writing (Tru-

10.10 APA Style of Referencing 414
jillo, 2012). C. Spelling out authors’ first names.

C. Graduate students dislike writing, ac- D. Including the publisher of a book and
cording to Ed Jones. the city the publisher is based in.
D. none of above
9. What is the correct in-text reference for-
4. What does the acronym APA stand for? mat for a direct quote?
A. Australian Philosophy Association A. Veit and Gould (2010) emphasise the
importance of ‘using your own words and
B. Associates of Philosophy Association
NARAYAN CHANGDER
your own style’ when paraphrasing.Veit &
C. American Psychological Association Gould (2010, p158) emphasise the impor-
D. none of above tance of ‘using your own words and your
own style’ when paraphrasing.
5. Which of the following quotes is cited cor-
rectly? B. Veit & Gould (2010, p158) emphasise
the importance of ‘using your own words
A. “Humor helps in difficult times.” and your own style’ when paraphrasing.
(Barry, 2005, p. 21).
C. Veit and Gould (2010) emphasise the
B. Barry (2005) said, “Humor helps in dif- importance of “using your own words and
ficult times” (p. 21). your own style” (p. 158) when paraphras-
C. Barry (2005) noted, “Humor helps in ing.
difficult times.” D. Veit and Gould, page 158, emphasise
D. none of above the importance of ‘using your own words
and your own style’ when paraphrasing.
6. What is APA Writing Style?
A. A software program that writes essays 10. Which font size should you normally use in
for you. your essay according to APA?
B. An Apple writing app A. 10
C. a formal structure for writing research B. 11
papers C. 12
D. none of above D. 14
7. Each paragraph is at the beginning.
11. If you were citing a website with an
A. right aligned author without a publication date, what
B. centered would be the proper citation format?
C. indented A. Kraizer, S. (2011). Safety
on the Internet. Retrieved from
D. single spaced
http://safechild.org/categoryparents/safety-
8. In reference lists, APA style calls for doing on-the-internet/
only one of the following. Which one? B. Krazier, Stephanie. (2011). Safety
A. Abbreviating the the month for when on the Internet. Retrieved from
you retrieved items. http://safechild.org/categoryparents/safety-
B. Capitalizing All Words (but Not the Re- on-the-internet/
ally Short Words) Like This in Article Titles. C. Krazier, S. (n. d.). Safety
on the Internet. Retrieved from

http://safechild.org/categoryparents/safety- 17. The references at the end of your paper

on-the-internet/ should appear

D. none of above A. in alphabetical order by authors’ sur-
name or by title (if there is no author), re-
12. A DOI (digital object identifier) number
gardless of type of reference (book, film
should be used in the citation on the ref-
journal article, website, etc.).
erence page when referencing a
A. source found in the electronic B. under separate subheadings accord-
databases ing to type of source.
B. newspaper or magazine article C. first under those with authors, then
C. book those without.
D. website D. numbered in the order in which they

appear.
13. What is the proper format for numbering
the pages? 18. If the article or book doesn’t have an au-
A. “Page #” thor, what will be the format?
B. “#” (Number only) A. Book/article’s title. (Date). Source
C. “Your last name #”
B. (Date). Book/Article’s title.
D. “Number 1” Source
14. You are referencing a website, which part C. (Date). Book/Article’s title. Source
of the reference goes first?
A. author/sponsor/organisation
B. title of website 19. Which of the following is acceptable for
C. website address not having an APA citation following a key
fact?
D. year
A. It’s in the public domain.
15. When you paraphrase, you are using some-
one’s ideas, and not their exact words. Do B. It’s from another paper you wrote ear-
you still need to cite your source? lier in this class.
A. yes C. It’s common knowledge.
B. no D. It’s in the paper’s reference list.
C. only sometimes
D. none of above 20. If your source of information has three au-
thors, how many do you include in your
16. What is the correct author and year format reference page?
for a journal article in a reference list?
A. One
A. Brill, J. B. (2011).
B. Two
B. Brill, JB, (2011).
C. Brill, J. B. 2011. C. Three
D. John Brill, 2011. D. None of the above

21. Which of these would need to be cited in a A. (The title of the resource, year, p. X)
paper: B. No citation is necessary
A. Snapchat is an app popular with C. (Anonymous, year, p. X)
teenagers.
D. none of above
B. Facebook is a website designed to help
keep people in touch. 26. What kind of spacing should a paper in
APA Format contain?
C. Instagram was launched in 2010 by
A. Single
NARAYAN CHANGDER
Kevin Systrom.
D. Twitter only allows you to type 140 B. Double
characters per tweet. C. 1.5
D. Multiple
22. What is the correct format for citing a
chapter in a book? 27. Why do you think you should learn APA
A. Book’s title. Author. Chapter title. Writing Style?
(Date). Source A. APA is the universal writing format
B. Chapter title. In Book’s title. (Date). used in high school and college
Author. Source B. APA writing style will land me a great
job
C. Author. (Date). Chapter title. In
Book’s title. Source C. APA will not be taught in high school or
college
D. none of above
23. What is the correct format for citing a web-
page or website? 28. What is the basic format for the reference
page?
A. Author. (Date). Article’s title. Web-
A. Title. (Publication Date). Author.
site’s title. Retrieved from URL
B. Author. (Publication Date). Title.
B. Author. (Date). Article’s title. Web-
site’s title. Retrieved from URL C. Author. Title. (Publication Date).
C. Author. (Date). Article’s title. Web- D. none of above
site’s title. Retrieved from URL 29. Which of the following has the correct for-
D. None of the above mat for writing the date?
A. (22 September 2020)
24. Which of the following does Not need to
be cited. B. (September 22, 2020)
A. exact words of an author C. (2020, September 22)
B. Purchased music, lyrics, and videos D. (Sept 22, 2020)
C. Pictures, graphs, and photos found on 30. What should I do if there is no author for
the Internet my article?
D. Your own words and ideas A. Start my citation with:No Author
B. Make one up
25. If the cited resource doesn’t have an iden-
tified author . what information should be C. Start my citation with the article title
provided in the in-text citation? D. Look harder

31. Which of the following does NOT need to 35. What information shouldshould be in-
be cited in a paper: cluded in an in-text citation in APA for-
mat?

A. Direct quote
A. Author’s last name
B. An unoriginal idea
B. Date of publication
C. An original idea
C. Author’s last name and date of publica-
D. Common knowledge
tion
32. Which of the following is cited correctly? D. Author’s last name, date of publication,
A. Teachers checked Facebook on prep and title of article.
(New & Seinfeld, 2003).
36. Austin, J. H. (1998). Zen and the
B. New and Seinfeld reported teachers brain:Toward an understanding of med-
checked Facebook on prep. itation and consciousness. Cambridge,
C. New & Seinfeld (2003) found teachers MA:MIT Press.What type of citation is
check Facebook on prep. this?
D. none of above A. book chapter

B. book
33. Select the reference example that has the
correct format for APA style. C. journal
A. Gu, Q., & Brooks, J. (2008). Beyond D. website

the Accusation of Plagiarism. System:An 37. If the cited resource doesn’t provide a pub-
International Journal of Educational Tech- lication date, which of the following op-
nology, 36(3) 337-352. tions is correct?
B. Gu, Qing, & Brooks, Jane (2008). Be- A. No citation is necessary
yond the Accusation of Plagiarism. Sys-
tem:An International Journal of Educa- B. (Last name, no date, p. X)
tional Technology, 36(3) 337-352. C. (Last name, n.d., p. X)
C. Gu, Q., Brooks, J. (2008). Beyond the D. none of above
Accusation of Plagiarism. System:An In-
ternational Journal of Educational Tech- 38. How is the Reference List arranged?
nology, 36(3) 337-352. A. Alphabetically, by title of the work
D. none of above B. Alphabetically, by the author’s first
name
34. Which of these entries would be appropri-
ate for the reference section? C. Alphabetically, by the author’s last
name
A. Smith (2019, November 10). Every-
thing should be illegal.Time 156(21). 70- D. By publication year
71.
39. Which in-text citation is correct in APA?
B. Smith (2021). Everything should be Il-
A. He writes, “We forgive for ourselves”
legal. Time 70-71.
(Tutu, 2014, p. 16).
C. Smith (2019). Time B. He writes, “We forgive for ourselves”
D. Smith (Tutu 16).

C. Tutu writes, “We forgive for our- C. Uploader’s name. (Date). Title of the
selves” (16). video [Video]. YouTube. URL
D. The author writes (2014), “We forgive D. Uploader’s name. (Date). Title of the
for ourselves” (p. 16). video. URL
40. Which of the following is CORRECT? 44. What font size is required in APA format-
ting?
A. Social relationships are subjected to
the process of change because of the laws A. 10
NARAYAN CHANGDER
of evolution (Coser, 1977). B. 11
B. Social relationships are subjected to C. 12
the process of change because of the laws D. 14
of evolution (Coser 1977).
45. In APA referencing what does the abbrevi-
C. Social relationships are subjected to
ation pp. stand for?
the process of change because of the laws
of evolution Coser 1977 A. page
D. none of above B. pages
C. paragraph
41. You use a quotation from a book in your
assignment. How would you write the in- D. paper
text citation? 46. The margins in APA essays should be what
A. author, page number size?
B. author, title A. .5”
C. author, year B. 1”
D. author, year, page number C. 1.5”
D. 2”
42. Which of the following citations is cor-
rect? 47. APA Style stands for
A. the library with the revolver (Scarlet, A. American Publicizing Association (APA)
2009; Plum, 2008). Style
B. the library with the revolver (Plum, B. American Psychological Association
2008, Scarlet, 2009). (APA) Style
C. the library with the revolver (White, C. American Publishing Association (APA)
2007; Mustard, 2008). Style
D. the library with the revolver (Plum, D. American Periodical Association (APA)
2008; Scarlet, 2009). Style
48. Illegal use of someone’s work without
43. What is the correct format for citing a
proper citations.
YouTube video?
A. Plagiarising
A. Uploader’s name. (Date). Title of the
video. YouTube. URL B. Cheating
B. Uploader’s name. Date. Title of the C. Citing
video. URL D. Referencing

49. How is the Reference page arranged? 54. How do you organise the reference list ac-
A. Alphabetically, by title of the work cording to APA style?

A. By Chronology (Year)
B. Alphabetically, by the author’s first
name B. By Alphabetical ordering of Authors
C. Alphabetically, by the author’s last C. By Titles
name D. By Publisher’s Name
D. By publication year
55. What does it mean to paraphrase?
50. What is the spacing number for APA for- A. Paying someone else to write your es-
mat? say.
A. 1 B. Using someone else’s words verbatim
B. 1.5 in your essay.
C. 2 C. Copying and pasting someone else’s

work.
D. multiple
D. To put someone else’s ideas into your
51. What is the correct format for citing a jour- own words.
nal article?
56. What does APA stand for?
A. Author. (Date). Article’s title. Jour-
A. American Psychological Association
nal’s title, Vol (Issue) Pages. URL/DOI
B. Aimless People Arguing
B. Author. (Date). Article’s title. Jour-
nal’s title, Vol (Issue) Pages. URL/DOI C. American Physiological Association
C. Author. (Date). Article’s title. Jour- D. American Pioneers Artwork
nal’s title, Vol, Issue, Pages. URL/DOI
57. What is the appropriate font size for
D. None of the above APA?
52. Where should the reference list be placed A. 10
in an essay? B. 11
A. At the beginning of an essay C. 12
B. At the end of an essay, after the appen- D. 14
dices
58. Blass, E. M. (1997). Interactions be-
C. At the end of an essay, before the ap- tween contact and chemosensory mech-
pendices anisms in pain modulation in 10-day-
D. none of above old rats. Behavioral Neuroscience,
111, 147-154. doi:10.1037/0735-
53. What is a references page? 7044.111.1.147What type of citation is
A. A list of every source that is used in a this?
paper A. Book chapter
B. It is the same as an in-text citation. B. Book
C. The title page. C. Journal
D. It is another name for the appendix. D. Website

59. In the reference list, “n.d” means. 63. Which of the following would be correct
A. The article has no publication date. when citing multiple sources in one sen-
tence?
B. The writer does has no degree from a
college or university. A. (Sawyer, 2017; Ziltz, 2012; Jones,
2010; Glover, 2005)
C. New data is included since the article
was first published. B. (Glover, 2005; Jones, 2010; Ziltz,
2012; Sawyer, 2017)
D. There is no DOI.
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. (Glover, 2005; Jones, 2010; Sawyer,
60. What is needed to cite a direct quote 2017; Ziltz, 2012)
(fewer than 40 words) correctly? D. (Ziltz, 2012; Sawyer, 2017; Jones,
A. Page or paragraph number of the 2010; Glover, 2005)
source quoted in parentheses
64. When you , you are using someone’s
B. Author’s last name and year of publica-
exact words, and you must use quotation
tion without quotation marks but in paren-
marks.
theses
A. borrow
C. Author’s name, year of publication,
page or paragraph number of the source B. plagiarize
quoted and the direct quote is enclosed in C. quote
double quotation marks
D. paraphrase
D. none of above
65. In APA style the list of references should
61. What are two parts of APA style? be in order by:
A. Citation and the reference list A. No particular order
B. direct quote and paraphrasing B. Alphabetical by first author’s last
C. Author names and year of publication name
D. Given Name and Surname of authors C. Alphabetical by title
62. Which of the following is the correct in- D. Chronological by date of publication
text citation for APA?
66. There are more than three authors of an
A. This phenomenon is best referred to article. What is the rule for writing more
as a “cumulative collaboration of evi- than three authors?
dence” (Pepper, 1961, p. 49).
A. lead author’s name, comma, etc.
B. This phenomenon is best referred to
B. lead author’s name, comma, n.d.
as a “cumulative collaboration of evi-
dence” (Dr. Pepper, 1961). C. lead author’s name, comma, ed.
C. This phenomenon is best referred to D. lead author’s name, comma, et al.
as a “cumulative collaboration of evi-
dence” (Pepper, Evidence is Life 1961, p. 67. According to APA format, the list of ref-
49). erences which appear at the end of your
paper is called:
D. This phenomenon is best referred to
as a “cumulative collaboration of evi- A. Bibliography
dence” (CITATION Ste19 ł1033). B. Work Cited

C. References 72. Select the correct usage of in-text citation

in APA style.
D. List of references

A. Experienced listeners are better able
68. What is the correct reference format for a to comprehend accented speech (Susan
web document? Gass and Evangeline Varonis).
A. What is holistic medicine? 2012. Re- B. Experienced listeners are better able
to comprehend accented speech (Gass
trieved from http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.html
and Varonis).
B. Gold, M. (2012). What is holistic C. Experienced listeners are better able
medicine? http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.htmlto comprehend accented speech (Gass
and Varonis, 1984).
C. Martin Gold. (2012). What is holistic D. Experienced listeners are better able
medicine? http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.htmlto comprehend accented speech (Gass
and Varonis 1984).
D. Gold, M 2012, What is holis- 73. Do I need to reference a quotation if I put
tic medicine?, viewed 30 July 2014, it in my own words or paraphrase it?
http://www.holisticmed.com/whatis.html. A. No, this is a paraphrase and it doesn’t
need a citation.
69. Ickes, W. (Ed.). (1998). Empathic accu-
racy. New York, NY:Guilford Press.Which B. Yes, but you should only include an in-
one is the publisher’s name? text citation. Paraphrases do not need to
be referenced fully, so there is no need to
A. Empathic accuracy include the source in the reference list.
B. Guilford Press C. Yes. As a paraphrase, you must ac-
C. New York, NY knowledge the original source by insert-
ing an in-text citation and include the full
D. Ickles, W.
reference in your reference list to avoid
70. When should you use in-text citations accusations of plagiarism.
within your paper? D. none of above
A. At the end of each page 74. What do we do if a resource has NO date
B. At the end of each paragraph of publication?
C. Whenever information has come from A. Put (n.d.)

another source B. Put (date unavailable)
D. none of above C. Put (NA)
D. Put (Unpublished)
71. Which of the following fonts are accept-
able for an APA formatted paper? 75. If you don’t have an author to cite, what
A. Times New Roman do you do for an in-text citation?
A. use the title of the article, and PUT IT
B. Arial
IN ALL CAPS
C. Comic Sans
B. use the title of the article instead, and
D. Both Times New Roman and Arial put it in quotes

10.11 Thesis writing 422
C. use the URL A. Simon

D. just skip it and do nothing B. Cornwall
76. If the name of the author is Simon K. Corn- C. S. Cornwall

wall, how do you cite it in-text? D. Cornwall, S. K.
10.11 Thesis writing
NARAYAN CHANGDER
1. Where should a thesis statement appear? 6. Why is your thesis statement so impor-
A. first paragraph tant?
B. anywhere in the essay A. It introduces who you are as a writer

C. last paragraph B. It creates unity in your essay
D. the first sentence of every paragraph C. It lets the reader form their own opin-
ion
2. Claim + = thesis
D. none of above
A. opinion
B. reason 7. Which CLAIM is the strongest for the fol-
C. thesis lowing thesis statements?
D. paragraphs A. Violent video games are harmful for

young people to play.
3. What should you do if you can’t prove
B. Violent video games are harmful to
your thesis?
young people, and it should be stopped.
A. Brainstorm other reasons that you
C. Violent video games are harmful for
might be able to prove
young people to play because children can
B. Change your examples become desensitized to death.
C. Quit writing D. Violent video games are harmful for
D. Not include your thesis in your essay young people because they should be
reading a book.
4. What is the first part of creating a thesis
statement? 8. Pick the best thesis statement.
A. Rewrite the prompt as a question A. The relationship between the feminist
B. List 3 facts. movement and the use of sexist language
C. Combine your answer & reasons.
D. none of above B. What is the relationship between the
feminist movement and the use of sexist
5. A thesis statement is NOT language?
A. concise C. By raising public awareness of care-
B. disputable less language habits and changing the im-
age of women, the feminist movement has
C. coherent helped to bring about a decline in the use
D. generalized of sexist language.

10.11 Thesis writing 423
D. The feminist movement is largely re- 13. Which of the following is the strongest the-
sponsible for the decline of sexist lan- sis statement?
guage.

A. Friendship is cool.
9. Which of the following is a strong thesis B. It is important to have a good friend be-
statement? cause they’ll be the ones who will be with
you when you take your last breath in the
A. I would like to become a chef when I
end.
finish school because I like to cook.
C. Friends are the most important people
B. Although both chefs and cooks can pre-
in your life.
pare fine meals, chefs differ from cooks in
education, professional commitment, and D. Having friends is important.
artistry.
14. “Cost of Living” is not a good thesis state-
C. Both chefs and cooks prepare meals ment because:
but are different in several ways.
A. It is too wordy.
D. A career in the culinary arts is a good B. It is too general.
choice for many reasons.
C. It contains a title.
10. Which is correct about a thesis statements D. It contains a fact.
location?
A. They are always the first sentence of 15. Which of the following is a major compo-
the essay nent of any thesis?
A. making a claim
B. It should go at the end of the first para-
graph B. providing an amusing anecdote
C. It should be repeated at the start of C. being at least three sentences
every paragraph D. only providing facts
D. Thesis statements make the most im-
16. What formula should you use when you
pact in the 3rd paragraph of a 5 paragraph
write your thesis statement?
essay
A. What + Why
11. In a five paragraph essay, how many key B. When + Where
points should be included in the thesis?
C. Why + What
A. 1
D. Whatever I feel like.
B. 5
17. Which is the better thesis statement?
C. 4
A. Lebron James’ ability to score, pass,
D. 3
and rebound make him the league’s most
12. Before choosing a position or side, you valuable player.
should B. Lebron James’ ability to score, pass,
A. develop a thesis and rebound just might make him the
league’s most valuable player.
B. write the introduction
C. Does Lebron James’ ability to score,
C. consider all the evidence pass, and rebound make him the league’s
D. none of above most valuable player?

10.12 Citation Styles 424
D. none of above 20. Which of the following is a major compo-

nent of any thesis in an argumentative es-
18. What should you avoid in your thesis say?
statement?
A. making a claim/picking a side
A. Facts B. providing an amusing anecdote
B. Picking a side C. being at least three sentences
C. Using “I” or “me” or “my” D. only providing facts
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above 21. A thesis should never
19. Which of the following makes the best the- A. ask a question
sis statement? B. give two reasons
A. Even though marriage is a strong and C. state your opinion
respected institution in Russia, more and D. be short and to the point
more people are choosing to live to-
gether before marriage, despite the cul- 22. Which would be appropriate in a thesis
tural pressures. statement?
B. I am going to explain why many cou- A. “In this paper I’m going to tell you
ples in Russia are choosing to live to- about “
gether rather than get married. B. “I think that
C. Marriage in Russia C. “In my opinion “
D. none of above D. “The future of education is “
10.12 Citation Styles

1. Find the mistake:According to Jones, the B. Author’s name and date of publication
“main reason for war is religion” (1998,
p.199)
C. Author’s name, date of publication and
A. You must include “Jones” in the paren- page number.
thesis D. Your name
B. The year of publication should come af-
ter “Jones” 3. Source citations are included at the bottom
of the paper on what is known in MLA as
C. You do not need to include the page the page.
number
A. Bibliography
D. The author’s name should be in square
brackets B. Sources
C. Works Cited
2. When you are quoting directing from a
source, what information do you need to D. Bibliography
include in the text?
4. Author:John Dawson and Rob Lu-
A. Author’s name casBook Title:Lifestyles of New

Zealand Forest PlantsYear Pub- 8. What is common knowledge?

lished:1993Publisher:Victoria University
A. Knowledge that the average person
PressIn the given information of the book,

would know without having to look it up.
what will be the correct format if we will
use APA Style in referencing?
B. Knowledge that you would only know if
A. Dawson, John & Lucas, Rob (1993). you are in college.
Lifestyles of New Zealand Forest Plants.
Victoria University Press C. Information that most people DO NOT
know.
B. Dawson, J., and Lucas, R. (1993).
Lifestyles of New Zealand forest plants. D. none of above
Victoria University Press
9. which among the ff discipline under the
C. Dawson, J., & Lucas, R. (1993). APA format is included?
Lifestyles of New Zealand forest plants.
Victoria University Press A. Business Management
B. Engineering
D. none of above
C. Humanities
5. What is the proper format for a narrative
D. Health Sciences
in-text citation in MLA Style?
A. (Soriano, 2020) 10. What happens if there are more than two
author for the source?
B. (Soriano, 218)
A. mention all their last names
C. Soriano (218).
B. mention only the first author
D. none of above
C. only the author whose last name is the
6. You put your in-text citation inside of earliest in alphabetical order
A. “quotation marks” D. mention the first author, followed by
“et al.”
B. (parentheses)
C. [brackets] 11. In-text citations appear where in the pa-
per?
D. $dollar signs$
A. at the end
7. Which is a correct in text citation for and
B. throughout
article titled The world is melting. written
by Jane Brown in the Journal of Science C. at the beginning
Volume 129 Issue 8, pages 3420+ D. nowhere
A. Jane Brown. The World is Melting.
Journal of Science 129(8) 12. The and page number are included in
an in-text citation.
B. Brown, J. (2019). The world is melting.
Journal of science pg 3420+ A. author’s last name
C. Brown, J. (2019). The world is melting. B. author’s first name

Journal of Science 129(8). 3420+ C. URL
D. Brown the world is melting. D. publication date

13. Author:Rick WarrenBook Title:Purpose C. (n.d.)

Driven Life:What on Earth am I here D. none of above
forYear Published:2002Publisher:ZondervanIn
the given information of the book, what 18. Which of these in-text citations is format-
will be the correct format if we will use ted correctly?
MLA Style in referencing? A. (Roth 179)
A. Warren, Rick. Purpose Driven B. (Oats, 35)
Life:What on Earth am I here for. Zon-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
dervan, 2002. C. “To Kill a Mockingbird 23”
B. Warren, R. (2002). Purpose Driven D. [Romeo and Juliet 125]
Life:What on Earth am I here for. Zonder-
19. What happens if the source doesn’t have
van.
a page number?
C. Warren, R. Purpose driven life:What
A. use only the author’s name
on earth am I here for. Zondervan. 2002
B. create your own section and use it as
D. none of above
a page number
14. Why do we cite our sources? C. don’t cite the source
A. To get an A on our assignment D. use the website name
B. To show our reader where we got our
20. When do you use “quotion marks?”
information
A. When you use a direct quote from the
C. To use quotation marks
author.
D. To write our topic sentence
B. When you write the author’s idea but
15. Sapolsky, R. (2017). Behave:The biology use your own words.
of humans at our best and worst. Pen- C. When you write your own idea.
guin Books.What referencing style is used
D. When you aren’t sure who wrote it.
in the given?
A. APA Style 21. What is the minimum number of authors
required in order to use “et al” in sub-
B. Chicago Style
sequent in-text citation in a paper? And
C. MLA Style what does “et al” stand for?
D. none of above A. Three authors; “at all”
16. MLA stands for B. Three authors; “and others”
A. Modern Language Association C. Three authors; “all but”
B. Mental Liability Alternatives D. Five authors; “and others”
C. Modern Laboratory Answers 22. What are the basic elements every citation
D. Max Loves Anna contains?
17. In APA Style, if the year is unknown, you A. URL

will use in the in-text citation. B. Author, Editor, Source Type.
A. (nd.) C. Author, Title, Date, Location/URL.
B. (n.d). D. Title, City.

23. A quotation from of reference to a book, B. Should be ‘response’ instead of ‘re-

paper, or author, especially in a scholarly sponded’
work.

C. months missing from parenthetical ref-
A. Glossary erence
B. Citation D. Nothing wrong
C. Architecture 28. What is the proper in-text citation APA
D. Copyright format if the source has 3 authors?
A. (Galang et al., 2021)
24. The doctrine that says copyright material
may, under certain circumstances, be used B. (Galang, Montano & Valdez, 2021)
for purposes such as criticism, news re- C. (Galang, Montano, et al. 2021)
porting, teaching, and research, without D. none of above
the need for permission from or payment
to the copyright holder. 29. What is an example of deliberate plagia-
A. Fair Use rism?
A. Buying or downloading a paper that
B. Free Game
someone else has written and passing it
C. Doctrine off as your own.
D. Bibliography B. Writing in your diary.
25. What do you include in an in-text cita- C. Brainstorming Ideas
tion? D. Buying the same shirt as your friend.
A. author’s last name and page number 30. Sapolsky, R. (2017). Behave:The biology
B. book title and page number of humans at our best and worst. Penguin
Books.“Penguin Books” refers to the
C. author’s last name and book title
of the book.
D. author’s first and last name
A. Place of the Publisher
26. Jackson, L. (2019). The Psychology of B. Publisher
Prejudice:From Attitudes to Social Action C. Website
(2nd ed.). American Psychological Asso-
ciation. If this reference uses APA style, D. none of above
what is wrong in the given reference? 31. According to APA, how large should the
A. Jackson, L. (2019). hanging indent be from the left margin?
B. The Psychology of Prejudice:From Atti- A. 12 inches (approximately)
tudes to Social Action (2nd ed.). B. 1/2 inch (approximately)
C. American Psychological Association. C. 1/4 inch (approximately)
D. none of above D. 1/76th of an inch (approximately)
27. Find the mistake:Sneed (1990) responded, 32. ) Which among the following is not in-
“I was born in a desert, raised in a lion’s cluded on the 8th edition core elements of
den” (p. 7). the MLA Format?
A. No “p.” before “7” A. VERSION

10.13 Chicago Style 428
B. FIRST AND LAST NAME OF THE AU- B. BG

THOR/S C. B
C. LAST NAME OF THE AUTHORS D. BB
D. PUBLISHING DATE
37. Which of the following is a correct in-text
33. The primary reason to cite your sources is citation?
to avoid what?
A. [Jones, p. 5)
A. A lawsuit
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. (Jones, 1998, p 199)
B. Plagiarism
C. (Jones, p. 199, 1998)
C. A failing grade
D. (Jones, 1998, p. 199)
D. Confusion
38. ) Which among the following disciplines un-
34. Author:Rick WarrenBook Title:Purpose der the MLA Citation is not included?
Driven ChurchYear Published:1995Publisher:ZondervanIn
the given information of the book, what A. CULTURAL STUDIES
will be the correct format if we will use B. LITERARY CRITICISM
APA Style 7th Edition in referencing?
C. SOCIAL SCIENCES
A. Warren, R. (1995). Purpose Driven
D. ENGLISH STUDIES
Church. Zondervan.
B. Warren, R. (1995). Purpose driven 39. The practice of taking someone else’s work
church. Zondervan. or ideas and passing them off as one’s
C. Warren, R. (1995.) Purpose driven own.
church. Zondervan. A. Citation
D. none of above B. Bibliography
35. Another term use in referring Chicago Man- C. Plagiarism
ual Style. D. Newton’s Law
A. Turabian Style
40. Which is the correct heading for the page
B. Modern Language Association Style where you give credit to authors whose
C. American Psychological Association work you used in an APA formatted pa-
Style per?
D. none of above A. References
36. ) Bibliography entry are indicated of what B. Works Cited

letter/s? C. Bibliography
A. BC D. Sources
10.13 Chicago Style

1. What is the difference between a Works MLA, whereas Bibliography refers to cita-
Cited page and a Bibliography page? tion pages in Chicago style.
A. Works Cited refers to citation pages in B. There is no difference between them;

an author can choose either label. B. The publisher of the work

C. Bibliography refers to citation pages in C. the year the work was published in

MLA, whereas Works Cited refers to cita- D. The edition number ed. of the work
tion pages in Chicago style.
5. In a bibliography, what is the format for
D. Works Cited pages are always single-
an eBook?
spaced, whereas Bibliography pages are
always double-spaced. A. Author I’s Last Name, Author 1’s First
Name, Author 2’s Full Name, Author 3’s
2. In Notes, what is the format for an Full Name, and Author 4’s Full Name. Title.
eBook? Edition Number ed. City:Publisher, Year.
A. Author I’s Last Name, Author 1’s First B. Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title.
Name, Author 2’s Full Name, Author 3’s Edition Number ed. City:Publisher, Year.
Full Name, and Author 4’s Full Name. Title. doi/database name/PDF/Kindle/iBooks/URL.
Edition Number ed. City:Publisher, Year.
B. Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title. C. Author’s Full Name, “Title, “ in Ti-
Edition Number ed. City:Publisher, Year. tle of Anthology, ed. Editor’s Full Name
doi/database name/PDF/Kindle/iBooks/URL. (City:Publisher, Year), pages.
D. Author’s Full Name, Title, Edi-
C. Author’s Full Name, “Title, “ in Ti- tion Number ed. (City:Publisher,
tle of Anthology, ed. Editor’s Full Name Year), page numbers, doi/database
(City:Publisher, Year), pages. name/PDF/Kindle/iBooks/URL.
D. Author’s Full Name, Title, Edi- 6. If the author is an organization, insert its
tion Number ed. (City:Publisher, name in the place.
Year), page numbers, doi/database A. Author’s
name/PDF/Kindle/iBooks/URL.
B. Publisher’s
3. Citing the book of a single author. C. Title’s
A. Author’s Last Name, Author’s First D. Editor’s
Name. Title. Edition Number ed.
City:Publisher, Year. 7. If the author appears more than once in the
bibliography, use a(n) to avoid repeti-
B. Title. Edition Number ed.
tion.
City:Publisher, Year.
A. 3-Underscore ( ).
C. Editor’s name:Last Name, First
Name, ed. Title. Edition Number ed. B. 3-em dash ( ).
City:Publisher, Year. C. double ellipses (. . . . . .).
D. Author’s last name, first name. “Title D. Three spaced hyphens ( ).
of Article.” Name of Journal volume num-
8. In a bibliography, If a work has more
ber, issue number (year):page range, DOI
than ten authors, how does the citation
or URL.
change?
4. What does the bibliographic entry begin A. The entry has to list the first author fol-
with when the work does not have an au- lowed by et al.
thor? B. Only the initials of the authors should
A. The title of the work be used.

C. The authors are replaced by the title of 12. What is the format of a bibliographic cita-
the work tion with a work that has more than 10
D. The entry has to list the first seven au- authors?
thors followed by et al. A. Author I’s Last Name, Author 1’s First
Name, et al. Title. Edition Number ed.
9. In what order should sources in a bibliog- City:Publisher, Year.
raphy be arranged?
B. Author I’s Last Name, Author 1’s First
A. Alphabetically by author’s last name. Name, Author 2’s Full Name, Author 3’s
NARAYAN CHANGDER
B. Alphabetically by author’s first name. Full Name, and Author 4’s Full Name, et al.
Title. Edition Number ed. City:Publisher,
C. Chronologically by date of publication.
Year.
C. Author I’s Last Name, Author 1’s First
D. Chronologically by date of access. Name, Author 2’s Full Name, Author 3’s
10. What is the correct system for numbering Full Name, and Author 4’s Full Name, Au-
footnotes in a research paper? thor 5’s Full Name, Author 6’s Full Name,
Author 7’s Full Name, et al. Title. Edition
A. Each source has its own separate num- Number ed. City:Publisher, Year.
ber, and every time that source is used, it
gets the same footnote number. D. Title. Edition Number ed.
City:Publisher, Year.
B. Footnote numbers start over at 1 on
each new page of a research paper. 13. Which is an example of a eBook citation in
Note format?
C. Footnote numbers should immediately
begin with a parenthetical citation that in- A. Emily Dickinson, “I Started Early-Took
cludes the author’s last name and page My Dog, “ in Literature:An Introduc-
number. tion to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, ed.
X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia (New
D. Footnotes should be numbered in se- York:Longman, 2002), 1112.
quence throughout the entire essay.
B. Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Na-
11. Which is an example of a Note entry with tion:The Dark Side of the American Meal.
more than four authors.? Boston:Houghton Mifflin, 2001. ProQuest
A. Karen White, Beatriz Williams, and Ebrary.
Lauren Willig, The Forgotten Room (New C. Dickinson, Emily. “I Started Early-
York:Berkley, 2016) 244. Took My Dog, “ in Literature:An Intro-
duction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama,
B. Barry Eichengreen et al., The Korean
ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia (New
Economy:From a Miraculous Past to a Sus-
York:Longman, 2002), 1112.
tainable Future, (Cambridge:Harvard Uni-
versity Press, 2015) 187. D. Eric Schlosser, Fast Food Na-
tion:The Dark Side of American Meal
C. Eichengreen, Barry, Wonhyuk Lim,
(Boston:Houghton Mifflin, 2001), 88, Pro-
Yung Chul Park, and Dwight H. Perkins.
Quest Ebrary.
The Korean Economy:From a Miracu-
lous Past to Sustainable Future. Cam- 14. It is a citation and referencing style that
bridge:Harvard University Press, 2015. our Department adopted.
D. McCarthy, Cormac. No Country for Old A. APA (American Psychological Associa-
Men. New York:Vintage Books, 2005. tion)Style

10.14 Mendeley 431
B. MLA (Modern Language Association) A. Karen White, Beatriz Williams, and

Style Lauren Willig, The Forgotten Room (New
York:Berkley, 2016) 244.

C. Chicago Manual of Style
D. none of above B. Author’s Full Name, “Title of Page, “ Ti-
tle of Site, Owner or Sponsor of Site (If not
15. What is the difference between a works the same as site title), Publication Date,
cited page and a bibliography? URL.
A. Works cited refers to citations in MLA C. Eichengreen, Barry, Wonhyuk Lim,
format; bibliography refers to citations in Yung Chul Park, and Dwight H. Perkins.
Chicago format. The Korean Economy:From a Miracu-
B. Bibliography refers to citation pages lous Past to Sustainable Future. Cam-
in MLA; works cited refers to citations in bridge:Harvard University Press, 2015.
Chicago format. D. McCarthy, Cormac. No Country for Old
C. There is no difference between a Men. New York:Vintage Books, 2005.
works cited page and a bibliography.
18. In a bibliographic entry what should be
D. Works cited pages are always single- done if there are more than four authors?
spaced; bibliographies are always double-
A. List all the authors, regardless of num-
spaced.
ber.
16. What is the proper system for numbering B. After the first author, use et al.
footnotes in one’s paper?
C. List the first three authors then list use
A. Each source should have its own sepa- et al.
rate number, and each time you use that
D. Do not list the authors use the title of
source, you then use that footnote num-
work.
ber.
B. Footnote numbers should start over at 19. When a bibliographic entry has more than
1. each time your essay moves onto a new ten authors what should be done?
page. A. The bibliographic citation should list
C. All footnote numbers should immedi- the first author followed by et al.
ately be followed by a parenthetical cita- B. The bibliographic citation should list
tion that includes the author’s last name the first seven authors followed by et al.
and page number.
D. The footnotes should be numbered in C. The bibliographic citation should not
sequence on each page and throughout list the authors and simply list the title.
the entire essay.
D. The bibliographic citation should list
17. Which is an example of a bibliographic en- the the first author followed by an el-
try with more than four authors.? lipses.
10.14 Mendeley

10.14 Mendeley 432
1. The following CANNOT be done using C. Citation maker

Mendeley D. None of the above
A. Automatic generation of bibliography
6. What is a free reference manager and
B. Change of reference styles instanta- an academic social network that man-
neously ages your research, showcase your work
C. Purchase article from an unsubscribed and collaborate with over five million re-
journal searchers worldwide
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above A. Mendel
B. Mendeleyeev
2. Which of the following is not among the
publication information found in a book C. Mendeley
chapter? D. Mendeleev
A. Edition
7. Bhojwani, S.S. 2013. Plant tissue cul-
B. Title chapter ture:an introductory text. India:Springer
C. Volume and issue numbers India.This is a citation.
D. Page number A. Book
B. Book chapter
3. Which of the following is NOT true about
Citation Managers (Mendeley)? C. Journal
A. It create instant bibliographies D. Website
B. It format papers with in-text citations 8. Mendeley can be accessed through
and bibliographies A. Mendeley desktop
C. It creates personal citation database B. Web browser
of articles related to your topics
C. Mobile app
D. It shares your database only to you for
reference purposes D. All of the above
9. These referencing styles are used in Engi-
4. Secondary referencing is not recommended
neering, Information Technology, Medicine,
for academic writing UNLESSWhen the
Pharmacy and Science.
original work is out of print
A. Author-Date
A. Unavailable through usual sources
B. Numbered
B. Not available in English
C. Footnote
C. When the original work is out of print
D. None of the Above
D. All of above
10. It allows you to add article to your refer-
5. is a free reference manager and aca-
ence library directly from any supported
demic social network that can help you
website.
organize your research, collaborate with
others online, and discover the latest re- A. Citation plugin
search. B. Web importer
A. Mendeley C. Mendeley desktop
B. Turnitin D. Reference manager

10.14 Mendeley 433
11. A is a complete list of sources con- D. None of the above

sulted about a topic, but not necessarily
cited in your work. 13. It can help you organize your research, col-

laborate with others online, and discover
A. Reference list
the latest research.
B. Bibliography
A. Developer community
C. Citation
B. Research network
C. Web importer
12. You want to directly copy the words of
D. Reference manager
the author from one of your sources, what
must you do? 14. Which of the following is not a referencing
A. Use quotation marks around it and cite style?
it properly
A. Reference list
B. Go ahead and include it on your paper,
B. Numbered
no one will know the difference
C. Just rearrange the words and hope no C. Author-Date
one will finds out D. Footnote

11. Research Ethics
NARAYAN CHANGDER
11.1 Ethical Issues
1. What is meant by ‘informed consent’? A. Asking for adults’ permission to re-
Please indicate the best answer search because babies are incapable of
A. Telling people who you are and what showing a degree of consent
you are studying B. Getting babies to make a hand print to
B. The ethics committee is informed stand for a signature on a consent form
about the research C. Seeing consent and withdrawal of con-
C. Participants are given a clear indica- sent as an ongoing issue and responding
tion what the research is about and what to the cues of the baby
their involvement would entail D. Babies don’t remember so if they are
D. Participants are informed about the upset you don’t need to worry about it
findings of the research at the end of the
project 4. What is considered unethical in a research
about students’ behaviors and class man-
2. Why are ethical issues important in re- agement
search?
A. The research participants (given role
A. They will help me pass the assignment of ‘teachers’) did not know the ‘learners’
were actors
B. They indicate what the researcher
B. The participants responded to an ad-
ought to do and how they should treat peo-
vert
ple
C. They help the researcher write up their C. The participants were all male
research D. none of above
D. They indicate that all people are very
sensitive 5. If you are a student involved in a research
project in a nursery how would you deal
3. Which of the following best relates to ethi- with a child disclosing that her parent has
cal issues when researching with babies? hit her the previous night?

11.2 Commercialization 435
A. Keep the information secret as to do D. A group of experienced people who

otherwise is a breach of confidentiality are useful to draw on when writing a pro-
B. Talk to the setting’s manager (or per- posal as an optional extra

son with responsibility for safeguarding)
7. Whatever agreed upon with the partici-
soon afterwards
pants must be actualized
C. Be annoyed that you will probably have
A. Integrity
to exclude the child from the research
B. Legality
D. Joke with the parents, saying ‘You’ll
never believe what your child has told me C. Social Responsibility
D. Responsible Publication
6. What is an ethics committee?
8. At which stages of the research process
A. People who like to talk a lot should you think about ethics?
B. A group of people who think about hy- A. When designing the questions and
pothetical research planning the research
C. A group of experienced people who B. When collecting data
will consider a research proposal and the
degree to which ethical issues have been C. When analyzing data
considered appropriately D. All of the above
11.2 Commercialization
1. Innovation makes our lives: A. Diversification
A. Awful B. Differentiation
B. Easier C. Unique selling point
C. Harder D. Market segmentation
D. First 4. Which of the below statements is neces-
sary in order to encourage innovation
2. What is the ideation stage about?
A. decreased revenue/profit
A. The ideation stage is about creat-
ing patents, trademark registrations, and B. Develop a tolerance to risk and failure
other legal measures
C. Low staff morale
B. The ideation stage attempts to define
the target market. D. High levels of failure
C. The ideation stage attempts to gener- 5. What did the Bessemer process achieve?
ate new products and services that meet
A. It created electric power to streetcars.
unanswered consumer demands
D. none of above
B. It allowed meat to be processed and
3. Strategies to make a product appear dis- refrigerated.
similar to others. (eg. quality, branding C. It more efficiently converted iron to
and packaging) steel.

D. It allowed planes to travel faster and 11. The investigation and discovery of new
farther distances. ideas in order to solve a problem or cre-
ate an opportunity.
6. Before the Industrial Revolution all prod-
ucts were created by A. Research
A. Factories B. Research and Development (R & D)
B. Hand C. Primary Research
C. Slaves D. Secondary Research
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Royalty 12. Who designed and built a gasoline pow-
ered airplane?
7. Which inventor is correctly matched to his
invention? A. Duryea Brothers
A. Alexander Graham Bell-telegraph B. Wright Brothers
B. Samuel B. Morse-Bessemer process C. Orville Brothers
C. Thomas Edison-incandescent lightbulb D. Westinghouse Brothers
13. Who designed railroad passenger and

D. Andrew Carnegie-steel sleeping cars to make travel more comfort-
able?
8. Which individual is responsible for invent-
ing the incandescent lightbulb? A. George Pullman
A. Alexander Graham Bell B. Cornelius Vanderbilt
B. Thomas Edison C. Nikolaus Otto
C. Samuel Morse D. Wilbur Wright
D. Andrew Carnegie 14. The extent a brand is recognised by po-
tential customers and associated with the
9. Prior to the invention of telephones, what
product
was the fastest way to send a message?
A. United States Postal Mail A. Brand extension
B. E-mail B. Brand loyalty
C. Telegraph C. Brand development
D. Pony Express D. Brand awareness
10. Incremental changes are 15. What impact did inventions such as the
telephone, sewing machine, and type-
A. Break through changes that happen writer have in the role of women in Amer-
over time to the product or process. ican society?
B. Small changes that occur to the prod- A. These inventions were controlled byt
uct or the process in which it is created he government and therefore limited their
role in American politics.
C. Small changes during the process B. These inventions provided new job op-
stage of production portunities for children, leaving women
D. none of above with more tasks at home.

C. These inventions pushed women fur- 21. What is the person called who creates
ther out of the working world. something new?

D. These inventions provided new job op- A. Mastermind
portunities to women. B. Scientist
16. What is an exclusive right to make or sell C. Master
an invention? D. Inventor
A. kerosene
22. How does packaging not play an important
B. patent role in giving information about the prod-
C. gasoline uct?
D. bessemer A. contains directions
17. Which one is the drawback packaging? B. Lists ingredients
A. encourage impulse buying C. nutritional information
B. makes distribution of products easier D. contains freebies
C. Cost 23. Why did people move to the cities during

D. profound impact on customer percep- the Industrial revolution?
tions ofproduct or brand A. Jobs in factories
18. A product strategy to strengthen brand B. Jobs on the farm

name and image over the long-term to in- C. Family
crease sales D. Friends
A. Brand value
24. When was color television introduced?
B. Brand development
A. 2000
C. Brand awareness
B. 1942
D. Brand loyalty
C. 1944
19. When you go through the process to mod- D. 1940
ify a technology you are essentially doing
what? 25. What is another way to say technology?
A. Innovating A. labor
B. Engineering B. space
C. Designing C. new ideas and inventions
D. none of above D. philosophies
20. Railroad travel became safer with im- 26. What individual is responsible for the in-
provements to vention of the telephone?
A. consolidation A. Thomas Edison
B. lightbulbs B. Alexander Graham Bell
C. kerosene C. Samuel Morse
D. air brakes D. Andrew Carnegie

27. Which development resulted from the con- C. more skyscrapers

struction of the interstate highway sys- D. taller skyscrapers
tem?
33. What invention allowed the railroads to
A. increased suburbanization
stay on schedule and factory orders to be
B. reduced air pollution placed more quickly?
C. decreased fuel consumption A. the establishment of time zones
D. growth of long-distance passenger B. the incandescent light bulb
NARAYAN CHANGDER
train service
C. the telegraph
28. Who invented the first automobile, assem- D. the typewriter
bly line?
34. The process of creating and planning a
A. Cyrus McCormick product or system is best described as
B. Henry Ford what?
C. Samuel Morse A. Innovating
D. Alexander Graham Bell B. Designing
29. What is the most durable man made C. Engineering

fiber? D. none of above
A. polyester 35. What was the name of the first pro-
B. nylon grammable computer?
C. spandex A. Dell
D. silk B. Z3
C. Apple
30. A nuclear weapon in which enormous en-
ergy is released by nuclear fission D. Chromebook
A. Manhattan Project 36. Product innovation is
B. Atomic Bomb A. What is made and how value is added
to it.
C. Benito Mussolini
B. Changes to how a product or service is
D. Allies
made
31. What is the development of an entire new C. Changes to both the product and the
technology, never heard or seen before? process of how it is made
A. Innovation D. none of above
B. Invention 37. How did Henry Ford’s assembly line
C. Engineering change manufacturing the United States?
D. none of above A. It led to more people attending college
to learn the skills needed to work on the
32. What change in the 1920s caused cities to assembly line.
expand outward?
B. It caused a shortage of goods since
A. more automobiles factories could not produce them as
B. more immigrants quickly.

C. It made it faster, cheaper, and easier 42. Which factor directly contributed to the
to mass produce goods. growth of suburban communities after
World War II?

D. It caused the price of goods to go up
since it was expensive to manufacture A. Mass transit systems closed
them this way.
B. Property taxes were eliminated in
many towns.
38. Which of the following are strategies that
encourage innovation? C. Returning veterans created a demand
for housing.
A. Open Communication
D. Widespread mortgage foreclosures
B. Risk taking must be rewarded
caused farmers to leave rural areas.
C. Develop a tolerance to risk and failure
43. Which of the following was most impor-
tant in the development of a national mar-
D. All of the above
ket?
39. What were two major problems faced by A. the sewing machine
people living in cities?
B. the Bessemer process
A. Too many jobs to choose from and
C. the incandescent light bulb
overcrowding
D. the transcontinental railroad
B. Healthy living conditions and people
did not shower
44. Branding does not
C. Overcrowding and sanitation prob-
A. Allow firms to charge a premium
lems
B. Allow firms to charge lower prices to
D. Animals on the loose from the zoo and
attract more sales
insects and rats
C. Give a unique association to a product
40. Which development was a major result of
the 1956 Interstate Highway Act?
D. Encourage customer loyalty
A. revitalization of family farms
45. What was the result of the development
B. migration to the suburbs
of the Bessemer process?
C. population shift to the Northeast
A. Steel was used in many tall building
D. higher unemployment for the nation’s and skyscrapers.
autoworkers
B. Oil became the most common source
of power.
41. Why were more people able to own au-
tomobiles, radios, washing machines, and C. Coal mining became less economically
other goods in the 1920s? important.
A. because of advertising D. JP Morgan became rich and famous.
B. because of lower taxes on imports
46. Process innovation is?
C. because of installment buying
A. new creations or the development and
D. because the trucking industry grew improvement of existing products.

11.3 copy right 440
B. improved processes that reduce the heats up as it travels through the Sun’s at-
cost of production for a business or indus- mosphere. What does IRIS stand for?
try. A. Interface Region Imaging Spectro-
C. changes to the way production takes graph
place.
B. Innerspace Region Image Spacecen-
D. none of above ter
47. Where were most of the nation’s early fac- C. Inter Regional Intergalactic Space-
NARAYAN CHANGDER
tories built? craft
A. New England D. Inner Rotating Image Spectrograph
B. the Midwest 50. Which of the following had the greatest in-
C. the West fluence on entertainment and the arts dur-
D. the South ing the 1920s?
A. automobiles
48. which of the following statements de-
scribe Bureaucracy B. television
A. Gives a business a competitive advan- C. newspapers
tage D. radio
B. Speeds up action and encourages inno-
vation 51. What other industry grew because of in-
crease in automobile sales in the 1920s?
C. Slows down action and is a serious im-
pediment to innovation A. service stations
D. none of above B. farm machinery
49. IRIS is responsible for observing how so- C. air travel

lar material moves, gathers energy, and D. radio broadcasting
11.3 copy right

1. How long does copyright last for an indi- 3. Which of the following is NOT a copyright
vidual? violation?
A. A lifetime + 70 years A. Using music from a popular musician
B. A lifetime +2x without asking for permission.
C. Only 14 years B. Using images from Google images
without proper search parameters.
D. 14-70 years
C. Using research from an academic
2. Which works are protected by copyright? study without citing your source.
A. An idea that you never publish D. Using a poem you wrote in third grade
B. all works in your current work.
C. literary, musical, dramatic, pictorial 4. What sites are you able to use content
works from with NO restrictions?
D. Pet Names A. Creative Commons

11.3 copy right 441
B. blogs 10. Fair use means that copyrighted work can

C. public domains be used without permission

D. none of above A. for certain educational purposes.
B. if the author doesn’t know it’s being
5. Why is it important to follow copyright used.
law?
C. if no money is charged for copies of the
A. It is the law and can have legal conse- work.
quences.
D. none of above
B. It is fair for those who created the
works. 11. What is fair use?
C. It gives credit where credit is due. A. The ability to use a portion of a copy-
righted material, depending upon intent.
D. all of these are correct
B. The ability to use an entire copyrighted
6. Which can NOT be copyrighted? material as your own.
A. movies C. The requirement for all collaborative
B. books work in a class.
C. ideas D. The ability of individuals to make simi-
lar works without penalty.
D. dances
12. What can happen if you use copyrighted
7. Copyright law protects material without giving proper credit
A. all written creative works. where credit is due?
B. all original thoughts and ideas. A. sued
C. only creative works that have copy- B. fail an assignment
right symbols. C. get a fine
D. Nothing D. all of the above
8. A section of the U.S. copyright law that 13. Copyright law protects the rights of
allows the use of copyrighted works in
A. the U.S. government.
reporting news, conducting research, and
teaching B. the authors of creative works.
A. paraphrase C. manufacturers of copying machines.
B. Cite D. none of above
C. fair use 14. The government creates a census report.
D. plagiarism Gary wants to use it in a sales pitch to a
very important client. This is an example
9. Copyright law refers to the right to decide of
A. how a creative work is used. A. Fair Use
B. who uses a creative work. B. Creative Commons
C. what a creative work is. C. Copyright Infringement

11.3 copy right 442
15. Research, teaching, commentary and criti- 20. According to copyright law, any “original
cism to name a few are all excep- content you create and record in a lasting
tions to using copyrighted material. The form” is your own what?
exception to using copyrighted material is A. thoughts
referred to as what?
B. opinions
A. copyright
C. intellectual property
B. fair use
D. brain power
C. creative commons
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. information pool 21. Property rights that belong to the commu-
nity at large, are unprotected by copyright
16. Which represents appropriate (fair) use of or patent, and are subject to use by any-
copyrighted material? one
A. Copying and pasting it into a school
A. trademark
project without citing its creator
B. public domain
B. News reporting/critiques
C. plagiarism
C. Using it for t-shirts that you are selling
for a fundraiser D. paraphrase
D. none of above 22. What does Public Domain NOT cover?
17. Who Owns the Copyright in a Work? A. Films that have had their copyrights
A. you and family members lapse. (Run out)
B. author who created it B. Things posted by the government
C. the president C. Things you have permission to use
D. the government D. Things from Disney
18. Laws designed to protect intellectual prop- 23. Which of the following is a violation of
erty rights and provide potential mone- copyright law?
tary rewards for inventiveness and hard
A. Using a line from an article in a re-
work.
search paper when you have included a ci-
A. fair use tation.
B. copyright B. Using a song from a popular artist on
C. paraphrase a video you have created.
D. none of above C. Using Beethoven’s 5th Symphony in a
presentation.
19. What is another way we could include mu-
sic in the videos we make in class that will D. Making a parody of Yankee Doodle
be shown to the public? Dandy.
A. ask your teacher 24. What is copyright?
B. buy and download the music from A. An evil plan to make research more dif-
Itunes ficult.
C. purchase the rights to a music library B. Legal protection for the creators of
D. see if your friend like the music works.

11.4 Intellectual Property rights and patent law 443
C. Legal requirements for those who are A. ownership

authors. B. intellectual property

D. Protections for people who conduct re-
C. fair use
search.
D. copyright
25. Copyrighted works can be copied only
A. if they are posted online. 30. At YouTube which of the following is a
penalty of copyright infringement?
B. with the author’s permission.
A. You could get evicted from your home
C. if the author is dead.
B. You could lose posting privileges
D. none of above
C. You could get banned from listening to
26. What is the purpose of copyright protec- music
tion?
D. You won’t be able to listen to any music
A. To protect the rights of the content cre- from that artist anymore
ator.
B. To prevent creativity 31. What is required before copyrighted mate-
rials can be used?
C. To give copyright lawyers something to
do A. A permission slip from a parent
D. To enhance creativity by forcing people B. Payment and permission
to make their own work C. A thorough explanation
27. What is it called when you have per- D. Nothing
mission to use something that is copy-
righted? 32. What is the public domain?
A. permission A. A place where people are put if they
B. free reign violate copyright law.
C. plagiarism B. A place where you can learn about

copyright law.
D. license
C. Where works go after the copyright
28. What is required before works in the pub- has expired and they are free to use.
lic domain can be used?
D. The place where all authors must get
A. Payment and permission their ideas.
B. A conference with the original owner
33. What is Fair Use?
C. Nothing
A. pictures, essays
D. A permission slip from a parent
B. unfair use of copyright material
29. What is referred to as the “legal concept
that works art, writing, images, mu- C. all copyright materials
sic and more belong to the people who D. situations where you can use material
create them”? without the owner’s permission
11.4 Intellectual Property rights and patent law

1. What are intellectual property rights? 6. Which of the following is NOT a basic re-
quirement for a patent?
A. Patent, trademark, copyright, trade-
mark, trade secret A. It must be extraordinarily creative
B. patent, trademark, copyright, indus- B. It must have utility
trial design, geographical indication C. It must be novel
C. Patent, trademark, corporate, trade D. It must be not obvious to a person of
secret ordinary skill in the field
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Patent, trades, copyright, trade secret 7. A patent related to windshield wiper was
granted to
2. Type of Intellectual Property in the form of
a formula, practice, process, design, instru- A. Mr. Hunt
ment, or compilation of information that B. Ms. Mary Anderson
is generally not known by any person out- C. Ms. Miriam Benjamin
side of the company.
D. Mr. John J Loud
A. Patent
8. A is a property right that excludes
B. Trade Secret other from making, using, offering for sale,
C. Copyright selling, or importing the invention.
D. Trademark A. Patent
B. Trademark
3. Intellectual property rights protect the use
C. Copyright
of information and ideas that are of
D. Trade Secret
A. Ethical value
B. Moral value 9. Which of the following is excluded from an
intellectual property law?
C. Social value
A. Trademark Act, 1999
D. Commercial value
B. Patent Act, 1970
4. Which of the following is not a type of C. Income Tax Act, 1962
patent? D. Copyright Act, 1957
A. Utility patents 10. It is the granting of a property right by a
B. Copyright sovereign authority to an inventor.
C. Design patents A. Patent
D. Plant Patents B. Trade Secrets
C. Copyright
5. How long does a Trademark last?
D. Trademark
A. 20 Years
11. Laws protecting intellectual property from
B. 50 Years unauthorized copying.
C. 70 Years A. Licensing
D. Indefinitely, with consistent usage B. Patent

C. Trademarks C. Copyleft
D. Copyright D. Patent

12. The protection afforded by a Malaysia 17. Plagiarism can be defined as
trademark lasts for a maximum of: A. paraphrasing another’s ideas with ex-
A. 50 plicit attribution to the author
B. 30 B. Encryption
C. 20 C. Writing your own concept
D. 10 D. Representing another person’s work
their words and/or ideas as your
13. Imagine a footballer sets up his own com- own
pany to sell his own range of clothes.
What type of IP can he use? 18. When Dwayne used a kind of copyright to
make it easy for others to copy and share
A. Copyright
his video, he was using
B. Patents
A. Fair Use
C. Trademarks
B. Piracy
D. Trade Secrets C. Uncommon creativity
14. Which of the following is not a valid rea- D. Creative Commons
son forrevoking a registered intellectual
property right? 19. A logo can be made exclusive property of
a company by registering a
A. The invention is nor patentable inven-
tion A. Trademark
B. The patent was granted to person who B. Copyright

was notentitled to it C. Patent
C. The patent applicant already has a sim- D. Industrial Design
ilar patent intheir name
20. It is also known as the “Intellectual Prop-
D. The patent does not disclose the inven- erty Code”.
tion clearlyenough for it to be performed
A. Republic Act No. 9283
by a person skilled in the art
B. Republic Act No. 1234
15. How long do patents usually last for?
C. Republic Act No. 8293
A. 40 Years
D. Republic Act No. 9323
B. 20 Years
21. Which type of patent would be applicable
C. 15 Years
to something like “Amazon.com” one-click
D. 10 Years ordering system or “Trivago.com” model
of purchasing accommodations?
16. AN exclusive right granted for an inven-
tion, which is a product or a process that A. Trademark
provides a new way of doing something. B. Business method patent
A. Copyright C. Design patent
B. Trademark D. Dot com patent

22. If a company develops a new technology 26. Which is not an example of a Trade Se-
that improves its main product, what type cret?
of intellectual property can they use to A. Soda formulas
stop others from copying their invention?
B. Survey results
A. copyright
C. Customer lists
B. geographical indications D. Employee names
C. patents
27. Which of the following is an “intellectual
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. trademarks property” as per IPR Laws in India.
A. Original literary work
23. All of the following are protected by trade-
marks EXCEPT B. Industrial Design of Maruti800 car
A. Logos such as the Apple on Apple’s C. Trademark of Tata company
product D. All of these
B. A video of a play created and per- 28. If Ajai invents a new process for recording
formed by a college drama class music, she will likely apply for a:
C. Number and letter combinations like A. Patent
3M
B. Trademark
D. Unique product shapes as long as they C. Copyright
have no bearing on the product function,
such as the famous curved bottle of Coca D. Industrial Design
Cola 29. Creative work is
24. Software which restricts the actions a user A. pictures people put online
can perform with a file, such as copying or B. paintings hanging in schools
printing. Also known as DRM C. music people write
A. Digital Removal Management D. all of the above
B. Digital Reader Maintenance 30. A is a word, mark, symbol or device
C. Digital Rights Management that identifies a product of a particular
manufacturer or merchant.
D. none of above
A. Patent
25. Sherandie is a graphic artist who oper- B. Trademark
ates a small t-shirt business, “Simply T’s.”
C. Copyright
Sherandie discovered that larger t-shirt
companies were using some of her designs. D. Trade Secret
How can Sherandie protect her t-shirt de-
31. The term “Intellectual Property Rights”
signs?
covers
A. Apply for a copyright A. Copyrights
B. Apply for a patent B. Know-how
C. Apply for a trademark C. Trade dress
D. Sue the other companies D. All of the above

32. Patentability Criteria Includes C. the recipe for apple pie that has been
A. Novelty passed down through your family for sev-
eral generations

B. Inventive Step
D. the name of the website “Google”
C. Industrial Applicability
D. All of these 37. A is commercially valuable information
that the owner attempts to keep hidden
33. If you write an original story, what type from competitors.
of intellectual property gives you the right A. Patent
to decide who can make and sell copies of
your work? B. Trademark
A. copyright C. Copyright
B. geographical indications D. Trade Secret
C. patents 38. is a word, phrase, symbol, and/or de-

D. trademarks sign that identifies and distinguishes the
source of the goods of one party from
34. Amirul has designed a uniquely shaped those of others.
walker for senior citizens, which can be A. Service Mark
collapsed and, with the aid of two levers,
used as a chair. Amirul’s design is in com- B. Trademark
mercial production under the name of Sup- C. Patent
portive Stroller. Which types of intellec-
D. Copyright
tual property would most likely apply to
Amirul’s creation? 39. Which of the following is NOT a basis from
A. Patent; copyright; trademark which to challenge an intellectualproperty
right?
B. Copyright; trademark; industrial de-
sign A. The intellectual property right was
registered bysomeone who has since
C. Trademark; industrial design; trade
changed their name
secret
B. The intellectual property right relates
D. Patent; trademark; industrial design
to a writtenwork registered by an author
35. The protection afforded by a Malaysia dead 70 years
patent lasts for a maximum of: C. The renewal fee on the intellectual
A. 10 property rightwas not paid after the initial
ten-year period expired
B. 20
D. The intellectual property was never
C. 30 valid becausethe essential requirements
D. 50 for registration weren’t met
36. Each of the following is a form of intellec- 40. Which of these is a geographical indica-
tual property EXCEPT tion?
A. a patent on a business process A. BMW
B. a website design B. LABU SAYONG

C. PLAYSTATION C. Trademark
D. BATU SEREMBAN D. Monopoly
41. A patent related to Gong and Signal Chair 46. What protects the intellectual property
was granted to created by designers?
A. Mr. Hunt A. Patents
B. Ms. Mary Anderson B. Copyrights
NARAYAN CHANGDER
C. Ms. Miriam Benjamin
C. Trademarks
D. Mr.John J Loud
D. Registered Designs
42. It is the professional practice of designing
products used by millions of people around 47. Intellectual Property is
the world everyday. A. A tangible asset
A. Protection of Undisclosed Information B. An intangible asset
C. Not capable of having an owner
B. Geographic Indication
D. Owned by all people in a society
C. Patent
D. Industrial Design 48. Licensing system for authors who wish to
distribute their work freely.
43. What is a patent?
A. Fair Use
A. A right that does not protect any cre-
ative work B. Creative Commons
B. An exclusive right granted for a work C. Creative Collection
C. An inclusive right to distribute any in- D. Educational Fair Use

vention
49. Basically Intellectual Property Rights pro-
D. It protects secret information tect the use of information and ideas that
are of
44. If you write an original story, what type
of IP gives you the right to decide who can A. Social Value
make and sell copies of your work?
B. Moral Value
A. Patents
C. Commercial Value
B. Copyrights
D. Ethical Value
C. Trademarks
D. Registered Designs 50. Which of the following is not an example
of a literary work?
45. is a grant from the federal govern- A. A shopping list
ment conferring the rights to exclude oth-
ers from making, selling, or using an inven- B. A character from a novel or story book
tion for a certain term
A. Term limit C. A textbook
B. Patent D. Computer Program

51. Complete Specification contains their copyright work and performances as

A. Title of invention prescribe under the Copyright Act 1987.

B. Description of invention C. Permit the owner to “include” others
from making, using, selling, offering for
C. Claims
sale, and importing a product or service
D. All of these embodying the invention.
52. It is a sign used on products that have D. none of above
a specific geographical origin and possess
qualities or a reputation that are due to 57. Ashley decided to her paper for class
that origin. by copying and pasting from Wikipedia
A. Industrial Design and saying she wrote it.
B. Geographic Indication A. Plagiarize

C. Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits B. Sell
D. none of above C. ignore
53. An identifying symbol or name for a par- D. re-write
ticular good protected by law is called a:
58. It is the legal means of protecting an au-
A. Trademark
thor’s work.
B. Copyright
A. Patent
C. Trade Secrets
B. Trade Secrets
D. Patents
C. Copyright
54. The rights of a patentee are
D. Trademark
A. Sell
B. License 59. A patent is good for up to years and is
C. Assign the IP to others not renewable.
D. All of these A. 10 years
55. What protects designs or processes that B. 15 years

are novel, non-obvious and useful? C. 20 years
A. Trademark D. 25 years
B. Copyright
C. Patent 60. Because Zoe used a small amount of a
movie in a remix video she made that
D. Trade Secret pokes fun at the main character, she could
56. Choose the correct definition of Copy- say it’s
right: A. License
A. To copy the information the right way. B. Stealing
C. Copyright
B. Copyright is a protection given to au-
thors, copyright owner and performer of D. Fair Use

61. A street vendor on Bloor Street is sell- A. A trade mark is a sign which distin-
ing fake “TAGG” watches. Under which guishes the goods and services of one
area of intellectual property would the trader from those of another. A mark in-
TAG Company likely seek a remedy? cludes words, logos, pictures, names, let-
A. Copyrights ters, numbers or a combination of these.
B. Trademarks
B. The ornamentation or shape of a func-
C. Patent tional object, such as a chair
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. Industrial Design C. The right to prevent others from copy-
ing or modifying certain works
62. Choose the correct definition of Patent:
D. A monopoly to make, use, or sell an in-
A. A patent is an exclusive right granted
vention
for an invention, which is a product or a
process that provides, in general, a new 66. The rights of an author or artist with re-
way of doing something, or offers a new spect to his or her creation are governed
technical solution to a problem. by the law of:
B. Permit the owner to “include” others A. Patent
B. copyrights
embodying the invention. C. trademark
C. Permit the owner to “exclude” others D. industrial design
67. Which of the following is Rights of a Copy-
right Owner?
embodying the invention.
A. Publish their work and Perform their
D. none of above
work in public
63. A symbol, word/s, legally registered or B. Translate and Broadcast their work
established by use as representing a com-
C. Prevent others from making unautho-
pany or product.
rized use of copyrighted work
A. Patent
D. All of these
B. Trade Secrets
68. Exceptions to copyright law that allow
C. Copyright
copying in certain limited circumstances.
D. Trademark
A. Educational Fair Use
64. What protects fixed expressions of cre- B. Fair Use
ativity?
C. Copyright Laws
A. Trademark
D. none of above
B. Copyright
69. If a company develops a new technology
C. Patent that improves its product, what type of IP
D. Trade Secret they use to stop others from copying?
65. Choose the correct definition of trade- A. Patents

marks: B. Copyrights

C. Trademarks 75. What does a trademark protect?

D. Trade Secrets A. an invention

70. Books, movies, music, websites, games, B. a work of art
and pieces of art are all examples of C. logos, names and brands
A. Creative Work D. a secret formula
B. Hard work 76. Susan invented a car engine that runs on
C. Copying fruit skins. She has received numerous in-
D. Printed materials vestors for her business idea, located an
empty garage to house her business, and
71. A word, phrase, symbol or logo that is is ready to begin operations of her new
used to brand, identify and distinguish a business. Before opening her business, Su-
service. san should apply for a:
A. Trademark A. Copyright
B. Service Mark B. License
C. Mark C. Patent
D. Copyright D. Trademark
72. , which is a limited use of copyrighted 77. A is a unique word, mark, or symbol
works, is granted to critics, researchers, that identifies a service as opposed to a
and reporters to carry on their trades. product.
A. Infringement A. Trademark
B. Fair Use B. Copyright
C. A Service Mark C. Patent
D. Unusual Usage D. Service Mark
73. If you file provisional specification, the 78. Registering a copyright allows the cre-
complete specification is required to be ator to collect damages for , which is
filed within the unauthorized copying, sale, display, or
A. 10 months performance of the work.
B. 12 months A. Fair Use
C. 18 months B. Unusual Usage
D. 24 months C. Infringement
D. A Service Mark
74. What protects distinctive marks words or
symbols associated with a particular prod- 79. What protects the intellectual property
uct? created by artists?
A. Trademark A. Patents
B. Copyright B. Copyrights
C. Patent C. Trademarks
D. Trade Secret D. Trade Secrets

80. What protects the intellectual property 85. Imagine a footballer sets up his own com-
created by inventors? pany to sell his own range of clothes.
A. Patents What type of intellectual property can he
use to show that the clothes are made by
B. Copyrights his company?
C. Trademarks A. copyright
D. Registered Designs B. geographical indications
NARAYAN CHANGDER
81. What kind of material can be covered on C. patents
“Copyright”? D. trademarks
A. Books and plays
86. A patent related to safety pin was granted
B. photographs and movies to
C. Music and dances
A. Mr. Hunt
D. All of the above.
B. Ms. Mary Anderson
82. A legal document that gives the inven- C. Ms. Miriam Benjamin
tor the exclusive legal right to make, use,
D. Mr.John J Loud
or sell the invention for a limited time is
called: 87. Practice of registering a trade mark as a
A. Trademarks domain name with the intention of later
B. Copyright selling it to the rightful owner.
C. Trade Secrets A. DESIGN RIGHT
D. Patents B. INJUNCTION
C. CYBERSQUATTING
83. is any word, name, symbol, or de-
vice used to identify the source or origin D. COPYRIGHT
of products or services and to distinguish
88. The form of protection provided by the
those products or services from others
laws of the United States for original
A. A patent works of authorship
B. A logo A. Trademarks
C. A trademark B. Copyright
D. A copyright C. Trade Secrets
84. It means any visible sign designated as D. Patents
such in the application for registration and
capable of distinguishing the origin or any 89. What is Plagiarism?
other common characteristic. A. The exclusive legal right, given to an
A. Service Mark originator or an assignee to print, publish,
perform, fild, or record work
B. Collective Mark
B. To present the words and ideas of
C. Trademark someone else as your own, without giving
D. Mark credit

C. A reference to an author of a given A. Title of invention

work that can include name, title, page B. Field of invention
number, and date.

C. Claims
D. To re-work the ideas, words, phrases,
and sentence structures of others and D. Abstract
retell them in your own words 95. It refers to the ownership of an idea or de-
90. Which form of intellectual property protec- sign by the person who came up with it.
tion is granted to the owner of a work of A. Intellectual Property
authorship, and requires the work to be in B. Real Estate Property
tangible form?
C. Private Property
A. Patent
D. Immovable Property
B. Trademark
96. Bart would like to legally prevent all other
C. Copyright
businesses from using his business name,
D. Fair use “Headquarters Barbershop.” Bart must
91. How long does copyright for an author or apply to the government to receive a:
creator? A. Copyright
A. 1 year B. License
B. 25 years C. Patent
C. 75 years D. Trademark
D. a lifetime and/or 70 years 97. A protects the expression of a creative
92. How long does the term of copyright for work, such as the work of an author, artist
an author lasts? or composer.
A. Life of the Author plus 70 years A. Patent
B. 20 years from the date of filing B. Trademark
C. Life of the Author C. Copyright
D. 50 years D. Trade Secret
93. Assume a company’s marketing Vice Pres- 98. A patent related to ball point pen was
ident leaves to become the marketing Vice granted to
President of another company, and cre- A. Mr. Hunt
ates a marketing plan for the new com-
B. Ms. Mary Anderson
pany that is virtually identical to one he
has working on at the old company. The C. Ms. Miriam Benjamin
old company could argue that this a D. Mr. John J Loud
A. Trade secret dispute
99. Embedding the authors name or logo into
B. Copyright infringement an image to act as a copyright reminder.
C. Patent infringement A. Embedding
D. Market encroachment B. Watermaking
94. The following aspect of a patent specifica- C. Sampling
tion clearly specifies the scope of owner- D. Drafting
ship of a Patent:
11.5 Citation and Acknowledgement 454
11.5 Citation and Acknowledgement

1. What is it called if you steal another per- 6. It is a list of all the sources used in the
son’s words or ideas? paper
A. Botulism A. In-text Citation
B. Plagiarism B. Summary
C. legionnaires disease C. Reference List
NARAYAN CHANGDER
D. none of above D. Thesis
2. One purpose for citing a source is to 7. It identifies for the reader the original
source for an idea, information, or image
A. show readers from where your infor- that is referred to in a work.
mation came.
A. In-text Citation
B. to add length to a paper.
B. Citation
C. to stress out students.:/
C. Glossary
D. to prove information in the paper is
true. D. Bibliography
3. It promotes authenticity and empowers 8. It is an acknowledgement you include in

your output. your text whenever you quote or para-
phrase a source. It usually gives the au-
A. Gives credit to the original author thor’s last name, the year of publication,
B. Gives credit to the original author and the page number of the relevant text.
C. Adds strength and authority to your A. In-text Citation
work B. Parenthetical
D. Assists other scholars C. Narrative
4. What do you need to add to your project D. Citation

when you use a book for research?
9. Which of the following examples includes
A. Citation a properly formatted in-text citation for a
B. An Image quote?
C. Page Numbers A. Matthew said, “The research study re-

sults are inconclusive” (para.4)
D. none of above
B. Alex (1999) said, “After all this time, I
5. Values the author’s hard work and effort. find it hard to believe the theory “
A. Adds strength and authority to your C. Stan (2005) stated, “The results and
work regulations are clear “ (p.67)
B. Places your work on a specific context D. none of above
10. Which of the following uses the correct for-

C. Assists other scholars mat for a source with 3 or more authors
D. Gives credit to the original author A. (Smith, et.al., 2006)

11.5 Citation and Acknowledgement 455
B. (Smith, Jones, Brown, Lee, 2006) A. special mention of favorite texts

C. (Smith, Jones & Sloan, 2006) B. paraphrased information

D. none of above C. written acknowledgement of source
11. What is citation? D. none of above

Research Methodology

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MOST POPULAR AROUND THE WORLD

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

DESIGNED FOR SURE SUCCESS

JAI SHREE RAM

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

It is my deepest gratitude and warmest

To my mother JOYTSNA CHANGDER

who has been a constant source of Knowledge and in-

The aim of this publication is to sup-

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

3 Identification of Research Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168

4 Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

5 Development of research proposal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

6 Methods of data collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

8 Statistical Techniques and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

9 Interpretation and Report Writing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362

9.5 Literature review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

11 Research Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

5. F 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. C

of source of knowledge can be classified 18. Experimental designs can be differenti-

A. Consistency 19. The results from which of the following de-

B. create new theories C. Expert opinions.

C. make discoveries D. Research.

13. C 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. B 20. B 21. B

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

23. What is a target population? 26. Which of the following is characterized by

1.2 Meaning of research

22. C 23. A 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. B 1. A 2. B

B. focused interview C. qualitative:quantitative

7. structured interview: :focused group A. procedure of inquiry

3. A 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. A 12. A

1.3 Aim of research

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

A. Explorative Research 8. Why should ethics be considered in con-

C. Explanatory Research A. Ethics keeps the researcher from com-

B. Acquisition of Knowledge A. A single reality is not observed.

D. All of the above B. Objective

13. The following are beliefs in Qualitative Re- A. Verification of Knowledge

10. B 11. D 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D 16. D 17. C

C. Application of New Knowledge D. they include references to the theoret-

PRACTICE BOOK» NOT FOR SALE

D. Central question A. Honest

A. Collect and analyze the data D. Effective

A. they are specific A. Realistic

B. they include the strategies to solve the B. Critical

27. In the formulation of the research problem B. Objectivity

1.4 Importance of Research

28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D

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D. Narrative Report. 24. The followings are data analysis ap-

B. to be industrious B. Critical theory research

C. to look for C. Positivist research

C. Quantitative observations use mea- D. Rigorous

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36. The results of the research are used as C. 1.5”

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