Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Design of Training Elevators For Effective Learning
The Design of Training Elevators For Effective Learning
The Design of Training Elevators For Effective Learning
net/publication/280877168
CITATION READS
1 4,526
1 author:
SEE PROFILE
All content following this page was uploaded by Fatih Alpaslan Kazan on 12 August 2018.
Abstract—The desire to use the settlement areas productively Even, there are studies to prevent the car crashes in such car
along with the gradually increasing population leads the increase parks [2].
in the number of multi-storey buildings. With the increase of
multistory buildings, the need for Elevators evenly increases. In The increase in the life standards and the care for human
this study, a multi-purpose training elevator was designed in beings has brought along the technological developments in the
order to contribute the need of training personnel required for elevator systems. Thus, the produced elevators are faster,
the increasing need for elevators. This elevator is an education stronger and more qualitative. For that purpose, the activities
set designed to be used in the training of students in the related to both making the people wait less and increasing the
department of mechatronics, electric and electronics at passenger transportation productivity was carried out in the
vocational-technical education institutes. Through this elevator buildings with 2 or more elevators [3, 4]. Moreover, there are
training set, the education of students became more qualitative, studies to design PLC based, adjustable and rapid elevator
more permanent and more effective. In the designed training set, control systems [5]. Even, fuzzy logic was utilized to optimally
moreover, the designing of elevator was executed in order to control the elevators [6].
control it through PLC, SCADA or microcontroller. Thus, the
students are informed through the training set and the software There are also activities to increase the security in the
was introduced in the courses of PLC, SCADA and elevators. For example, a PLC controlled elevator is real-
microcontroller. timely observed and passenger compartment temperature and
smoke alarm is online followed on the computer screen [7].
Keywords—Elevator; PLC; PIC; microcontroller; SCADA
Since the energy sources decrease day by day, the
I. INTRODUCTION researches related to the energy productivity in elevators were
also done [8].
Although the population increases day by day, the
settlement areas don’t increate with the same rate and multi- Since the elevator systems are generally PLC controlled,
storey construction became obligatory. It is not problem to various PLC-based elevator sets were designed to use in the
climb up the upper floors in the multi-storey buildings with 3-4 trainings related to it [9]. However, there are also elevator
floors. However, the buildings with 40-50 stores are seen designs made for PLC programming training and to enable
everywhere nowadays. In such buildings, nobody wants to use students control a real system [10].
the stairs after a few floors unless it is necessary. Thus, the
elevators became one of the vital parts for the buildings with Even though PLC is preferred in the elevator controls, there
multiple floors. is also a microcontroller controlled elevator design [11].
The elevators may be defined as the electro-mechanical In this study, the students were enabled to improve
facilities which are used to vertically carry the loads and people themselves related to both hardware and software of the
on the guide rails through a moveable cabinet or platforms. In elevator through the executed elevator training set. Moreover,
fact, multiple-floor system was applied in numerous car parks the students were given effective and permanent training
and the cars are parked one on the top of the other. Thus, through the training set which allows applied and visual
some activities were carried out in order to improve it [1]. training. Using the designed elevator training set, the students
were able to learn to control the elevator through PLC,
This study was supported by Selcuk University Scientific Research
Projects Coordinatorship. The project number is 15701056.
957
The components of the set are as follows: which determine the cabinet’s arriving at the floors were
installed to each floor. Moreover, there are also switches on the
1. PLC doors of the floors (Fig. 4).
2. Relays
3. HMI
4. Contactors
5. Power supply
6. Clips
7. Buttons
In this set, Siemens S7200 CPU222 or S71200 CPU 1212C
could be used as the PLC. The developed training set was
designed with 8 inputs and 6 outputs. Thus, the PLC to be used
in the set may be changed regarding the numbers of input-
output. As for HMI, the low-cost Delta A and Delta B serials
with a wide communicating characteristics was preferred. In
the designed training set, the operator panels such as Siemens
and Beijer can be used. The buttons were used in the input
while the relays and mini contactors of 4 kW in addition to the Fig. 4. The view of the switch installed on the door of the elevator.
relays were used in the output of the PLC. Thus, real
applications could be carried out. In order to provide the upward and downward movements
of the elevator cabinet, a low voltage direct current motor was
B. PIC Training Set preferred (ekil 5). The reason for keeping the voltage rating
The microcontrollers are commonly used in the industrial low is the desire to prevent any electric shocks during the
applications. For that reason, it is important to learn the training.
hardware which a microcontroller will be tested. In Fig. 3, a
test and development card which the PIC18F4550
microcontroller can be programmed and the written programs
can be tested without any limitations is seen.
Using this experiment set, the control of the elevator may
be executed in many ways. As well as making a simple control,
the applications related to the elevator may be controlled
through establishing a communication between the
microcontroller and the computer and using a visual
programming language (C#, Visual Basic etc.).
958
effectively, permanently and rapidly. The designed training set
was applied in the Electric Program of Vocational High School
of Selçuk University and it was seen that the students learned
more effectively and easily. Through a real-like training set,
the students obtained visual and applied information related to
the elevator and they learned to control the elevator during
PLC-SCADA and microcontroller courses. Thus, the students
were trained in a more equipped and poised way. This training
set may be used by the elevator companies for in service
training.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This study was supported by Selcuk University Scientific
Research Projects Coordinatorship. The project number is
15701056.
REFERENCES
[1] O. Bngöl, T. Aydoan, H. R. Ddn, and A. S. Yalçiner, "PLC kontrollü
otomatik katli otopark sistemi," SDU International Journal of
Technological Science, vol. 2, 2010.
[2] S. Tanaka and M. Watanabe, "Optimization-based collision avoidance in
multi-car elevator systems," in ICCAS-SICE, 2009, 2009, pp. 764-769.
[3] X. Yang, Q. Zhu, and H. Xu, "Design and practice of an elevator control
system based on PLC," in Power Electronics and Intelligent
Transportation System, 2008. PEITS'08. Workshop on, 2008, pp. 94-99.
Fig. 6. The open structure which allows the detailed analysis of the elevator.
[4] L. Fu and T. Hao, "Analysis and simulation of passenger flow model of
elevator group control system," in Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge
Discovery (FSKD), 2012 9th International Conference on, 2012, pp.
2353-2356.
[5] S. Wei and R. Wang, "Control system design of adjust speed elevator
based on programmable logical indecator," in Computer Science and
Education (ICCSE), 2010 5th International Conference on, 2010, pp.
1235-1238.
[6] A. Uysal and L. Ovacik, "Fuzzy elevator group controller with floor
priority constraints," in Applied Electronics, 2009. AE 2009, 2009, pp.
253-257.
[7] E. Irmak, I. Colak, O. Kaplan, and A. Kose, "Development of a real time
monitoring and control system for PLC based elevator," in Power
Electronics and Applications (EPE 2011), Proceedings of the 2011-14th
European Conference on, 2011, pp. 1-8.
[8] L. Yu, S. Mabu, T. Zhang, K. Hirasawa, and T. Ueno, "A study on
energy consumption of elevator group supervisory control systems using
genetic network programming," in Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 2009.
SMC 2009. IEEE International Conference on, 2009, pp. 583-588.
[9] G. Singh, A. Agarwal, R. Jarial, V. Agarwal, and M. Mondal, "PLC
controlled elevator system," in Engineering and Systems (SCES), 2013
Students Conference on, 2013, pp. 1-5.
[10] T. Sysala and O. Vrzal, "A real models laboratory and an elevator model
controlled through programmable controller (PLC)," in Proc. 13th
WSEAS International Conference on Automatic Control, 2011, pp. 365-
368.
[11] O. A. Erdem and A. Orman, "Mikrodenetleyicili Asansör Denetiminde
Seri Haberleme Kullanan Bir Modelin Gerçekletirilmesi,"
International Journal of InformaticsTechnologies, vol. 1, 2008.
[12] H. Terzioglu, . Tasdemir, C. Sungur, M. Arslan, M. A. Anadol, and C.
Gunseven, "The Experiment Set Applications of PLC-HMI Based
SCADA Systems," presented at the International Conference and
Exhibition on Electronic, Computer and Automation Technologies
Fig. 7. The frontal view of the elevator. (ICEECAT’14), Konya, Turkey, 2014.
[13] ElectricalKnowhow. (December 20, 2014). Available:
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION http://www.electrical-knowhow.com/2012/04/basic-elevator-
components-part-one.html
Through this executed study, a elevator training set which
can be used during the courses of PLC, SCADA and
microcontroller for the elevator training was designed. It was
aimed through the designed training set that the students learn
959