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WSA02 2002 Part4 23 M1
WSA02 2002 Part4 23 M1
WSA 02—2002-2.3
Version 1.0
CONTENTS
27 INTRODUCTION 238
27.1 GENERAL 238
27.2 DRAWING COMMENTARY 238
MRWA 27.3 VARIED STANDARD DRAWINGS 238
MRWA 27.4 SUPPLEMENTARY (ADDITIONAL) DRAWINGS 239
28 LISTING OF STANDARD DRAWINGS 240
29 COMMENTARY ON SEW–1100 SERIES – PIPELINE LAYOUT 243
29.1 GENERAL 243
29.2 SEW–1100, SEW–1101 AND SEW–1102 – DESIGN LAYOUTS 243
29.2.1 SEW–1100 – Locality and site plan 243
29.2.2 SEW–1101 – Longitudinal sections 243
29.2.3 SEW–1102 – Schedule of Works 243
29.3 SEW–1103 – TYPICAL ARRANGEMENTS 244
29.4 SEW–1104-V AND SEW–1105-V – PROPERTY CONNECTION DETAILS 244
29.5 SEW–1106 AND SEW–1107 – PROPERTY CONNECTION DETAILS – METHODS 244
29.5.1 SEW–1106 – IO interface method 245
29.5.2 SEW–1107 – Buried interface method 246
29.6 SEW–1108 – PROPERTY CONNECTION DETAILS – Y BRANCH AND AROUND
OBSTRUCTIONS 246
29.7 SEW–1109 – PROPERTY CONNECTION DETAILS – PRIVATE PROPERTY & MARKING
SYSTEMS 246
MRWA 29.8 SEW–1150-M, SEW–1151-M AND SEW–1152-M – DESIGN LAYOUTS 247
MRWA 29.8.1 SEW–1150-M – Locality plan 247
MRWA 29.8.2 SEW–1151-M – Detail plan 247
MRWA 29.8.3 SEW–1152-M – Longitudinal plan 247
MRWA 29.9 SEW–1153-M, SEW–1154-M AND SEW–1155-M – PROPERTY CONNECTION
DETAILS 247
MRWA 29.9.1 SEW–1153-M – VC pipes 248
MRWA 29.9.2 SEW–1154-M – Flexible pipes 248
MRWA 29.9.3 SEW–1155-M – Miscellaneous 248
30 COMMENTARY ON SEW–1200 SERIES – EMBEDMENT AND TRENCH FILL 249
30.1 GENERAL 249
30.2 MAXIMUM DEPTH TO INVERT FOR STANDARD SUPPORT TYPES 250
30.3 SEW–1200 – SOIL CLASSIFICATION GUIDELINES 254
30.4 SEW–1201-V – EMBEDMENT AND TRENCHFILL – TYPICAL ARRANGEMENTS 254
30.5 SEW–1202 – STANDARD EMBEDMENT FLEXIBLE AND RIGID PIPES 255
30.6 SEW–1203 – SPECIAL EMBEDMENT INADEQUATE FOUNDATIONS 255
30.7 SEW–1204 – SPECIAL EMBEDMENT SUPPORT USING PILES 255
30.8 SEW–1205 – SPECIAL EMBEDMENT CONCRETE AND STABILISED SUPPORTS 255
30.9 SEW–1206 – BULKHEADS AND TRENCHSTOP 256
30.10 SEW–1207 – TRENCH DRAINAGE TYPICAL SYSTEMS 256
30.11 SEW–1208 – VERTICALS AND NEAR VERTICALS EXPOSED AND CONCEALED
METHODS 256
31 COMMENTARY ON SEW–1300 SERIES – MAINTENANCE STRUCTURES 257
31.1 GENERAL 257
31.2 SEW–1300-V – PRECAST MH TYPES P1 AND P2 257
31.3 SEW–1301-V – CAST IN-SITU MH TYPES C1 AND C2 257
31.4 SEW–1302-V – MH PIPE CONNECTION DETAILS 257
31.5 SEW–1303-V – MH CHANGE IN LEVEL ARRANGEMENTS 258
31.6 SEW–1304-V AND SEW–1305-V – MH CHANNEL ARRANGEMENTS AND DETAILS 258
31.7 SEW–1306-V – ALTERNATIVE MH DROP CONNECTIONS 258
31.8 SEW–1307-V – STEP IRONS AND LADDERS 258
27 INTRODUCTION
27.1 GENERAL
Standard Drawings are included in the Sewerage Code of Australia to assist in
understanding of the principles and methodology involved in construction of sewerage
systems and to enhance the design and construction Parts of this Code. The Drawings
should be read in conjunction with the balance of the Code.
The Drawings included in this Part of the Code provide deemed-to-comply solutions for the
installation of most elements of a sewerage system. However, they will not suit all
circumstances or overcome all problems. To meet special needs, Designers and
Constructors are encouraged to identify improved construction methods and other
variations from the requirements set out in the Standard Drawings. Authorisation by the
local Water Agency will be necessary before any major departure from the principles
outlined in the drawings are implemented. Successful initiatives will be considered by
WSAA for inclusion in future editions of this Code.
All Design Drawings should include the name of the Water Agency and have a signature
block to allow confirmation that each drawing complies with Water Agency requirements.
The symbols and markings used on these Drawings are typical only and do not apply to
any particular Water Agency (Refer to the individual Water Agency for their legend, symbol
and layout requirements).
Individual Water Agencies may have specific information and presentation requirements,
which should be determined before commencing any project. Any additional information,
layout or format requirements specified by the Water Agency take precedence over these
Drawings.
All special requirements including, but not limited to geotechnical requirements,
embedment and compaction details, should be shown in the Design Drawings and/or the
Specification.
27.2 DRAWING COMMENTARY
This informative commentary preceding the Drawings provides background information on
the purpose and content of the Standard Drawings and serves as a general guide for
Designers and Constructors, as well as a training aid. The use of separate commentary
avoids excessive detail and complexity in the Drawing notes.
The Designer is responsible for ensuring that Design Drawings and Specifications clearly
address the issues of a particular project. It is the Designer’s responsibility to provide
detailed requirements such as trench depth, embedment and fill materials, concrete type
and reinforcement in the Design Drawings.
Both the Designer and Constructor should understand information relevant to selecting a
feasible solution to a design and/or construction problem. Many of the Standard Drawings
are “typical” and are not suitable for use without further design detail.
MRWA 27.3 VARIED STANDARD DRAWINGS
In some WSAA Standard Drawings, changes have been made to notes and/or technical
detail to ensure the Drawings conform to MRWA requirements. Such varied drawings
replace the original WSAA Standard Drawing. The varied drawing bears the same SEW
prefix and number but with an added “-V” suffix.
No WSAA Standard Drawing has been varied if the only necessary change is the addition
of a “-V” suffix to the number of another drawing cross-referenced within the notes or
elsewhere on that Drawing. Notwithstanding, in such cases the varied MRWA version of
such cross-reference drawing shall be followed.
Equivalent
DRAWING 1999
ACTIVITY TITLE
NUMBER DRAWING
NUMBER
PIPELINE LAYOUT
SEW–1105-V Property Connection Details Sewer in Easements & Inside Property SEW–301
SEW–1108* Property Connection Details “Y” Branch & Around Obstructions SEW–303
SEW–1109* Property Connection Details Private Property & Marking Systems SEW–304
SEW–1200 Soil Classification Guidelines And Allowable Bearing Pressures for Bulkheads WAT–400
SEW–1208 Verticals & Near Verticals Exposed & Concealed Methods SEW–211
Equivalent
DRAWING 1999
ACTIVITY TITLE
NUMBER DRAWING
NUMBER
ACCESS STRUCTURES
Equivalent
DRAWING 1999
ACTIVITY TITLE
NUMBER DRAWING
NUMBER
The point of connection for a customer drain should be ≤1.5 m below the surface. The
depth of the connection point should take account of AS 3500.2 requirements for soffit,
minimum cover and grade of the customer sanitary drain. Clause 4.6.5.4 provides details
of property connection requirements.
Details of property connection sewers and points of connection should be included in the
Design Drawings.
TABLE 29.1
MINIMUM RETICULATION AND PROPERTY CONNECTION SEWER SIZES
Pipe size Applicability
DN Reticulation sewers Customer sanitary drains
100 Not used Residential buildings
150 Residential zones Commercial buildings
225 Commercial zones Exceptional cases only
The vertical drop distances shown in the Standard Drawings relate to the vertical distance
from the invert of the sewer to the invert of the horizontal section of the property
connection sewer.
Where installation is in rock, the trench should be excavated past the end of the interface
point of the property connection sewer. Clause 15.2 specifies a minimum distance, which
enables safe excavation of the property owner’s sanitary drain without damaging the
property connection fitting.
AS/NZS 1260 now specifies PVC sewer pipe by its stiffness (SN). The PVC pipe stiffness
classes (depending on Water Agency requirements) and equivalent previous system
values are as summarised in Table 29.2.
TABLE 29.2
EQUIVALENT STIFFNESS CLASSES FOR PVC SEWERS
owner’s sanitary drain. An IO, constructed as part of the Water Agency property connection
sewer, defines the change of ownership from Agency to property owner. The Agency owns
the IO and the property connection sewer downstream of the IO. The property owner owns
the sanitary drain upstream of the IO and is responsible for its maintenance.
The Drawing shows typical layouts and connection details for various depths of sewer, as
well as the interface point between the Agency sewer and the property owner’s sanitary
drain.
The end of the property connection sewer is nominally at the pipe joint on the upstream
side of the IO fitting. Some Agencies may require an additional short length of pipe (with a
threaded coupling and cap) to keep the sanitary drain trench away from the surface cover
and frame. The property connection sewer should be at the required depth to service the
property.
29.5.2 SEW–1107 – Buried interface method
SEW–1107 not used by MRWA.
SEW–1107 complements SEW–1104 and SEW–1105. It relates only to the buried interface
method. There are two variations to this method:
(a) The point of connection is a junction installed in the sewer within the customer’s
property. The junction is plugged at the time of construction. The Water Agency
owns the junction and downstream sewer. The Water Agency does not require an
IO to be constructed as part of the reticulation sewer.
The property owner is responsible for providing, connecting and maintaining an IO
and sanitary drain in accordance with AS/NZS 3500.2.2.
(b) The point of connection is a junction installed at the end of a property connection
sewer terminating within the customer’s property. The junction is plugged at the
time of construction. The Water Agency may specify a rodding point to be
connected to the junction. The Agency owns the property connection sewer,
junction and any rodding point.
The property owner is responsible for providing, connecting and maintaining an IO
and sanitary drain in accordance with AS/NZS 3500.2.2.
For connection to a “deep” reticulation sewer, a drop junction or vertical riser (jump up)
may be required to provide a property connection point closer to the surface (Refer to
Clause 4.6.5.4).
29.6 SEW–1108 – PROPERTY CONNECTION DETAILS – Y BRANCH AND AROUND
OBSTRUCTIONS
SEW–1108 not used by MRWA.
SEW–1108 complements SEW–1104 and SEW–1105 and shows typical property
connections details for Y branches and around obstructions.
The property connection sizes should be detailed in the Design Drawings.
Minimum clearances from obstructions should be in accordance with Table 4.2.
29.7 SEW–1109 – PROPERTY CONNECTION DETAILS – PRIVATE PROPERTY &
MARKING SYSTEMS
SEW–1109 not used by MRWA.
SEW–1109 complements SEW–1104 and SEW–1105. It shows details for connection to a
deep reticulation sewer using the buried interface method. A vertical riser (jump up) may
be required to raise the point of connection to the customer sanitary drain to ≤1.5 m below
FSL. The Designer should determine Water Agency requirements where the connection
level required to drain the property is greater than 1.5 m below the surface e.g. when grade
of sewer is against the fall of the land. The Designer should also determine the Water
Agency preference for the base arrangement to the vertical riser.
SEW–1109 also shows location marker systems for the buried interface method of property
connection. A marker peg and a marking tape system are detailed. The Designer should
determine the Water Agency preference for the location marker system.
MRWA 29.8 SEW–1150-M, SEW–1151-M AND SEW–1152-M – DESIGN LAYOUTS
SEW–1150-M, SEW–1151-M and SEW–1152-M are typical of drawings that should be
included in any set of Design Drawings in order to provide information necessary for the
Constructor to construct and install the Works. The Drawings detail the following:
(a) location and type of sewers;
(b) depth of sewers and property connection points;
(c) position of MHs, MSs and variable bends;
(d) details of property connection sewers; and
(e) location of other utility mains, services, storm water drains etc.
MRWA 29.8.1 SEW–1150-M – Locality plan
SEW–1150-M shows a typical locality plan arrangement that forms part of the Design
Drawings and shows details of the overall project and other general information required
for the project.
The locality plan should have a minimum scale of 1:2500 and provide enough information
for the site to be identified.
MRWA 29.8.2 SEW–1151-M – Detail plan
SEW–1151-M shows a typical detail plan arrangement that forms part of the Design
Drawings and shows specific design details of the project.
For larger developments, several detail plans may be required. The detail plan should
have a minimum scale of 1:500 and provide all information necessary for installation of
sewers, maintenance structures, appurtenances, property connection sewers, etc.
MRWA 29.8.3 SEW–1152-M – Longitudinal plan
SEW–1152-M shows a typical longitudinal plan (elevation). Because sewers operate
under gravity flow with critical grades, the longitudinal plan is provided to show depths and
positions of all critical elements and obstructions. It is an extension of the detail plan and
directly relates to all individual sections of the sewer, e.g. MH to MH.
The preferred scales for longitudinal plans are:
(a) Horizontal scale 1:500, and
(b) Vertical scale 1:100.
An individual Water Agency may have alternative format requirements or may require the
information to be shown in a tabular format.
MRWA 29.9 SEW–1153-M, SEW–1154-M AND SEW–1155-M – PROPERTY
CONNECTION DETAILS
These three Drawings show typical layouts of sewers and general arrangements for
property connection sewers. They also show various configurations as they relate to the
buried interface methods of property connection.
even if its laboratory measured modulus was apparently sufficient. Note that modulus is
determined in the laboratory using an oscillating dynamic load and extremely low strains.
Even a reasonably high modulus from this test is no guarantee that the material will not
settle or even collapse under its own weight.
Compaction requirements should be in accordance with the Design Drawings and
Clause 22.3. Compaction requirements are specified to ensure pipe structural support and
to prevent settlement that may cause damage to pavements and structures. Settlement at
any depth in a trench is ultimately likely to be reflected at the surface.
Compaction methods associated with the various embedment materials are described in
Part 3 and AS/NZS 2566.2. Except where sewers are being embedded in single size
aggregates, satisfactory compaction of embedment and trench fill usually requires the use
of powered portable compacting machines. In certain circumstances, manual methods of
compaction are suitable. Compaction lift thickness should not exceed 150 mm for hand
tampers and 300 mm for vibrators. Compaction can be achieved using hand tampers,
surface plate vibrators, vibratory rollers and/or internal vibrators.
Where the compactive force and bearing area of the compaction / construction equipment
is known, design in accordance with AS/NZS 2566.1 can be used to determine the
minimum height of cover before that load can be applied.
Flood compaction requires Water Agency approval and may only be suitable for free
draining soils. If used where soil is not free draining, the retained moisture makes
compaction, even mechanical compaction, very difficult, if not impossible.
Some pipe materials e.g. PE have a density less than that of water and can float even
when full of water. Methods used to prevent flotation should be as specified in the Design
Drawings or as authorised by the Superintendent.
Before installation, check all pipes and fittings for damage. Impact damage to GRP pipes
and fittings can be difficult to detect since it typically appears on the internal surfaces as
star cracks within the corrosion layer (gel–coat).
30.2 MAXIMUM DEPTH TO INVERT FOR STANDARD SUPPORT TYPES
Tables 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 and 30.4 specify default maximum depths to invert for trenches
complying with SEW–1201-V and with pipe support types nominated in SEW–1202. The
designs are conservative. Project-specific designs may be undertaken by an appropriately
qualified Designer where the stated assumptions for Tables 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 and 30.4 are
varied e.g. alternative pipe class or for actual geotechnical data from the site.
Applicable design standards are:
(a) AS/NZS 2566.1 for PVC–U, GRP and other flexible pipes.
(b) BS EN 1295–1, National Annex A for RC and VC.
Rigid pipe bedding factors and safety factors specified in BS EN 1295–1, National Annex A
are:
(i) Type 1 bedding factor = 1.5
(ii) Type 2 bedding factor = 1.9
(iii) Type 3 bedding factor = 2.2
(iv) Safety Factor: 1.25
TABLE 30.1
MAXIMUM DEPTH TO INVERT FOR PVC SEWERS
Pipe size Pipe stiffness Support type Minimum trench Maximum depth
class width (Note 2) to invert
DN SN mm m
150 8 3 450 5.7
225 8 3 600 5.7
300 8 3 750 5.8
375 8 3 850 5.9
NOTES:
1 Applicable to plain wall and profile wall pipes.
2 Trench width to be measured at the spring line. For a supported trench, trench width is the distance
between shields.
3 Native soil stiffness assumed to be 2 MPa.
4 Embedment stiffness assumed to be 6 MPa.
5 Add 150 mm bedding allowance to determine maximum trench depth.
TABLE 30.2
MAXIMUM DEPTH TO INVERT FOR GRP SEWERS
Pipe size Pipe stiffness Support type Minimum trench Maximum depth
class width (Note 1) to invert
DN SN mm m
300 5000 3 750 5.4
375 5000 3 850 5.4
450 5000 3 1000 5.5
525 5000 3 1200 5.5
600 5000 3 1300 5.6
675 5000 3 1350 5.7
750 5000 3 1400 5.8
900 5000 3 1600 5.9
1000 5000 3 1800 6.0
NOTES:
1 Trench width to be measured at the spring line. For a supported trench, trench width is the distance
between shields
2 Native soil stiffness assumed to be 2 MPa.
3 Embedment stiffness assumed to be 6 MPa.
4 Add 150 mm bedding allowance to determine maximum trench depth.
TABLE 30.3
MAXIMUM DEPTH TO INVERT FOR VC SEWERS
Pipe size Pipe class / Support type Minimum trench Maximum depth
crushing strength width (Note 1) to invert
DN mm m
1 450 7.1
150 34 2 450 8.9
3 450 10.0
1 550 5.3
200 Class 160 / 32 kN/m 2 550 6.7
3 550 7.7
1 600 5.3
225 Class 160 / 36 kN/m 2 600 6.7
3 600 7.7
1 650 5.3
250 Class 160 / 40 kN/m 2 650 6.7
3 650 7.7
1 750 5.5
300 Class 160 / 48 kN/m 2 750 6.9
3 750 8.0
continued
NOTES:
1 Trench width to be at the spring line. For a supported trench, trench width is distance between
shields.
2 Saturated clay native soil assumed.
3 Add 150 mm bedding allowance to determine maximum trench depth.
TABLE 30.4
MAXIMUM DEPTH TO INVERT FOR RC SEWERS
Pipe size Load class Support type Minimum trench Maximum depth
width (Note 1) to invert
DN mm m
1 1350 5.1
4
600 2 1350 6.3
(Z)
3 1350 7.2
1 1500 5.3
4
750 2 1500 6.4
(Z)
3 1500 7.3
1 1800 5.3
4
900 2 1800 6.4
(Z)
3 1800 7.3
1 1900 5.4
4
1050 2 1900 6.5
(Z)
3 1900 7.4
NOTES:
1 Trench width is measured at the spring line. For a supported trench, trench width is distance between
shields.
2 Saturated native clay soil assumed.
3 Assumed that native soil is non–aggressive to concrete, else pipes require external protection.
4 Assumed that pipes are internally lined with plastic.
5 Add 150 mm bedding allowance to determine maximum trench depth.
Trench fill material requirements will depend upon dead and live loadings and the
maximum allowable settlement of the fill material. Where the surface is not to be paved
and surface settlement is not important, the Design Drawings may nominate the re-use of
excavated material, after screening and/or removal of organic material and stones
>75 mm, above the embedment material up to the FSL.
30.5 SEW–1202 – STANDARD EMBEDMENT FLEXIBLE AND RIGID PIPES
SEW–1202 shows the deemed-to-comply embedment methods for good supportive soil
conditions for rigid pipes (Types 1 and 2) and for all pipe types (Types 3). Type 4 shows
the system to be used when geotextile filter fabric wrap is specified to prevent migration of
fines from the native soil into the granular embedment.
Single size coarse aggregate with particle sizes in accordance with Table 30.5 is the
preferred embedment material because of its self–compacting qualities.
TABLE 30.5
MAXIMUM PARTICLE SIZE
Selected cohesive soils may be used when approved by the Water Agency. They are more
difficult to place and compact, should only be considered for shallow pipelines not subject
to imposed live loads and require compaction testing.
The higher the granular content of the embedment material, particularly a higher gravel
content, the more supportive it becomes to the pipe, when an equivalent compactive effort
is used.
Embedment materials which are not covered by Purchase Specifications may be specified
by the Designer provided they have the consistency and moisture content suitable for
placement (without segregation) and can be compacted to a density that will achieve an
embedment modulus of at least 6 MPa. Refer to AS/NZS 2566.1 for soil moduli for different
materials at different densities.
30.6 SEW–1203 – SPECIAL EMBEDMENT INADEQUATE FOUNDATIONS
SEW–1203 shows deemed-to-comply embedment where poor ground conditions require
over-excavation and replacement. Engineering advice based on geotechnical information
from site is required to determine the appropriate embedment for poor ground conditions.
30.7 SEW–1204 – SPECIAL EMBEDMENT SUPPORT USING PILES
SEW–1204 shows the deemed-to-comply support and embedment where poor ground
conditions require piling. Engineering advice based on geotechnical information from site is
required to determine the appropriate support and embedment for poor ground conditions
and to provide structural details.
30.8 SEW–1205 – SPECIAL EMBEDMENT CONCRETE AND STABILISED SUPPORTS
NOTE: Concrete encasement is not permitted for PVC pipes.
SEW–1205 shows the deemed-to-comply concrete or stabilised sand embedment, typically
where protection of the sewer is necessary e.g. where minimum cover is not achievable or
where a structure is to be built over the sewer.
PVC, GRP and ABS pipe and/or fittings, which are to be cast directly into the concrete MH
base, should be prepared to enable a watertight bond either by:
(a) Sanding—by coating the external surface of the pipe or fitting with solvent and,
while the solvent is wet, applying a coating of sand; or
(b) Abrading—by thoroughly roughening the outside of the pipe or fitting without
destroying its integrity.
31.5 SEW–1303-V – MH CHANGE IN LEVEL ARRANGEMENTS
A table has been included for fall across MHs. External drop junction is not approved for
use.
SEW–1303 shows the typical arrangements for different level changes, using both external
drop junctions and falls across the MH. Design requirements for vertical alignment of a
sewer are specified in Clause 4.6. Construction requirements should be detailed in the
Design Drawings.
31.6 SEW–1304-V AND SEW–1305-V – MH CHANNEL ARRANGEMENTS AND
DETAILS
Minimum channel radius and MH base design have been included.
These two Drawings detail typical MH channel arrangements, orientations and details.
The internal diameter of the selected MH shaft will increase as the sewer diameter
increases and should be of sufficient size that all tangent points (for curves) are located
within the shaft. The internal diameter should also be sufficient to provide two relatively flat
work areas for maintenance purposes i.e. 2 x 300 mm diameter.
The centreline of the shaft sections may be positioned away from the sewer intersection
point to optimise the MH performance and ensure access for maintenance equipment,
while retaining all tangent points within the inside diameter of the MH shaft.
Design Drawings should detail the actual horizontal alignment for construction.
31.7 SEW–1306-V – ALTERNATIVE MH DROP CONNECTIONS
External MH drops have been deleted and internal drops revised.
SEW–1306 shows the typical arrangements for alternative drop connections at MHs.
Internal drops and drop chambers may be used where the MH is in rock (or similar) and it
is difficult the install a standard external drop (Refer to Drawing SEW–1303-V).
They may also be used for connections to existing MHs where the depth requirements
prevent safe trenching practices.
The design should be such that the sewage flow should be directed (flushed) into the
channel and not onto the bench, where deposited solids have the potential to create
odours.
31.8 SEW–1307-V – STEP IRONS AND LADDERS
Ladder details have been revised.
SEW–1307 shows various deemed-to-comply ladder and step iron arrangements.
Ladder / step iron requirements vary between Water Agencies and should not be included
on Design Drawings until requirements have been confirmed.
For sewers ≤DN 300 the ladder / step irons should be located directly over the outlet to
identify direction of flow and to give a lock–in point for plugs etc.
For sewers >DN 300 the ladder/step irons should be located at 90° to the sewage flow to
prevent maintenance personnel from stepping into the flow.
The formwork can be fabricated from any material not subject to corrosion by raw sewage
e.g. PVC, PE, ABS or GRP pipe sections. The fabrication includes a short riser of the
same material to allow the top formwork to be fully encased in concrete.
Recent experience has shown the spiral wound pipe is very suitable for this application
because it can be wound to any size required and various end connections can be
fabricated into the formwork.
It is critical that the MH shaft section, which connects the top of the concrete encasement
to the surface, straddles the sewer so that it is supported on the structural concrete either
side of the sewer and does not transmit a ‘punching” load directly onto the sewer.
This system can be utilised for any MH configuration e.g. straight, curved, ‘Y’ and ‘tee’.
31.11 SEW–1311 AND SEW–1312 – DEEP MHs
SEW–1311 and SEW–1312 not used by MRWA.
Very deep MHs may require a project or site-specific design. SEW–1311 and SEW–1312
are based on historic designs which incorporate functional requirements for deep sewers.
The Water Agency may specify alternative or additional requirements. Structural designs
for construction should be determined by a professional engineer (CP Eng or equivalent).
This information, together with the horizontal and vertical alignments for construction
purposes, should be shown on the Design Drawings.
31.12 SEW–1313-V, SEW–1314-V, SEW–1315-V AND SEW–1316 – MAINTENANCE
SHAFTS
SEW–1313 has been varied to include connection of profile wall polypropylene pipe.
SEW–1314 has been generally revised.
SEW–1315 has been varied to include additional information regarding bends.
These four Drawings detail typical MS, TMS and variable bend installations, connection
details and cover arrangements.
MSs and variable bends together with their installation combinations and practices are
specified in Clause 6.6.
The maximum MS depth should be 5 m.
The MS riser shaft should be sealed using a purpose-designed bayonet, screw or RRJ roll
fit cap with an integral handle for unlocking and/or lifting.
Covers and support system should be as specified (authorised) by the Water Agency.
31.13 SEW–1317 – TYPICAL MS COVER ARRANGEMENTS
SEW–1317 details typical connection methods for PE sewers into MHs. PE pipe has a
mechanical property that causes it to relieve itself (creep) when under stress, which in turn
has the potential to permit infiltration / exfiltration. The potential is prevented by locally
thickening the appropriate section of pipe combined with the use of a hydrophilic rubber
seal that expands when it comes in contact with water to provide a watertight seal.
MRWA 31.14 SEW–1350-M AND SEW–1351-M – INSPECTION SHAFT DETAILS
These Drawings have been included to show VC and PVC inspection shaft (IS)
arrangements.
These three Drawings show deemed-to-comply methods for above ground crossings of
depressions, waterways or valleys.
Aqueduct pipe systems using DI and steel pipe are suitable for use as a carrier pipe or as
an encasing pipe for other pipe materials e.g. PVC or PE. Expansion rates should be taken
into account during the design phase.
Where other arrangements are used, they should incorporate the following conditions /
features:
(a) For supported / suspended systems, the pipe material should be DI or steel.
(b) Pipe should be supported at spacings recommended by the manufacturer or
structural designer.
(c) Allowance should be made in the design for flood conditions.
(d) Provision should be made for pipe expansion and contraction.
(e) Provision should be made to prevent unauthorised access onto the pipeline.
(f) Consideration should be given to corrosion protection of the pipeline.
The Design Drawings should detail all requirements including pipe material, jointing
method, support spacings, expansion control methods, corrosion protection and abutment
details.
32.5 SEW–1407 AND SEW–1408 – VENTILATION SYSTEMS
The use of ventilation systems is subject to MRWA approval.
These two Drawings address the ventilation of sewers, showing deemed-to-comply induct
and educt vents that are constructed on larger diameter branch sewers. On trunk sewers, it
is common to utilise a forced air (fan) station to induce a stronger airflow.
Ventilation of sewers is a topical issue. Some Water Agencies do not allow the use of
venting systems. Water Agency requirements should be determined before commencing
any design.
Corrosion is a problem with all induct and educt vents and where possible, all exposed
surfaces should be manufactured from non–corrosive materials.
Vents should be aesthetically suitable for their installed location.
Note 6 of SEW–1408 discusses one method of preventing internal corrosion of galvanised
vent stacks by using it as an encasing pipe for a length(s) of PVC sewer pipe. Where this
system is used, the gap between the PVC pipe and the top of the stack should be sealed
using a mastic sealant, chamfered to deflect water away from the joint. The base should
also be provided with a drainage point to prevent condensation from building up in the
base and causing corrosion.
While galvanised steel vents are shown, other materials may be acceptable to the Water
Agency e.g. FRP and stainless steel.
Canister type air filters are commercially available, but these generally need a forced
airflow to ensure the air passes through the filter medium. Fans used for this purpose
should have flame proof motors and be manufactured from non–corrosive materials.
32.6 SEW–1409-V, SEW–1410 AND SEW–1411 – WATER SEAL ARRANGEMENTS
SEW–1409 has been varied. The water seal on the property connection has been deleted.
SEW–1410 not used by MRWA.
These three Drawings show deemed-to-comply methods for water seal arrangements on
sewers and MHs.
Water seals are hydraulic features that are used to prevent odours from escaping from
trunk, branch and reticulation sewers into inhabited areas.
Water seals can be incorporated into a conventional sewerage system design by
nominating local lowering the sewer to provide a water trap that prevents the passage of
sewer gases. Water traps should be constructed close enough to an adjacent MH or MS so
that blockages can be easily cleared.
Water seals can also be incorporated into MH by incorporating a water trap in the MH flow
path as shown on SEW–1410 and SEW–1411.
The options shown do not represent a national consensus. Some Water Agencies specify a
“boundary trap” between the sewer and the customer sanitary drain. The Designer should
determine the Water Agency requirement.
Design Drawings should detail the actual requirements for construction.
32.7 SEW–1412 – EMERGENCY RELIEF STRUCTURES
This particular arrangement requires Water Agency approval.
SEW–1412 shows typical flow relief structures for DN 150 to DN 375 sewers.
Flow relief structures are required where there is the potential for sewer overflows because
of blockages or insufficient capacity in the sewer. This type of system is included within the
sewer to ensure flow relief occurs at a planned rather than unplanned location. The Design
Drawings should identify the authorised overflow discharge points.
The Drawing shows one deemed-to-comply solution with baffles / screens to prevent the
release of fats and solids into the discharge area.
MRWA 32.8 SEW–1450-M – MARKER POSTS
This Drawing has been included to show approved marker post arrangements.
advisable, especially if the existing sewer is likely to require renovation before excavation
commences.
The “Reactive Base” option is required for rigid pipes and soils having a bearing pressure
less than 100 kPa (Refer to SEW–1200) in order to accommodate differential settlement
between the MH base and the sewer.
NOTES
Standard Drawings
and
Drawings