Prof Ed With Rationalization

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
Pre-Board Examination with Rationalization

1. The Reconstructionist philosophy influences classroom instruction
today. Teachers act as social engineers and students learn within the
classroom as a social laboratory. In line with this, teachers prepare the
youth for leadership and life skills. However, mandatory volunteerism
often results from this preparation due to the _________________.
A. Increased pressure from administrative and governmental entities
B. Emphasis on crediting and integration of civic education with existing
curriculum
C. Perceived sense of responsibility in the family and community
D. Desire to get more funding from civic-oriented organizations
Best Answer is B.
- Student are often required to do community-oriented activities to get
credit and/or grade. Such motivationist philosophy of having
the classroom as an avenue to effect social changes even without regard
to ratings and assessment.
2. Which of the following is provided for in Article XIV of the 1987

Philippine Constitution?
A. Academic freedom of teachers and students at all levels
B. Mandatory religious education in elementary and high schools
C. Protection of intellectual property rights
D. Advancement of free and compulsory secondary education
Best Answer is C.
- Article XIV encourages the promotion of creative works and the
protection of the rights of those who produce such creative, unique and
innovative outputs. For option A, academic freedom is enjoyed by higher
education only is optional not mandatory. For option D. only elementary
education is compulsory.
3. Modesty has not practiced her teaching profession for the past five
years. How many units of education courses should she take before she is
allowed to teach?
A. 12 units
B. 24 units
C. 15 units
D. 30 units
Best answer is A. Please read RA 9293
4. Teacher Laida is an elementary grades teacher. She is very active in

community activities. Every election time she serves as a member of the
election committee. Then, during one election period her uncle ran for
mayor. Laida got very much in the election campaign. Is teacher Laida‟s
action ethical?
A. Yes, because she should support her relative
B. Yes, because it‟s her role to serve the community
C. No, because she should be non-partisan
D. No, because serving during election time is very dangerous to life
Best Answer is C.
- According to the Code of Ethics for Teachers a teacher shall not engage
in promotion of any political, religious or other partisan interest.
1
5. At Masigasig Elementary School, parents were requested to help during
the Brigadaeskwela before the opening of classes. Mrs. Pedro the school
principal noticed that Ms. Lizardo, a newly hired teacher, was aloof and
was not interacting with parents. As the school head, what should Mrs.
Pedro do?
A. Asks Ms. Lizardo to do other tasks in the office until she is able to
adjust
B. Request the parents to invite Ms. Lizardo to join them
C. Cancel the activity so Ms. Lizardo will do the brigada herself
D. Advise Ms. Lizardo to supervise and join the parents in their
activities
Best Answer is D.
- The BrigadaEskwela Program is a collaborative work of the school and
the community especially with parents. Teachers are expected to lead in
preparing the school before classes begin, thus Ms. Lizardo should
establish good relationships with parents for the purpose.
6. Miss Sanchez engage her learners in activities where they develop

writing, critical thinking, problem solving skills and risk taking. Which
of these 21st century skills does Miss Sanchez possess?
A. Communication skills
B. Learning and innovation skills
C. Information and technology skills
D. Life and career skills
Best Answer is B.
- Since learning and innovation skills include the C‟s namely:
creativity, curiosity, and critical thinking problem solving skills.
Letter A is incorrect because communication skills include teaming.
Collaboration, interpersonal skills and interactive communication. Letter
C is incorrect because technology skills include visual, media and
scientific.
7. Matthew Arnold's ideal person is “the person whose powers are all in
balance”. The following have to be developed for a person to become
Arnold's ideal person EXCEPT?
A. Head, heart, hands and health
B. knowledge, skills, attitude
C. Brain, mind, reason
D. Cognitive, psychomotor and affective powers
Best Answer is C.
- Brain, Mind, Reason are cognitive powers only. No balance
8. A person is held responsible for his action because he _________.

A. Is mature C. Has instinct
B. Has choice D. Has reason
Best Answer is B - With choice comes responsibility
9. Both Muslim and Christian value marriage but the Muslim practice
polygamous marriage while the Christian practices monogamous marriage.
The polygamous Muslim should be viewed from the viewpoint of a Muslim and
not from that of a Christian. What is these called?
A. Cultural relativism C. Acculturation
B. Enculturation D. Non-rationalism
2
Best Answer is A.
- Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual’s beliefs and
activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s
own culture
10. When the teacher is convinced that it is best to teach students the
skill to adapt to change since change is the only thing permanent in this
world, he/she subscribes to which philosophy?
A. Realism C. Pragmatist
B. Existentialism D. Idealism
Best Answer is C - Pragmatists view the world as process and change
11. “Approach every pupil as he/she is without allowing yourself to be

influenced by your knowledge of his/her background” is an advice from
a/an _______________.
A. Rationalist
B. Positivist
C. existentialist- phenomenologist
D. Existentialist
Best Answer is C.
- The existential - phenomenologist’s attitude is one that views human
life or anyone from an outside objective point of view
12. Which of the following best describe the role of a teacher from a
perennialist perspective?
A. Expose the learner to up-to-date information about Science and Math
B. To reveal the wisdom of the ages such as those contained in the
Bible/Koran
C. To assist the learner to clarify his/her value priorities through
self-analysis
D. To give, interpret or analyzes complete information to the student
Best Answer is B.
- Perennialist believe that one should teach the things that one deems to
be of everlasting pertinence to all people everywhere
13. In problem-based learning, which kind of problems should teacher

give?
I. With one answer
II. With many possible answers
III. With one solution
A. II C. I
B. I and III D. II and III
Best Answer is A.
- Cooperative learning ends with the group members reflecting on the
group process they went through
14. How can one say the cooperative learning group observes individual
and group accountability?
I. The group is responsible in achieving its goals
II. Each member must be accountable for contributing a fair share of the
work toward the group goal
III. The performance of each individual must be assessed and the results
given back to the group
3
A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and III
D. I, II and III
Best Answer is D.
- In cooperative learning, the group teaches every member of the group
but each member is ultimately accountable to his/her own learning.
15. In writing a research report, which of the following must be not be

observed?
A. The technical details should be dealt with care.
B. The researcher should be oblivious of the style of presentation.
C. One should use the point of view preferred by the journal or the
readers of the journal.
D. An appropriate tense form must be utilized.
Best Answer is B.
- ‘Oblivious’ makes the statement incorrect. In writing a research
report, the researcher should be aware of the style of presentation, the
details and length of the account, the terminology used, etc.
16. Which part of lesson development is concerned with mood setting?

A. Application
B. Motivation
C. Deepening
D. Generalization
Best Answer is B - Motivation is getting the atmosphere for learning
17. In which situation is a learner-centered approach to curriculum

designing utilized?
A. The focus of learning is mastery in terms of content
B. Teacher considers learners‟ entry knowledge and skills
C. The class activity revolves around finding solutions to problems
D. Memorization and drill are important learning skills
Best Answer is B - Learner- centered approach is built upon the learner’s

knowledge, skills, previous learnings and potentials. A and D are
situations for subject matter where the primary approach is the subject
matter and C is problem-centered approach, where learners are directed in
resolving problems.
18. Which level of knowledge is manifested when a learner is able to

answer the question, “What was most confusing to me about the material
explored in class today?”
A. Factual knowledge
B. Conceptual knowledge
C. Procedural knowledge
D. Metacognitive knowledge
Best Answer is D.
- Metacognitive knowledge -knowledge of cognition in general, awareness
of knowledge of one’s own cognition, thinking about thinking. Not A
because factual knowledge are ideas, specific data or information; nor B
conceptual knowledge - facts that interrelate with each other. Not C -
because procedural knowledge is about how things work, or step-by-step
actions.
4
19. You wanted your students to learn the different bodies of water as a
part of your lesson. Which of these objectives is NOT appropriate for
your lesson?
A. Name the different kinds of bodies of water
B. Name ways by which we can protect the bodies of water
C. Draw the different kinds of bodies of water
D. Go on a field trip to study all the kinds of bodies of water
Best Answer is D.
- The first three objectives can be easily attained in a classroom
setting. In A, students can name the different bodies of water by showing
them video clips or still pictures while B and C objectives can be used
in the extension part of the topic. The last objective is difficult to
carry out since it involves a lot of money, time and effort on the part
of both teacher and the students
20. Mrs. Martinez observes that her students answer even when not called,
shout “Ma'am” to get her attention, and laugh when someone commits
mistakes. What should she do?
A. Set the rules for the class to observe
B. Send misbehaving students to the guidance counselor
C. Involve the whole class in setting rules of conduct for the whole
class
D. Send a report/letter to the parents about their child’s misbehavior in
class
Best Answer is A.
- It is more effective if Mrs. Martinez involves her class in setting
rules of conduct for the whole class than just the teacher setting rules
for the class to observe (Choice A) since the students are the ones
setting rules for themselves. In choice A, the teacher is too autocratic.
Choices B and D maybe done only if teacher can no longer solve the
problem by herself.
21. Teacher Raymond, a Social Studies Teacher, wants his grade 7 students
to express their opinions, sentiments, and ideas regarding a certain
government issue in the national level. Which of the following can he
BEST use to facilitate such?
A. Forum
B. Blog
C. E-mail
D. Group Messaging
Best Answer is A.
- Forum would be the best platform to be used when expressing opinions
and ideas. It induces greater interaction among students as compared to
the other choices since students in such platform are given the chance to
exchange their ideas and opinions instantly. The use of Blogs (choice, e-
mails (choice C), and group messaging (choice D) would be possible yet
too difficult to facilitate the exchange of ideas and opinions
22. Good discipline is characterized by _______

A. Self-direction
B. Giving command
C. Unquestioning docility and conformity
D. Coercion and punishment
Best Answer is A.
5
- The strongest proof that one has discipline is his/her abilities to
direct himself/herself
23. Individual aspects of writing involve interactions among four

components. Which of the following is not included?
A. Working memory
B. Motivation
C. Cognitive processes
D. Interim memory
Best Answer is D.
- ‘Interim’ means temporary. Individual aspects of writing involve
interactions among four components; working memory, motivation, cognitive
processes, and long-term memory.
24. Which of the following strategies belong to both expository and

exploratory approach?
A. Inductive and inquiry
B. Deductive and cooperative
C. Laboratory and problem-solving
D. Lecture discussion and direct instruction
Best Answer is B.
- Expository method is deductive method and cooperative approach allows
learners to explore
25. Mrs. Alonzo, the principal of Mabuhay Elementary School, firmly

supports the idea that students have an active role in constructing their
own knowledge. Thus, she encouraged her teachers to employ student-
centered activities on their classes. What theory of learning does Mrs.
Alonzo adhere to?
A. Experimental C. Meta-cognition
B. Constructivism D. Problem-based
Best Answer is B.
- Constructivism to the theory that learners can construct their own
knowledge
26. Mrs. Rivera wants to help her students retain new information learned
in Earth Science. Which of the following strategies should she best
apply?
A. Dramatization C. Mnemonics
B. Discussion D. Games
Best Answer is C - Mnemonic device - memory aid.
27. Which of the following teacher actions exemplifies the generative

approach of instruction? The teacher ______
A. Provides explicit direction and explanations on how to do a task
B. Provides opportunities to students to make own linkages to prior
knowledge
C. Assumes responsibility for linking information with students‟ prior
knowledge
D. Present information in an ordered sequence in which component sub
skills are taught directly
Best Answer is B.
6
- From the word “generative” teacher generates/knowledge thinking showing
relations.
28. What may cause a poor classroom instruction?

A. Adverse Community influence.
B. Substandard teaching competence of teachers.
C. Wholesome physical conditions of the classroom
D. Over supply of teaching-learning aids
Best Answer is B.
- The teacher is the single most important influence in the teaching-
learning progress.
29. A teacher who says “girls are emotional and very sensitive while boys
are not” is practicing gender ______________
A. Bias
B. Stereotyping
C. Sensitivity
D. Discrimination
Best Answer is B.
- stereotyping is a fixed, overgeneralized belief about a particular
group or class of people.
30. Teacher A starts with concrete examples of sentences as contrasted

with sentence fragments then asks the class to differentiate sentence
fragments from sentences. Which method does Teacher A apply?
A. Inductive
B. Integrative
C. Deductive
D. Reflective
Best Answer is A.
- In the inductive method, teaching proceeds from details of examples to
generalization or definition
31. Teacher's management style allows students to formulate classroom

rules with him/her but makes clear that there are matters which only
teacher can make decisions on. Which classroom management is best
described?
A. Democratic
B. Autocratic
C. Consultative
D. Assertive
Best Answer is D.
- Teachers can also communicate appropriate levels of dominance by
exhibiting assertive behavior. Assertive behavior is the ability to stand
up for one’s legitimate rights in ways that make it less likely that
others will ignore or circumvent them.
32. A democratic teacher will allow the group to make the decision
together. Is this correct?
A. No
B. Sometimes
C. Yes
D. Somewhat
7
Best Answer is C.
- In democratic management style, teacher consults parents, country, etc.
and decide together.
33. Many researchers have identified important components of classroom

management, including beginning the school year with a positive emphasis
on management, and identifying and implementing rules and operating
procedures. How many these components of classroom management be
described?
I. Reactive
II. Preventive
III. Proactive
A. II and III C. I, II, and III
B. I only D. II only
Best Answer is A.
- Reactive classroom management style happens when teacher does something
only when the misbehavior has already occurred. Preventive and proactive
styles are observed when teacher does something to prevent disruptive
behavior from occurring.
34. How can teachers build strong relationships with passive students due
to fear relationships and fear of failure?
I. Refrain from criticism
II. Reward small successes
III. Create classroom climate in which students feel safe from
aggressive people
A. I only C. II and III
B. I and II D. I, II and III
Best Answer is D.
Examples of positive classroom interactions with all students.
Teachers, for example:
● Make eye contact with each student. Teachers can make eye contact by
scanning the entire room as they speak and by freely moving about all
sections of the room
● Deliberately move toward and stand close to each student during the
class period. Make sure that the seating arrangement allows the teacher
and students clear and easy ways to move around the room.
● Attribute the ownership of ideas to the students who initiated them.
For instance, in a discussion the teacher might say, “Cecilia just added
to Aida‟s idea by saying that….”
● Allow and encourage all students to
participate in class discussions and interactions. Make sure to call on
students who do not commonly participate, not just those who respond most
frequently
● Provide appropriate wait time for all students to respond to questions
regardless of their past performance or your perception of their
abilities
35. Continuously scanning the classroom even when teacher is working with
small group illustrates Robert Kounin’s__________________
A. Withitness C. Aggressiveness
B. Diligence D. Sensitiveness
Best Answer is A.
- Withitness refers to teacher’s awareness of what goes on in all parts
of the classroom at all times.
8
36. A child who is having a difficulty containing himself is asked to do
an errand. By the time he comes back, the rest of the class has calmed
down. Which classroom management technique was employed?
A. Proximity control
B. Antiseptic bouncing
C. Signal Interference
D. Walking around
Best Answer is B.
- Antiseptic bouncing involves removing a student, in a non-punitive
fashion, from the environment in which the difficulty is occurring. At
school, the child may be sent on an errand. At home, the child may be
asked to retrieve an object for a parent. During this time, the student
has an opportunity to regain a sense of calm. Upon returning, the problem
has typically diminished in magnitude and the adult is on hand for
support, if needed.
37. What does constructive alignment mean in outcomes-based lesson

planning?
A. The learning outcomes are the bases of teaching-learning activities
and assessment tasks
B. The content is the basis for assessment task
C. The content is the basis for teaching methodology and assessment task
D. The assessment task is the basis of teaching methodology
Best Answer is A.
- In Outcome-Based Education (OBE), outcomes as the name implies are the
bases of content, teaching-learning methodologies and assessment task.
38. A fourth grade teacher wanted to show the parts of the heart using a
large rubber visual material with all the different parts inside as a
heart actually looks. Under which category is this visual aid classified?
A. Realia
B. Mock-up
C. Model
D. Picture
Best Answer is C.
- The model should be used to give the pupil the concept of the whole
object as it actually appears. A mock up, however, does not present to
the pupil the actual appearance of the object itself. It is usually “laid
out” in a board with each part labelled. It re-arranges the parts,
disregards their relative size and emphasizes certain functional
relationships instead of being a faithful reproduction of the object as
in a model. Models are essentially imitations of the real objects in as
many respects as possible except in size.
39. Cluster is the enemy of comprehension. How is this applied in

PowerPoint presentation?
I. Have a clear space
II. Keep the number of words to the minimum
III. Use large fonts and headlines
IV. Use bullets not words
A. I and II
B. I, II and IV
C. II and III
D. I, II and III
9
Best Answer is D.
- Clutter is the enemy of comprehension. Aside from strong use of images,
keep the number of words to the bare minimum. The more your audience is
reading the screen, the less it is listening to you. Use large fonts and
headlines and don’t be afraid of clear space. Bullet points are a form of
slow torture and death for your audience. You may still think you need to
set out and categorize your points. If you feel you must, use words and
titles instead of bullets. They make more sense to an audience and are
visually more appealing.
40. In the learning situation described before his item, which would be
the best assessment type that Teacher Marie may employ?
A. Select-response type
B. Construct-response type
C. Performance-base type
D. Product-base type
Best Answer is D.
- An essay expressing gratitude and determination to improve weaknesses
is an example of product, a mode of assessment.
41. A reader uses metacognition when she _________.

I. Identifies difficult sentences or passages
II. Restates a sentence/passage in her own words
III. Reacts to the text
A.I only
B. III only
C. II only
D. I, II and III
Best Answer is D
- A reader uses metacognition when she:
● Previews the text and make predictions
● Makes connections to personal experiences or other texts
● Asks clarifying questions
● Identifies difficult sentences or passages
● Restates in her own words
● Reacts to the text
42. Which of the following is /are examples of “thinking stems,” or

sentence starters that can prompt reflective thinking?
I. “I’m thinking…”
II. “I’m wondering…”
III. “From this chapter, I learned…”
IV. “From what I read, I realize…”
A. I, II and IV
B. II, III and IV
C. I, II and III
D. I, III and IV
Best Answer is A
- launching sequence for metacognition includes concrete experiences,
wordless picture books, a graphic organizer, and easy-to-obtains tools
(in this case, free paint chips from your local home improvement store)
to help students to become metacognitive about their reading. She also
includes “thinking stems” or sentence starters that can prompt reflective
thinking such as “I’m thinking ….”, “I’m wondering ….” or “I’m noticing…”
10
43. Which can promote critical thinking and creativity in reading
classroom?
I. Graphic organizers
II. Brainstorming
III. Convergent questions
A.I only C. II and III
B. II only D. I and II
Best Answer is D.
- Research tells us that there five main curriculum features crucial to
advancing critical thinking and creativity in reading classrooms - meta-
cognitive skills, graphic organizers, brainstorming and outlining,
teacher-led conferences, and drawing. The main components that enhances
these five significant features is a cooperative learning environment
where student’s understanding is developed through peer collaboration.
44. Which may help establish creativity in reading?

I. Writing experience stories together as a group
II. Playing listening-and-seeing games
III. Writing imaginative stories o poems
A. I, II and III
B. II and III
C. I and II
D. I and III
Best Answer is D.
- creativity in reading may be established in several ways: by writing
experience stories together as a group, by playing listening-and-seeing
games, by dramatizing, pictures and plays, and by writing imaginative
stories or poems
45. If a pupil is unable to read proficiently while others around him/her

can, over time his/her belief in his/her ability to read will be
negatively impacted (Solheim 2011). Based on this research finding, which
factor contributes to the pupil’s reading problem?
A. Working memory
B. Reading strategy
C. Self-efficacy
D. Reading disability
Best Answer is C.
- Self-efficacy is a belief in one’s capacity to achieve a goal.
46. Which statement/s on motivation is/are TRUE?

I. Motivation is not necessarily something that learners bring to school
II. Motivation can arise from environmental condition at school
III. Teachers motivate students to learn and behave in ways that promote
their long-term success and productivity
A. II only
B. I and II
C. III only
D. I, II and III
Best Answer is D.
- Motivation makes students more focused, make them persevere until they
realize their goals.
11
47. Metacognitive processes favorably influence learning. Which does NOT
belong to the metacognitive processes?
A. Self-reflection
B. Self-responsibility and initiative
C. Goal setting
D. Remembering
Best Answer is D.
- Metacognitive learning is knowing what to learn and how to learn. It
consists of two basic processes occurring simultaneously: (1) monitoring
your progress as you learn, and (2) making changes and adapting your
strategies if you perceive you are not doing so well. It’s about self-
reflection and initiative, as well as goal setting and time management.
48. .which is/are the effect/s of motivation on students‟ learning and

behavior?
I. Directs behavior toward particular goals.
II. Leads to increased effort and energy
III. Increase initiation of and persistence in activities
A. I, II C. II and III
B. I only D. I, II and III
Best Answer is D.
- Motivation directs behavior towards particular goals. Individuals set
goals for themselves and direct their behavior accordingly. Motivation
leads to increased effort and energy. Motivation increases the amount of
effort and energy that learners expend in activities directly related to
their needs and goals lackadaisically. Motivation increases initiation of
and persistence in activities. Learners are more likely to begin a task
they actually want to do. They are also more likely to continue working
at it until they’ve completed it, even if they are occasionally
interrupted or frustrated in the process.
49. Which qualities of personal relationship create positive climate?

I. Stability
II. Trust
III. Caring
IV. Clandestine
A. I, II and IV C. I, III and IV
B. III and IV D. I, II and III
Best Answer is D.
-Clandestine - characterized by secrecy or concealment; no openness,
therefore unfavorable.
50. Being, a preschooler, insists on getting noodles for himself from the
serving dish each time his family attends a gathering, even though he
usually drops pasta on the floor. When his mother tries to assist him, he
brushes his mother off and insists on doing it himself. In the context of
Erikson’s psychosocial development theory, what stage of psychosocial
development best describes Bing’s behavior?
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
D. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
Best Answer is D. - Preschoolers tend to have the “can do” attitude.
12
51. When a child says that the sun is sleeping at night, the child is in
the pre-operational stage, particularly ________________.
A. Animism C. Egocentrism
B. Centration D. Reversibility
Best Answer is A.
- This is the tendency of the child to attribute human traits to
inanimate objects.
52. Lutz and Huitt (2004) said that the one of the most important skills
a student should have in the 21st century is the ability to get along
with a wide variety of people. What should a teacher do to address this
in a classroom setting?
A. Provides students hands-on and minds-on activities.
B. Incorporate teaching strategies that aid cognitive development.
C. Use teaching strategies that promote social interaction in the
classroom.
D. Provide activities that can enhance students‟ ability to talk and
share ideas.
Best Answer is C.
- based on the principles of Piaget, learning is totally dependent on
interaction with the environment. Likewise, Vygotsky who was a social
constructivist believe that people learn by social interaction and
learning from others.
53. In Bruner's three-tiered learning, which is action-based?

A. Enactive learning
B. Iconic learning
C. Inactive learning
D. Symbolic learning
Best Answer is A.
- Enactive representation is action based iconic representation image-
based, symbolic representation - image-based.
54. Based on Kohlberg's theory, what is the level of moral development

shown when children generally do what is right in order to come up with
their parents and teachers‟ expectations of a good child?
A. Conventional
B. Formal
C. Post-conventional
D. Pre-conventional
Best Answer is A.
- Moral reasoning is based on the approval of others, law and order -
Conventional morality.
55. Which of the following laws states that we tend to fill the gaps in
figures as we perceive them?
A. Law of Proximity C. Law of Similarity
B. Law of Closure D. Law of Pragnanz
Best Answer is B.
- We tend to enclose a space by completing a contour and ignore gaps in
figures - Law of Closure.
13
56. Lutz and Huit (2004) in their study on cognitive development and
constructivism, said that, “Educators must activate previous experiences
and knowledge in order to effectively present new information in a
context that students can readily process.” What does this statement
implies?
A. Learning is cumulative
B. Drill and review are important in the teaching-learning process
C. The teacher must connect his/her lesson to students past experiences
or meaning and understanding
D. The teacher must incorporate appropriate teaching strategies in order
to aid cognitive development effectively
Best Answer is C.
- Piaget believed that there are four distinct cognitive stages of
development which all children go through in specific order. Each stage
has a distinct characteristics. It is implied then that timing and
readiness of a student for a particular lessons are important in the
teaching learning process. One way to do is activating previous
experiences and knowledge or giving a review in order to connect previous
lessons to the present lesson.
57. Greeno (1989) said that thinking is the result of the interaction
between the individual and the environment. Which if the theories of
development support/s the idea of Greeno?
I. Erikson’s psychological theory of development
II. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development
III. Paget’s stages of cognitive development
IV. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory
A. III only C. III and IV
B. I and III D. I, II, III and IV
Best Answer is C
- Thinking is the action of using one’s mind to produce ideas. It
precedes learning. Piaget and Vygotsky both believe that learning is a
result of the individual’s interaction with the environment.
58. What is the teaching-learning application of Greeno‟s statement that

thinking is a result of the interaction between the individual and the
environment?
I. Social interaction plays a role in learning
II. Collaborative approach should be used in the classroom
III. Teacher should provide hands-on activities
IV. visual/instructional materials should be used in teaching
A. I and II only C. I, II and III
B. III and IV D. I, II, III and IV
Best Answer is D. - all the choices promote learner’s interaction with

his/her environment.
59. Teacher Rose begins a lesson on basic dance position by demonstrating

the arms and feet position in slow motion and physically guiding her
students through the correct movements. As her students become more
skillful, she just gives verbal instruction. With Vygotsky’s theory in
mind. What does Teacher Rose do?
A. Guide participation C. Apprenticeship
B. Peer interaction D. Scaffolding
Best Answer is D.
14
- Scaffolding is the systematic manner of providing assistance to the
learner to effectively acquire a skill.
60. Based on Freud's theory, which operates when Mario lends his bicycle
to his friend Julius who was crying for it?
A. Ego
B. Superego
C. Id
D. Id and Ego
Best Answer is B. - Superego is related to the ego ideal of conscience
61. Prof. Pacis measures learning by the outward expression of new

behaviors only such as ability to solve math ease. Which such theory does
she apply?
A. Cognitivism
B. Social learning theory
C. Behaviorist theory
D. Multiple intelligence
Best Answer is C.
- Behaviorists theory learning points that expressed or outward behavior
is the only way to prove learning took place.
62. On which principle is your conviction based if you provide positive

reinforcement whenever a learner performs an acceptable behavior on her
own?
A. Cognitivism
B. Behaviorism
C. Constructivism
D. Psychoanalytic
Best Answer is B.
- Behaviorism emphasizes that behavior is most learned through
conditioning and reinforcement (rewards and punishment).
63. Which one correctly and completely explains Bandura's reciprocal

determinism?
A. A person’s behavior, environment, and personal qualities all
reciprocally influence each other
B. A person’s behavior and environment reciprocally influence each other
C. A person’s behavior and personal qualities all reciprocally influence
each other
D. A person’s behavior is not reciprocally influence by environment
Best Answer is A.
- Bandura put forward “reciprocal determinism” that holds the view that a
person’s behavior, environment and personal qualities all reciprocally
influence each other. He argues that children from observing others as
well as from “model” behavior, which are processes involving attention,
retention, reproduction and motivation.
64. Which of these DOES NOT belong to the Bronfenbrenner's microsystem as

a factor on human development?
A. Family C. Peers
B. School D. Local politics
Best Answer is D.
15
- Microsystem: Refers to the institutions and groups that most
immediately and directly impact the child’s development including:
family, school, religious institutions, neighborhood, and peers.
65. Of the five different levels of environment in Bronfenbrenner's

ecological theory, which is the closest to the learner and the most
influential?
A. Microsystem C. Macrosystem
B. Mesosystem D. Exosystem
Best Answer is A.
- The microsystem is the most influential, has the closest relationship
to the person, and is the one where direct contact occurs. The mesosystem
consists of interactions between a person's microsystems.
66. Which is an example of a child's mesosystem that does NOT work

favorably for the child?
A. The child is not in good terms with his peers
B. There is so much hostility at home
C. The child's parent and teacher are at odds
D. The child is sickly
Best Answer is C.
- The mesosystem consists of the interactions between the different parts
of a person's microsystem. The mesosystem is where a person's individual
microsystems do not function independently, but are interconnected and
assert influence upon another. These interactions have an indirect impact
on the individual. One aspect of a child's mesosystem would be the
relationship between his parents and his teacher. His parents take an
active role in his school, such as attending parent/teacher conferences
and volunteering in his classroom. This has a positive impact on his
development because the different elements of his microsystem are working
together. A child's development could be affected in a negative way if
the different elements of his microsystem were working against one
another.
67. Which is an example of a child's exosystem that does not work

favorably for the child?
A. A child gets bullied in school
B. Mother gets a job promotion and so has less time for supervision of
her child's homework
C. The teacher plays favorites
D. The child is asthmatic
Best Answer is B.
- The exosystem refers to a setting that does not involve the person as
an active participants, but still affects them. This includes decisions
that have bearing on the person, but in which they have no participation
in the decision-making process. An example would be a child being
affected by a parent receiving a promotion at work or losing his/her job.
68. A Filipino master’s degree graduate is surprised to know that he

cannot proceed to the doctorate program applied for in Louvain, Belgium
because of the short ten-year basic education. Based on Bronfenbrenner's
theory, to which system in the environment can this be attributed?
A. Mesosystem C. Macrosystem
B. Exosystem D. Chronology system
16
Best Answer is C.
- Macrosystems includes the culture's belief systems and ideology that
influence the child.
69. Learning is incorporating and hierarchically organizing new material

into one's cognitive structures. Which theory is explained?
A. Bandura's social learning theory
B. Ausubel's subsumption theory
C. Bronfenbrenner's bio-ecological
D. Piaget's cognitive theory
Best Answer is B.
- To subsume is to incorporate new material into one's cognitive
structures. From Ausubel's perspective, this is the meaning of learning.
When information is subsumed into the learner's cognitive structure it is
organized hierarchically.
70. According to Ausubel's subsumption theory, meaningful learning takes

place when new material or relationships can be derived from the existing
structure. Information can be linked to other concepts or information to
create new interpretations or meaning. Which process is explained?
A. Correlative subsumption
B. Derivative subsumption
C. Advanced subsumption
D. Delayed subsumption
Best Answer is B.
- Correlative subsumption-new material is an extension or elaboration of
what already known. Derivative subsumption-new material is an extension
or relationships can be derived from the existing structure. Information
can be moved in the hierarchy, or linked to other concepts or information
to create new interpretations or meaning. From this type of subsumption,
completely new concepts can emerge, and previous concepts can be changed
or expanded to include more of the previously existing information. This
is "figuring Out"
71. Which does Tolman's term of latent learning mean?

A. Learning that is hidden and not told
B. Learning which is not manifested at the time of learning but which
manifests later when a suitable motivation and circumstances appear
C. Secretive learning that is not expressed
D. Mental learning that is not made explicit
Best Answer is B.
- Tolman's latent learning is defined as learning which is not apparent
in the learner's behavior at the time of learning, but which manifests
later when a suitable motivation and circumstances appear. The idea of
latent learning was not original to Tolman, but he developed in further.
72. Young develop on their executive and sustained attention. What are
indicators of executive functioning?
I. Inhibiting a strong tendency that is incorrect
II. Shifting attention to another topic/item
III. Waiting longer to get a more attractive reward
A. I, II and III C. I and II
B. I and III D. II and III
Best Answer is A.
17
- Executive functional self-regulation skills are the mental process that
enable us to plan, focus attention remember, and juggle multiple tasks.
73. Mr. Andres set his objective in his Grade 7 Mathematics class; „‟the
student should be able to solve world problems using percentage‟. Which
of the following test items should he ask to measure the attainment of
his objective?
A. John correctly answered 8 out of 12 questions on a test. What part of
the total number of items is this?
B. Maria got 90 percent of her test correct. If there were 50 items in
the test, what was her raw score?
C. Determine if this equation is correct or incorrect. Why/: 0.02=20%
D. Myda use 3/4 meters of fencing materials. How much materials if left?
Best Answer is B.
- This option is a word problem anchored on a context and requires the
application of basic principles on percentage to get the required answer.
Option A & C require understanding of fraction in terms of being part of
a whole while option C simply involves knowledge of converting decimals
to percent.
74. Michael got a score of 60 which is equivalent to a 75th percentile

rank in a science test. Which of the following is not True?
A. His score is below the 7th decile
B. He scored above 75% of his classmates.
C. If the passing mark is the 7th decile, he passed the test.
D. Twenty-five percent of the class got scores 60 and above.
Best Answer is A.
- The correct answer is A since 7th decile is lower than 75th percentile.
Option B, C And D are all correct statements because for a 75th
percentile rank, 75% of the scores are lower than 75% percentile and that
25% of the scores are 60% and above and so, Michael passed the test.
75. Ronald rank 10th in a class of 40. Assuming that there are no ties,
what is the percentile rank of Ronald?
A. 10 C. 75
B. 25 D. 90
Best Answer is D.
- The correct answer is D since he belongs to the upper 10% of the class.
Options A, B and C are not correct because if the percentile rank of
Ronald is 75 or below, his rank is lower
76. Which of the following is not an internal factor affecting students’

listening comprehension?
A. Problems in language proficiency
B. Lack of motivation to listen
C. Age, attention span, reaction and sensitivity
D. Speed of delivery and different accents of the speakers
Best Answer is D.
- Internal factors refer to the learner characteristics, language
proficiency, memory, age, gender, background knowledge as well as
aptitude, motivation, and psychological and physiological factors.
- External factors are mainly related to the type of language input and
tasks and the context in which listening occur.
18
77. Based on the Enhanced Basic Education act of 2013, which does basic
education in the Philippines encompass?
I. Kindergarten
II. Elementary
III. Secondary
IV. ALS
A.II and III C.I II and III
B.I II III and IV D.I and II
Best Answer is B.
- Legal basis: Section 2, 2nd sentence. Section 1.Short Title. - This Act
shall be known as the "Governance of Basic Education Act of 2001."
Section 2 .Declaration of Policy. - It is hereby declared the policy of
the State to protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality
basic education and to make such education accessible to all by providing
all Filipino children a free and compulsory education in the elementary
level and free education in the high school level. Such education shall
also include alternative learning systems for out-of-school youth and
adult learners. It shall be the goal of basic education to provide them
with the skills, knowledge and values they need to become caring, seIf-
reliant, productive and patriotic citizens.
78. Assessment is said to be authentic when the teacher _______.

A. considers student's suggestion in testing
B. gives student’s real-life tasks to accomplish
C. gives valid and reliable paper-and-pencil test
D. includes parents in the determination of assessment procedures.
Best Answer is B.
- Authentic assessment is an assessment applying real life situation.
79. If teacher Mario want to test is students' synthesizing skills? Which

of the following has the highest diagnostic value?
A. completion test C. multiple choice test
B. performance test D. essay test
Best Answer is D.
- Essay test is the most appropriate tool to measure the synthesizing
skills of the students.
80. Which of the following statement about marking on a normative basis?

A. the normal distribution curve should be followed.
B. most of the students get low scores
C. most of the students get high scores
D. the grading should base from the given criteria
Best Answer is A.
- Marking on a normative basis follow the normal distribution curve.
81. At the end of the school year, all third year students presented
their portfolio in English subject. Student, teachers, and other
stakeholders were asked to view and give their comments regarding what
was viewed. Which authentic assessment was organized?
A. exhibits C. conference
B. program D. seminar
Best Answer is C.
19
- Conference is a form of meeting or symposium for public discussion of
some topic especially one in which the participants from an audience and
make presentations and assessment s regarding what was viewed.
82. What are the characteristics of a good assessment instrument?

I. Objectivity
II. Validity
III. Reliability
IV. Practicality and efficiency
A. I, II, IV
B. II, IV
C. I, II, III
D. I, II, III, IV
Best Answer is D.
- All given are characteristics of a good assessment instrument.
83. Teacher Carla constructed a matching type test item. In her column of
discriminations are combinations of president, current issues, and
sports. Which rule of constructing a matching type test item was NOT
followed?
A. the options must be greater than the descriptions
B. the descriptions must be homogeneous
C. the descriptions must be heterogeneous
D. arrange the options according to order
Best Answer is B.
- In developing a matching type test item, the descriptions and options
must be homogeneous.
84. Teacher Marian gives a 50-item test in English where the mean
performance of the group is 40 and the standard deviation is 6. Mark
obtained a score of 45. Which of the following best described his
performance?
A. below average
B. average
C. Above average
D. outstanding
Best Answer is C.
- Mean performance is 40, standard deviation is 6 and Mark's score is 45.
The score of Mark is within Mean + 1 standard deviation which is 46 hence
his performance is above average. The score of Mark is above the mean.
85. A portfolio assessment requires a presentation of a collection of

student's work. What is the purpose of the said activity?
I. To showcase the current abilities and skills of the learners
II. To show growth and development of the learners
III. To evaluate the cumulative achievement of the learners
A. I, II and III
B. I and II
C. I and III
D. II and III
Best Answer is A.
- Statements I, II and III describes the purpose of portfolio assessment.
20
86. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group when we talk
about projective personality test?
A. sentence completion test
B. Interview
C. Word association test
D. Thematic Apperception Test
Best Answer is B.
- Sentence completion, word association test and Thematic Apperception
Test are all projective personality test while interview cannot be
considered a test purse.
87. Which of the following is the main purpose of administering a pre-

test and post-test to the students?
A. measure the value of the materials used.
B. accustom the students in frequent testing
C. measure gains in learning
D. measure the effectiveness of instruction
Best Answer is C.
- The main purpose of administering a pre-test and post-test is to
measure the gains of learning
88. Which of the following is/are true about matching type of test?
I. The descriptions and options must be homogeneous
II. The options at the first column and the descriptions at the second
column
III. The number of options must be greater than the number of
descriptions
IV. There must be at least three items
A. II, III, IV
B. I, II, IV
C. I, II, III
D. I, III, IV
Best Answer is D.
- Statements I, III and IV are all guidelines in developing a matching
type of test.
89. Which statements is true in a bell- shaped curve?

A. There are more high scores than low scores
B. Most of the scores are high
C. The scores are normally distributed
D. There are more low scores than high scores
Best Answer is C.
- Bell-shaped curve means that the scores are normally distributed.
90. Miguel's score in Mathematics class is 94 which is equal to 97th

percentile. What does this mean?
A. 97% of Miguel's classmates got a score higher than 94
B. 97% of Miguel's classmates got a score lower than 94
C. Miguel's score is less than 97% of his classmates
D. Miguel is higher than 97% of his classmates
Best Answer is B.
- This can be written as P=94, meaning 97% of Miguel's classmate got a
score lower than 94.
21
91. The discrimination index of a test item is 0.35. What does this mean?
A. More students in the lower group got the item correctly than those
students in the upper group
B. More students in the upper group got the item correctly than those
students in the lower group
C. The number of the students in the lower group and upper group who got
the item correctly are equal
D. More students from the upper group got the item correctly
Best Answer is B.
- Discriminating index of 0.35, which means that it is positive
discrimination. Meaning, more students from the upper group got the item
correctly than those students from the lower group
92. Teacher Annie is talking about "grading on the curve" in a district

meeting. What does this mean?
A. A student grade determines whether or not a student attains a defined
standard of achievement
B. A student grade tells how closely he is achieving to his potential
C. A student grade compares his achievement to his effort
D. A student grade depends on how his achievement compares with the
achievements of other students in a class
Best Answer is D.
- Grading on the curve means, the performance of the students in a
certain test is relative to the performance of the other students. In
other words, the performance of a certain student is compared to the
performance of the other students.
93. Which of the following statement best describes norm-referenced

interpretation?
A. Ana performed better in mathematics than 85% of his classmates
B. Ana was able to get 60% of the items correctly
C. Ana got 40 items correctly out of 50 items
D. Ana was able to answer his test in 45 minutes only
Best Answer is A.
- Norm-referenced interpretation means, comparing the performance of the
students relative to the performance of others. The statement, Ana
performed better in Mathematics than 85% of his classmates’ means that
Ana got a score higher than 85% of his classmates
94. Which of the following instructional objectives is the highest level

of Bloom's cognitive taxonomy?
A. Compute the standard deviation value: 25,27,30,33 and 36
B. Identify the kinds of measures of variation
C. Compare and contrast quartile deviation and standard deviation
D. Explain the concept of variation
Best Answer is C.
- Compare and contrast quartile deviation and standard deviation is a
synthesis level of cognitive domain.
95. Mark's scores in Filipino quizzes are as follows: 96, 90, 85, 89, 65,
99, 84, 82. What is the mean value?
A. 83.25 C. 85.25
B. 84.25 D. 86.25
22
Best Answer is D.
- The sum of all the scores is 690 divided by 8, equal to 86.25. Hence
the mean or average value is 86.25.
96. Which one does not appeal to tactile learners?

A. movement’s activities
B. games
C. group activities
D. posters
Best Answer is D.
- Posters. If you are a tactile learner, you learn by touching and doing.
You understand and remember things through physical movement. You are a
"hands-on" learner who prefers to touch, move, build, or draw what you
learn, and you tend to learn better when some type of physical activity
is involved.
97. When small children call all animals “dogs”, what process is
illustrated, based on Piaget’s cognitive development theory?
A. Assimilation
B. Conservation
C. Reversion
D. Accommodation
Best Answer is A.
- Assimilation is using an existing schema to deal with a new object or
situation or to fit an existing schema to a new situation. Accommodation
happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs to
be changed to deal with a new object or situation.
98. I used the gumamela flower, a complete flower, to teach the parts of
a flower. Which method did I use?
A. Demonstration method
B. Type-study method
C. Drill method
D. Laboratory method
Best Answer is B.
– Type Study Method is closely akin to inductive method except that only
one case is studied. A typical case is taken for detailed examination.
99. Which is a characteristic of an imperfect type of matching test?

A. An item may have no answer at all
B. An answer may be repeated
C. There are two or more distracters
D. The items in the right and left columns are equal in number
Best Answer is B.
- An answer may be repeated. In imperfect matching type, the number of
premises in column A is not equal to the number of responses in Column B,
or the other way around. The response or premise can be used more than
one, which means it may be repeated.
100. If a teacher believes that a child’s mind in TABULA RASA, then the
teacher will most likely to engage the students in ____ process for them
to learn.
A. Sensory impressions C. Reasoning
B. Reflection D. Metacognition
23
Best Answer is A.
- In Locke's philosophy, tabula rasa was the theory that at birth the
(human) mind is a "blank slate" without rules for processing data, and
that data is added and rules for processing are formed solely by one's
sensory experiences. The notion is central to Lockean empiricism.
101. A statistical treatment which involves the statistical procedure

applied to determine whether the difference between the mean scores of
two or more groups on a dependent variable is statistically significant
is known as ________________.
A. multiple regression C. chi-square
B. factor analysis D. analysis of variance
Best Answer is D.
-Statistical treatment is used for summarizing or analyzing numerical
data or information.
- ‘Chi-square’ is a nonparametric test of statistical significance.
- ‘Factor analysis’ is a procedure for reducing a set of measured
variables to a smaller number of variables by combining variables that
are moderately or highly correlated with each other.
- ‘Multiple regression’ is used for determining the magnitude of the
relationship between a criterion variable and a combination of two or
more prediction variables
102. When a researcher records and transcribes parts of a lesson and then
gets the teachers to comment on what was happening at the time that the
teaching and learning took place, he/she is applying the technique of
____________________.
A. observation schemes
B. stimulated recall
C. interactional analysis
D. methods of comparison studies
Best Answer is B.
Classroom research can be done using the following methods:
- Methods of comparison studies: the best known classroom studies
employing experimental method.
- Stimulated recall
- Observation schemes: used to document classroom interaction.
- Interactional analysis: involves discursive analysis of classroom talk.
It focuses on thematic structures and activity schemes.
103. Which of the following is not included in the 8 Millennium

Development Goals?
A. Promote gender equality
B. Achieve universal primary education for girls
C. Improve women’s reproductive health
D. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Best Answer is B.
– It should be “Achieve universal primary education” which will ensure
that all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling. The
8 Millennium Development Goals are the following: (1) Eradicate extreme
poverty and hunger, (2) Achieve universal primary education, (3) Promote
gender equality, (4) Reduce child mortality, (5) Improve women’s
reproductive health, (6) Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases, (7)
Ensure environmental sustainability, and (8 Develop a global partnership
for development.
24
104. As it relates to learning, it refers to practice and drill instead
of physical exercise. The student practices what they are learning, and
drills until they can repeat the information correctly, or can perform
the skill properly.
A. Principle of Exercise
B. Principle of Primacy
C. Principle of Effect
D. Principle of Requirements
Best Answer is A.
- (Principle of Exercise - Also developed by Edward Thorndike, states
that those things most often repeated are best remembered. Students do
not learn complex tasks in a single session. They learn by applying what
they have been told and shown. The instructor must repeat important items
of subject matter at reasonable intervals, and provide opportunities for
students to practice while making sure that this process is directed
toward a goal.)
105. Intended to improve the delivery of instruction in the classroom.

This is the phase of evaluation where what the teacher does in the course
of his teaching and what he is to do next are given focus. In other
words, this is a process of quality control.
A. Diagnostic
B. Summative
C. Formative
D. Application
Best Answer is C.
- (Formative - The main intention of a formative evaluation is to present
a measure to both the students and instructor and find them where they
stay in their course of study. With this measure, the instructor would be
able to adjust and make few variations so that the studies aren’t
affected.)
106. The principle states that things freely learned are best learned.
Conversely, the further a student is coerced, the more difficult is for
him to learn, assimilate and implement what is learned.
A. Principle of Requirements
B. Principle of Freedom
C. Principle of Recency
D. Principle of Exercise
Best Answer is B.
- (Principle of Freedom - Students must have freedom of choice, freedom
of action, freedom to bear the results of action which constitute
personal responsibility. If no freedom is granted, students may have
little interest in learning.)
107. Classroom learning offers a socio-cultural phenomenon - a social

process that encompasses the ways of thinking, interacting, and problem
solving. The classroom is also viewed as a conventionalized setting in
which rule-bound interaction takes place between the learner and the
teacher.
A. Principle of Socialization
B. Principle of Sequence
C. Principle of Individualization
D. Principle of Evaluation
25
Best Answer is A.
- (Principle of Socialization - Effective learning depends on the social
setting in which it is done. Very little of the best learning happens in
complete solitude.)
108. Instruction can be effective if there is a definite area of

concentration.
A. Principle of Focus
B. Principle of Context
C. Principle of Evaluation
D. Principle of Sequence
Best Answer is A.
- (Principle of Focus - Instruction must be organized about a focus or
direction. One good example is announcing the topic together with page or
chapter references.)
109. It refers to words just before or after a certain word sentence that
helps makes clear what it means.
A. Principle of Socialization
B. Principle of Context
C. Principle of Focus
D. Principle of Evaluation
Best Answer is B.
- (Principle of Context - No learning is without context. Instruction can
be effective if learning takes place through situation and circumstances
that provides setting materials for the process of learning to go on.)
110. This philosophy believes that students need a passionate encounter

with the positive and negative phases of life like the joy and agony of
love, desirability of life, the inevitability of death, the anguish of
freedom and the consequences of choices and actions. Which philosophy
advocates this view in education?
A. Existentialism
B. Perennialism
C. Essentialism
D. Realism
Best Answer is A.
– Rationalization: Existentialism is a modern school of thought that grew
out of the thoughts of European philosophers, particularly from Soren
Kierkegaard, who believes that the central problem humanity is facing is
the ability to cope with its existence.
111. "Learning is the process of retrieving prior learning", this is a

statement supports what particular philosophy?
A. Constructivist C. Progressivist
B. Reconstructivist D. Empiricist
Best Answer is A.
– Constructivist Rationalization: Constructivism is asserts that reality
does not exist outside of the human conceptions. It is the individual
that construct reality by reflecting on his own experience and gives
meaning to it. It is founded on the premise that by reflecting on our own
experiences, we construct our own understanding of the world we live in.
Therefore, learning is simply the process of adjusting our mental modes
to accommodate new experiences.
26
112. Teachers in school perform the role and responsibility of parents in
the development and education of the child. This stems from the belief
that the home is the primary agency in the education of the individual.
Thus, teachers are regarded as surrogate parents along the loco parentis
principle. Which philosophy espouses this view of education?
A. Pragmatism
B. Naturalism
C. Idealism
D. Realism
Best Answer is B.
– Naturalism Rationalization: With this philosophy, the school is seen as
the extension of home and teachers are deemed "surrogate parents”.
113. Teacher U teaches to his pupils that pleasure is not the highest
good. Teacher's teaching is against what philosophy?
A. Realism
B. Hedonism
C. Epicureanism
D. Empiricism
Best Answer is B.
– Hedonism Ratio: Epicureanism is just a form of Hedonism. Hedonism is
the general, Epicureanism is the specific. Always select the general
answer.
114. The curriculum is viewed as a means of developing desirable habits.

It is recommended that the way /means to form these habits is through the
mastery of organized subject matter. Which philosophy is behind this
educational view?
A. Naturalism
B. Idealism
C. Realism
D. Pragmatism
Best Answer is C.
– Realism Ratio: This educative process is viewed mainly as the
transmission of information and knowledge. The curriculum has the
function of forming the body and this interrelationship gives rise to the
dictum "sound mind in a sound body."
115. After listening to the homily of the Priest about fidelity,

Catherine has a moment of reflection. Her understanding of the value of
fidelity has become deeper as she related this to her past experience.
This typifies what kind of philosophy?
A. Constructivism
B. Reconstructivism
C. Humanism
D. Existentialism
Best Answer is A.
– Constructivism Ratio: Constructivism is a philosophy of learning which
asserts that reality does not exist outside the human conceptions. It is
the individual who construct reality by reflecting on his own experience
and gives meaning to it.
27
116. Teacher A believes that the learner is the product of his
environment. Sometimes he has no choice. He/she is determined by his
environment.
A. Rationalist
B. Behaviorist
C. Existentialist
D. Progressivist
Best Answer is B.
– Behaviorist Ratio: A behaviourist believes that human behaviour can be
best explained in terms of responses to external stimuli. Also, education
can be best achieved by modifying or changing student behaviours in a
socially acceptable manner through the arrangement of the conditions for
learning. The control is obtained not by manipulating the individual, but
the environment.
117. After studying the Principle of Identity, Teacher W asks her

students to determine which among the given set of problems conforms to
the said identity. This shows that Teacher W upholds what kind of
Philosophy?
A. Perennialism
B. Progressivism
C. Essentialism
D. Naturalism
Best Answer is B.
– Progressivism Ratio: Progressivism is a philosophy of learning by doing
things.
118. Increase of time allotment in English, Math and Science in the

Elementary level under the New Elementary School Curriculum (NESC) as
provided in DECS Order No. 1, s. 1993 contributes in the culturation of
basic literacy by providing the needed essential skills. The related
philosophy is:
A. Realism
B. Essentialism
C. Idealism
D. Perennialism
Best Answer is B.
– Essentialism Ratio: Essentialism is an educational theory rooted in
classical realism and idealism which advocates curricular reform
stressing the essentials of the basics like the 3R's.
119. Althea listened to the advice given by her sister to end the
relationship that she has with Gilbert. However, her sister learned that
the advice she has given was not followed and Althea decided to continue
the relationship. This action of Althea is a manifestation of what kind
of philosophy?
A. Essentialism
B. Existentialism
C. Perennialism
D. Humanism
Best Answer is B.
– Existentialism Ratio: Existentialism is the philosophy of subjectivity
of selfhood and proclaims man’s freedom in the accomplishment of his
destiny.
28
120. Joining organizations or clubs in school is requisite to granting of
academic distinction under DECS Order No. 65, s. 1998. This shows school
community connection reflected in activities geared towards society's
needs. What philosophy is related to this? / Activities planned by school
clubs or organizations show school-community connection geared towards
society's needs. What philosophy is related to this?
A. Realism
B. Progressivism
C. Existentialism
D. Reconstructivism
Best Answer is D.
– Reconstructivism Ratio: Reconstructivism aims to achieve social
changes. This is a philosophy that entails the identification of social
problems, finding solutions for this and be a part of the solution.
121. After finishing the degree in Education, Teacher M learns that

learning never stops. In fact, she accumulates more knowledge after
leaving the portal of her alma mater. This typifies what kind of
philosophy?
A. Constructivism
B. Perennialism
C. Progressivism
D. Humanism
Best Answer is C.
– Progressivism Ratio: Progressivism connotes change, growth and
development. It is an active form of philosophy for it continues to
evolve.
122. In line with the philosophy of Reconstructivism, which of the

following should be given emphasis in teaching?
A. To seek a better position in the society
B. To compare oneself with the less fortunate
C. To become economically self-reliant
D. To designate one’s superiority over the others
Best Answer is C.
- To become economically self-reliant Ratio: Reconstructivism aims to
achieve social changes. This is a philosophy that entails the
identification of social problems, finding solutions for this and be a
part of the solution.
123. Teacher X rates the art work of her students not just on the merit
of its appeal to the senses but also considers its uniqueness and the
responsibility that every student has given in accomplishing the task.
This practice shows how Teacher X upholds this kind of philosophy:
A. Realism
B. Reconstructivism
C. Idealism
D. Existentialism
Best Answer is D.
– Existentialism Ratio: Conceives philosophy as something that is felt by
an individual because it’s concrete in itself or based on what is
concrete. There is also personal involvement in this kind of philosophy.
29
124. Teacher R ensures to put a certain amount of his monthly earnings in
the bank. At the end of the school year, he used all his savings in
visiting places rich of cultural heritages rather than of buying
expensive clothes, jewelry, and latest gadgets. This shows that Teacher R
is an advocate of what kind of philosophy?
A. Pragmatism C. Naturalism
B. Perennialism D. Essentialism
Best Answer is B.
– Perennialism Ratio: Perennialism views education as a recurring process
based on eternal truths. Good education involves a search for and
understanding of truth which can all be found in the great works of
civilization.
125. Matilda is an advocate of the principle “making the most of your

life”. She is indeed an advocate of what kind of philosophy?
A. Humanism C. Realism
B. Perennialism D. Existentialism
Best Answer is A.
– Humanism Ratio: Humanism is a philosophy that stresses to “live life to
the fullest”.
126. Teacher X is a very dedicated teacher in the nursery. Her foremost

concern is for students to learn how to adapt themselves in the
environment. This shows that Teacher X upholds what kind of philosophy?
A. Naturalism C. Progressivism
B. Pragmatism D. Rationalism
Best Answer is A.
– Naturalism Ratio: Naturalism aims to unfold the child’s potential, not
to prepare him for a definite vocation or social position but to prepare
him to adapt to the changing times and needs.
127. Mr. Cruz exemplifies an ideal teacher and son. He is competent in

his field based on the various recognitions that he received from his
school. As a dutiful son, he assumes all the responsibilities of raising
his family (this includes his parents, siblings, and their own families)
– giving all their needs and wants. The fulfillment of these is the
neglect of the responsibilities to himself. This attitude of Mr. Cruz is
against what kind of philosophy?
A. Existentialism C. Pragmatism
B. Constructivism D. Humanism
Best Answer is D.
– Humanism Ratio: Humanism stresses personal culture, individual freedom,
and development (the best way towards full and rich lives).
128. Who among the following puts more emphasis on core requirements,
longer school day, longer academic year and more challenging textbooks?
A. Perennialist
B. Essentialist
C. Progressivist
D. Existentialist
Best Answer is B.
30
– Essentialist Ratio: Essentialism is an educational theory rooted in
classical realism and idealism which advocates curricular reform
stressing the essentials of the basics like the 3R's.
129. My right ends where the rights of others begin. What does this mean?
A. Rights are not absolute
B. Rights are alienable
C. Rights are inalienable
D. Rights are absolute
Best Answer is A.
- Rights are not absolute while these are rights which all citizens have
and enjoy, they are not absolute. Your rights are subject to the rights
of other individuals and in certain instances can be limited.
130. How does the “humaneness” of the teacher best described when he/she
is full interest and enthusiasm in the work of teaching?
A. Responsiveness
B. Perceptiveness
C. Knowledge
D. Sensitivity
Best Answer is D.
- Research tells us that teachers who are aware of and respond to each
child, supportively facilitate the ability of all children in the
classroom to explore actively and learn. Teacher Sensitivity is not about
how “nice” or “caring” teachers are; rather, it is about how teachers
consistently demonstrate awareness and responsiveness to children’s
current academic and emotional abilities and needs.
131. Using Bloom’s Taxonomy, the highest among the following is:
A. Critical Comprehension
B. Critical evaluation
C. Integration
D. Literal comprehension
Best Answer is C.
- Bloom’s Taxonomy, particularly the Revised taxonomy, is one of the
frameworks applied by the K-12 and its highest is the CREATE level, of
which INTEGRATION belongs.
132. Which activity is meant for kinesthetically intelligent pupils?

A. Independent study
B. Individualized study
C. Pantomime
D. Cooperative learning
Best Answer is B.
- Learners who possess bodily-kinesthetic intelligence have the ability
to work skilfully with objects involving both fine and gross motor
skills. They are characterized by a well-developed sense of balance and
motor control. In addition, they are skilful at translating intention
into action. These learners are most successful by doing.
Activities: Pantomime an activity, task, or chore, Play a sport, Play
charades, Act out a scene from a novel, Perform a dance to express an
emotion, Learn sign language, Plan and present a puppet show, Go on a
nature hike, Go on a scavenger hunt, Exercise.
31
133. Interpersonal intelligence is best shown by a student who __.
A. Works on his/her own
B. Keeps interest to himself/herself
C. Seeks out a classmate for help when problem occurs
D. Spends time meditating
Best Answer is C.
- Interpersonal intelligence is “people smart. It promotes working in
collaboration with others.
134. A student is finding it hard to read. When the guidance counselor

traced the child’s history, the counselor was able to find out that the
student came a dysfunctional family, aside from that, the child was
abused and neglected. What could have caused the student’s reading
disability?
A. Emotional factors C. Poor teaching
B. Neurological factors D. Immaturity
Best Answer is A.
- Difficulty in reading can also be linked with emotional factors.
Reading difficulty is often associated with intelligence and intellectual
factors. Language factors also affect reading performance.
Emotional Factors Failing readers, particularly if they have a long
history of failure, often have accompanying emotional problems that
impede reading. Emotional problems tend to increase as a youngster moves
up through the elementary years and enters adolescence.
135. When is a teacher prejudicial against a learner?

A. When she refuses a pupil with a slight physical disability in class.
B. When she makes a farsighted pupil to sit at the back.
C. When she makes a nearsighted pupil to sit in front.
D. When she considers multiple intelligences in the choice of her
teaching strategies
Best Answer is A.
- Being prejudicial is unfair or showing bias. Education must be
inclusive especially now that we observe the Education for All policy.
Hence, any physical disability must never be a standard of admission in
the class.
136. A teacher only teaches whenever she wants it. What does she lack?
A. Emotional intelligence
B. Competence
C. Integrity and accountability
D. Intelligence
Best Answer is C.
- Teachers are accountable towards high learning outcomes. Accountability
is the acceptance of responsibility to fulfill a certain obligation or
duty
137. Which illustrates vicarious punishment?

A. We feel so bad to a classmate who is punished for being tardy so we
convince him go to school on time
B. Out of comparison, we volunteer to get punished in place of a friend
C. We charge to experience our being punished
D. See someone get punished for habitual tardiness. In effect, we are
less likely to be tardy
32
Best Answer is D.
- Vicarious punishment occurs when the tendency to engage in a behavior
is weakened after having observed the negative consequences for another
engaging in that behavior. This is a form of observational learning as
described by social learning theory.
They saw the negative consequence of tardiness when someone was punished
so they avoided tardiness in order not to be punished.
138. Can a licensed professional teacher teach after continuous five

years of not practicing the teaching profession?
A. Yes
B. No, unless he/she has earned 12 units of refresher courses in
education
C. That depends on the LET rating
D. That depends on the GPA in college
Best Answer is B.
- RA 9293, Sec. 2. Professional teachers who have not practiced their
profession for the past five (5) years shall take at least twelve (12)
units of education courses, consisting of a least six (6) units of
pedagogy and six (6) units of context courses or the equivalent training
and number 1 hours to be chosen from a list of courses to be provided by
the Board and the Department of Education, before they can be allowed to
practice their profession in the country.
139. The classroom is very lively. There are different groups and each
group is brainstorming on the topic, healthy lifestyle. Every member has
his/her own role to do for the realization of one goal- to make and
present a PowerPoint presentation of the topic. What pillar of education
is exemplified most in the given classroom setting?
A. Learning to know C. Learning to be
B. Learning to do D. Learning to live together
Best Answer is D.
- Learning to live together. In the context of increasing globalization,
the Delors Commission places a special emphasis on this pillar of
learning. It implies an education taking two complementary paths: on one
level, discovery of others and on another, experience of shared purposes
throughout life. Specifically it implies the development of such
qualities as: knowledge and understanding of self and others;
appreciation of the diversity of the human race and an awareness of the
similarities between, and the interdependence of, all humans; empathy and
cooperative social behavior in caring and sharing; respect of other
people and their cultures and value systems; capability of encountering
others and resolving conflicts through dialogue; and competency in
working towards common objectives
140. Students in the Senior High School (Grades 11 and 12) will select
their tracks namely: academic, tech-voc and sports and arts and design.
What is the main reason behind this?
A. To develop the mastery of knowledge or concepts among students so they
can earn their degrees
B. To develop mastery of skills among students so that they have chances
of employability
C. To develop social skills among students so they will be able to adapt
easily to their working environment
D. To develop their whole personality
33
Best Answer is B.
- The government should pay attention to ensuring that schools, including
the senior high schools, will produce students who will be able to
immediately find employment when they graduate. This is also to avoid
skills or jobs mismatch.
141. Teacher Melvin is a handsome and intelligent high school teacher.
Most of the time his student has a crush on him. It so happen that one
day, he got attracted to a beautiful and intelligent girl in his class.
Should teacher Melvin entertain his feelings toward his students?
A. Yes, for as long as it will not affect his focus in teaching
B. Yes, he has the right to express his feelings
C. No, he should not take advantage of his position as a teacher
D. No, the parents will file charge against him
Best Answer is C.
- Code of Ethics, Art. VIII, Section 7. In a situation where mutual
attraction and subsequent love develop between teacher and learner, the
teacher shall exercise utmost professional discretion to avoid scandal,
gossip and preferential treatment of the learner
142. Which part of lesson development is concerned with mood setting?

A. Application
B. Motivation
C. Deepening
D. Generalization
Best Answer is B.
- Motivation is getting the atmosphere for learning
143. A bright student asks the teacher a difficult question that the
latter cannot answer. The teacher should _____
A. Tell the student frankly that she does not know
B. Answer the question as best as she can
C. Tell the student to look up the question and report the answer to
class
D. Promise to answer the question at the next session
Best Answer is A.
- Don't be afraid to admit you don't know the answer. BUT, tell students
that you will seek the answer and let them know.
144. How can a slow learner completely learn a particular skill in

school?
A. Present to him the lesson once.
B. Present to him the lesson twice using the same technique.
C. Present to him the lesson thrice or more with varied forms.
D. Keep on repeating the lesson for a month.
Best Answer is C.
- That is in order for the learner to gain a better understanding of the
lesson.
34
145. E-learning may either be synchronous or asynchronous? Which applies
to synchronous learning?
A. It is self-paced
B. Participants engage in exchange of ideas or information without being
dependent on other participant
C. All participants interact at the same time
D. It uses technologies such as email, blogs and wikipedias
Best Answer is C.
- Synchronous learning refers to a learning event in which a group of
students are engaging in learning at the same time. Before learning
technology allowed for synchronous learning environments, most online
education took place through asynchronous learning methods.
146. Which applies to asynchronous learning?

A. It is beneficial to students with health representatives
B. It is all participants interact at the same time
C. It is self-paced
D. It occurs in real time
Best Answer is C.
- Asynchronous learning is self-paced, accommodates a busy schedule,
allows people to learn at their own pace, provides consistent instruction
to very large audience sizes, and is available for review.
147. Which of these DOES NOT belong to the external factors that affect
reading as point of reference? A. Parents
B. Financial rewards
C. Peers
D. Enjoyment of reading
Best Answer is D. It is springs out from internal motivation.
148. A child was punished for cheating in an exam. For sure the child
wont cheat again in short span of time, but this does not guarantee that
the child won’t cheat ever again Based on Thorndike’s theory on
punishment and learning, this shows that _______________________.
A. Punishment strengthens a response
B. Punishment removes response
C. Punishment doesn’t remove a response
D. Punishment weakens a response
Best Answer is D.
- Punishment - any event that weakens or reduces the likelihood of a
behavior.
Positive punishment weakens a response by presenting something unpleasant
after the responses
Negative punishment weakens a response by reducing or removing something
pleasant.
149. It is mentioned that the “teacher is the visual aid”, why is this
so?
A. The teacher is always expected to prepare the best visual aids.
B. The teacher acts as a medium in the teaching-learning process.
C. The teacher is able to utilize visual aid expertly.
D. The teacher is a source of mastery.
35
Best Answer is B.
- Teacher acts as a MEDIUM in the teaching learning process.
- Medium - means, instrument.
- Remember: We're the one who manipulate other aids. Don't let them
manipulate us.
150. Sir Joey is a Grade 4 and 5 teacher in Polilo, Quezon. The place has
a ration of electricity which is switched on only from 2pm until 6am the
following day. The topic he has for his lesson this week is all about the
different bodies of water. Which audio visual material should he use for
the lesson?
A. PowerPoint presentation
B. Video film
C. transparencies and projector
D. Pictures
Best Answer is D.
- Options A, B, and C badly needs Technology (used of Electricity) so it
is not possible. Teacher – audio, Picture – visual.
36

Prof Ed With Rationalization

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Prof Ed With Rationalization

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

Pre-Board Examination with Rationalization

2. Which of the following is provided for in Article XIV of the 1987

Best answer is A. Please read RA 9293

4. Teacher Laida is an elementary grades teacher. She is very active in

6. Miss Sanchez engage her learners in activities where they develop

8. A person is held responsible for his action because he _________.

Best Answer is B - With choice comes responsibility

Best Answer is C - Pragmatists view the world as process and change

11. “Approach every pupil as he/she is without allowing yourself to be

13. In problem-based learning, which kind of problems should teacher

15. In writing a research report, which of the following must be not be

16. Which part of lesson development is concerned with mood setting?

Best Answer is B - Motivation is getting the atmosphere for learning

17. In which situation is a learner-centered approach to curriculum

Best Answer is B - Learner- centered approach is built upon the learner’s

18. Which level of knowledge is manifested when a learner is able to

22. Good discipline is characterized by _______

23. Individual aspects of writing involve interactions among four

24. Which of the following strategies belong to both expository and

25. Mrs. Alonzo, the principal of Mabuhay Elementary School, firmly

Best Answer is C - Mnemonic device - memory aid.

27. Which of the following teacher actions exemplifies the generative

28. What may cause a poor classroom instruction?

30. Teacher A starts with concrete examples of sentences as contrasted

31. Teacher's management style allows students to formulate classroom

33. Many researchers have identified important components of classroom

37. What does constructive alignment mean in outcomes-based lesson

39. Cluster is the enemy of comprehension. How is this applied in

41. A reader uses metacognition when she _________.

42. Which of the following is /are examples of “thinking stems,” or

44. Which may help establish creativity in reading?

45. If a pupil is unable to read proficiently while others around him/her

46. Which statement/s on motivation is/are TRUE?

48. .which is/are the effect/s of motivation on students‟ learning and

49. Which qualities of personal relationship create positive climate?

Best Answer is D. - Preschoolers tend to have the “can do” attitude.

53. In Bruner's three-tiered learning, which is action-based?

54. Based on Kohlberg's theory, what is the level of moral development

58. What is the teaching-learning application of Greeno‟s statement that

Best Answer is D. - all the choices promote learner’s interaction with

59. Teacher Rose begins a lesson on basic dance position by demonstrating

Best Answer is B. - Superego is related to the ego ideal of conscience

61. Prof. Pacis measures learning by the outward expression of new

62. On which principle is your conviction based if you provide positive

63. Which one correctly and completely explains Bandura's reciprocal

64. Which of these DOES NOT belong to the Bronfenbrenner's microsystem as

65. Of the five different levels of environment in Bronfenbrenner's

66. Which is an example of a child's mesosystem that does NOT work

67. Which is an example of a child's exosystem that does not work

68. A Filipino master’s degree graduate is surprised to know that he

69. Learning is incorporating and hierarchically organizing new material

70. According to Ausubel's subsumption theory, meaningful learning takes

71. Which does Tolman's term of latent learning mean?

74. Michael got a score of 60 which is equivalent to a 75th percentile

76. Which of the following is not an internal factor affecting students’

78. Assessment is said to be authentic when the teacher _______.

79. If teacher Mario want to test is students' synthesizing skills? Which

80. Which of the following statement about marking on a normative basis?

82. What are the characteristics of a good assessment instrument?

85. A portfolio assessment requires a presentation of a collection of

87. Which of the following is the main purpose of administering a pre-