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Communication: Cause & Effect

A. Expressing Cause

 The police arrested the thief because he broke into a bank.


 The teacher rewarded Susan since she did a good project.
 Zahra can't read the letter as she is illiterate.
 Owing to his intelligence, Kamal solved the problem.
 Due to the bad weather, we didn't go for a picnic.
 Thanks to his hard work, Ali passed the exam.
 Air pollution is caused by burning fossil fuels

B. Expressing Effect
 Nora was feeling sick. Therefore, she stayed home.

 James didn’t revise well, so he failed the exam.


 I studied very well last night; as a consequence I got a perfect score in our test.
 There was a lot of traffic. Thus, we were late.
 Smoke from factories leads to air pollution.

 Throwing rubbish into the ocean results in water pollution.

 Air pollution is a result of burning fossil fuels.

 Floods, storms and rising seas are the effect of global warming.

 Deforestation is a consequence of cutting down trees.

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