NISHANT SHARMA

CONTINUOUS CSTR & PFR 20189038

OBJECTIVE:
To perform the experiment on a CSTR & Plug flow reactors Connected in series and establish the
kinetic rate constant.

DESCRIPTION:
The set up consists of a Semi reactor fitted in a constant temperature water bath. One stirrer is fitted for
mixing the reactants in reactor and other is fitted in water bath to keep the uniform temperature
throughout in the bath. The temperature of bath can be maintained from ambient to 90 deg C with the
help of digital temperature indicator cum controller. Product from the reactor are analyzed by chemical
titration.

UTILITIES REQUIRED:
Experimental set up, rotameter, 25/15 ml pipette, burette, Sample collection bottles (plastic).

THEORY: Continuous CSTR & PFR is an example of multiple reaction systems. The mixed flow

reactor is a continuous reactor with the contents of the reactor kept under stirred condition. This

entails uniform concentration of the reactants and the end products through the reactor at any

instant of time and also the effluents out of the reactor shall have the same composition as bulk of

the reaction system in the MFR. The plug flow reactor is also called a slug flow. Piston flow, Ideal

tubular and unmixed flow reactor. It is characterized by the fact that the flow of fluid through the

reactor is orderly with no elements fluid overtaking or mixing with any other element ahead or

behind. There may be lateral mixing in a plug flow reactor but no mixing or diffusion along the flow

path. The necessary and sufficient condition is that elements of fluid the residence time should b e

same. Connecting these two in series is to enhance the Reaction rate constant, many times the

reactor connected in series so that exit stream of one reactor is serves as a feed for the another. We

can have either same type of reactors in series or different type of reactors in series with equal or

unequal Combined sizes.

PROCEDURE:

• Prepare 2.5l of HCI, 10 l of NaOH, each of 0.1 n Concentrations. Prepare 10 l of ethyl acetate

solution by Dissolving 5 ml of ethyl acetate per liter of water. Prepare 250ml of standard

oxalic acid solution of 0.1N. Standardise NaOH solution and HCI solution by using the STD

oxalic acid.

• Fill up the over head tanks with NaOH and ethyl acetate solution.

• Set up the reactor with proper location of the stirrer.

• Keep ready various sample bottles (3-4)

• Using the valve and observing the rotameter adjust the flow rate of NaOH and ethyl acetate

Solution to the required flow rates. (25-45 cc/ min ). start the stirrer and keep mixing. Adjust

the flow rates such that the flow rate of NaOH is slightly more than the EA.

• After attainment of the steady state ( about 8-10 minutes after the effluents start coming), a.

pipette 25ml of HCI to a conical flask and fill up the burette with the standardized NaOH

solution. Collect the effluents of the reaction mixture In the sample bottle and pipette out 15ml

Of this sample and transfer to the conical flask containing known excess of HCI.Titrate the

excess of the HCI in the sample with std. NaOH.

Repeat the procedure for any other flow rates (2-3) and tabulate the values. Calculate the kinetics

Of the system. Note down the measurement of the reactor and determine the volume of the reactor.

(Active)
8. OBSERVATION & CALCULATION:

CSTR
PFR

Strength of standard oxalic acid = N1 = 01N

Normality of NaOH solution, = 25x0.1 ……………. N
T
Normality of HCI solution, N = T NaOH X N
25
= ………………………. N
HCl(reacted) = T NaOH - Ti
= ………….. ml of NaOH reacted
Therefore, NaOH present = (T NaOH -Ti) x N x 1000
25
= ................ N
Therefore, Conc.NaOH in product = CA = (T NaOH – Ti) x 1000
25
= …………………. N
Similarly, CA = T NaOH – T x N
25
= ……………………. N
Cao = V NaOH x N
V total
= ………………. N
π = V = …………… s
V
XA = Cao - CA ……………………. mol fraction.
CAo
Calculate,
X = Y = ………………..
CAo(1-X ) ( M – X )
Plot Y Vs π and determine, slope = s =
k=……………………..

Result: Value of K can then be calculated.