CH 5160 Chemical and Catalytic Reaction Engineering Assignment Spherical solid particles containing B are roasted isothermally in an oven with gas of constant composition. Solids are converted to a firm non- flaking product according to the SCM as follows: A(g) + B(s) > R(g) + S(s), Cy = 0.01 kmol/m®, pg = 20 kmol/m® From the following conversion data (by chemical analysis) or core size data (by slicing and measuring) determine the rate controlling mechanism for the transformation of solid. @. es _% t, hr t, min 1 05 Wo 5 1 1 5 10 ©). 4 t 4 Te t 2 0.5 1 2 just 0 2 (e) 4 % t, hr £4 % t ) Find the time needed for complete conversion of 1 mm particles in this oven. . Spherical 4 mm particles are completely converted to product according to the SCM in 15 min at 550°C. Complete conversion takes 2 hr for 12 mm particles at 590°C. Find the time needed for complete conversion of 8 mm particles at 550°C. Uranium dioxide is attacked by hydrofluoric acid to give uranium tetra- fluoride Wo, (s) + 4HF(g) > UF, (s) + 2H,0(e) The following data are obtained on this reaction using spherical particles of UO, in a uniform environment: t,min| 4 12 25 35 42 X 0.32 0.64 0.875 0.96 0.99 Visual examination of partly reacted solids suggests that reaction follows the SCM. Find the mechanism and rate equation to represent this reaction.Rage 2 For the reaction 2A + 3B > 2R + 2S, and with conversion by the SCM with Degg = 1076 m¢/s and ke = 0.01 m/s, find the percent contribution of ash diffusion to the overall resistance @) for complete conversion of particles 1 cm in radius. ) for 48.8% conversion of particles 1 cm in radius. 3 3, Spherical particles of zine blende, ZnS (pg = 4.13 gn/cm = 42500 mol/n’) are roasted in an 8% oxygen stream at 1 atm and 900°C (Cy = 0.83 mol/m®), at which conditions the stoichiometry and rates given by k, = 0,02 m/s, 22nS + 30, + 22n0 + 280,, ‘ . & oe Z Dice = 3.x 10° weys Assuming that reaction proceeds by the SCM calculate the time needed for complete conversion of solids and find the percent contribution of ash diffusion and of reaction to the overall resistance. @) particte size is 4, = 2 ox. (G) articie size is 4, = 2 mn. (CG) Particte size is a, = 0.1 mm. The reduction by hydrogen of magnetite ore (Fe304, pg = 4600 kg/m, R= 5 mm) can be approximated by the SCM. With no water vapor present the stoichiometry of the reaction is 4H, + Fe,0, + 41,0 + 3Fe with rate approximately proportional to the concentration ef hydrogen in the gas stream. In an atmosphere of pure hydrogen at 1 atm find the time for complete reduction of the particle from oxide to metal and find the relative importance of the various resistance steps. Rate data For penetration of product layer by hydrogen at any temperature: 2 “6 2 Doge = 3.x 10° m/s For surface reaction, from Otake, Chem. Eng. (Japan) 31 71 (1967): K, = 193007 24000/RT 2), @) conversion occurs at 560°C, () conversion occurs at 600°C, Uniform sized spherical particles of U0; are reduce i i ; 7 d to vo, environment with the following results > 2 ee ert 0.180 0.347 0,453 0.567 0.733 xX 0.45 0.68 «0.80 0.95 0.98 If reaction follows the SCM find the controlli i a rolling mechan a equation to represent this reduction. ° Hom ane see(2 Page 3 A stream of particles of one size are 60% converted (SCM/reastion sontrels tai form gas environment) on passing through a reactor. If the weaelor wae tuige the size but with the same gas environment, same feéd rate ™ mate flow pattern of solids what would be the conversion of solids? The solids pass through the reactor in vse plug flow. A stream of solid particles, R= 1 mm, passes through a bench scale fluidized bed (mixed flow) reactor. The solids react with gas to give 2 solid product according to the SCM/reaction control as follows Fo B Assuming that the solids find themselves in the same gas environment in all cases = 100 gm/min, W = 1000 gm, 0.65 (a) calculate the expected conversion in @ commercial sized fludizied reactor of 4 tons treating 40 kg/min of R= 1 mm solid. (b} Repeat problen(@)for a feed of R= 2.$ mm solids. All other values remain unchanged. (©) Fina the size of single fluidized reactor needed to treat 4 tons/hr of R= 1 mm particles to 99% conversion. Particles of uniform size are 60% converted to product according to the SCM/reaction control in a single fluidized bed. Find the conversion of solids ... i£ the reactor is made twice as large but the gas environment is kept unchanged. * A 200 ton holdup of solid is needed in a single fluidized bed reactor for 99% conversion of particles of unchanging size which react according to the SCM/reaction control. For identical feed rate of solids, identical gas environment and the same mean conversion of solids find the holdup needed -+. in a 2 stage (equal size) fluidized reactor, +++ in a 3 stage fluidized reactor, -+. ina 4 stage fluidized reactor, -- in a2 stage fluidized reactor if ash diffusion kinetics controls, instead of reaction kinetics. ~ At present, with a given feed rate of one size of solids, we: get 99.75% conversion in a single fluidized reactor, and reaction proceeds according to the SCM/reaction control. How much can the feed rate of solids be raised ss. if-we add a second identical fluidized bed in series with the first? ... if we add baffles to the existing fluidized bed so that it now acts as two identical fluidized beds? if baffles are fitted to the existing bed so that it now behaves as three identical fluidized beds? In all cases the gas composition is assumed to be unchanged.Poge 4 [ 4. A solid feed consisting of x 1S 20 wt% of 1 mm particles and smaller 30 wt% of 2 mm particles 50 wt% of 4 mm particles is to be passed through a rotating tubular reactor somewhat like a cenent kiln where it reacts with gas to give a hard non friable solid product (SQW/reaction control, t = 4 hrs for 4 mm perticles). (Q) Find the residence time needed for 100% conversion of solids. (G) Fina the residence time needed for 90% conversion of solids. (C) Find the residence time needed for 75% conversion of solids. (A) Find the mean conversion of solids for a residence time of 15 nin. A pilot plant is to be built to explore the fluidized bed as a means for roasting zinc blende to + ZnS(s) + 50, + Zn0(s) + S(a) The reactor is 10 cm 1D, 18 cm high, contains 1200 gm solids, and the 60 gn/min of feed solids consist 40% of R = 10 um particles, 60% of R= 40 um particles, Reaction follows the SCM. = 2.5 min = 10 min, 1 v +++ What conversion of solids can we expect if all solids blown out of the bed are efficiently trapped and returned to the bed. * +++ What conversion can we expect if elutriation and carryover is consider- able, not returned to the bed, and such that £ = 7.5 min for R = 10 um t= 25 min for R= 40 um