COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

TEST REPORT FRONT COVER SHEET

Student Name: Huda Yaqoob Ali Al-Kamyani.

Certification: I certify that the whole of this work is the result of my individual effort and that all
quotations from books, periodicals etc. have been acknowledged.

Student Signature: Submission Date:

Student Identification Number: 2009644

Student email address : 2009644@asu.edu.om

Program : Year/Level : Undergraduate

Academic Year : Semester :

Course title :

Course code:

Test title:

Instructor:

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Marks / / / / / 10
Aim:

To determine certain material properties like Modulus of Elasticity, Yield Strength, Ultimate Tensile
Strength, Elongation till fracture, and Reduction in area of the specimen after it has been deformed.

Apparatus:

stress strain machine:

Theory:

The stress-strain diagram is a particularly clear representation of the different behavior of individual
materials. Every material has a distinct stress and strain profile.

Key material data can be read from the stressstrain diagram. Apart from the tensile strength Rm the
proportional limit Rp is also of particular interest. Below this limit, the material follows Hooke's law with
the modulus of elasticity E: The strain c is proportional to the stress a- and thus forms Hooke's line.
When this stress is exceeded, the deformation is no longer proportional to the load. The yield point Re is a
particularly important technical characteristic. From this point onwards, the material is permanently
plastically deformed. When the load is removed a certain deformation remains. In order to not endanger
the function of the component, it may not be subject to stronger loads. In some materials, such as soft-
annealed steel for example, a distinct yield builds up following the yield point. The specimen is strained
without the load being increased further. In materials without distinct yield, the elastic limit Rpo.02 is
given. In this case the material has a lasting elongation of 0,2% after the load is removed.

The figure opposite shows examples of curves for hardened

steel (1), tempered steel (2), soft- annealed steel (3) and an
aluminium alloy (4). The hardened steel (1) fractures with
practically no plastic deformation, but has a very high tensile
strength. The tempered steel (2) is much tougher, but also still
has a high strength. The soft-annealed steel (3) has a very high
strain, but low tensile strength. Here, there is pro- nounced yield
in the transition to plastic behav- iour. In the case of the
aluminium alloy (4) the low modulus of elasticity causes the
stress-strain curve to increase less steeply in the elastic area
than in the case of the steel materials. The stress-strain diagram
is created from the val- ues for force and elongation recorded
during the tensile test.
Observation:

Material EN AW-2007 ALUMINIUM

DeltaL in mm Strain % Fin kN din mm Stress (N/mm2) Strain (%)

0.1 2.37
0.2 4.02
0.3 5.785
0.4 7.74
0.5 8.02
0.6 8.18
0.7 8.23
0.8 8.39
0.9 8.43
1.0 8.46
1.2 8.65
1.4 8.75
1.6 8.78
1.8 8.82
2.0 8.95
2.2 8.96
2.4 9.04
2.6 8.96 5.8
2.8 8.92 5.75
3.0 9.09 5.75
3.2 8.98 5.7
3.4 9.07 5.65
3.6 8.80 5.65
3.8 8.92 5.6
4.0 8.90 5.55
4.2 8.94 5.55
4.4 8.95 5.5
4.6 8.80 5.4
4.8 8.68 5.3
5.0 8.47 5.2
5.2 8.32 5.1
5.4 8.16 5.0
5.6 7.86 4.9
5.8 7.70 4.7
6.0
6.2
6.6
7.0
7.4
7.8
8.2
8.6
9.0
9.4
9.8
10.2
10.6
11.0
 Material CW004A COPPER
DeltaL in mm Strain % Fin kN din mm Stress (N/mm2) Strain (%)
0.1 1.28
0.2 4.06
0.3 5.92
0.4 7.87
0.5 8.4
0.6 8.57
0.7 8.56
0.8 8.52
0.9 8.56
1.0 8.52
1.2 8.54
1.4 8.37 5.95
1.6 8.46 5.90
1.8 8.35 5.8
2.0 8.43 5.7
2.2 8.32 5.6
2.4 8.40 5.55
2.6 8.34 5.5
2.8 8.21 5.45
3.0 8.15 5.4
3.2 8.03 5.3
3.4 8.04 5.2
3.6 7.87 5.1
3.8 7.65 5.0
4.0 7.59 4.9
4.2 7.32 4.7
4.4 7.14 4.6
4.6 6.76 4.5
4.8 6.50 4.3
5.0 6.14 4.1
5.2 5.84 3.9
5.4 5.42 3.7
5.6 4.85 3.5
5.8 2.85 3.3
6.0
6.2
6.6
7.0
7.4
7.8
8.2
8.6
9.0
9.4
9.8
10.2
10.6
11.0

Material CW614N BRASS

DeltaL in mm Strain % Fin kN din mm Stress (N/mm2) Strain (%)
0.1 1.31
0.2 3.30
0.3 4.37
0.4 7.50
0.5 8.42
0.6 11.32
0.7 12.91
0.8 14.28
0.9 14.69
1.0 14.84
1.2 15.17
1.4 15.30
1.6 15.34
1.8 15.53 5.9
2.0 15.51 5.9
2.2 15.46 5.85
2.4 15.60 5.85
2.6 15.50 5.8
2.8 15.81 5.75
3.0 15.79 5.7
3.2 15.71 5.6
3.4 15.42 5.5
3.6 15.04 5.4
3.8 14.92 5.3
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.2
6.6
7.0
7.4
7.8
8.2
8.6
9.0
9.4
9.8
10.2
10.6
11.0

Material 11SMn30 STEEL

 DeltaL in mm Strain % Fin kN din mm Stress (N/mm2) Strain (%)
0.1 2.01
0.2 4.81
0.3 10.20
0.4 10.25
0.5 8.73
0.6 8.32 5.9
0.7 8.34 5.9
0.8 8.35 5.9
0.9 8.40 5.9
1.0 8.27 8.85
1.2 8.61 5.85
1.4 9.29 5.85
1.6 9.76 5.85
1.8 10.05 5.8
2.0 10.43 5.8
2.2 10.62 5.8
2.4 10.59 5.8
2.6 11.10 5.75
2.8 11.30 5.75
3.0 11.43 5.75
3.2 11.51 5.75
3.4 11.7 5.7
3.6 11.76 5.7
3.8 11.71 5.7
4.0 11.90 5.7
4.2 12.06 5.65
4.4 12.02 5.65
4.6 11.96 5.6
4.8 12.28 5.6
5.0 12.20 5.55
5.2 12.32 5.55
5.4 12.27 5.5
5.6 12.27 5.5
5.8 12.37 5.5
6.0 12.13 5.45
6.2 12.25 5.45
6.6 12.55 5.4
7.0 12.64 5.35
7.4 12.61 5.3
7.8 12.61 5.3
8.2 12.65 5.25
8.6 12.56 5.15
9.0 12.31 5.0
9.4 12.00 4.9
9.8 11.91 4.8
10.2 11.39 4.55
10.6 10.65 4.3
11.0 9.96 4.0

Worksheet A - Stress-strain diagram

Page 1

Learning objectives:

• Familiarisation with the stress-strain diagram for steel.

• Ability to allocate parameters

• Distinguishing the technical and real profile of a stress-strain curve.

1. Enter the specific values and specific areas into the following diagram:

yield area, Hooke's line, fracture, Rp, Re, Rm.

Yield

Fractur
e
Hooke’s line

Rp Re Rm
Worksheet A – stress-strain diagram

Page2:

2. Assign the correct name to the two curves:

 Real profile
 Technical profile

Technical profile

Real profile

3. Where do the different profiles come from?

Worksheet B - Stress-compression diagram

Page 1

Learning objectives:

• Familiarisation with the stress-compression diagram for ductile plastic.

• Ability to allocate parameters

4. Enter the specific values and specific areas into the following diagram:

Elastic area, fracture, σ 0.2 , σ y , σ F .

Fracture
c

Elastic area

σ 0.2
σF σy
Calculation:

Material EN AW-2007 ALUMINIUM

DeltaL in mm Strain % Fin kN din mm Stress (N/mm2) Strain (%)
0.1 2.37 83.83 0.0838345
0.2 4.02 142.20 0.1422002
0.3 5.785 204.63 0.2046339 INITIAL LENGTH 30
Material CW004A COPPER
0.4 7.74 273.79 0.2737885 INITIAL 6
0.5 8.02
Fin din 283.69 0.283693 DIAMETER
DeltaL
0.6in mm Strain % 8.18 Stress (N/mm2)
289.35 Strain (%)
0.2893527
kN mm Area 28.27
0.7
0.1 8.23
1.28 291.12
45.28 0.2911213
0.0452777
0.8
0.2 8.39
4.06 296.78
143.62 0.296781
0.1436151
0.9
0.3 8.43
5.92 298.20
209.41 0.298196
0.2094093
1.0
0.4 8.46
7.87 299.26
278.39 0.2992572
0.278387
1.2
0.5 8.65
8.4 305.98
297.13 0.3059781
0.2971348
1.4
0.6 8.75
8.57 309.52
303.15 0.3095154
0.3031482
1.6
0.7 8.78
8.56 310.58
302.79 0.3105766
0.3027945
1.8
0.8 8.82
8.52 311.99
301.38 0.3119915
0.3013796
2.0
0.9 8.95
8.56 316.59
302.79 0.31659
0.3027945
2.2
1.0 8.96
8.52 316.94
301.38 0.3169438
0.3013796
2.4
1.2 9.04
8.54 319.77
302.09 0.3197736
0.302087
2.6
1.4 8.96
8.37 5.955.8 316.94
296.07 0.3169438
0.2960736
2.8
1.6 8.92
8.46 5.75
5.90 315.53
299.26 0.3155288
0.2992572
3.0
1.8 9.09
8.35 5.75
5.8 321.54
295.37 0.3215423
0.2953661 2.37
3.2
2.0 8.98
8.43 5.75.7 317.65
298.20 0.3176512
0.298196 σ=
3.4
2.2 9.07
8.32 5.65
5.6 320.83
294.30 0.3208348
0.2943049
28.27
3.6
2.4 8.80
8.40 5.65
5.55 311.28
297.13 0.311284
0.2971348
3.8
2.6 8.92
8.34 5.55.6 315.53
295.01 0.3155288
0.2950124 σ =0.0838345
4.0
2.8 8.90
8.21 5.55
5.45 314.82
290.41 0.3148214
0.2904139
4.2
3.0 8.94
8.15 5.55
5.4 316.24
288.29 0.3162363
0.2882915
4.4
3.2 8.95
8.03 5.35.5 316.59
284.05 0.31659
0.2840467 2.37
4.6
3.4 8.80
8.04 5.25.4 311.28
284.40 0.311284
0.2844004 ε= ×1000
4.8
3.6 8.68
7.87 5.15.3 307.04
278.39 0.3070393
0.278387
28.27
5.0
3.8 8.47
7.65 5.05.2 299.61
270.60 0.2996109
0.2706049
5.2
4.0 8.32
7.59 4.95.1 294.30
268.48 0.2943049
0.2684825 ε =83.83
5.4
4.2 8.16
7.32 4.75.0 288.65
258.93 0.2886452
0.2589317
5.6
4.4 7.86
7.14 4.64.9 278.03
252.56 0.2780333
0.2525646
5.8
4.6 7.70
6.76 4.54.7 272.37
239.12 0.2723735
0.2391227
6.0
4.8 6.50 4.3 229.93 0.2299257
6.2
5.0 6.14 4.1 217.19 0.2171914
6.6
5.2 5.84 3.9 206.58 0.2065794
7.0
5.4 5.42 3.7 191.72 0.1917227
7.4
5.6 4.85 3.5 171.56 0.17156
7.8
5.8 2.85 3.3 100.81 0.1008136
8.2
6.0
8.6
6.2 1.28
9.0
σ=
6.6 28.27
9.4
7.0
9.8
7.4
10.2
7.8
10.6
8.2
11.0
8.6
9.0
9.4
9.8
10.2
10.6
11.0
 σ =0.0452777
1.28
ε= ×1000
28.27

ε =45.28
 Material CW614N BRASS

Fin din
DeltaL in mm Strain % Stress (N/mm2) Strain (%)
kN mm
0.1 1.31 46.33887513 0.0463389
0.2 3.30 116.7315175 0.1167315
0.3 4.37 154.5808277 0.1545808 1.31
0.4 7.50 265.2989034 0.2652989
σ=
28.27
0.5 8.42 297.8422356 0.2978422
0.6 11.32 400.4244782 CW004A COPPER
0.4004245 σ =0.0463389
0.7 12.91 456.6678458 0.4566678
350.00
0.8 14.28 505.1291121 0.5051291 1.31
0.9 14.69 300.00
519.6321189 0.5196321 ε= ×1000
250.00 0.5249381
28.27
1.0 14.84 524.9380969
1.2 15.17 536.6112487
200.00 0.5366112
ε =¿46.33887513
1.4 15.30 541.209763
150.00 0.5412098
1.6 15.34 542.6246905
100.00 0.5426247
1.8 15.53 5.9 549.345596 0.5493456
50.00
2.0 15.51 5.9 548.6381323 0.5486381
2.2 15.46 5.85 0.00 0.5468695
546.8694729
1 4 7 0 3 6 9 2 5 8 1 4
2.4 15.60 5.85 551.8217191 0.55182171 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
2.6 15.50 5.8 548.2844004 0.5482844
Stress (N/mm2) Strain (%)
2.8 15.81 5.75 559.2500884 0.5592501
3.0 15.79 5.7 558.5426247 0.5585426
3.2 15.71 5.6 555.7127697 0.5557128
3.4 15.42 5.5 545.4545455 0.5454545
3.6 15.04 5.4 532.0127343 0.5320127
3.8 14.92 5.3 527.7679519 0.527768
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.2
6.6
7.0
7.4
7.8
8.2
8.6
9.0
9.4
9.8
10.2
10.6
11.0
11SMn30 STEEL
Material

Fin din Strain (%)

DeltaL in mm Strain % Stress (N/mm2)
kN mm
0.1 2.01 71.10010612 0.0711001 2.01
ε= ×1000
0.2 4.81 170.1450301 0.170145 28.27
0.3 10.20 360.8065087 0.3608065
0.4 10.25 362.575168 0.3625752 σ =0.0711001
0.5 8.73 308.8079236 0.3088079
0.6 8.32 5.9 294.3049169 0.2943049 2.01
ε= ×1000
0.7 8.34 5.9 295.0123806 0.2950124 28.27
0.8 8.35 5.9 295.3661125 0.2953661
 EN AW-2007 ALUMINIUM
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1 4 7 10 13 16

din mm Stress (N/mm2)

11SMn30 STEEL
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45

Stress (N/mm2) Strain (%)

Result:
 CW614N BRASS
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

Stress (N/mm2) Strain (%)

Discussion the result:

I see through the above graph that the strength increases and then decreases according to the material. For
example, we have copper. The resistance rises according to the copper material and then suddenly breaks.
As for steel, it goes through three stages before breaking. Therefore, steel is preferred over the rest of the
materials because its resistance goes through three stages, which are: The first stage is « The stage of
elasticity.” The second stage is the “plasticity stage,” the last stage is the “breakdown stage,” which
means that it has greater elasticity than other materials.

References:

Stress-Strain Relationship.pdf

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immediately.

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personal belongings.