National

Training Service
Program 102
Prepared by Ms. Rizza Lee M. Dela Torre, CSE
Course Instructor
 Republic Act 9163
AN ACT ESTABLISHING THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (NSTP)
FOR TERTIARY LEVEL STUDENTS, AMENDING FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC
ACT NO. 7077 AND PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1706, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES

Recognizing the youth’s vital role in nation-building, the

State shall promote civic consciousness among the youth
and shall develop their physical, moral, spiritual,
intellectual and social well-being. It shall inculcate in the
youth patriotism, nationalism, and advance their
involvement in public and civic affairs.
 Latin word, communis, a noun describing
quality implying ― fellowship, community
of relations and feelings.

People living together in a defined

geographical area sharing culture, norms,
values and social economic activities.
Types of Community
1. Communities of Place
1.1 Neighborhood
1.2 Urban Community
1.3 Rural Community
1.4 National Community
1.5 Global Community
 Types of Community
2. Identity-Based Communities
2.1 Ethnic Groups
2.2 Religious Communities
2.3 Virtual Communities
 Types of Community
3. Communities of Interests
3.1 Gender-Based Community
3.2 Sports Associations
3.3 Art-Based Community
Types of Community
4. Communities of Practice
4.1 Professional Community
4.2 Guilds and Associations
4.3 Business Community
4.4 Economic Community
 The act or process of growing or causing something to grow or
become large or more advanced. Development is a process that
creates growth, progress, positive change or the addition of
physical, economic, environmental, social and demographic
components.

The purpose of development is a rise in the level and quality of life

of the population, and the creation or expansion of local regional
income and employment opportunities, without damaging the
resources of the environment.
Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development
Development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.

It is the idea that human societies must live

and meet their needs without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs. Specifically, sustainable
development is a way of organizing society so
that it can exist in the long term.
 It is the process where
community members come together to
take collective action and generate
solutions to common problems.

It recognizes that some people, some

groups and some communities are
excluded and oppressed by the way society
and structures are organized.

Community development seeks to

challenge this and ensure fairness for all
citizens.
1.2. Principles in Community Development
A. Empowerment
Community empowerment is a process
that is concentrated in the local
community and is grounded in critical
reflection and democratic participation
of relatively marginalized members
enabling them to play an active role in
decisions concerning conditions and
resources.
 1.2. Principles in Community Development
B. Mobilization
It is the process of marshaling,
organizing and coordinating
people and resource for a
purpose. In essence, it is the
process of bringing people
together to identify, plan and
implement programmes and
activities that improve their
livelihoods.
1.2. Principles in Community Development
C. Social Change
This refers to any positive or negative alteration
over time in behavior, cultural values and norms.
 1.2. Principles in Community Development

D. Participation - This refers to a joined

consultation in decision making, goal setting,
profit sharing teamwork and other measures in an
attempt to foster collective ownership in
achieving their objectives.
1.2. Principles in Community Development

E. Philanthropy
- It is the desire to
promote the welfare
of others through
generous donations
to good courses.
 1.2. Principles in Community Development
F. Volunteerism - It’s an
activity where an
individual or group
provides service for no
personal gain, intended
to promote goodness or
to improve human
quality of life.
 1.2. Principles in Community Development
G. Extension Programs - The
practice of extension is based
on an important philosophy of
“learning by doing”— that is,
providing adults a chance to
practice whatever they have
learn as soon as possible so
that they can remember it.
 1.2. Principles in Community Development

H. Social Development
- It is about improving
every individual in the
society so that they
can reach their full
potential.
1.3. Approaches in Community Development

Recommend: Create the initial proposals and recommendations.

Agree: The group must agree with the proposal/s.
Perform: Execute the work after the decision is made.
Input: Provide additional information, facts, insights to the group.
Decide: The person who has the authority has to make the decision.
Community Organizing
 The term “Community Organizing” was first used by
American Social Workers in the late 1800‘s to refer to the
specific work they were involved in with settlement houses
for new immigrants and the poor.

“Community Organizing” was the term used to describe their

efforts to coordinate services for these groups.

Other definitions have evolved all throughout the years and

one is: “Community Organizing is a systematic, planned and
liberating change process of transforming a complacent,
deprived and malfunctioning community into an organized,
conscious, empowered and self-reliant, just and humane
entity and institution.”
 Goals of Community Organizing

- People empowerment
- Improved quality of life
- Leadership development and mobilization
- Social transformation
 Principles of Community Organizing
“Go to the People, Live Among the People”
One cannot help the
community towards its
development if the
organizers stay and work
within the comforts of an
office/ school and do not
integrate with the people.
 Principles of Community Organizing
“Learn, Plan and Work with the People”
The people know better than
any other outsider what their
needs and problems are. The
community members, with
the assistance of the
community organizer, must
be the one to determine the
program appropriate to
answer their needs/
problems.
 Principles of Community Organizing
“Start With and Build on What the People Know”

Community organizers must begin with the

indigenous resources, technologies and structures
that the community has. Improve on their strengths.
 Principles of Community Organizing
“Teach By Showing, Learn by Doing”

For the community to learn effectively, the worker must

demonstrate different procedures or techniques and not merely
give instructions.
Principles of Community Organizing
“Not Piecemeal but an Integrated Approach”

Community
organizing is an
inter-relationship
of various
elements and
factors.
 Principles of Community Organizing
“Not Relief, But Release”

Community organizing is a process that liberates a community

from its identified problems.
 Methods of Community Organizing
Community organizing exemplifies processes and strategies in
order to achieve its goals. The following are several methods of
community organizing:

1. Social Preparation - This is related to community readiness. It

has four (4) stages:
- General Assembly
- Formation of Committees
- Survey of Needs and Prioritization of Projects
- Preparation of Training

All these activities are implemented using the participatory

approach.
2. Education and Training – Community organizing is
essentially a learning process and central to it is the
development of awareness through experiential learning. Kwo
(1986) cites Compton’s definition of community education as
a process whereby members of a community come together
to identify their problems and needs and seek solutions
amongst themselves, mobilize the necessary resources, and
execute a plan of action or learning or both. In the educative
process, adults can learn through participation and
cooperation with others in community action and community
development projects. Practitioners term this “learning by
doing” or learning through experience.
3. Value Orientation – Since the desired ends of
community organizing are people empowerment,
self-reliance and participation, there is a need to
transform the negative value of the people from
selfish individualism to one that is socially
oriented. It essentially entails value re-orientation
or transformation. Value orientation determines
desired ends of behavior and prescribes norms or
socially acceptable means of attaining the desired
ends.
4. Mobilization – This refers to the “process
whereby a group of people have transcended
their differences to meet on equal terms in order
to facilitate a participatory decision-making
process”.
It arises from a number of factors: (1) presence of expertise amongst the community
members, (2) the willingness of the community as a whole to give up individual interests to
form a broader cooperative, and (3) presence of available resources to facilitate the
mobilization process (Ben-Ali & Carvalho 1996). The presence of pre-existing community
groups can potentially serve as the basis for a mobilization strategy.
The Community Organizer is a vital person in facilitating
the whole community organizing process.
ROLE OF A COMMUNITY ORGANIZER
An organizer, while at the community,
plays various roles, depending on what
the situation calls for. Below are the
four (4) basic roles they portray, at one
time or another:
1. A Facilitator
2. An Animator
3. An Enabler
4. A Catalyst
1. A Facilitator - facilitates the community process through
listening and questioning and by giving continuous
encouragement and support to the local strivings.

2. An Animator – stimulates the people to think critically

when identifying problems and finding new solutions.
3. An Enabler – consistently
directed at freeing the
community (through key
persons like leaders) to
realize their strengths and
potentials in cooperative
work.
4. A Catalyst - hastens the
process of
transformation/change.
 National
Training Service
Program 102

Prepared by Ms. Rizza Lee M. Dela Torre, CSE

Course Instructor