The fundamentals of the power of the state in the Philippines are based on its political and constitutional framework.

The Philippines is a
democratic republic with a government structure that is outlined in its 1987 Constitution. Here are the key aspects of the power of the state in
the Philippines:

Sovereignty: The Philippines is a sovereign nation, which means it has supreme authority and control over its territory and internal affairs. Its
sovereignty is enshrined in its Constitution, and it is not subject to the control of external powers.

Three Branches of Government:

Legislative: The legislative power is vested in the bicameral Congress of the Philippines, which consists of the Senate and the House of
Representatives. Congress is responsible for making laws.

Executive: The executive branch is headed by the President, who is both the head of state and the head of government. The President is
responsible for executing and enforcing the laws of the country.

Judicial: The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting and applying the laws. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land and plays a
crucial role in ensuring the rule of law.

Checks and Balances: The Philippines has a system of checks and balances among the three branches of government to prevent the abuse of
power. Each branch has its own set of powers and can scrutinize and limit the actions of the others.

Elections and Democracy: The Philippines holds regular elections to choose its political leaders, including the President, members of Congress,
and local government officials. This democratic process allows the people to participate in governance and express their will through their votes.

Rule of Law: The Constitution serves as the supreme law of the land, and all government actions must conform to it. The rule of law ensures that
no one, including government officials, is above the law.

Local Autonomy: The Philippines follows a system of local government units (LGUs) that have a degree of autonomy in managing their affairs.
This allows for decentralized governance and greater local control.

National Defense: The state has the power to maintain armed forces and establish a national defense policy to protect the country from
external threats.

Public Services: The government is responsible for providing public services such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure development to
improve the well-being of its citizens.

Taxation: The government has the authority to levy taxes and collect revenue to fund public services and government operations.

Foreign Policy: The Philippines engages in foreign relations, diplomacy, and international agreements to protect its interests and promote
cooperation with other nations.

It's important to note that the specifics of how these fundamentals are implemented and how power is exercised in the Philippines can be
influenced by political developments, legal changes, and the actions of government officials. Additionally, the Philippines has a history of
grappling with issues related to corruption, political dynasties, and human rights, which can affect the balance and exercise of state power.

1.Population is Essential Elements of State.

Two conclusions flow from the discussion on the meaning and nature of the state:

(I) that the State is a human institution the product of man’s gregarious nature and the result of necessities of human life, and

(2) population and land are the starting point of any study of man in his organized groups. It is the people who make the State; without them,
there can be none. But the population must be large enough to make a State and sustain it.

2. Territory.

There is no State without its proper territory, large or small, and no territory that is not part of some State, large or small. The Andes, far as we
personally are concerned, is our connection with a particular territory that normally creates our State’s membership. I am a citizen of India
because I was born there or because my father was born there.

3. Government.

The purpose of living together cannot be realized unless they are properly organized and accept certain rules of conduct. The agency created to
enforce such rules of conduct and to ensure obedience is called government. Government is the focus of the common purpose of the people
occupying a definite territory. Through this medium, common policies are determined, common affairs are regulated, and common interests are
promoted.

Without government, the people will be just babel of tongues with no cohesion and means of collective action. They would divide themselves
into groups, parties, and even warring associations, creating conditions of utter chaos and even civil war.

Therefore, there must be a common authority and a consequent order wherever people live. It is the prerequisite of human life, and, as such,
the government is an essential element of the State. The State cannot exist without a government, no matter what form a government may
assume.

4. Sovereignty.
The sovereignty of the State is its most essential and distinguishable feature. As people inhabiting a definite portion of territory and having a
government do not constitute a state. They must be internally supreme and free from external control. The sovereignty of the State has two
aspects, internal sovereignty, and external sovereignty. Internal sovereignty is the State’s monopoly of authority inside its boundaries.

This authority cannot be shared with any other State, and none of its members within its territory can owe obedience to any other State. If the
State admits no rival within its own territory, it logically follows that it has no authority outside its own territory.

Each State is independent of Other States. Its will is its own, unaffected by the will of any other external authority. This clarifies the meaning of
external Sovereignty.

Every State, their fore must have its population, a definite territory, a duly established government, and Sovereignty. The absence of any of
these elements denies It the status of Statehood. Accordingly, the term “State” is generally used for the twenty-five units of the Indian Republic.
Any one of the fifty States, which make the United States Of America, is a misnomer.

None of them is sovereign. They possess the elements of population, territory, and government. They are autonomous in their own spheres of
jurisdiction, But autonomy is not sovereignty, and lack of sovereignty does not entitle them to be ranked as States.