Ricky Eka Sanjaya, P

THE ENGLISH AND INDONESIAN

SEGMENTAL PHONEMES

ENGLISH INDONESIAN

• 12 vowels • 6 vowels
• 8 diphtongs • 3 diphtongs
• 23 consonants • 21 consonants
• 2 semi vowels • 2 semi vowels
• 1 syllabic /l/
• 1 syllabic /n/
 INDONESIAN VOWELS
• /a/, /i/, /u/, /o/, /e/, /ә/
• The dialogues are infuenced by the mother tongue
the results in the variants of the vowels, /i/ = /I/,
/e/=/ε/, /u/=/ʊ/, /o/=/ᴐ/
• Example:
• Javanese: /toko/ (a shop) and /tᴐkᴐh/ (a prominent
person.
• Sundanese: /tᴐkᴐ/ and / tᴐkᴐh/ the same meaning.
• Characerized by the degree of openness (allophones)
Indonesian students have difficulty in
differentiating English vowels.

/i/ vs /I/ /u/ vs /ʊ/ /ε/ vs /ᴂ/

• Eat it • Fool full • Beg bag

• Seat sit • Pool pull • Bet bat
• Peak pick • Luke look • Men man
• Feel fill • Shoot soot • Lend land
• Sheep ship • Food foot • Bend band
 Problems for Indonesian learners

/ᴂ/ replaced /ɒ/ replaced /ε/ replaced

by /e/ by /ᴐ/ by /ә/
• Ant /en/ • Port pot • Bend bәn
• bad /bed/ • Dawn don • Lend lәn
• Cat /ket/ • Cord kod • Less lәs
 Diphtong

Closing Centring

Ending in Ending in Ending in

/I/ /ʊ/ /ә/

ei, ai, ᴐi әu, au iә, eә, uә

 DIPHTONG

ENGLISH INDONESIA

•ei, au •ai
•ai, au •au
•ᴐi, iә •ᴐi
•Ӡә, ua
 PROBLEMS IDENTIFICATION
/ei/ • Play ple
Tend to ignore the • May me
last vowel /i/ • Raid red

/әu/ • Go go /gәu/
Tend to neglect the • So so /sәu/
vowel /u/ • Phone pon /fәun/

/ӡә/ • Care /ker/

Tend to replace the • Fair /fer/
last vowel with /er/ • Rare /rer/
 PROBLEMS OF SYLLABIC FOR INDONESIAN
LEARNERS

Syllabic /n/ Syllabic /l/

• Battle bᴂtәl /bᴂtl/ • Fatten fᴂtәn /fᴂtn/
CONSONANTS
 The sounds are produced by blocking the flow of air

as it leaves the mouth. There are many ways of blocking the air
and various tongue, lip and jaw positions required in order to
create accurately the consonants of English.
 CONSONANTS

Plosives

Bilabial alveolar velar

Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless

/b/ /p/ /d/ /t/ /g/ /k/
Significant differences between Indonesian and
English Plosives
ENGLISH INDONESIA

• /t/ is dentalize in Indonesia.

• The English • The glottal plosives /’/ is
voiceless significant and sometimes
replace /k/
plosives is • The voiced plosives never
aspirated occured in the final position
and often the final /b/ is
pronounced /p/: sabtu
/saptu/, sebab /sebap/
 Problems Identification

English Indonesia

Misunderstanding
Phoneme Phoneme

Voiced Voiceless Voiced Voiceless

(lenis) (fortis) (fortis) (lenis)

For example:
Lab /lᴂp/
Sad /sᴂt/
THANK YOU