​ .

The army of the Quraysh that marched to Madina consisted of

1
around 3,000 soldiers, comprising cavalry, infantry, and tribal
allies. It was a formidable force aimed at confronting the Muslims
and subduing their growing influence.

2. In the opinion of the Holy Prophet, the best course of action

regarding the strength of the enemy was to adopt defensive tactics
rather than engaging in open battle. He understood the numerical
and tactical advantage of the Quraysh army and believed that
maintaining defensive positions would better serve the Muslim
forces.

3. The strategy the Holy Prophet had in mind when considering

allowing the enemy to besiege Madina involved utilizing defensive
fortifications and prepared positions to weaken the enemy's
advance and force them into a disadvantageous position. There
were two main opinions regarding facing the army of the Quraysh:
one group favored defending within the city walls, relying on the
protection offered by the fortifications, while the other group
advocated for confronting the enemy outside the city to prevent
them from laying siege and to maintain control over the battlefield.

4. The Holy Prophet ultimately decided to confront the army of the

Quraysh outside the city, leading to the Battle of Uhud. Despite the
risks involved, he chose to engage the enemy in a strategic location
where the Muslims could utilize the terrain to their advantage.

5. At Uhud, the Holy Prophet arranged his army by dividing it into

various units and positions. He strategically placed archers on a
nearby hill to guard the vulnerable flank of the Muslim army and
prevent any enemy encirclement or surprise attacks from that
direction.
6. The instruction given by the Holy Prophet to the band of archers
who were posted at the pass was clear: they were ordered to
maintain their position on the hill and not to leave their post under
any circumstances, regardless of the developments on the
battlefield.

7. However, when the archers saw the enemy retreating in defeat,

they disobeyed the orders and left their position to collect spoils of
war. This decision to abandon their strategic post proved to be a
critical mistake and a turning point in the battle.

8. The mistake of the archers was a tactical error because it left a

crucial flank unprotected, allowing the enemy to exploit this
weakness and launch a surprise attack from the rear. This sudden
reversal of fortunes changed the course of the battle and led to
confusion and disarray among the Muslim ranks.

9. One of the factors that changed the course of the Battle of Uhud
was the mistaken belief among some enemies that they had killed
the Holy Prophet when they encountered a companion who bore a
resemblance to him. This confusion caused chaos among the
Muslim forces and contributed to the disorganization on the
battlefield.

10. From the Battle of Uhud, the companion of the Holy Prophet
learned important lessons about the importance of discipline,
obedience to orders, and the consequences of abandoning strategic
positions in the midst of battle. It emphasized the need for unity,

❤️
discipline, and adherence to the leadership's commands to achieve
success in warfare.
### Recalling

#### 1. The Narrator's Job and Purpose of His Journey

The narrator's job is not explicitly mentioned, but he appears to be
a traveler or visitor. The purpose of his journey is likely exploration
or leisure. He decides to rest for a few hours due to physical
exhaustion or fatigue.

#### 2. Cheng-yu's Age and Response to the Question

Cheng-yu's exact age is not provided in the text, but he seems to be
a young child, perhaps around 8 to 10 years old. When asked, "Why
isn't anybody home?" he responds with an explanation that is not
disclosed in the provided information.

#### 3. Cheng-yu's Assigned Task and Explanation for Refusing

Advice
Cheng-yu has been assigned a task, which is not specified in the
provided information. When advised by the narrator to go to sleep,
Cheng-yu refuses, offering an explanation that is not detailed in the
given text.

#### 4. Narrator's Actions in the Final Paragraph and Realization

In the final paragraph, the narrator engages in an unspecified
action. He realizes that something is waiting for him, although the
nature of this waiting entity is not elaborated upon.

### Interpreting

#### 5. Cheng-yu's Character and Attitude

Cheng-yu appears to be a responsible and dutiful child who takes
his tasks seriously. He displays a respectful attitude towards his
parents and their work, as well as a sense of duty towards his
responsibilities.

#### 6. Narrator's Change in Mood or Outlook

The narrator undergoes a change in mood or outlook throughout
the story, possibly transitioning from a state of weariness or
confusion to a state of realization or understanding. This change
could be triggered by an event or interaction within the narrative.
#### 7. Ideas about Work Conveyed in the Story
The story conveys the importance of diligence, responsibility, and
commitment to one's work. Additionally, it suggests that familial
bonds and fulfilling one's duties are valuable aspects of life.

#### 8. Evaluation of the Story's Moralistic Tone and Entertainment

Value
The story may contain moralistic elements, emphasizing the
importance of hard work and responsibility. Despite this, Tu
manages to keep the story entertaining through engaging
characters, descriptive narrative, and possibly subtle humor or
irony.

### Extending

Unfortunately, the question number 8 seems to be incomplete.

Could you provide more context or clarify the question?
❤️
.### 1. Cities to Connect:
John Roebling envisioned connecting the cities of New York and
Brooklyn through the bridge.

### 2. Engineer Perception:

Bridge building engineers worldwide initially expressed skepticism
and doubts about Roebling's plan. Many believed the span was too
long, and the available technology was insufficient for such a grand
project.

### 3. Convincing of Feasibility:

Roebling succeeded in convincing others of the project's feasibility
through several means:
- **Detailed Plans:** He meticulously drafted calculations and
blueprints showcasing the bridge's design and engineering.
- **Expertise:** Roebling leveraged his extensive expertise in
engineering and bridge construction to instill confidence in the
project.
- **Persistence:** Despite initial skepticism, Roebling persistently
presented his case, addressing concerns and providing
reassurances about the bridge's structural integrity.

### 4. Early Project Development:

When the project was underway for only a few months, a tragic
incident occurred. A ferry accident led to John Roebling's severe
foot injury, incapacitating him and significantly impacting the
project's leadership and progress.

### 5. Public Response to Accident:

Following the accident on the construction site, the public
responded with shock and concern. There was apprehension about
the project's future and the ability to complete the bridge, given
Roebling's incapacitation. However, there was also a sense of
determination and resolve to see the project through as a symbol of
progress and innovation.

### 6. Communication Method of Washington:

Unable to speak or write due to his injury, Washington Roebling
developed a unique method to communicate with his wife, Emily.
He used a system of hand signals and taps on her arm to convey his
thoughts, instructions, and ideas, enabling him to remain actively
involved in the project despite his physical limitations.

### 7. Communication with Engineers:

Over the 13-year construction period, Washington Roebling
continued to communicate with his engineers primarily through
written notes and instructions. Despite his inability to physically
oversee the project, Roebling delegated tasks to capable engineers
and maintained regular correspondence to ensure the project's
progress aligned with his vision. Additionally, he relied on his wife,
Emily Roebling, to interpret and convey his directives to the
engineering team, demonstrating effective delegation and trust in
his colleagues' abilities.
❤️
1. Jean Giono describes his long trip on foot over mountain heights
as arduous yet spiritually enriching, where he encountered the
vastness of nature and the solitude of the wilderness.

2. After three days' walking, Jean Giono found himself in a desolate

and remote area, far away from civilization.

3. Giono portrays the shepherd's living conditions as humble and

simple, living in a small, rudimentary house amidst the rugged
landscape of the mountains.

4. Giono decides to stay for the night at the shepherd's house due to
the darkness enveloping the surroundings and the fatigue from his
long journey.

5. The shepherd used the heap of acorns to feed his pigs.

6. Instead of a stick, the shepherd carried a bag of acorns, and he

scattered them while walking, contributing to the reforestation
efforts in the region.

7. The shepherd planted acorn trees for over thirty years, and
many had grown into full-grown trees, contributing to the
regeneration of the forest.

8. Giono discovered that the shepherd had a past life in the city but
chose to live a solitary and harmonious life close to nature.
9. The shepherd was studying the growth and nurturing of trees,
aiming to restore the barren landscape into a thriving forest.

10. On his second visit after World War I, Giono discovered that the
once desolate area was now a flourishing forest, teeming with life
and greenery.

11. When Giono met the shepherd the second time, he was still
dedicated to his task of planting trees and nurturing the forest.

12. Giono measured the extent of the oak tree forest to be vast,
covering a significant portion of the previously barren landscape.

13. In addition to oak trees, the man had been planting various
other trees, and Giono found springs, brooks, and wildlife
flourishing in the area.

14. Giono refers to a "chain reaction" as the cumulative effect of

small actions leading to significant changes. He attributes this to
the shepherd's solitary efforts, which sparked the regeneration of
the forest ecosystem.

15. Giono saw the man for the last time before World War II.

16. On his last visit in 1945, 35 years after his first visit in 1910,
Giono discovered that the forest had matured and thrived, a
testament to the shepherd's dedication.

17. Bouffier was 90 years old when he died in 1947.

❤️
1) Modern science and technology began to make significant
progress during the Scientific Revolution, which took place roughly
between the 16th and 18th centuries. This period saw
advancements in various fields such as astronomy, physics, biology,
and chemistry, leading to a fundamental change in the way people
understood the natural world.

2) Modern science and technology have revolutionized human life

in numerous ways. They have improved healthcare through the
development of vaccines, antibiotics, and medical treatments. They
have increased agricultural productivity, leading to better food
security. They have revolutionized communication and
transportation, making the world more interconnected. They have
also led to advancements in industry, energy production, and
environmental conservation.

3) Science has enabled humans to modify their environment by

providing knowledge and technology to manipulate natural
resources, control weather patterns, engineer landscapes, and
build infrastructure. This has allowed for the creation of cities,
dams, transportation networks, agricultural systems, and more,
shaping the world according to human needs and desires.

4) Before the establishment of science and technology, people often

relied on superstition, mythology, and religious beliefs to explain
natural phenomena. They attributed events to the will of gods or
spirits and often lacked systematic methods for understanding the
world around them.

5) In the era of technology and science, people tend to think more

analytically and critically. They rely on evidence-based reasoning,
empirical observation, and the scientific method to understand and
solve problems. Technology has also influenced the way people
think by providing access to vast amounts of information and
enabling rapid communication and collaboration.

6) Millions of people died in the great plague that started in 542 AD

due to the outbreak of the bubonic plague, which was caused by
the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The plague spread rapidly through
fleas infesting rats, leading to widespread death and devastation
across Europe, Asia, and Africa.
7) Penicillin was discovered by Scottish biologist and
pharmacologist Alexander Fleming in 1928.

8) Yes, smallpox has been eradicated from the world. The World
Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated in 1980 after a
successful global vaccination campaign.

9) In ancient times, people traveled from one place to another

primarily by foot, using animals such as horses, camels, or oxen for
transportation over longer distances. Travel was slow, arduous, and
often dangerous, with travelers facing risks such as harsh weather,
bandits, and natural obstacles.

10) Modern technology has revolutionized transportation,

introducing faster, safer, and more efficient modes of travel such as
automobiles, airplanes, trains, and ships. These advancements have
greatly reduced travel times, expanded access to remote locations,
and transformed the global economy and society.

11) Various means of communication brought about by modern

technology and science include the internet, smartphones, email,
social media, video conferencing, satellite communication, and
wireless telecommunication networks. These technologies have

❤️
revolutionized the way people communicate, enabling instant
connectivity and information exchange on a global scale.