2D

2 Dimension Mensuration 2

� Zero-Dimensional figure � (point) A

�

One-Dimensional figure only length. h1

c b

h2 h3
B a C
Two-Dimensional figure ( )

B Length and Breadth 1 1 1 1

L Area (�) = ×Base×Height = ah1 = bh2 = ch3
2 2 2 2

r
Three-Dimensional figure � ah1 = bh2 = ch3 = (constant)

Si
H Length, Breadth & Height
1 1 1
�a:b:c= : : (Result)
h1 h2 h3
L B
2. Right angle triangle
� For Any 2D figure �

p
P H
1
5
6
7 15 21 a �
B
Area(�) =
2
× PB

n
18
t
� If each corresponding length of any 2D figure = K io
Perimeter = P+B+H
a
at
times. P�B�H
Inradius (r) =
ic

2
Pr

=K
bl

Then, perimeter = K times =K Hypotenuse H

Circumradius (R) = =
Pu

2 2
Area = K2 times = K2
Triangle 3. Isosceles right angle triangle
on
n

1. Scalene triangle
pi
ga

A
am

H H
2
H2
Ch

c b H Area(�) =
4
Ga

2
B a C
Perimeter = 2H+ 2H = H( 2 +1)
Perimeter =a+b+c
4. Equilateral triangle
a+b+c
Semi-Perimeter (s) =
2 A

Area(�) = s � s � a ��s � b ��s � c �

a a
h
1 1 1
Area (�) = bcsinA = absinC = acsinB B C
2 2 2 a

Area Side/ =a
Inradius (r) =
S

abc a h
Circumradius (R) = Inradius (r) = or
4 � Area 2 3 3

48
 2D
a 2h 5. Isosceles triangle �
Circumradius (R) = or
3 3
A
Perimeter = 3a
� �
3a 2 2
Height (H) =
2 a a
o h
3 2
Area (�)�= a
4
� �
a(side) height Area B C
b b b
2 3 3 2 2

� �k � �k � �k2 4a 2 � b2
Height =
2K 3K 3K
2
(Result) 2

r
� Heronian Triangle: All sides and area is integer. b
Area = 4a 2 � b2
4

Si
Find the Area of � with side � 1 2
Area = a · sin �
36, 29, 25 2
29, 20, 21 Perimeter = 2a + b

p
15, 20, 25 (use the common triplet) A
�
15 + 21 = 36 (Acute �)

common
2 90° triplet a
1 length x c
Pa
b x

n
t
A
B
io x C
a
at
ABC � Equilateral � with side x and height H.
ic

ABC � x H
Pr

29 25
20
bl

P � Any point inside triangle./

Pu

B 21 D 15 C a,b,c � � (Perpendicular) from point P on each side

a,b,c � P ��
on

1
n

Area of triangle = ×36×20 = 360 cm2 H = a+b+c

2
Area �ABC = �BPC + �APC + �APB
pi
ga

� 57, 60, 111 � Find Area

am

3 2 1 1 1
Simplify by 3 3 � 19, 20, 37 x = xa + xb + xc
4 2 2 2
Ch

12 16 12 35
3 2 x 3
Ga

35–16 = 19 (obtuse �) x = (a+b+c) � x = a+b+c

4 2 2
� H = a+b+c
A
2
x= (a+b+c) (Result)
3
37
12 1
20 Area of �ABC = (a+b+c)2
3
30°
B 16 19 cm D A
�
P
1 b b
Area = ×19×12 = 114 x b a b
2
B a a C Q x x R
� Area of original �� �
114 × (3)2 � 114 × 9 � 1026 cm2 Area of �ABC = ax = Area of �PQR

49
 2D
� If regular polygon have same perimeter then figure � Area of quadrilateral made by joining the mid
with more number of sides have greater area. points of all sides of given quadrilateral is half of
the original quadrilateral.

� Area of square > Area of ��with same perimeter.

� > � Square

� Infinite sides � circle �

D a C
� circle has more area then any other closed
r
figure.
�
a O a

Quadilateral r

Quadrilateral A a B

r
Area of �AOB = Area of �BOC = Area of �COD =

Si
Square Rectangle Parallelogram Rhombus Trapezium
a2
Quadrilateral : A closed shape and a type of polygon Area of �AOD =
4
that has 4 sides, 4 vertices and 4 angles.
Perimeter = 4a
4

p
4 4 d2
Area = a2 =
C a diameter =a 2
2

n
t
D
B io a
a
at
Inradius (r) =
2
ic
Pr

d a
bl

A Circumradius (R) = =
2 2
Pu

�A + �B + �C + �D = 360°
Area of circumcircle 2
� Area of Quadrilateral R : r = 2 :1, �
Area of incircle 1
on
n

D C
� If we make circle inside a square and again make
pi
ga

h2 a square inside the circle and so on... the area

am

h1 will becomes half and so on.

A B
Ch
Ga

1
Area = × BD × (h1 + h2)
2

1
= × diagonal × (Sum of perpendiculars drawn
2
on this diagonal)

1
= × ×
2
� In any Quadrilateral

D C
A3
Area of largest square : middle : smallest
A4 A2
A1
A B 4 : 2 : 1
A1 × A 3 = A 2 × A4 � Largest : smallest �4:1

50
 2D
Rectangle
� D C
� 1
A H
B G 1 1 B
O
1
A B
L
C F Perimeter (P) = 2(L + B)
D E Area (A) = L×B
Diagonal = AC = BD = L2 � B2
Area of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H is equal Area of �AOB = Area of �BOC = Area of �COD
� LB
= Area of �AOD =
4
� Radius of maximum size circle that can be put

r
Breadth

Si
3a 2 inside rectangle =
Shaded Area = 2
14

D a C Breadth
=

p
2
a a 4 2
Area of leaf = a Parallelogram

A a B
a
7
� D a C

n
t
Area of leaf
iob b
a
at
a C
=a + a –
ic

A a B
Pr

A a a
bl

Perimeter = 2 (a + b)
Pu

� 2 2 �� � 4 AC + BD = 2 (a + b2)
2 2 2

a –a = � � 1� a2 = a2
2 � 2 � 7 Area = Base × Height
on
n

� If side of square =a If length of one diagonal is d d

pi

Then Area = 2 s(s � a)(s � b)(s � d)

ga
am

r1
D C a�b�d
Where s=
2
Ch

r3
Rhombus
Ga

� D a C
r2 d1
O d
a 2 a
A a B
A a B
a 3a a Perimeter = 4a
r1= , r2= , r3=
16 8 6
4a2 = d12 � d22 (Property)
� a 3a a �
r1:r2:r3 = � : : � × 48 = 3 : 18 : 8 1
�16 8 6 � area = � d1 � d2
2
Area = Base × Height
Area of ��������� Area of � BOC = Area of COD =
Area of �AOD

51
 2D
Trapezium Circle
� b �
D C
h d1 r
d O c
d2
A a B
Perimeter =a+b+c+d circumference
= constant =��
1 diameter
Area = (Sum of parallel sides
2 C
) × distance between them =�� � Circumference = 2�r
2r
Area = �r2
1 radius c=2�r A=�r2

r
Area = (a + b) × h
2 7 44 154

Si
7K 44K 154K2
d12 � d22 = c2 + d2 + 2ab (Property)
24.5 44×3.5 154×(3.5)2 � 24.5=7×3.5
Path Around or Inside a Rectangle
28 44×4 154×16
Sector of a circle
1. Crossing road inside rectnagle

p
�

� b
a
n
O
t
x io r r
a
at
A B
ic

l
Pr

x l
bl

�
Pu

Area of crossing road = lx + bx –x2 � = central angle = (sector is what part of

360�
= x(l+b–x)
circle)
on
n

Perimeter of path = 2(l + b – 2x)

�
2. Path inside a rectangle �= =
pi

360�
ga
am

x
Area of sector OAB =
x x b
Ch

x θ lr
× �r 2 =
l 360° 2
Ga

Area of path = 2x (l + b – 2x)

θ
Perimeter of path = 4 (l + b – 2x) Length of AB = l = × 2�r
360°
Where x is the width of the path. x
�c
3. Path Outside a rectangular field �° = � ×
180

��
x l = r×
180
x b x
l
x l
l = r�c or �c =
r
Area of path = 2x (l + b + 2x)
Perimeter of path = 4 (l + b + 2x)
Where is x is the width of path x

52
 2D
Segment For semi-circle
� Minor segment � 22

O 7 7
Radius Circumference Area
7 120° 7
7 36 77
30° 30°
A 7 3 B Perimeter = �r + diameter
Minor Segment
�r 2

Area =
2
Area of minor segment = Area of sector – Area of
For a quadrant
�OAB

r
�OAB �
11

Si
120� 1 7
� × 154 – × 7 × 7 × sin120°
360� 2
7
154 49 3 Radius Circumference Area
� – ×
3 2 2

p
� 154 49 3 � 77
� �� 3 � 4 �� cm2
� �
a 7 25

2 �r
2
= 38.5

�r

n
t
� Major segment Perimeter =r+r+ = 2r +
io 4 2
a
Area of major segment �
at
�r 2
Area =
4
ic
Pr

�
bl
Pu

210° Major Segment

O
10 150° 10
on
n

A B
pi

7 3
ga
am

Length of string = 2�r + 2 × number of circles

Area of sector (210°) + Area of �OAB
Ch

= 2�r + 2 ×
(210°) + �OAB
Ga

210� 1
�� × 100��+ ×10×10×sin150° �
360� 2 A r r
B
r r
7 1 1
�� ×100��+ ×10×10×
12 2 2 r r O
C
� 175� �
�� � � 25 � cm2
� 3 �
�ABC = equilateral �
Perimeter of segment
OB = circumradius
� �� �� Let radius of small circle = x
= 2r � � sin �
� 360 � 2�
x
side of equilateral� 2r
OB = �
3 3

53
 2D
2r
�x= –r
3
Derived Figure
�2- 3 �
x = �� �×r
� 3 ��
15
If we draw a big circle around these 3 circles, then
2r R 15
radius of that big circle � y = +r radius of shaded part = =
3 6 6
3 � n semi-circle (even) drawn on diameter AB
2r n AB
�y= +r
3 R
Radius of each small semi-circle =
n

r
�2� 3 �
y = r × �� � (Result) R
3 �� =

Si
� n
� Two circles of equal radius are touch each other
as shown in figure, a square of side 'a' is placed R
+r
between two circles. One side of square is on n
R–r

p
direct common tangent of both circles, find r/a?
r a A R B
O

r/a
a �R
2
� �R�
2

� � r � = � � +(R–r)2

n
�n � �n�
t
io
After solving this
a
at
O1 O2 nR
ic

radius of small circle r = 2 � n +1�

Pr
bl
Pu

r 5
=
a 2
on
n

8
pi

� R Here, n = 2, R = 8
ga

R
am

6
3 � radius of shaded part

2� 8 8
Ch

Base Figure = =
R R 2� 3 3
Ga

2
� Find A/B = ?
R
4
A A

B B

Derived Figure B B

A A
12
24
A=B (Property)
R 12
radius of shaded part = = =4 A
3 3 =1:1
B

54