The diagram show a circuit which can be adapted to enable a lamp to switch on and off automatically

using a transistor. The lamp switches on when the temperature of the thermistor increases. Describe
how the circuit and transistor in the diagram cause the lamp to switch on?

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Temperature-Controlled Lamp with Transistor

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User

The diagram show a circuit which can be adapted to enable a lamp to switch on and off automatically
using a transistor. The lamp switches on when the temperature of the thermistor increases. Describe
how the circuit and transistor in the diagram cause the lamp to switch on?

ChatGPT

The circuit you're describing appears to be a basic temperature-controlled switch using a thermistor and
a transistor. Here's how it works:

Thermistor: The thermistor is a temperature-sensitive resistor. As the temperature changes, its

resistance changes. Specifically, it usually decreases as the temperature increases.

Base Resistor (R2): This resistor is connected to the base of the transistor. Its purpose is to limit the
current flowing into the base of the transistor.

Transistor: The transistor in this circuit is likely an NPN transistor, such as a 2N3904 or similar. It has
three terminals: collector (C), base (B), and emitter (E).
Lamp: The lamp is connected in series with the collector terminal of the transistor.

Here's how the circuit operates:

When the temperature rises and the thermistor's resistance decreases, it allows more current to flow
through it.

This increased current flows into the base terminal (B) of the transistor. The base-emitter junction of the
transistor becomes forward-biased, allowing current to flow from the collector to the emitter.

As a result, the transistor switches into its conducting state, allowing current to flow from the collector
to the emitter.

This current then passes through the lamp, causing it to light up.

In summary, the circuit uses the thermistor's temperature-dependent resistance to control the flow of
current into the base of the transistor. When the temperature increases and the thermistor's resistance
decreases, the transistor turns on, allowing current to flow through the lamp, which causes it to switch
on automatically when the temperature reaches a certain level.

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Temperature-Controlled Lamp with Transistor