Dept of Mathematics

SRM University-AP, Amaravati

LINEAR ALGEBRA - FIC-117(UNIT-I)
Exercise-I
Chapter 1
1. Find the following matrix products:
      
  1   3 1 0 0 1 2 3
1 −2 7 −2 , 1 −2 7 4 and −1 1 0 1 3 1
7 5 −1 0 1 1 4 0
The first gives the length of the vector(squared).
2. The matrix that rotates the x-y plane by an angle θ is
 
cos θ − sin θ
A(θ) = . Verify that A(θ1 )A(θ2 ) = A(θ1 + θ2 ) and find the value of
sin θ cos θ
A(θ)A(−θ).
3. Give 3 by 3 examples (not just the zero matrix) of
(i) a diagonal matrix : aij = 0 if i 6= j.
(ii) a symmetric matrix : aij = aji for all i and j.
(iii) an upper triangular matrix : aij = 0 if i > j.
(iv) a skew-symmetric matrix : aij = −aji for all i and j.
(v) a scalar matrix: aij = 0 if i 6= j and aii are equal for all i.
4. If A = AT and B = B T , which of the following matrices are certainly symmetric?
(i) A2 − B 2
(ii) (A + B)(A − B)
(iii) ABA
(iv) ABAB.
5. Which of the following matrices are guaranteed to be equal to (A + B)2 ?
A2 + 2AB + B 2 , A(A + B) + B(A + B), (A + B)(B + A), A2 + AB + BA + B 2 .
6. Write these ancient problems in a 2 by 2 matrix form Ax = b and solve them:
(i) X is twice as old as Y and their ages add to 39.
(ii) (x, y) = (2, 5) and (3, 5) lie on the line y = mx + c. Find m and c.
7. Find the determinant of the following matrices
 
 2  1 bcd b + c + d a2
a a 1 1 acd a + c + d b2 
 b2 b 1 1 abd a + b + d c2  .
 
c2 c 1
1 abc a + b + c d2
Chapter 2
1. For which values of k does
kx + y = 1
x + ky = 1
have no solution, one solution, or infinitely many solutions ?
2. These equations are certain to have the solution x = y = 0. For which values of a is there
a whole line of solutions?
ax + 2y = 0
2x + ay = 0

3. Find solution to the given system of linear equations.

(i)
x+ y+ z =2
x + 2y + z = 3
2x + 3y + 2z = 5

(ii)
2x − y + z = 0
4x + y + z = 2.

(iii)
x + 2y + 3z = 9
2x − y + z = 8
3x − z=3

(iv)
3x + 6y + 6z = 5
3x − 6y − 3z = 2
3x − 2y =1

4. Consider the linear systems of equations

x + y + 2z = −1
x − 2y + z = −5
3x + y + z = 3
and
2x + y + z − 2w = 1
3x − 2y + z − 6w = −2
x+ y− z− w = −1
6x + + z − 9w = −2
5x − y + 2z − 8w = 3.

Find all solutions using Gauss elimination and by Gauss Jordan reduction method.
5. In the following system determine all values of a for which the resulting system has
(a) no solution
(b) a unique solution
(c) infinitely many solutions

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 x+ y+ z= 2
2x + 3y + 2z = 5
2x + 3y + (a2 − 1)z = a + 1.

6. Find a row echelon form and the row reduced echelon form of the given matrices.
 
    1 0 1
−1 2 −5 1 1 −4 −1 2 −2
 2 −1 6  −2 −1 10 
 0 1 0 .
 
2 −2 7 4 3 −12
−2 7 −5

7. Find the inverse of the following matrices (by any legal method)
   
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
 1
 and A = − 2 1 0 0
0 0 2 0
A= 0  0 − 2

3 0 0 3
1 0 
3
4 0 0 0 0 0 −4 1
8. Invert these matrices by the Gauss-Jordan method starting with [A I] :
   
1 0 0 1 1 1
A= 2 1
 3 and A = 1
  2 2.
0 0 1 1 2 3
9. Give examples of A and B such that
(i) A + B is not invertible although A and B are invertible.
(ii) A + B is invertible although A and B are not invertible.
(iii) all of A, B and A + B are not invertible.
In the last case use A−1 (A + B)B −1 = B −1 + A−1 is also invertible.
10. If A is invertible, which properties of A remain true for A−1 ?
(i) A is invertible
(ii) A is symmetric
(iii) All entries are integers
(iv) All entries are fractions (including the numbers like 13 ).
11. True or false (with a counter example if false and a reason if true)
(i) A is a 4 by 4 matrix with a row of zeros is not invertible.
(ii) A matrix with all 1’s down the main diagonal is invertible.
(iii) If A is invertible then A−1 is also invertible.
(iv) If AT is invertible then A is invertible.
12. (i) What 3 by 3 elementary matrix will add row 3 to row 1 ?
(ii) What 3 by 3 elementary matrix will add 2 times row 1 to row 2.
Chapter 3
1. Construct a subset of the xy plane R2 that is
(i) closed under vector addition and substraction, but not scalar multiplication.
(ii) closed under scalar multiplication but not under vector addition.
Hint: Starting with u and v, add and substract for (i).Try cu and cv for (ii).

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 2. Show that the intersection of two subspaces of a vector space is again a subspace of that
vector space.

3. Which of the following are subspaces of R3 ?

(i) The plane of vectors b = (b1 , b2 , b3 ) with first component b1 = 0.
(ii) The plane of vectors b = (b1 , b2 , b3 ) with first component b1 = 1.
(iii) The plane of vectors b = (b1 , b2 , b3 ) with b2 b3 = 0 (this is the union of two subspaces,
the plane b2 = 0 and the plane b3 = 0).
(iv) The plane of vectors b = (b1 , b2 , b3 ) that satisfy b3 − b2 + 3b1 = 0
(v) All combinations of two given vectors (1, 1, 0) and (2, 0, 1).
4. Decide the dependence or independence of
(a) the vectors (1, 3, 2), (2, 1, 3), and (3, 2, 1).
(b) the vectors (1, −3, 2), (2, 1, −3), and (−3, 2, 1).
5. Is (1, 2, 3) in the span of the set T = {(−1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 1)}.
6. Is (1, 1, 1) in the span of the set T = {(2, −1, 1), (0, 1, 4), (−2, 2, 3)}.
7. If w1 , w2 , w3 are independent vectors, show that the differences v1 = w2 − w3 , v2 = w1 −
w3 and v3 = w1 − w2 are dependent. Find the combination of the v’s that gives zero.
8. Suppose v1 , v2 , v3 , v4 are vectors in R3 .
(i) These four vectors are dependent because .
(ii) The two vectors v1 and v2 will be dependent if .
(iii) The vector v1 and (0, 0, 0) are dependent because .
9. Find a basis for each of these subspaces of R4 .
(i) All vectors whose components are equal.
(ii) All vectors whose components add to zero.
(iii) All vectors that are perpendicular to (1, 1, 0, 0) and (1, 0, 1, 1).
10. Find the dimensions of these vector spaces:
(i) The space of all vectors in R4 whose components add to zero.
(ii) The space of all 4 by 4 matrices.

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