4a. Moment of a Force About a Point Moment ofa force ~ itis the tendency of a force to rotate the body on which it aets about a given point or axis Moment arm or lever arm ~ itis the perpendicular distance from the point or axis to the line of action of the force ‘Moment center ~ itis the point where the body rotates or tends to rotate ° wi M= Fa where: M= moment of the force F = magnitude of the force d= lever arm Foo ‘Since the moment M has a direction, itis a vector quantity that is perpendicular to the plane of the body. ‘The sense of M depends on the direction in which F tends to rotate the body. The right-hand rule is used to identify this sense, and the moment of F about 0-O may be represented as a vector pointing in the direction of the thumb with the fingers curled in the direction of the tendency to rotate 4.b. Varignon’s Theorem or Principle of Moments, ‘The principle of moments states that “The moment of a force about a point is equal to the sum of the ‘moments of its components about the same point”. My= Rd = R(hcosy) M, = da = Athcosa) Eq. M, = Bb = Bfhcos f) / also Reos y= A cos a+ B cos Eq.2 Multiplying both sides of Eq. 2 by / and substituting Eq.1 yields Mp=Mi + Mp 4.¢. Principle of Transmissibility The principle of transmissibility states that “the conditions of equilibrium or motion of a rigid body will remain unchanged if a force F acting at a given ZL) point of the rigid body is replaced by a force F' of the same magnitude and ° same direction, but acting at a different point, provided that the two forces have the same line of action”:1, Determine the moment of the force F = 40i + 80j N about point O. (Pytel, 1996) F-65015 3. A.90-N force is applied to the control rod AB as shown. Knowing that the length of the rod is 225 mm, determine the moment of the force about point B. Po 4. A force P acts in the x-y plane. The moments of P about points O, A, and B are 80 N-m, ~200 N-m, and 0, respectively. Determine P. (Pytel, 1996) ¥ 2 ol] Di 5. Determine the direction 0 of the 40-Ib force F so that F produces the maximum moment about point A. ‘Compute the maximum moment. (Hibbeler, 1986) I: ' rm6. Determine the total moment of all the forces about point 4. (Das, 1994) 180N 1. Determine the moment of the force about point O. Ans. 3557-132 lb-ft 2. Determine the moment of the force about point O, Neglect the thickness of the member. (Hibbeler, 2010) Ans. 11.2N-m 3. Find the resultant moment produced by the two forces shown about point O. (Hibbeler, 2010) ns. 268N-m Keon 03m won4. ‘The S-KN force produces a moment of 10 KN-m clockwise about point A. Determine the angle 0. Ans. 49.788 SKN 4.e. Moment of a Couple Couple ~ consists of two forces that are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction, and have parallel (non- collinear) lines of action, It produces a purely rotational effect. ‘The moment produced by a couple is equal to the product of one of the forces F composing the couple ‘multiplied by the perpendicular distance d (lever arm) between their action lines; i.e. M = Fa F 1p Referring tothe figure, Mi= Fla +d) Fa=Fa+ Fd~Fa d My= Fd Me= Fa Mp = F(d + b) Fb = Fd + Fb— Fb = Fa From the above result, moment of a couple is the same about any point in the plane of the couple, i.e. the ‘moment sum of its forces is constant and independent of any moment center. 1, Determine the moment of the couple shown and the perpendicular distance between theit lies of action, Pv 4008 — 400 N ie A x ion 2. Two parallel 75-N forces are applied to a lever as shown. Determine the moment of the couple formed by the two forces. (Beer, 1998)3. A steel plate is acted upon by two couples as shown, Determine the value of @ if the resultant of the two ‘couples is 10 N-m counterclockwise. 1. Four pegs of the same diameter are attached to a board as shown. Two strings are passed around the pees and pulled with the forees indicated. Determine the diameter ofthe pegs knowing that the esultant couple applied to the board is 4.85 N-m counterclockwise. (Beer, 1998) dns. 12.5 mm 25N 35 60 00 aN #0. 25N 2. A plate in the shape of parallelogram is acted upon by two couples as shown. Determine a) the moment of the couple formed by the two 21- N forces, 6) the perpendicular distance between the 12-N forces if the resultant of the two couples is zero, c) the value of a if the resultant couple is 1.8 Nem clockwise and d is 1.05 m. (Beer, 1998) Ans. a) 84 N-mm; 6) 0.7 mc) $4” anc 2 | bam fan aN gy B 3. The ends of the triangular plate are subjected to three couples as shown. Determine the plate dimension d so that the resultant couple is 350 N-m clockwise, (Hibbeler, 1986) Ans. 1.543 m 44-£, Resultants of Force Systems Any system of forces, however complex, can be reduced to an equivalent force-couple system at a given point consisting of a force which is equal to the sum of the forces of the system and a couple vector of moment equal to the moment resultant of the system. This equivalent force-couple system characterizes completely the effect of the given force system on the rigid body. 4.61, Coplanar Force Systems ‘The resultant of a coplanar force system can be expressed as, R=Ri+RT where: R,=2F, and R,=2F, and the magnitude and direction angle , measured from the x-component, can be computed respectively, from the equations The location of the line of action of the resultant with respect to an arbitrary reference point, say O, can be determined by applying the principle of moments, Hence, Mi=EM, |. Thee forces are applied to a beam as shown in the figure, Replace the three forces by an equivalent force couple system at point C. (Riley, 1993) $0 751 9b eee oe ae | 2. A couple of magnitude Mf = $40 mN-m and three forces shown are applied to an angle bracket. Find the resultant of this system of forces andl locate the points where the line oF action of the resultant intersects the line 4B and line BC. (Beer, 1998) ww 30N em EN 3. Determine the magnitudes of F, and F, and the ditection of F, so that the loading creates a zero resultant force and couple on the wheel. (Hilbbeler, 1986)4. Determine the magnitude and direction @ of force F and the couple moment M such that the loading system is equivalent to a resultant force of 600 N, acting vertically downward at O, and a clockwise couple moment of 4000 N-m. (Hlibbeler, 1986) 800 N 1, Replace the loading system by an equivalent resultant force and specify where the resultant’s line of action intersects the beam measured from . (Hibbeler, 2010) Ans. Fy ~ 1250 lb: x= 6 i orbinbon bal 2. Replace the loading system acting on the post by a single resultant force and specify its point of application ‘on the post measured from point O. (Hibbeler, 1986) Ans. 69.255 lb“; = 18.96"; 3.22 ft 3. Replace the two forces by an equivalent resultant fores and couple moment at poing O if F = 20 Ib, (Hibbeler, 2010) Ans. Fy = 29.9 Ib at 8 = 78.4° from the positive axis, My = 155.6 Ib-in =p