EXP NO: DATE:

SINGLE-PHASE HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER

AIM:
I. Study a single-phase half-controlled converter with the R-L load.
(a) Find the range of possible values of triggering angles.
(b) Observe and draw the following waveforms for minimum and maximum values of α
(i) AC input voltage and current.
(ii) Output load voltage and current.
(iii) Output load voltage and Free-wheel diode current
(iv) The voltage across thyristor and current through thyristor.
II. To determine the triggering angle at which the average free-wheel diode current is
maximum for the given R-L load.
III. Observe the output voltage waveform, calculate the output DC voltage using the equation,
and verify with the values observed in the DSO.

APPARATUS:

Sl ITEM DESCRIPTION NOs

No:
1. 1 Half controlled Bridge Rectifier 1 No
2. Loading rheostat 43,2.8 A 1 No
3. Inductance 0.28 H 1 No
4. Dual trace oscilloscope with 2 1:1 probe 1 No
5. Isolation transformer 240V/27V 1 No
6. Digital multimeter 3 ½ digit 1 No
7. (Current sensing ) Resistors;0.15 1No

THEORY:
The circuit of a 1 phase half-controlled bridge converter with a free-wheeling diode is shown in
Fig. 1.
Operation with R-L loads with continuous conduction:
In the steady state just before T1 is triggered during positive half cycle, free-wheeling
diode DFW would be conducting when load current is continuous. Both T1 and T2 are off. The
forward biased thyristor T1 is triggered at t =  . The supply voltage now appears as reverse
voltage across T2. Source is connected to load via T1 and D2 . Freewheeling diode is reverse biased
by the positive load voltage. The load current shifts from freewheeling diode to T1 and D2. The
source starts applying the load current. At t = 1800 the load voltage become zero. But due to load
inductance the load current would still be positive. T1 will continue to conduct. When the load
voltage tends to become more negative than the forward drop of free wheeling diode it starts to
conduct and load current shifts gradually to free wheeling diode and current through T1 and D2
becomes zero. When load current has completely shifted to D FW the source current also become
zero.

i0

is T1 T2 VO
Vs +
Z
DFW
-
Vs=Vmsint D1 D2 iFW

Fig. 1. HALF CONTROLLED BRIDGE CONVERTER

During the negative half cycle T2 is triggered at t=+. Now source voltage appears
across load with same polarity. Current transfers from free wheeling diode to T2 and D1 and source
starts supplying the load current. At t=2, again free wheeling diode starts conducting and current
through T2 – D1 becomes zero. The cycle then repeats with alternatively triggering T 1 and T2 . The
waveforms of the circuit are shown in Fig for =600 .
1 V
The average output voltage V0 is given by V0 =  V sin t.d t   m 1  cos  
 m 
both for R-L load with continuous conduction.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect R-L load across the bridge output shown in Fig. 2.

2. Check the fuses F1,F2, and F3 on the top of the kit,F4 at the back side of the kit and
F5 on the transformer are intact.
3. Plug in the three pin socket provided for control circuit to 240V, 1 mains. Switch
on power.
4. Switch on the control circuit switch Sc in the kit.
5. Keep the potentiometer provided for  control at the left extreme position (for
maximum delay angle or minimum output voltage).
6. Make sure that the triggering signals for both thyristors are present (by connecting
the oscilloscope ground to points J or H and Trace A and Trace B inputs to gate of
T1 and T2)
 7. Plug in the three pin plug provided for the isolation transformer and switch on the
power. Switch on the power circuit switch Sp provided on the kit.

I. To Observe Waveforms, Probe Positions are as follows:

a. Output voltage and current: Scope ground at (A), Trace A at (B) and Trace B at (C).
Adjust the  control potentiometer to set the triggering the angle at the required
value of 540 . Note down the waveforms.
b. Output voltage and free-wheel diode current: Scope ground at (D), Trace A at (B)
and Trace B at (A).
After observing the waveforms switch off Sc and input power.
II Calculate the output dc voltage using formula V 0 =Vm /(1+cos).

J H B 1A
0.15 F3
F1 1A F2 1A
T1 T2
SP
0.5A F DFW L=0.28H
K +
230V F5
V
50Hz D -
1
0.15
240/27V E D1 D2 0.15
G R=43,2.8A
ISOLATION
TRANSFORM ER

A
SC
F4
230V G1
50Hz CONTROL X G2
1 CIRCUIT K

Fig. 2. Experimental circuit of half bridge converter

MODEL GRAPH:

Fig 3. Waveform Single phase Half controlled bridge for RL load

RESULTS:
1. The range of triggering angles is _________to _____________
2. Forward drop of thyristor for given load is __________.
3. The triggering angle at which the average free-wheel diode current is maximum for the
given R-L load is _____________ and the value of average diode current is ____________.
4. The calculated output D.C voltage is ____________and measured output voltage
is__________.
INFERENCE:

1. What is the difference observed in simulation on the freewheeling action of a half bridge
converter with and without a freewheeling diode?

2. Comment on the peak and average value of freewheeling current with the variation in the
triggering angle.

3. Is there any change observed on the output voltage wave shape by the removal of
freewheeling diode?