FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)

SINGLE CORRECT
ef(x) −e|f(x)|
1. If f(x) is a polynomial function such that |f(x)| ≤ 1∀x ∈ R and g(x) = , then
ef(x) +e|f(x)|

the range of g(x) is

e2 +1
(A) [0,1] (B) [0, ]
e2 −1
e2 −1 1−e2
(C) [0, ] (D) [ , 0]
e2 +1 1+e2
3
2. f(x) = −x 2 + 1, g(x) = − √x. Then (gofogofogogog) (x) is
(A) odd function (B) even function
(C) polynomial function (D) identity function
2
3. Let f(x) = (3x + 2)2 − 1, −∞ < x ≤ − . If g(x) is the function whose graph is the
3

reflection of the graph of f(x) with respect to line y = x, then g(x) equals to
1 1
(A) (−2 + √x + 1), x ≥ −1 (B) (−2 − √x + 1), x ≥ −1
3 3
1 1
(C) (−1 − √x + 2), x ≥ −2 (D) (−1 + √x + 2), x ≥ −2
3 3

4. If f(x) = cos⁡ 8π{x} + sin⁡ 2πxcosec⁡ 2πx

(where {.}representsfractionalpartfunction), thenfundamentalperiod of f(x) is
1 1 7
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D)
4 2 8

5. If f(x + y + 1) = (√f(x) + √f(y))2 and f(0) = 1, ∀x, y ∈ R then f(x) can be

(A) 1 − x 2 (B) 1 − x
(C) (x + 1)2 (D) x 2 − 1
π π
6. The solution set of the inequality (cosec −1 ⁡ x)2 − 2(cosec −1 ⁡ x) ≥ cosec −1 ⁡ x − is
6 3

(−∞, a] ∪ [b, ∞), then (a + b) is equal to

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) -3 (D) 1
2 4
7. If f(x) = tan−1 ⁡ x − (tan−1 ⁡ x)2 + (tan−1 ⁡ x)3 − ⋯ … … … … … . . . . ∞ then the sum
π π2

of integral values of a for which the equation f 2 (x) + (sin−1 ⁡ x)2 = a, possess solution,
is
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 9 (D) 10

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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
1 1 1
8. If α = tan−1 ⁡(1) + tan−1 ⁡(2) + tan−1 ⁡(3), β = tan−1 ⁡(1) + 2tan−1 ⁡ ( ) +
2 3 2
1 pπ r
3tan−1 ⁡ ( ) and |α − β| = + cot −1 ⁡(3),
3 q s

where p, q, r, s ∈ N and are in their lowest form then which of the following is
INCORRECT ?
(A) p − r = 0 (B) q = 4s
(C) p + q + r + s = 42 (D) pr = 1 + q
3 16 1 7
9. 2cos −1 ⁡ + cot −1 ⁡ + cos −1 ⁡ is equal to
√13 63 2 25
π
(A) π (B) 2π (C) (D) none
2

10.The set of values of 'a' for which x 2 + ax + sin−1 ⁡(x 2 − 4x + 5) + cos −1 ⁡(x 2 − 4x +
5) = 0 has at least one solution is
(A) (−∞, −√2π] ∪ [√2π, ∞) (B) (−∞, −√2π) ∪ (√2π, ∞)
π+8
(C) R (D) − ( )
4

11.The number of solutions of the equation |tan−1 |x|| = √(x 2 + 1)2 − 4x 2 is

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) none of these
12.The product of all values of x satisfying the equation
2x2 +10|x|+4 2−18|x| π
sin−1 ⁡ cos⁡ ( ) = cot⁡ (cot −1 ⁡ ( )) + 2 is
x2 +5|x|+3 9|x|

(A) 9 (B) -9 (C) -3 (D) -1

1 1 2
13.The sum of roots of the equation tan−1 ⁡ + tan−1 ⁡ = tan−1 ⁡ is
1+2x 1+4x x2

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) none of these

14.If a = 2, then sum of series cot −1 ⁡(2a−1 + a) + cot −1 ⁡(2a−1 + 3a) + cot −1 ⁡(2a−1 +
6a) + cot −1 ⁡(2a−1 + 10a) + ⋯. upto infinite terms, is
π π π π
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 3 6
2 2 2
15.Let Sn = cot −1 ⁡ (3x + ) + cot −1 ⁡ (6x + ) + cot −1 ⁡ (10x + ) + ⋯ … … … . +n terms,
x x x

where x > 0. If Limn→∞ ⁡ Sn = 1, then x equals

π
(A) (B) 1 (C) tan⁡ 1 (D) cot⁡ 1
4

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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
INTEGER TYPE
x3
16.If f(x) = + 3x 2 + k 2 x − 10 is a many one function, find sum of all positive integral
3

values of k.
17.Product of all the values of x satisfying the equation:
1 x+5
1 − log 9 ⁡(x + 1)2 = log √3 ⁡ ( ) is
2 x+3

18.If the range of the function f(x) = √24{x} − 5 − 16{x}2 , ({.} denotes fractional part of
x ) is [a, b] then the value of b2 − a is equal to___
2 2 p
19.If the range of the function f(x) = log 2 ⁡(4x + 4(x−1) ) is [ , b) (where p, q ∈ N ), find
q

the least value of (p + q).

1−x
20.Let f: [0,1] → [0,1] defined by f(x) = , for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 and let g: [0,1] → [0,1]
1+x

defined by g(x) = 4x(1 − x),0 ≤ x ≤ 1. If range of f ∘ g(x) is [α, β], then α + β =

21.Given f: R → R; f(x) = 2x 3 − 3(k + 2)x 2 + 12kx − 7, −4 ≤ k ≤ 6, k ∈ I, then find the
number of values of k for f(x) to be invertible.
22.Let f(x) = x + x 2 + x 4 + x 8 + x16 + x 32 + ⋯ … the coefficient of x10 in f(f(x)) is
ax 1 2 9 10
23.f: R → R is given by f(x) = ∀x ∈ R, then f ( ) + f ( ) + ⋯ + f ( ) + f ( ) =
ax + √ a 11 11 11 11

2−√3 √12
24.The value of sin−1 ⁡ (cot⁡ (sin−1 ⁡ √ + cos −1 ⁡ + sec −1 ⁡ √2)) is
4 4

25.If sum of the series cot −1 ⁡(2.12 ) + cot −1 ⁡(2.22 ) + cot −1 ⁡(2.32 ) + ⋯ … … ∞ is equal to
kπ, then find the value of [k], where [.] denotes greatest integer function.

MORE THAN ONE CORRECT

26.A = {1,2,3,4,5}, B = {1,2,3,4} and f: A → B is a function, then:
(A) number of onto functions if n(f(A)) = 4 is 240
(B) number of onto functions if n(f(A)) = 3 is 600
(C) number of onto functions if n(f(A)) = 2 is 180
(D) number of onto functions if n(f(A)) = 1 is 5

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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
27.Let f: A → B, where A = {1,2,3,4}, B = {3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17} and f(2) = 7
(A) number of one-one function f: A → B is 25
(B) number of strictly increasing function f: A → B is 20
(C) number of strictly decreasing function f: A → B is 5
(D) number of function f: A → B is 83
x 2 − 4, if |x| ≤ 3 π
28.Let f(x) = { and g(x) = 2tan−1 ⁡(ex ) − for all x ∈ R, then
5sgn⁡ |x − 3|, if |x| > 3 2

which of the following is(are) correct? [Note: sgn⁡(k) denotes the signum function of
k.]
(A) f(x) is an even function. (B) g ∘ f(x) is an even function.
(C) g ∘ g⁡(x) is an odd function (D) f⁡∘⁡f( x ) is an odd function.
29.Let g be the inverse of the continuous function f, Let there be a point (α, β), where α ≠
β, is such that it satisfies each of y = f(x) and y = g(x) then
(A) the equation f(x) = g(x) has infinitely many solutions
(B) the equation f(x) = g(x) has atleast 3 solutions
(C) f must be a decreasing function of x
(D) g can be an increasing function of x
1 1 πx π
30.If 2f(x) + xf ( ) − 2f (|√2sin⁡ π (x + )|) = 4cos 2 ⁡ ( ) + xcos⁡ , ∀x ∈ R − {0} then
x 4 2 x

which of the following statements(s) is/are true?

1
(A) f(2) + f ( ) = 1 (B) f(2) + f(1) = 0
2
1 1
(C) f(2) + f(1) = f ( ) (D) f(1) + f ( ) = 1
2 2
31.Let f(x) = ||x 2 − 4x + 3| − 2|. Which of the following is/are correct?
(A) f(x) = m has exactly two real solutions of different sign⁡ ∀m > 2.
(B) f(x) = m has exactly two real solutions ∀m ∈ (2, ∞) ∪ {0}.
(C) f(x) = m has no solutions ∀m < 0.
(D) f(x) = m has four distinct real solutions ∀m ∈ (0,1).
π
32.If tan−1 ⁡(x 2 + 3|x| − 4) + cot −1 ⁡(4π + sin−1 ⁡ sin⁡ 14) = , then the value of
2

sin−1 ⁡ sin⁡ 2x is
(A) 6 − 2π (B) 2π − 6 (C) π − 3 (D) 3 − π
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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
−1
33.Let f(x) = cos ⁡(cos⁡ 2x) and g(x) = |cos⁡ x| then
(A) number of solution of f(x) = g(x) in [0,2π] is 4 .
(B) max{f(x), g(x)} is a periodic function
(C) max{f(x), g(x)} is a non differentiable function for some x,
(D) min{f(x), g(x)} is an even function

MATRIX MATCH
34.Match the inequality in column-I with their complete solution set in column-II.
Column – I Column-II
(A) ⁡ log sin x log 3 log 0.2 x < 0 (p) [−1,1]
(ex −1)(2x−3)(x2 +x+2)
(B) ⁡ (sin x−2)x(x+1)
≤0 (q) [−3,6)
1
(C) |2 − |[x] − 1|| ≤ 2, (r) ⁡ (0, )
125

[.] represents greatest integer function.

π 3
(D) ⁡|sin−1 (3x − 4x 3 )| ≤ (s) ⁡(−∞, −1) ∪ [ , ∞)
2 2

(t) ϕ
35.Match the following:
COLUMN-I COLUMN-II
(A) Solution of |x 2 − 1 + sin⁡ x| = (p) (−∞, 1)
|x 2 − 1| + |sin⁡ x| in [−2π, 2π]
1 π π
(B) Domain of f(x) = (q) ( , )
4 2
√log1/2 ⁡(x2 −7x+13)

(C) Domain of single valued (r) (3,4)

function y = f(x) given by
10x + 10y = 10 is:
π
(D) Let x ∈ (0, ), then solution (s) x ∈ [−2π, −π] ∪
2
1
of f(x) = is: [−1,0] ∪ [1, π] ∪ {2π}
√−logsin⁡ x ⁡ tan⁡ x

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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
2x
36.Consider three functions, f(x) = x 3 + x 2 + x + 1, g(x) = and h(x) = sin−1 ⁡ x −
1+x2
cos −1 ⁡ x + tan−1 ⁡ x − cot −1 ⁡ x.
Match COLUMN-I with COLUMN-II and select the correct answer using the code
given below the list.
COLUMN-I COLUMN-II
(A) If range of f(g(x)) is [a, b], then (p) (−∞, 1)
(a + b) is equal to:
(B) The number of integers in the range (q) 3
of g(f(x)) is equal to:
(C) The maximum value of g(h(x)) is (r) 4
equal to:
(D) If the minimum value of h(g(f(x)) is (s) 5
kπ
, then |k| is equal to:
2
COMPREHENSION
PARAGRAPH QUESTION 37 TO 38
f(x) is a polynomial function f: R → R such that f(2x) = f ′ (x) ⋅ f ′′ (x).
37.f(x) is
(A) one-one and onto (B) one-one and into
(C) many-one and onto (D) many-one and into
38.Equation f(x) = x has
(A) three real and distinct roots (B) one real root
(C) four real and distinct roots (D) two real and distinct roots
PARAGRAPH QUESTION 39 TO 40
Consider f(x) = log {x} ⁡[x] where [.] is the greatest integer function and {x} is fractional
part function.
39.f(x) is
(A) a one-one function (B) a many-one function
(C) a odd function (D) a periodic function
40.Consider the inequality f(x) < 2. Number of solutions of this inequality in x ∈ (−1,2)
is/are
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) infinitely many

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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
PARAGRAPH QUESTION 41 TO 42
|x|; −3 ≤ x ≤ 7
Let f(x) = { and g(x) = 2x + 1, −3 ≤ x ≤ 10.
2x − 7; 7 < x ≤ 10
41. Range of f(g(x)) is:
(A) [−3,10] (B) [0,5] (C) [0,13] (D) [−3,13]
42.If the equation f(|x|) + g(|x|) = k, has exactly two distinct real solutions, then the
value of k cannot be:
(A) 32 (B) 33 (C) 34 (D) 35
PARAGRAPH QUESTION 43 TO 44
4 −4x2 π
Let f: [2, ∞) → [1, ∞) defined by f(x) = 2x and g: [ , π] → A defined by g(x) =
2
sin⁡ x+4
be two invertible functions, then:
sin⁡ x−2

43.The set A is equal to:

(A) [−5, −2] (B) [2,5] (C) [−5,2] (D) [−3, −2]
44.The domain of f −1 g −1 (x) is:
sin⁡ 1
(A) [−5, −2] (B) [−5, ]
2−sin⁡ 1
(4+sin⁡ 1) (4+sin⁡ 1)
(C) [−5, − ] (D) [− , −2]
2−sin⁡ 1 2−sin⁡ 1

PARAGRAPH QUESTION 45 TO 46
Let the function f be defined in (0,1). Two more functions are given as g(x) = ex and
h(x) = ln⁡ |x|.
45.Domain of f(g(x)) + f(h(x)) is:
(A) (−e, −1) (B) (−e, −1) ∪ (1, e)
(C) (√e, e) (D) (1, e)
46. Let f be one-one function with range (1,2) and g ∘ f(x) is defined then domain of
f −1 lg −1 ⁡(x) is:
(A) (0,1) (B) (e, e2 )
(C) (√e, e) (D) (−∞, 0)

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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
PARAGRAPH QUESTION 47 TO 48
x y
If cos −1 ⁡ + cos −1 ⁡ = θ then the value of 9x 2 − 12xycos⁡ θ + 4y 2 is equal to
2 3

Nsin2 ⁡ θ (where N is a positive integer) and complete set of values of x for which
(cos −1 ⁡ x)2 − (sin−1 ⁡ x)2 > 0 is satisfied, is [p, q).
47.Which of the following values lie in [p, q) ?
(A) √N − 3 (B) √N − 4 (C) √N − 5 (D) √N − 6
48.Which of the following functions cannot be defined at x = √N − 6 ?
(A) sin−1 ⁡ x (B) cos −1 ⁡ x (C) tan−1 ⁡ x (D) sec −1 ⁡ x
PARAGRAPH QUESTION 49 TO 50
(√12−2)x2
Consider f(x) = tan−1 ⁡ ( ) and m and M are respectively minimum and
x4 +2x2 +3

maximum values of f(x) and x = a(a > 0) is the point in the domain of f(x), where
f(x) attains its maximum value.
7M 3π
49. If cos −1 ⁡ x + cos −1 ⁡ y = 3 (tan−1 ⁡ (tan⁡ ) + tan−1 ⁡ (m + tan⁡ )), then (x + y) is
2 8

equal to
(A) 2 (B) -2 (C) 0 (D) 3/2
50.If α and β are roots of the equation x 2 − (tan⁡(3sin−1 ⁡(sin⁡ M)))x + a4 = 0,
then αβ − (α + β) equals to
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2

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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
ANSWER
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D
11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. 3 17. 14 18. 4 19. 5 20. 1
21. 1 22. 40 23. 5 24. 0 25. 0 26. A,B, 27. B,C 28. A,B, 29. B, 30. A,B
C,D ,D C C ,C
31. A,B, 32. A,B 33. A,B, 34. (A) - (r), 35. A → (s); 36. A → (r); 37. A 38. A 39. B 40. D
C,D C,D (B) - s, B → (r); B → (q);
(C) - q, C → (p); C → (p);
(D) - p D → (q) D → (s)
41. C 42. D 43. A 44. A 45. A 46. B 47. D 48. D 49. B 50. D

SOLUTIONS
1. For 0 ≤ f(x) ≤ 1, g(x) = 0
For −1 ≤ f(x) < 0
e2f(x) − 1 1 − e2
g(x) = 2f(x) ⇒ g(x) ∈ [ , 0)
e +1 1 + e2
1−e2
∴ ⁡ Range of g(x) = [ , 0]
1+e2

2. f is even and g is odd

∵ gogog is odd
⇒ fogogog is even
⇒ gofogofogogog is even.
2
3. y = f(x) = (3x + 2)2 − 1, −∞ < x ≤ −
3

It is clear from the graph that if x ∈ (−∞, −2/3], then y ∈ [−1, ∞)

y + 1 = (3x + 2)2 ⇒ 3x + 2 = ±√y + 1
⁡(∴ x ≤ −2/3, ∴ negative⁡sign )
−2 − √y + 1
3x + 2 = −√y + 1 ⇒ x = = g(y) = f −1 (y)
3
−2 − √x + 1
∴ g(x) =
3
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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
1
4. f(x) = cos⁡ 8π{x} = cos⁡(8πx − 8π[x]) = cos⁡ 8πx. Its period is .
4
1 1
Period of sin⁡ 2πxcosec⁡ 2πx is ∴ period of f(x) is
2 2

5. f(0) = 1
and f(x + y + 1) = (√f(x) + √f(y))2 substituting x = 0, y = 0, we get f(1) =

(1 + 1)2 = 4 substituting y = 0, we get f(x + 1) = (√f(x) + 1)2 f(0) = 1, f(1) =

22 , f(2) = 32 , f(3) = 42 and so on hence f(x) = (1 + x)2
6. Let cosec −1 ⁡ x = t
π
∴ t 2 − 2t ≥ (t − 2)
6
⁡⇒ (t − 2)(t − π/6) ≥ 0
⇒ t ≤ π/6 or t ≥ 2 (not⁡possible)
⇒ t ≤ π/6
⇒ 0+ < t ≤ π/6 or − π/2 ≤ t < 0−
⇒ 0+ < cosec −1 ⁡ x ≤ π/6 or − π/2 ≤ cosec −1 ⁡ x < 0−
⇒ 2 ≤ x < ∞ or − ∞ < x ≤ −1
⇒ x ∈ [2, ∞) ∪ (−∞, −1]
⇒ a = −1, b = 2⁡ ∴ ⁡a⁡b = 1
tan−1 ⁡ x
7. Clearly, f(x) = 2
1+ tan−1 ⁡ x
π

Now domain of equation f 2 (x) + (sin−1 ⁡ x)2 = a, is x ∈ [−1,1].

2
π tan−1 ⁡ x+1−1 π 1
π
Now, f(x) = ( 2 ) = 2 (1 − 2 )
2 1+ tan−1 ⁡ x 1+ tan−1 ⁡ x
π π
−π
So, f(x)|min = at x = −1.
2
π
f(x)|max = at x = 1.
6
π2
So, (f(x))2 ∈ [0, ] and minimum and maximum is attained at x = 0 and x = −1.
4
π2
Also (sin−1 ⁡ x)2 ∈ [0, ]
4
π2
∴ amax = at x = −1 and amin = 0 at x = 0
2

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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
π2
So, a ∈ [0, ]
2

∴ ainteger = 0,1,2,3,4
Hence, sum of integral values of a = 10
8. tan−1 ⁡ 1 + tan−1 ⁡ 2 + tan−1 ⁡ 3 = π
π
⁡⇒ tan−1 ⁡ 2 = + cot −1 ⁡ 3 … … … … … … … … … …(1)
4
1 1 π
tan−1 ⁡(1) + tan−1 ⁡ ( ) + tan−1 ⁡ ( ) =
2 3 2
1 π
⇒ tan−1 ⁡ ( ) = − cot −1 ⁡ 3 …..(2)
2 4

From 1
13π 1
α= + cot −1 ⁡ 3
24 6
From 2
3π
β= + cot −1 ⁡ 3
4
3π 13π 1
⇒ |β − α| = − + (1 − ) cot −1 ⁡ 3
4 24 6
5π 5
⁡= + cot −1 ⁡ 3
24 6
⁡⇒ p = 5, q = 24, r = 5, s = 6
3 16 1 7
9. 2cos −1 ⁡ + cot −1 ⁡ + cos −1 ⁡ =π
√13 63 2 25

2 63 1 24
LHS =2tan−1 ⁡ + tan−1 ⁡ + tan−1 ⁡
3 16 2 7
24
let ⁡tan−1 ⁡ = α, α ∈ (0, π/2)
7
24
∴ ⁡tan⁡ α =
7
2tan⁡(α/2) 24 tan⁡(α/2) 12
2
= ⇒⁡ 2
=
1 − tan ⁡(α/2) 7 1 − tan ⁡(α/2) 7
12tan2 ⁡(α/2) + 7tan⁡(α/2) − 12 = 0
3 4
∴ ⁡tan⁡(α/2) = ⁡tan⁡(α/2) = − (rejected)
4 3

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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
(4/3) 63 α
tan−1 ⁡ + tan−1 ⁡ +
1 − (4/9) 16 2
12 63 3
tan−1 ⁡ + tan−1 ⁡ + tan−1 ⁡
5 16 4
12 3
+ 63
π + tan−1 ⁡ ( 5 364 ) + tan−1 ⁡ ( )
1− 16
20

63 63
π − tan−1 ⁡ ( ) + tan−1 ⁡ ( ) = π
16 16
10.Lety = x 2 − 4x + 5
y = (x − 2)2 + 1
∴ ⁡sin−1 ⁡ y, cos −1 ⁡ y defined only at y = 1 at which x = 2
So given equation
π
4 + 2a + = 0
2
π+8
a=−
4
11.√(x 2 + 1)2 − 4x 2 = √(x 2 − 1)2 = |x 2 − 1|
⇒ |tan−4 |x|| = |x 2 − 1|
Draw the graphs of y = |tan−1 |x ∣ and y = |x 2 − 1|

From the graph, it is clear that equation has four roots.

π 2(x2 +5|x|+3)−2
12. − cos −1 ⁡ cos⁡ ( )
2 x2 +5|x|+3

2 π
= cot⁡cot −1 ⁡ − 2) +
9|x| 2
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 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
π 2 2 π
⇒⁡ −2+ 2 = −2+
2 x + 5|x| + 3 9|x| 2
⇒ ⁡|x|2 − 4|x| + 3 = 0
⇒ ⁡|x| = 1,3 or x = ±1, ±3
1 1 2
13.tan−1 ⁡ + tan−1 ⁡ = tan−1 ⁡
1+2x 1+4x x2
1 1
+ 2
1+2x 1+4x
or tan−1 ⁡ [ 1 1 ] = tan−1 ⁡
1− x2
1+2x 1+4x

2 + 6x 2
or =
6x + 8x 2 x 2
or 6x 3 − 14x 2 − 12x = 0
or x(x − 3)(3x + 2) = 0
or x = 3 or x = −2/3 ( as x ≠ 0 )
But for x = −2/3, L.H.S. < 0 and R.H.S. > 0
Hence, the only solution is x = 3.
n(n+1)
14.nth term of 1+3+6+10+…… is n =
2

−1 −1
n(n + 1)a −1
4 + n(n + 1)a2
⁡∴ Tn = cot ⁡ [2a + ] = cot ⁡ ( )
2 2a
a
2a 2
⁡= tan−1 ⁡ [ 2
] = tan−1 ⁡ ( na (n+1)a
)
4 + n(n + 1)a 1+
2 2
(n+1)a na
−
2 2
= tan−1 ⁡ [ (n−1)a na
]
1+( 2
)( 2 )
a na
⁡= tan−1 ⁡ ((n + 1) ) − tan−1 ⁡ ( )
2 2
Put n = 1,2,3, … … . . . , n we have
(n + 1)a a π a a
Sn = tan−1 ⁡ − tan−1 ⁡ ; S∞ = − tan−1 ⁡ = cot −1 ⁡ ( )
2 2 2 2 2
π
∵ a = 2⁡S∞ =
4

13
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
(n+1)(n+2) 2 2x
15.As, Tn = cot −1 ⁡ [ x + ] ⇒ Tn = tan−1 ⁡ ( )
2 x (n+2)(n+1)x2 +4

n+2 n+1
∴ ⁡Tn = tan−1 ⁡ (( ) x) − tan−1 ⁡ (( ) x)
2 2
n+2
So, ⁡Sn = tan−1 ⁡ (( ) x) − tan−1 ⁡ x
2
π
⇒ ⁡Limn→∞ ⁡ Sn = − tan−1 ⁡ x = cot −1 ⁡ x = 1 (Given) ⇒ x = cot⁡ 1.
2

16.f ′ (x) has D > 0 ⇒ 36 − 4k 2 > 0

⇒ k ∈ (−3,3)
1 x+5
17.1 − log 32 ⁡(x + 1)2 = log 1 ⁡ ( )
2 32 x+3

2 2 x+5
⇒ 1 − log 3 |x + 1| = log 3 ( )
2 2 x+3
3 x+5
⇒ log 3 ( ) = log 3 ( )
|x + 1| x+3
3 x+5
⁡⇒ =
|x + 1| x + 3
Case- 1
x + 1 > 0 ⇒ x > −1
⇒ 3(x + 3) = (x + 1)(x + 5)
⁡⇒ x 2 + 3x − 4 = 0
⇒ x = −4 or x = 1
x = −4 rejected (∵x >-1)
∴x=1
Case - II ⁡x + 1 < 0
⇒ x < −1
⇒ 3(x + 3) = −(x + 1)(x + 5)
⁡⇒ x 2 + 9x + 14 = 0
⁡⇒ x = −2 or x = −7
∴ Set of value of
x = {−7, −2,1}

14
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
18.24{x} − 5 − 16 ∣ x}2 ≥ 0
⇒ ⁡16{x}2 − 24{x} + 5 ≤ 0
1 5
⁡⇒ ⁡(4{x} − 1)(4{x} − 5) ≤ 0 ⇒ ≤ {x} ≤
4 4
but {x} ∈ [0,1]
1
∴ ⁡ ≤ {x} < 1 Let {x} = t
4
1
Moreover, 24t − 5 − 16t 2 is an increasing function ∀t ∈ [ , 1)
4

1 1 1 2
Now f ( ) = √24 × − 5 − 16 ( ) = 0
4 4 4

f(1) = √24 × 1 − 5 − 16 = √3

3 3 9
f ( ) = √24 × − 5 − 16 × =2
4 4 16

Range ∈ [0,2] ⇒ a = 0, b = √2 ⇒ b2 − a = 4
Hence, the correct answer is (4).
2 2
19.Consider ⁡4x + 4(x−1)
2 2
AM ≥ GM for two positive numbers 4x and 4(x−1)
2 2
4x + 4(x−1) 2 2 1/2 2 2 2 2
≥ [4x ⋅ 4(x−1) ] = 2x ⋅ 2(x−1) = 2x +(x−1) ;
2
2 2 2 +(x−1)2 +1
4x + 4(x−1) ≥ 2x
now z = x 2 + (x − 1)2 + 1

2 2
1 2 3
⇒ 2x − 2x + 2 = 2[x − x + 1] = 2 [(x − ) + ]
2 4
3
∴ ⁡zmax → ∞⁡ hence zmin =
2
2 2
∴ ⁡4x + 4(x−1) has the minimum value =23/2
3
hence f(x)≥log 2 ⁡(2)3/2 =
2
3 3
⁡∴ ⁡y ≥ ⇒ ⁡ range is [ , ∞)
2 2
15
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
20.f ∘ g(x) = f(g(x)) = f(4x(1 − x))
1−4x(1−x)
⇒⁡ when 0 ≤ 4x(1 − x) ≤ 1
1+4x(1−x)

and 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
But 4x − 4x 2 ≥ 0
⇒0≤x≤1
4x − 4x 2 ≤ 1 ⇒ (2x − 1)2 ≥ 0 ⇒ x ∈ R
1−4x+4x2
Hence, f ∘ g(x) = ,0 ≤ x ≤ 1
1+4x−4x2
4x2 −4x+1
Let y = ,0 ≤ x ≤ 1
−(4x2 −4x)+1

Put 0 ≤ x ≤ 1⁡t ∈ [−1,0]

1 + t dy 1 − t + 1 + t
y= , = >0
1 − t dt (1 − t)2
Range of f ∘ g(x) = [0,1]
⇒ ⁡α + β = 1
Hence, the correct answer is (1).
21.f(x) = 2x 3 − 3(k + 2)x 2 + 12kx − 7, −4 ≤ k ≤ 6, k ∈ I
f ′ (x) = 6(x 2 − (k + 2)x + 2k) = 6(x − k)(x − 2)
For f(x) to be invertible, k must be 2 only.
22.f(f(x)) = f(x) + f 2 (x) + f 4 (x) + f 8 (x) + ⋯ …
Coefficient of x10 in f(x) = 0
Coefficient of x10 in f 2 (x) = 2
Coefficient of x10 in f 4 (x) = ⁡4 C2 + ⁡4 C1 = 10
Coefficient of x10 in f 8 (x) = ⁡8 C2 = 28
23.f(1 − x) = 1 − f(x) ⇒ f(x) + f(1 − x) = 1
1 10 2 9 5 6
⁡⇒ ⁡f () + f( ) = 1 = f( ) + f( ) = ⋯ = f( ) + f( )
11 11 11 11 11 11
1 2 10
⇒ f( ) + f( ) + ⋯+ f( ) = 5
11 11 11
Hence, the correct answer is (5).

16
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
24.We have

2 − √3 √12
sin−1 ⁡ cot⁡ (sin−1 ⁡ √ + cos −1 ⁡ + sec −1 ⁡ √2)
4 4
( )

√3 − 1 √3 1
= sin−1 ⁡ (cot⁡ (sin−1 ⁡ ( ) + cos −1 ⁡ + cos −1 ⁡ ))
2√2 2 √2

= sin−1 ⁡[cot⁡(15∘ + 30∘ + 45∘ )]

= sin−1 ⁡(cot⁡(90∘ )) = sin−1 ⁡(0) = 0
25.Tr = cot −1 ⁡(2r 2 )
1
S = ∑∞ −1 2 ∞ −1
r=1 cot ⁡(2r ) = ∑r=1 tan ⁡ ( )
2r 2
(2r + 1) − (2r − 1)
= ∑∞ −1
r=1 tan ⁡ ( )
1 + (2r + 1)(2r − 1)
= ∑∞ −1 −1
r=1 tan ⁡(2r + 1) − tan ⁡(2r − 1)

= (tan−1 ⁡ 3 − tan−1 ⁡ 1) + (tan−1 ⁡ 5 − tan−1 ⁡ 3) + (tan−1 ⁡ 7 − tan−1 ⁡ 5) + ⋯ . +tan−1∞

π π π π 1
S = − + = ⁡ Given S= = kπ ⇒ k =
4 2 4 4 4
[k] = 0
26.(A) No. of onto functions = 45 − 4.35 + 6.25 − 4 = 240
(B) No. of onto functions whose range contains 3 elements
= ⁡4 C3 (35 − 3.25 + 3) = 4 × 150 = 600
(C) No. of onto functions whose range contains 2 elements
= ⁡4 C2 (25 − 2) = 60 × 30 = 180
(D) No. of constant function = 5
Hence, (A), (B), (C) and (D) are correct.
27.f(1) = 3 or 5
f(3) can take 4,3,2,1 number of values when f(4) is 17,15,13 and 11 respectively.
So number of increasing function = 2(4 + 3 + 2 + 1) = 20 Now for decreasing
function f(2) = 7, f(3) = 5, f(4) = 2 and f(1) can take 5 values, so the number of

17
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
decreasing function is 5 .
Number of one-one function is = ⁡7 C3 ⋅ 3! = 210.
Hence, (B), (C) and (D) are correct.
28.f(x) is an even function.
π
Also, g(x) = 2tan−1 ⁡(ex ) −
2
π π π
g(−x) ⁡= 2tan−1 ⁡(e−x ) − = 2 ( − tan−1 ⁡ ex ) −
2 2 2

π
= − 2tan−1 ⁡(ex ) = −g(x) ⇒ g(x) is an odd function.
2

Hence, f ∘ g(x), gof, f ∘ f(x) is an even function. But gog⁡(x) is an odd function
29.As the point (α, β), lies on both f(x) and g(x), the point (β, α) will also lie on both
the curves and as the functions are continuous they must cross (meet on) the line
y = x in between. f must be on decreasing path, for all these to happen.
1
30.Replace x by 2,2f(2) + 2f ( ) − 2f(1) = 4
2

1
⇒ f(2) + f ( ) = 2 + f(1) − − − −(1)
2
Replace x by 1, f(1) = −1 ….(2)
1 1 1 5
Replace x by , 2f ( ) + f(2) + 2 = …(3)
2 2 2 2
1
Solve (1) and (3) ⇒ f ( ) = 0; f(2) = 1
2

31.See graph y = f(x) = ||x 2 − 4x + 3| − 2|, y = m is a horizontal line with

intersection points, from which the x-values have different signs, only if m > 2.

18
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
π
32.tan ⁡(x + 3|x| − 4) + cot −1 ⁡(4π + sin−1 ⁡ sin⁡ 14) =
−1 2
2
π
⇒ tan−1 ⁡(x 2 + 3|x| − 4) + cot −1 ⁡(4π + 14 − 4π) =
2
⇒ x 2 + 3|x| − 4 = 14
⇒ x 2 + 6|x| − 3|x| − 18 = 0
⇒ ⁡ (|x| + 6)(|x| − 3) = 0
⇒ x = ±3
So, sin−1 ⁡ sin⁡ 2x = sin−1 ⁡ sin⁡ 6 = 6 − 2π or sin−1 ⁡ sin⁡(−6) = 2π − 6.
33.f(x) = cos −1 ⁡(cos⁡ 2x), g(x) = |cos⁡ x|
f(x), and g(x) both are even and periodic so max{f(x), g(x)} and min{f(x), g(x)}
will also be periodic and even.

but max{f(x), g(x)} will be non-differentiable when f(x) = g(x) no of points where
f(x) = g(x) are four in [0,2π]
34.log sin⁡ x ⁡(log 3 ⁡(log 0.2 ⁡ x)) < 0⁡ = log sinx ⁡ 1
⇒ log 3 ⁡(log 0.2 ⁡ x) > 1 ⇒ log 0.2 ⁡ x > 3 = log 0.2 ⁡(0.2)3
1
⇒ ⁡0 < x < (0.2)3 ⁡ ⇒ ⁡0 < x <
125
(ex −1)(2x−3)(x2 +x+2)
(B) ≤0
(sin⁡ x−2)x(x+1)

(ex − 1)(x − 3/2) 3

⇒⁡ ≥ 0 ⇒ x < −1 or x ≥
x(x + 1) 2
3
⇒ ⁡x ∈ (−∞, −1) ∪ [ , ∞)
2
(C) |2-|[x] − 1|| ≤ 2

19
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
⇒∥ [x] − 1| − 2| ≤ 2 ⇒ 0 ≤ |[x] − 1| ≤ 4
⇒ −3 ≤ [x] ≤ 5 ⇒ x ∈ [−3,6)
π π π
(D)|sin−1 ⁡(3x − 4x 3 )| ≤ ⇒ − ≤ sin−1 ⁡(3x − 4x 3 ) ≤
2 2 2

⇒ ⁡ − 1 ≤ 3x − 4x 3 ≤ 1 ⇒ ⁡ − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1
35.A → (s); B → (r); C → (p); D → (q)
(A) |x 2 − 1 + sin⁡ x| = |x 2 − 1| + |sin⁡ x|
Exist only if (x 2 − 1) and (sin⁡ x) are of the same sign
(∵ |a + b| = |a| + |b|) only⁡if (ab ≥ 0)

∴ ⁡(x 2 − 1)sin⁡ x ≥ 0
⇒ ⁡(x − 1)(x + 1)sin⁡ x ≥ 0.
x ∈ [−2π, −π] ∪ [−1,0] ∪ [1, π] ∪ {2π}
1
(B) f(x) = 2
√log1 ⁡(x −7x+13)
2

Exists if log 1 ⁡(x 2 − 7x + 13) > 0

2

x 2 − 7x + 13 < 1 and x 2 − 7x + 13 > 0

2
7 2 3
⇒ x − 7x + 13 > 0 ⇒ (x − ) + > 0
2 4
which is true for all x ∈ R
again x 2 − 7x + 13 < 1 ⇒ x 2 − 7x + 12 < 0
⇒ ⁡(x − 3)(x − 4) < 0
⇒3<x<4
Thus, Df is (3,4)
(c) Since 10x + 10y = 10
⇒ ⁡10y = 10 − 10x
⇒ y = log10 ⁡(10 − 10x )
Now y is defined if 10 − 10x > 0
⇒ ⁡101 > 10x

20
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
1 > x i.e. x < 1
⁡∴ ⁡Df = (−∞, 1)
π
(D) Here, x ∈ (0, ) ⇒ 0 < sin⁡ x < 1
2

Again log a ⁡ x < b ⇒ x > ab , if 0 < a < 1 and x < ab if a > 1

1
Thus f(x) = exists
√−logsin⁡ x ⁡ tan⁡ x

If −log sin⁡ x ⁡ tan⁡ x > 0

⇒ log sin⁡ x ⁡ tan⁡ x < 0
⇒ tan⁡ x > (sin⁡ x)0 = 1 ⇒ tan⁡ x > 1
π π
⇒ ⁡x ∈ ( , )
4 2
π
[∵ x ∈ (0, )]
2
π π
∴ ⁡ Required solution is x ∈ ( , )
4 2

36. A → (r); B → (q); C → (p); D → (s)

f ′ (x) = (3x 2 + 2x + 1) > 0∀x ∈ R
⇒ f(x) is strictly increasing on R.
2x
Range of g(x) = , x ∈ R equals [−1,1]
1+x2
−5π π
Also domain of h(x) is [−1,1] and range of h(x) is [ , ]
2 2

(i) Range of f(g(x)) = [0,4]

(ii) Range of g(f(x)) = [−1,1]
(iii) Maximum value of g(x) occurs at x = 1. And range of h(x) is
−5π π
[ , ]
2 2
∴ ⁡g(h(x))|max = 1
(iv) Minimum value of
−5π
h(gf(x)) = h(g(−1)) =
2
∴ ⁡|k| = 5

21
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
PARAGRAPH SOLUTION 37 TO 38
Suppose degree of f(x) is n, then the degree of f ′ is (n − 1) and degree of
f ′′ is (n − 2).
So, n = (n − 1) + (n − 2)
⇒n=3
Hence, f(x) = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + d
Given, f(2x) = f ′ (x) ⋅ f ′′ (x)
⇒ 8ax 3 + 4bx 2 + 2cx + d
= (3ax 2 + 2bx + c)(6ax + 2b)
Comparing coefficients of terms, we have
a = 4/9, b = 0, c = 0 and d = 0
4x 3
⇒ f(x) =
9
37.one-one and onto
4x3 3
38. = x ⇒ x = 0, ±
9 2

PARAGRAPH SOLUTION 39 TO 40
f(1.1) = f(1.2)
⇒ f is many one
log {x} [x] < 2⁡
⇒ ⁡[x] > {x}2
⇒ [x] > (x − [x])2
⇒ x 2 − 2[x]x + [x]2 − [x] < 0
x ∈ [−1,0)⁡
⇒ x 2 + 2x + 2 < 0
not possible
39.x ∈ [0,1)⁡ ⇒ ⁡x 2 < 0, not possible
40. x ∈ (1,2)⁡ ⇒ ⁡0 < 2
⇒ infinitely many solution.

22
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
PARAGRAPH SOLUTION 41 TO 42
−x −3 ≤ x ≤ 0
(i) f(x) = [ x 0<x≤7
2x − 7 7 < x ≤ 10
g(x) = 2x + 1, −3 ≤ x ≤ 10
−1
−(2x + 1), −2 ≤ x ≤
2
−1
∴ f(g(x)) = 2x + 1 <x≤3
2
9
[ 4x − 5 3<x≤
2

∴ Range of f(g(x)] is [0,13]

−4x − 6; −10 ≤ x ≤ −7
−3x + 1; −7 < x ≤ 0
f(|x|) + g(|x|) = [
3x + 1; 0<x≤7
4x − 6; 7 < x ≤ 10

∴ For f(|x|) + g(|x|) = k to have two distinct solution, k ∈ (1,34].

41.Hence, the correct answer is (C).
42. Hence, the correct answer is (D).

23
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
PARAGRAPH SOLUTION 43 TO 44
sin x+4
43.g(x) =
sin x−2
− cos x
⇒ ⁡g ′ (x) = ≥ 0⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡
(sin x − 2)
π
∵ x ∈ [ , π]
2
⇒ ⁡g ′ (x) is increasing function hence one-one function.
π
∴ ⁡ range is [g ( ) , g(π)] lie [−5, −2].
2

Hence, the correct answer is (A).

44. Domain of f −1 g −1 (x) = Range g ∘ f(x) = [−5, −2]
Hence, the correct answer is (A).
PARAGRAPH SOLUTION 45 TO 46
45.f(g(x)) + f(h(x)) = f(eẋ ) + f(ln⁡ |x|)
∴ f is defined in (0,1)
⁡∴ ⁡0 < ex < 1 and 0 < ln⁡ |x| < 1
x ∈ (−∞, 0) and 1 < |x| < e
x ∈ (−e, −1) ∪ (1, e)
⁡∴ Domain⁡is (−e, −1)
Hence, the correct answer is (A).
46. f: (0,1) → (1,2)
g ∘ f(x) = g[f(x)] = ef(x)
Domain of g ∘ f(x) is (0,1)
and range of gof⁡(x) = ef(x) is (e, e2 )
∴ ⁡ Domain of (g ∘ f)−1 = f −1 ∘ g −1 is (e, e2 ).
Hence, the correct answer is (B).

24
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
PARAGRAPH SOLUTION 47 TO 48
x y
cos −1 ⁡ + cos −1 ⁡ = θ
2 3

xy x2 y2
√
∴ cos⁡ θ = − 1 − √ 1−
6 4 9

x2 y2 xy
√1 − √1 − = ( − cos⁡ θ)
4 9 6

x2 y2 xy 2
(1 − ) (1 − ) = ( − cos⁡ θ)
4 9 6
x 2 y2 x 2y2 x 2y2 xycos⁡ θ
⇒1− − + = + cos 2 ⁡ θ −
4 9 36 36 3
2
x 2 y 2 xycos⁡ θ
⇒ 1 − cos ⁡ θ = + −
4 9 3
⇒ 9x 2 + 4y 2 − 12xycos⁡ θ = 36sin2 ⁡ θ
∴ N = 36
and (cos−1 ⁡ x)2 − (sin−1 ⁡ x)2 > 0
π 1
⇒ (cos −1 ⁡ x − sin−1 ⁡ x) > 0 ⇒ x ∈ [−1, ) ⇔ [p, q)
2 √2
1
⁡∴ ⁡p = −1, ⁡q =
√2
1
47.∴ ⁡√N − 6 = √36 − 6 = 0 ∈ [−1, )
√2

48. sec −1 ⁡ x is not defined at x = 0

PARAGRAPH SOLUTION 49 TO 50
2(√3−1)
49.f(x) = tan−1 ⁡ ( 3 )
x2 + 2 +2
x

3
x2 + ≥ 2√3
x2
3
⁡∴ x 2 + 2 + 2 ≥ 2(√3 + 1)
x
2(√3 − 1) π
⁡∴ fmax = tan−1 ⁡ ( )= =M
2(√3 + 1) 12
25
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
3
which occurs at x 2 =
x2

i.e. at x = 31/4 = a
and fmin = 0 = m at x = 0
7π 3π 7π 3π
3 (tan−1 ⁡ (tan⁡ ) + tan−1 ⁡ (tan⁡ )) = 3 ( + ) = 2π
24 8 24 8
⇒ x = y = −1 ⇒ x + y = −2
π π
3sin−1 ⁡(sin⁡ M) = 3sin−1 ⁡ (sin⁡ )=
12 4
⁡∴ x 2 − (tan⁡(3sin−1 ⁡(sin⁡ M)))x + a4 = 0
⇒ x 2 − (tan⁡ π/4)x + 3 = 0
x2 − x + 3 = 0
⁡∴ α + β = 1, αβ = 3
⁡∴ ⁡(αβ) − (α + β) = 3 − 1 = 2
2(√3−1)
50.f(x) = tan−1 ⁡ ( 3 )
x2 + 2 +2
x

3
x2 + ≥ 2√3
x2
3
⁡∴ x 2 + 2 + 2 ≥ 2(√3 + 1)
x
2(√3 − 1) π
⁡∴ fmax = tan−1 ⁡ ( )= =M
2(√3 + 1) 12
3
which occurs at x 2 =
x2

i.e. at x = 31/4 = a
and fmin = 0 = m at x = 0
7π 3π 7π 3π
3 (tan−1 ⁡ (tan⁡ ) + tan−1 ⁡ (tan⁡ )) = 3 ( + ) = 2π
24 8 24 8
⇒ x = y = −1 ⇒ x + y = −2
π π
3sin−1 ⁡(sin⁡ M) = 3sin−1 ⁡ (sin⁡ )=
12 4
⁡∴ x 2 − (tan⁡(3sin−1 ⁡(sin⁡ M)))x + a4 = 0

26
 FUNCTIONS AND ITF (XPP)
2
⇒ x − (tan⁡ π/4)x + 3 = 0
x2 − x + 3 = 0
⁡∴ α + β = 1, αβ = 3
⁡∴ ⁡(αβ) − (α + β) = 3 − 1 = 2

27