In The Name of GOD

Introduction to Acid Wash

Operation
(in South Azadegan Oil Field)

By: Es,hagh Kakavand

2018-19
Outline:
• Introduction to AZADEGAN Oil Field
• Introduction to Stimulation Job
• Well Data
• Stimulation Design
• Operation Details
Azadegan Oil Field:
• Azadegan Field was discovered in 1999
• Located in southwest Iran, parallel with
the Iran-Iraq border
• Adjacent to Yadavaran Field which in southeast
direction
• It is an elongated anticline, trending in
N-S direction
• The length is approximate 60km and 20km wide
, belongs to “Arabian Trend” which is different from
the “Zagros Trend”
 Stratigraphic Sequence of Field:
AghaJari
Gachsaran
Asmari
Pabdeh
Gurpi
Ilam
Laffan
Sarvak
Kazhdumi
Dariyan
Gadvan
Fahliyan
Producing Layers Garau
Gotnia
Of Field Najmah
Sargalu
Alan
Mus
Neyriz
• The field has been divided into
southern (AZNS) and northern (AZNN).
• The southern part of Azadegan oil field
is about 17 km by 43 km (about 740 Km2).
The area of North Azadegan is about 460 Km2
• The Azadegan oil field is located in a remote and
challenging location
• It is located in the Hawr Al Azim, a wetland of
international importance
Field General Information:
General Environmental Condition:
Satellite Image:
Azadegan Oil Filed Reservoirs:
• Azadegan oil field contains 4 reservoirs:
1) Sarvak (carbonate , Heavy oil)
2) Kazhdumi (carbonate,sandsatone,claystone)
3) Gadvan (sandstone)
4) Fahliyan (Limestone , Light oil)
• The key reservoir in field is the Sarvak Formation which overlies the Kazhdumi Formation and below the
Laffan Formation , is mainly carbonate , contains heavy oil.
• It is divided into the 13 zones (Sarvak-1 to Sarvak-12 and Sarvak Intra)
• zones from Sarvak-3 to upper part of Sarvak-8 are oil bearing in crest area.
• The Sarvak reservoir contains well-developed pores, especially in Sarvak-3 zone, which are the main high
porosity oil pay zones
Stimulation Job:

4)
Stimulation operation 2) Acid wash Obstacle(Asphaltene)
in Azadegan oil field operation for removal for producer
contains: producer wells wells

1) Acid Wash 3) Matrix acidizing for

operation for new producer wells
drilled wells
 Type of
Damage

Producer
New Well
Well

organic deposition
is due to of
Drilling Fluid property change of
produced oil

Completion mineral scale due

Fluid to produced water
with oil
precipitation of
mineral and
organic scale
Near wellbore formation
plugging by asphaltene
deposits.
Requirement Data:
Data
Drilling &
Reservoir Petrophysic &
Fluid Properties Completion
Parameters Geology
Data

API Degree Deviation Survey Producing Layer

Pressure

Porosity &
Temperature GOR Well Sketch Permeability

Payzone Asphaltene Rock Mineralogy

Completion
Thickness Content Sketch

Water Oil Fluid Pressure Formation

Mud Loss Data
Contact Gradient Breakdown Data
Stimulation Design:
• Maximum Allowed Surface Pressure
• Strategy of Acidizing
• Laboratory Studies and Optimization of additives concentration
• Treatment Volume
• Stimulation Fluids and Stages Introduction
• Treatment Fluids and Mixing Stages
Maximum Allowed Surface Pressure:

MWHP=Frac. Pr. – HydroSt. Pr.+ Fric. Pr. –Saf. Mar.

Working Pressure of
Wellhead and X-Mas Tree

Fracture Gradient of
Formation

Max Allowed Surface

Hydrostatic Pressure of
Treatment Fluids Pressure(Wellhead
Pressure)

Friction Pressure

Safety Margin
Strategy of Acidizing:
• Considering the temperature of the formation to be treated
• Select appropriate acid additives, to avoid corrosion, sludge and any problem that damage pay zone
• Enhance the injecting pressure and flow rate as high as possible
• form the “wormhole” as much as possible and deepen its depth
• Design effective Preflush and Overflush conditioning and break any formed gel
 Laboratory Studies and Optimization of
additives concentration:
1. Corrosion test:
-N-80 coupon sample was run in contact of 15% HCl with the proposed additives
-test must be run in High Pressure condition to avoid vaporization
-corrosion rate must be less than 0.05 lb/ft2 for 6hr to be acceptable

Before Test After Test

2. Compatibility test:
-Compatibility of all stimulation additives was tested to check abnormal precipitation, two phase separation
,sludge or emulsion
-Mixed 15% HCl solution was put in oil bath and monitored for 6 hr. No precipitation and phase separation was
observed and the result was acceptable

After 0.5 hr. After 2 hr. After 3 hr.

3. Iron Control test:
-Iron control test was run in two different solutions (main and blank) in 1,000 ppm iron concentration to
optimize the iron control agent and its concentration
-Following tests were performed:
a. 5% HCl solution in presence of iron control agent in 1000 ppm iron ion (main solution).
b. 5% HCl solution without iron control agent in 1000 ppm iron ion (blank solution).
-2 N NaOH solution was added to both solutions while measuring pH of the solutions.
• -main solution was stable and no residue was observed during up to pH 5. On the other hand blank solution
turned to cloudy and then precipitation was observed
4. Emulsion test:
-In order to check the performance of Non Emulsifier agent
-Emulation test was run in HCl : Oil contact to check the abnormal emulsions
-separation levels were recorded and solutions were checked visually to be emulsion or not
-Solution was separated into two phases but a few micro emulsions were in solution after preparation that are
negligible
 5. Sludge test:
-Sludge test was run in presence of main fluid (15% HCl) with oil contact to check the abnormal sludge
formation.
-Oil sample from producing layer was passed through 20mesh sieve
-50ml of prepared solutions with Anti sludge agent was mixed completely with 50ml crude oil and put in oil
bath at 85° C during 4 hours
-In order to observe the Anti sludge agent effect 50ml of blank solution prepared without Anti Sludge agent
was mixed completely with 50ml crude oil and placed in oil bath at 85° C during 4 hour
-Both of solutions were passed through 100 mesh sieve

Without
With Anti Sludge
Anti Sludge
After Test
After Test
Software Design:
Casing & Tubing
Skin vs Time
Data
Pressure & Injection
Zone Properties Rate vs Time

Output
Input

Minerology Total Skin

Reservoir Data Fluid Placement

Reservoir Fluids Wormhole Length

Cumulative
Damage Production
 Skin Vs Time

Pressure & Injection

Rate Vs Time
Total Skin Fluid Placement Wormhole Length

Cumulative Production
Stimulation Fluid:
• In aim to achieve the best stimulation results following Stimulation fluids are proposed:
1.Preflush:
-acts as a spacer between reservoir fluid and main fluid
-guarantees the water wet condition of reservoir rock
-breaking the gelled fluids in flow-back stage
-pushes formation fluids to the reservoir and minimizes the oil-acid contact
-Pumped before main acid
-For example for prepare 15 bbl Preflush:

1) Add Diesel to Metal mixing tank

2) Add Surfactant ,H2S Inhibitor and Mutual Solvent to diesel and continuous mixing for 30 min
2.Main Acid:
-HCl 15% is a suitable main treatment fluid Acid at carbonate formations
-attempt to reach the undamaged area beyond the boundaries of the area
-HCl in carbonate (including dolomite) works well to dissolve damage
-have a good effect on the motivation of the formations
-7.5% HCl – 1.5% HF is chosen to avoid any secondary & tertiary byproduct that can cause formation damage in
sandy formation
-The purpose of the main acid stage is to dissolve siliceous particles that are restricting near wellbore
permeability, plugging open-hole interval
-For Prepare 125 bbl main acid( HCL 15% ):

1) Add water to Metal mixing tank.

2) Add Corrosion Inhibitor and continuous mixing for 60 min.
3) Add raw acid (32% HCl) to the system.
4) Add other additives separately to the system and continue mixing for 120 min.
3.Diverter(in case of matrix acidizing):
-The Diverter System for stimulation design, contains 15%HCl with VDA
-when injected, close the high permeability layers and
main acid can be treated low permeability layers
-For Prepare 30 bbl Diverter:

1) Add water to Polyethylene mixing tank.

2) Add Corrosion Inhibitor and continuous mixing for 60 min.
3) Add raw acid (32% HCl) to the system.
4) Add Iron Control Agent, then all of Viscoelastic Surfactant additives separately to the system and continue
mixing for 90 min.
5) At least, add VES Stabilizer slowly to these tank mixing for 120 min
4. Over-flush with Surface tension reducer and Mutual solvent:
-Surface tension reducer functions as a surfactant because it lowers the surface tension of water and acid
-eliminates the incompatibility risks, and penetrating deep into formation
- it will also help breaking any gelled fluid when flowed back
-Mutual solvent is a multifunctional nonionic agent that is soluble in oil and acid but also in fresh water and
brines
- improves the cleanup of spent acid following the treatment.
-for prepare 19 bbl Overflush:

1) Add Diesel to Metal mixing tank

2) Add Surfactant ,H2S Inhibitor and Mutual Solvent to diesel and continuous mixing for 30 min
 Operation Details, Procedures and
Requirements:
• Rig Up and Pressure test :
1) Pumping rig up and pressure test
-for 5K Wellhead Up to 4500 psi
-for 10K Wellhead up to 7500 psi

Pump Units

Pump Truck
Line
X-Mas Tree

Lines from Pump truck to X-Mas Tree

 2) CT rig up and pressure test:
-for 5K Wellhead Pressure test Up to 4500 psi
-for 10K Wellhead Pressure test up to 7500 psi
Contain CT BOP , Stripper & Body

CT Injector CT Reel
Power Pack
CT BOP
Blind Rams
Shear Rams
Slip Rams
Pipe Rams

Line from Pump Truck to Coil Tubing

3) Well testing rig up and pressure test:
-Consist of Lines from X-Mas Tree to Choke Manifold , 3Phase Separator , Surge or Gauge Tank , Storage Tanks
& Burner Boom
-Upstream (from X-Mass Tree to Choke Manifold ) Pressure Test up to 4500/7500 psi
-Downstream(Choke manifold to separator , surge & gauge Tank and storage tanks pressure test up to 700 psi

Downstream Upstream
4)Slick line Rig Up

-Set Protection Sleeve in TRSCSSSV (or remove WRSCSSSV and Set Dummy in Landing Nipple)
-RIH Gauge Cutter to max accessible depth in order to

Running Tool

Pulling Tool
Gauge Cutter
Protection Sleeve
Lubricator

BOP
Operation Flow Chart:
Coiled Tubing reel acid pickling Procedure:
• In order to prevent and minimize induced formation damage caused by debris and iron content, acid pickling
is proposed prior to start the operation
• pumping 5 bbl 15% HCl
through coiled tubing
followed by 25 bbl(CT Volume)
fresh water as displacement
to pickle the Coiled Tubing
reel while return is open Reel
and circulate it out. Injector

Line from
Pump Truck
Coiled Tubing Accessibility:
• Zero Depth & Confirm Zero Weight, ensure the acquisition is on and recording.
• Open the master valve and swab valve and record the amount of turns need
• Start RIH CT at 60 ft /min inside the tubing, when approaching any completion equipment with ID changes
(nipple profiles, tubing crossovers, etc.), reduce RIH speed to 10-15 ft/min
• Every 2000 ft perform a pull test and break circulation to check weight/drag.
• Continue RIH to check the accessibility in the open hole
Acid Wash Procedure:
• RIH CT to the maximum depth
• Once CT reach to the maximum depth.
• Start mixing the volume of stimulation fluids
• Zero the bbl counter and begin pumping recommended acid treatment as per Pump Schedule
• When displacing the reel to acid, once the acid is at the nozzle, ensure the coiled tubing x tubing annulus
closed. Monitor the pressure and rate while pumping
• Pump the Treatment as per the pumping schedule. (Pump Rate, Volume Pumped vs. POOH schedule)
• Continue pump and squeeze a total volume of stimulation fluids while moving C.T at a controlled speed in
order to uniformly distribute acid throughout the hole.
• Once all acid pumped out of CT POOH.
• Over displace using Overflush (while CT RIH to TD), displace CT by 25bbl fresh water and squeeze all the
fluids with Diesel to be pumped through CT annulus(Bullhead from surface)
• Preflush:
-Pumped while CT RIH from top of producing interval to TD
• Main Acid:
-Pumped while CT POOH from TD to top of producing interval
• Overflush:
-Pumped while CT RIH from top of producing interval to TD
• Diesel or Water:
-Bullhead from surface while CT at end of completion string
 Solution Tanks
Contain:
Preflush
Pumping Units Main Acid
Overflush
Diesel
Fresh Water

Manifold
Line from Pump Unit to CT
CT Injector
Pump Units

Solution Tanks
 Pumping Data

Rate

Total Volume Pumped

Pumping Pressure
Well Clean Up:
• Start well clean up by changing adjustable choke gradually and record the data manually and through Data
Acquisition System
• Flow the well on suitable choke depends on well situation
• Increase the choke to get stabilized parameters
• Switch to fixed choke in case of choke manifold plugged by Asphaltene or debris.
• Take sample from choke manifold
• Check monitoring parameters (pH, BS&W,and density) every one hour
• When stabilized parameters are confirmed (BS&W<1% and stable flowing pressure) proceed for separator
test followed by flowing survey.
 Upstream Data Header
Digital Temperature Gauge
Mechanical Pressure Gauge

Digital Pressure Gauge

 Choke Manifold

Fixed Choke
Adjustable Choke
Fixed Choke 24/64 inch
 Digital Temperature Gauge

Digital Pressure Gauge

Mechanical Pressure Gauge

Downstream Data Header
Well
Choke Manifold
ESV
Upstream
Centrifuge for Measuring
BS & W

Put Oil Sample

For 10 min in
Centrifuge , after
It percent of BS & W
Will be Measured

BS & W=6 %
 For example
Weight= 58 lb/ft3

Mud Balance for Measuring Weight of Sample

pH Meter for
Measuring pH
Hydrometer for Measuring
Oil Specific Gravity and
Convert it to API Degree
N2 Kick Off:
• After acidizing if the well not flow naturally, perform N2 lifting
• Liquid Nitrogen transfer to pump and by heat exchanger convert to nitrogen gas
• Nitrogen gas pumped through CT that stopped at a special depth (usually 1000 or 2000 m)
• Nitrogen gas lift the heavy column of fluids and help the well to flow naturally
• In case of increased wellhead pressure or get nitrogen at surface , N2 lifting Stopped
N2 Pump
Mobile N2 Tank
Heat Exchanger that Convert Liquid N2 to
N2 Gas
CT Injector
N2 Pump

X-Mas Tree
CT BOP
Separator test:
• Divert flow to test separator and measure & record the flow properties as below:
-Wellhead: pressure/Temp. Before and after chock
-Separator: Pressure, Temp., Gas/Oil/Water Rate, Oil Rate, GOR, PH, Oil API, Gas gravity, H2S &CO2 content,
BS&W
 3-Phase Separator

Inlet

Oil Outlet

Pressure Gauge
Temperature gauge
Gas Outlet
 For Heavy Gas(Rather than Air)

Zero
For Light Gas

Ranarex for Measuring Gas Specific Gravity

Inlet Gas
 Differential Pressure
Across Orifice
After Orifice

Before Orifice
Daniel Orifice
For Measuring
Gas Rate
Daniel Orifice
 Sep Tem. Sep Pr. Gas S.G.

0.625’’

0.875’’

0.375’’ Gas Flow Rate Orifice Size

Differential Pressure
**Surge Tank for Measuring Oil rate
**Diverted flow from Separator to Surge Tank
for Specified Time and measure level change
**It has a conversion factor that convert level to volume Level Indicator
**Finally oil rate in bbl/day will be calculated
**Surge tank used for oil with high GOR
**Gauge Tank for Measuring Oil rate
**Diverted flow from Separator to Gauge Tank
for Specified Time and measure level change
**It has a conversion factor that convert level to volume Level Indicator
**Finally oil rate in bbl/day will be calculated
**Gauge tank used for oil with low GOR
 H2S Tube

CO2 Tube
For Measuring H2S & CO2 Content
Flowing Survey:
• R.I.H. Slick line for drifting Tubing (by suitable size of the Gauge Cutter), to Maximum accessible depth then
POOH
• Pick up 2 numbers. Tandem-programmed (Pressure /Temperature) Memory gauge
• Continue flow the well at choke manifold when stabilized parameters are confirmed till (BS&W<1% and
stable flowing pressure)
• RIH gauge and perform flowing survey (while SL POOH) as client representative program on suitable choke
size (fix choke) and different depths
 Memory Gauge

Pressure & Temperature

Sensor

Battery
 Temperature Profile

Pressure Profile
Pressure Temperature

By using time
Recorded by SL
Operator and depth
That memory
stopped
And data that it
recorded
We can calculate
Pressure and
Temperature
Gradient across well
column
Secure the Well & Release Equipment:
• Close Master Valve
• Bleed Off Pressure to Zero
• Flushing Equipment
• Close Swab Valve
• Close TRSCSSSV
• Close HMV
• Close Kill Line valve
• Close Production Valve
• Disconnect Separator and all equipment
 Swab Valve

Adjustable Choke
Kill Valve
Production Valve

Hydraulic Master Valve

Bottom Master Valve

Top Master Valve

Needle Valve
For Open/Close 3SV
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION