Deliverable 5.1 Ref.

Ares(2018)2061644 - 18/04/2018

Premium Light Pro

Project ID 695931

Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation

Deliverable 5.1

30.06.2017

This PremiumlightPro project has received funding from the

European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 695931.

The sole responsibility for the content of this fact sheet lies with the authors. It does not necessarily
reflect the opinion of the European Union. The European Commission is not responsible for any use
that may be made of the information contained therein.
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

SUMMARY

This document reports an analysis of the current coverage of lighting in the implementation
of the Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD) in the different EU countries involved
in the PremiumLight initiative. The project will support, within this document, efficient LED
lighting solutions with a proposal in the EPBD framework.

This document is targeted expressly for the main stakeholders at national level, in particular:
- national responsible bodies for the EPBD implementation
- national standardization committees working on the building performance
- energy agencies, lighting manufacturers associations and lighting designers
associations as main stakeholders
- international initiatives, groups, associations, organizations involved in the support
and the promotion of policy tools for increasing a more efficient use of energy.

Currently the Annex I of the proposed EPBD directive includes the calculation of the energy
consumption for lighting.
Since May 2017 is available the new En 15193-1 standard "Energy performance of buildings
— Energy requirements for lighting". The standard is supported by a new Technical Report
(EN 15193-2). The use of a European-wide common methodology, such as the EN 15193-1
could increase the transparency and facilitates the comparison between best practices,
supporting also the market at EU level. Several parties are developing calculation tools for
facilitating the widest adoption of the standard at international level.
At national level, in order to maximise the saving potential coming from the EPBD adoption
and following its principles, the Premiumlight Pro consortium suggests to use the EN
standard and to include limits for the energy power or consumption of lighting systems in
national regulations. In this document is presented a possible approach to benchmarking and
limiting the energy use of lighting system, following the principle defined in the Swiss SIA
387/4 standard on lighting efficiency.

Page 2 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

INDEX

SUMMARY.................................................................................................................. 2
INDEX ......................................................................................................................... 3
1. Introduction......................................................................................................... 4
Objectives behind this document..................................................................................... 4
Consumption trends and energy saving potential in the tertiary building sector ............... 4
2. EU legislative framework for lighting systems ................................................ 5
2.1. EU Directives ........................................................................................................... 5
2.2. EU regulations ......................................................................................................... 6
3. EU mandates and EN standards for lighting systems..................................... 6
3.1. Standardisation mandates from the European commission................................ 6
3.2. Actual EN Standards for lighting systems in buildings ....................................... 7
4. Actual EPBD Directive and lighting consumption ........................................... 7
4.1. Indirect impacts on building efficiency ................................................................. 7
4.2. Lighting in national transposition of the EPBD .................................................... 8
4.3. Actual lighting energy calculations in national EPBD implementation ............... 9
5. Proposal at EU and national level: EPBD and lighting - 2018 ....................... 15
5.1. Inclusion of lighting consumption in EPBD – EN 15193-1 methodology .......... 16
Standard assessment (method 1) ................................................................................. 17
Pre-assessment (method 2) .......................................................................................... 18
Limits and benchmarks ................................................................................................. 19
5.2. Other standards for lighting systems performance evaluation ......................... 19
Swiss standard SIA 387/4:2017 .................................................................................... 19
5.3. National approach suggested in future EPBD transposition ............................. 21
6. Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 22
Sources and bibliography .............................................................................................. 24
ANNEX 1 - EU Regulations and mandates covering lighting products .............. 25

Page 3 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

1. Introduction
Objectives behind this document

The implementation of the EPBD in the different countries to date is strongly focussed on
building technology as well as heating and air-conditioning. Lighting design is considered to a
minor degree1. The focus of this document is an analysis of the current coverage of lighting
in the implementation of the EPBD in the different EU countries involved in the PremiumLight
initiative and the description of approaches and tools to support efficient LED lighting
solutions based on the EPBD framework. The analysis concerning EPBD implementation
and coverage of lighting issues was done individually in the different countries in workshops
with national responsible bodies and other stakeholders.
Depending on the national demand and situation, the consortium will support and contribute
to the discussion tables and technical expert groups at national level (participating and
contributing), under the management of the WP leader and with appropriate instruments
(also see Grant Agreement).”
Consumption trends and energy saving potential in the tertiary building sector

The total energy consumption in the tertiary building sector increased rather rapidly until
2008, and has been decreasing since the economic downturn, by 1.5% per year.
Electricity consumption has continued growing since 2008 but at a lower rate (1.1% per year,
against +3% per year before).
The energy intensity of services has decreased in almost three quarters of the countries, with
a larger reduction for countries with high intensity in 2000; this also means that in one fourth
of the countries it is still increasing.2
The tertiary sector is also very diverse, with markedly different structures of energy
consumption depending on the subsector. Compared to residential buildings, in the tertiary
sector lighting, ventilation, air-conditioning and process cooling often constitute important
end-energy uses and therefore electricity consumption share in non-residential buildings is
higher than in the residential sector3.
In the Study evaluating the current energy efficiency policy framework in the EU and
providing orientation on policy options for realising the cost-effective energy efficiency/saving
potential until 2020 and beyond, is affirmed that: “Until 2020, the additional estimated saving
potential of such new implementing measures is mainly driven by the current efforts to

1
see e.g. "Public Consultation on the Evaluation of the EPBD. Final report".
2
from “Energy Efficiency Trends and Policies in the Household and Tertiary Sectors. An Analysis Based on the
ODYSSEE and MURE Databases June 2015“, available at http://www.odyssee-mure.eu/publications/br/energy-
efficiency-trends-policies-buildings.pdf
3
Commission staff working document "Review of available information Accompanying the document
Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and
Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on an EU Strategy for Heating and Cooling {COM(2016) 51
final}"

Page 4 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

include a system approach for lighting and cooling within the policy framework of Ecodesign,
EED and EPBD by 2016, leading to estimated savings of 10 TWh/year in 2020.”

2. EU legislative framework for lighting systems

2.1. EU Directives
A directive is a legal act of the European Union directed to Member States, that will set out
the objective or policy which needs to be attained. The Member States must then pass the
relevant domestic legislation to give effect to the terms of the Directive within a defined time
frame.
The following EU Directives4 which are currently in revision could cover energy efficiency
requirements for lighting systems and components:
• Energy Efficiency Directive (EED)
• Energy Performance in Buildings Directive (EPBD)
• Ecodesign Directive (ED)
• Energy Labelling Directive (ELD)
.
The Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) has several articles that could provide support to a
national implementation of more efficient lighting systems:
• Article 4 – Building Renovations
• Article 7 – Energy efficiency obligations for DSOs
• Article 8 – Energy Audits
• Article 16 – Availability of qualification, accreditation and certification schemes
• Article 19 – Evaluation and removal of barriers to EE at Member States level
• Article 20 – Energy Efficiency National Funds
The EED includes several general provisions that could be applied in order to address
lighting system energy efficiency but the concrete application is entirely dependent on how
any single MS adopts the measure. Provisions such as the energy efficiency obligations,
national energy efficiency funds, energy audits, building renovations and certification and
accreditation measures all could in principle be applied in order to support energy savings
from lighting systems. However at the moment it is impossible to find evidence and a direct
measurable impact of these policies on lighting systems. The NEEAPs are anyway including,
in almost all countries, energy savings achieved through the refurbishment of lighting
systems.
All the national implementations of the building energy performance (EPB) Directive
include the impact of the lighting system but relatively few countries have specific targeted
requirements for lighting systems – most countries simply include lighting as an input into the
overall building energy target. Building EPCs include lighting within the rating system but only
some give specific targeted advice on the performance respectively efficiency of the lighting
system compared to its potential efficiency. The situation for automated building controls is
similar the specified requirements are even less.

4 http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/itre/work-in-progress.html?action=1

Page 5 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

The EPBD applies to lighting systems for the evaluation of lighting energy performance.
Lighting performance, accordingly to the actual directive, should be included in the building
energy performance and in the cost effectiveness calculation. In the national transposition of
the EPBD, member states simply include lighting within the overall building energy
performance assessment and associated requirements, i.e. they do not set out specific
performance provisions for lighting.
Only few regional or national transpositions are setting specific minimum energy
performance requirements for lighting systems, supplementing the overall building energy
performance requirements.
A similar scheme is replicated in the Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) for buildings.
Energy performance of lighting systems contributes to the overall rating but there are almost
no specific requirements or ratings specified. Overall the existing EU policy framework
contains a number of general statements, provisions or levers that could be transposed at
national level for the promotion of energy efficient lighting systems. Implementation of
concrete measures in countries however is often missing.

2.2. EU regulations
A regulation is a binding legislative act that becomes immediately enforceable in all member
states simultaneously. In the field of lighting systems, between 2009 and 2012, several
regulations were developed at EU level. After 2015 no new regulations have been
established.
The implementing regulations within the Ecodesign and Labelling Directives are mainly
focussed on light sources and ballasts and to a lesser extent to luminaires which are only
partly covered. The overall efficiency of lighting systems including lighting control or use of
daylight is not covered.
In annex 1 is available an overview containing the most important regulations covering the
lighting products and systems.
The mentioned regulations are mainly focussed on lamp and ballast technologies and to a
lesser extent luminaires. Lighting system level aspects are not addressed

3. EU mandates and EN standards for lighting systems

3.1. Standardisation mandates from the European commission

The mandates are a scheme by the European Commission (EC) and the secretariat of the
European Free Trade Association (EFTA) for requesting European Standardization
Organizations to develop and adopt European standards in support of European policies and
legislation. This mandates are not obligatory except if they are included in a mandatory
regulation.
Mandate M/480 - EPBD
One of the most relevant mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI is the M/480, for the
elaboration and adoption of standards for a methodology calculating the integrated energy
performance of buildings and promoting the energy efficiency of buildings, in accordance
with the terms set in the recast of the Directive on the energy performance of buildings
(2010/31/EU).

Page 6 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

Other specific information on Ecodesign mandate are reported in Annex 1.

3.2. Actual EN Standards for lighting systems in buildings

At the moment all standards for the definition and measurement of the functional parameters
for lighting systems installed in tertiary buildings and outdoor are available.
The main deficiencies identified by many studies and position papers are mainly concerning
the need to update and cover the new emerging technologies.
The standards do not overlap in principle, apart from EN 15193 that is implemented
differently across the Member States, as explained below.
The former European standard for indoor lighting EN 15193 (2007) “Energy performance of
buildings – Energy requirements for lighting” was hardly included in the actual transposition
of EPBD at member state level.
Is not infrequent a partial implementation or national modification or simplification (e.g. DIN
18599).
A new version of the EN 15193 was published in April 2017, EN 15193-1:2017.

4. Actual EPBD Directive and lighting consumption

The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is, at European level, the main policy
driver affecting energy use in buildings.
The energy efficiency of lighting is explicitly addressed as a subject, mainly for the non-
residential sector and for the built-in systems since 2010 (recast version of the Energy
Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD).
The Annex I of the directive, that sets the common general framework for the calculation of
the energy performance, in point 3 stipulates that “The methodology shall be laid down taking
into consideration at least the following aspects: […] (e) built-in lighting installation (mainly in
the non-residential sector);”.
In point 4 the Annex stipulates that “The positive influence of the following aspects shall,
where relevant in the calculation, be taken into account: (d) natural lighting.”.
The next revision of the EPB directive is ongoing: in the proposed version available at the
moment, the part covering lighting systems remains unchanged.

4.1. Indirect impacts on building efficiency

The indirect impacts of the lighting heating loads on the energy performance of a building are
several, directly measurable and present in all seasons.
The cooling load induced by a lighting system is important, especially for commercial
buildings with a high illuminance level. For tertiary buildings, with higher occupation density
and equipped with fluorescent lamps, is less important but still significant. The typical cooling
load induced by the lighting systems is between 20 and 15 W per square meter. The current
oversimplified approach, adopting standard values for the cooling energy performance
assessment could lead to an underestimation of the primary energy index between 10 and

Page 7 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

20%5 in moderate and warm climate zones.

On the opposite, the lighting electrical load has a positive effect in the heating season – but
with a lower efficiency in energy transformation compared to traditional heat production and
distribution systems. The relative impact of internal useful gains depends on the quality of the
building: for old buildings in cold climates is negligible, for class-A buildings however it is
important and should be assessed more precisely.
The methodology of energy estimation reported in EN 15193-1:2017 not only provides values
for the Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator (LENI) but it also provides input for the heating and
cooling load estimations for the combined total energy performance of building indicator.

4.2. Lighting in national transposition of the EPBD

In general the lighting contribution is considered as part of the building performance, but
using various methodologies and using different approaches.
The energy efficiency of lighting explicitly addresses as a subject, mainly for the non-
residential sector, in the 2010 recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
(EPBD). The directive explicitly formulates (preamble, 12) that "Member States should use,
where available and appropriate, harmonised instruments, in particular testing and
calculation methods and energy efficiency classes developed under measures implementing
Directive 2009/125/EC".
In Article 8, on Technical Systems (including lighting, see Definitions in article 2), the
directive requires Member States to set system requirements in respect of the overall energy
performance, the proper installation, and the appropriate dimensioning, adjustment and
control of the technical building systems which are installed in existing buildings.
Member States may also apply these system requirements to new buildings.
System requirements shall be set for new, replacement and upgrading of technical building
systems and shall be applied in so far as they are technically, economically and functionally
feasible.
Annex I point 3 specifies that [for the calculation of energy performance of buildings] “The
methodology shall be laid down taking into consideration at least the following aspects: (...)
(e) built-in lighting installation (mainly in the non-residential sector)”.
Annex I point 4 stipulates that “The positive influence of the following aspects shall, where
relevant in the calculation, be taken into account: (...) (d) natural lighting.”
In the last years many evaluation reports regarding the EPBD implementation at national
level were published. Several countries are using simplified methodologies of the EN 15193
standard.
A limited number of countries have set limits or a classification scale for lighting systems
efficiency. Some countries (UK, Spain) are using specific limits for allowable lighting

5
See e.g. Il consumo per l’illuminazione e la certificazione energetica negli edifici in Italia, L. Blaso, V. R.M. Lo
Verso, G. Mutani. Energia, Ambiente e Innovazione 6/2015. DOI 10.12910/EAI2015-099, and all references cited.
As example, several new schools in northern Italy (moderate climate) have a final energy index for lighting
comparable with the heating index.

Page 8 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

efficiency level (in lm/W) or in terms of LENI6, for non domestic built-in lighting systems.
Other countries (e.g. some regional implementations in Italy) are considering a more
comprehensive methodology (based on a national adaptation of the former standard EN
15193:2008).

4.3. Actual lighting energy calculations in national EPBD implementation

Germany: For Germany the important local standard is DIN V 18599 - 4: ‘Energy efficiency
of buildings - Calculation of the net, final and primary energy demand for heating, cooling,
ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting - Part 4: Net and final energy demand for lighting.’
Germany (Nutz- und Endenergiebedarf für Beleuchtung) and also Luxemburg adopted this
standard in their EPBD implementation. This standard is the basis for the German EnEV
(Energieeinsparverordnung). The EnEV was established by the government and sets
allowable power consumption levels for the entire building including energy consumption for
lighting.
Austria: In Austria the relevant national standard is the ÖNORM H 5059: ‘Energy Efficiency
of Buildings – Energy demand for lighting’. Austria's national implementation of an EPBD
calculation method (Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Gebäuden – Beleuchtungsenergiebedarf) is
similar to DIN V 18599-4 or EN 15193. It includes benchmark values for existing buildings.

Figure 1: Benchmark values from Austrian H5059 standard

Spain: every new building, as well as the existing ones that are supposed to carry out a
refurbishing, have to comply simultaneously with two types of requirements that regulate the
lighting efficiency.
First of all, there is the so called VEEI (Valor de eficiencia energética de la instalación),
which is defined according to the following equation:

6
LENI: The Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator was originally defined by EN 15193. LENI is an indicator of the
efficiency of an entire lighting installation, including controls and is expressed in terms of energy per square metre
per year (kWh/m2/yr).

Page 9 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

𝑃 · 100
𝑉𝐸𝐸𝐼 =
𝑆 · 𝐸+
Being
P the sum of the electric power of lamps and other auxiliary equipment (W)
S the illuminated surface of the building (m2)
Em the average horizontal illuminance (lux)
The following table shows the VEEI limit for different kinds of buildings. In a proper
illuminated building the values shown in the next table are not exceeded:

VEEI limit (W/m2*100 lux)

Type of building / Zone
Administrative 3
Transport stations (platforms) 3
Exhibition halls 3
Diagnostic rooms 3,5
Classroom and Laboratories 3,5
Hospital rooms 4
Other indoor enclosures 4
Common zones 4
Warehouses and kitchens 4
Parking 4
Sports space 4
Transport stations (general) 5
Supermarkets and shopping centre 5
Libraries, museums and galleries 5
Common zones (non-residential
6
buildings)
Shopping malls (excluding the stores) 6
Hostelry and restaurants 8
Religious 8
Auditorium, showrooms, conference
8
rooms
Shops and small commerce 8
Hotel rooms and hostels 10
Locals with illuminance level over 600
2,5
lux

On the other hand, there’s another restriction to be applied, which is the maximum total
power installed in the building, per square meter. The value can be obtained by simply
dividing the total power load of the lighting system, divided by the total surface that is going
to be illuminated. The limits established for maximum power are shown in the following table:

Page 10 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

Maximum power installed [W/m2]

Type of building
12
Administrative
5
Parking
15
Commercial
15
Teaching buildings
15
Hospital
18
Restaurants
15
Theatres, cinemas, auditoriums
12
Residential
10
Other
25
Locals with illuminance level over 600 lux

These are the minimum requirements to be reached for a building to be legal. Therefore the
values are not very challenging. Considering the EPC, these values are defining the
reference building which is compared with a new building or new project. The more efficient
the building is, the better the mark.
Czech Republic: the national EPBD implementation includes lighting consumption
calculation for new and existing tertiary buildings. The index reported in the certificate is
based on a national methodology and on the simplified approach of the EN 15193:2008 for
daylighting. The results are expressed in terms of total final energy in MWh/y with an
indicator of final energy in kWh/m2*y.
Beside the calculated value a reference value is reported, different for new and existing
buildings and useful for the definition of the lighting efficiency class (A-G) and for the
reporting of index and class into the building certificate. The recommended value is based on
energy saving measures.

Page 11 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

Figure 2: example of Czech EPC, including lighting system efficiency class

Italy: the national EPBD implementation considers and reports the lighting consumption only
for tertiary buildings, new and existing.
The calculation is based on the EN 15193:2008, using a simplified approach for the
daylighting calculation. The regional and national implementations does not set any
maximum specific power or consumption limit.
The consumption and power characteristics of the lighting systems are reported in the EPC,
with a primary energy index for lighting, in kWh/m2, and is included in the total building
energy performance index.
Denmark: the national implementation of the EPBD considers lighting only for tertiary
buildings. The methodology for the calculation of the consumption is defined at national level,
the daylighting contribution is based on the EN 15193:2008. The building energy
performance index includes also the lighting consumption and is expressed in primary
energy. In the EPC no specific indicator for lighting consumption is reported.

Page 12 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

Poland: the national EPBD implementation considers and reports the lighting consumption
only for tertiary buildings, new and existing.
The calculation is based on the EN 15193:2008, the national implementations set a
maximum consumption limit. The daylight is assessed with a simplified method based on the
same standard.
The consumption and power characteristics of the lighting systems are reported in the EPC,
with a primary energy index for lighting, in kWh/m2, and are included in the total building
energy performance index. There are specific limits on consumption, in kWh/m2 per year,
depending on the building type.
Portugal: the national EPBD implementation considers and reports the lighting consumption
only for tertiary buildings, new and existing. The national calculation methodology is based
on the EN 15193:2008.
The consumption and power characteristics of the lighting systems are reported on the label
and in the EPC, with a final energy index for lighting, in kWh/m2, and expressed as a
percentage of the total building energy.
Limits are set on the specific power installed, expressed in W/m2.
UK: the federal EPBD implementation is valid in England and Wales. A different legislation is
available for Scotland. It considers and reports the lighting consumption only for tertiary
buildings, new and existing, bigger than 250 m2 (1000 for Scotland) The calculation
methodology is based on the EN 15193:2008 and considers daylighting.
The national implementations requires a maximum consumption limit in terms of LENI
(kWh/m2 per year, related to the illuminance level and operating hours) or alternatively a
maximum specific power installed (in W/m2), depending on the building typology.
The consumption and power characteristics of the lighting systems are neither reported in
the EPC nor in the advisory report, but they are included in the total building energy
performance index. In Scotland the energy cost for lighting is estimated and reported in the
detailed certificate document.

Page 13 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

Figure 3: UK minimum lighting efficiency, expressed in specific power

Figure 4: UK maximum LENI values, expressed in kWh/m2

Page 14 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

5. Proposal at EU and national level: EPBD and lighting - 2018

All the European building energy performance codes are including the impact of the lighting
system at various levels. The current proposal of EPBD extends explicitly the actual
performance evaluation scheme for lighting systems evaluation.
Relatively few countries/regions are including specific targeted requirements for lighting
systems – typically lighting consumption is just used as an input value contributing to the
whole building energy efficiency index.
At the same time the building energy performance certificates are including lighting within the
overall rating system but only in some countries/regions are specified recommendations on
the performance of the lighting system relative to the savings potential.
In article 8 of the directive (Technical systems), par. 1 it is clearly stated that “Member States
shall, for the purpose of optimising the energy use of technical building systems, set system
requirements in respect of the overall energy performance, the proper installation, and the
appropriate dimensioning, adjustment and control of the technical building systems which are
installed in existing buildings. Member States may also apply these system requirements to
new buildings.”
In the proposed paragraph 8 the current proposed text is the following: “Member States shall
ensure that, when a technical building system is installed, replaced or upgraded, the overall
energy performance of the complete altered system is assessed, documented and passed
on to the building owner, so that it remains available for the verification of compliance with
the minimum requirements set pursuant to paragraph 1 and the issue of energy performance
certificates. Member States shall ensure that this information is included in the national
energy performance certificate database referred to in Article 18(3).”
Without a systemic approach, using the available calculation methods for considering lighting
installations and daylighting contribution, for the buildings in the tertiary sector a large part of
the untapped energy saving potential is lost. A system approach could also lead to a better
design process, starting from the building characteristics (openings, rooms layout) down to
the products characteristics and control strategies (type of lamps and control systems).
From the viewpoint of the PremiumLightPro-Initiatve, either the Annex I of Directive
2010/31/EU and of the currently proposed EPBD directive should be enforced and/or the
national methodologies should mandatorily include a comprehensive methodology for the
calculation of the energy consumption for lighting. The use of a European-wide common
methodology, such as the EN 15193-1, could also increase the transparency and facilitates
the comparison between best practices, supporting also the market at EU level.
A building performance certificate for tertiary buildings should consequently display a
mandatory separate index expressing the specific lighting consumption, showing separately
the performance in terms of kWh per square meter per year and including a scale, a
benchmark or a comparison chart for benchmarking.
At member states level, the use of an indicator for the evaluation of the specific lighting
energy consumption at system level is a promising solution for assessing one of the most
prominent sources of possible additional savings at building system level.

Page 15 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

5.1. Inclusion of lighting consumption in EPBD – EN 15193-1 methodology

The current EN 15193-1:2017 in its introduction is presented as „part of a series of standards
aiming at international harmonization of the methodology for the assessment of the energy
performance of buildings, called “set of EPB standards”.
All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and
transparency. All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the
required input data and references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a
normative template in Annex A and Annex B with informative default choices.
For the correct use of this standard a normative template is given in Annex A to specify these
choices. Informative default choices are provided in Annex B.
The 3 methodologies presented are applicable to the three different design steps:
- pre-assessment
- design assessment
- ex-post evaluation
The methodologies are extensively described in EN 15193-1:2017; the technical report
TR/EN 15193-2:2017 is a valuable reference for a correct understanding, use and national
implementation. Compared to the previous version of the standard, apart from the useful
addition of a technical report, the most important changes are the extension of the calculation
systems (more factors considered, actualized tables) and the inclusion of the residential
lighting systems in the evaluation methodology.
The calculation methods are typically used during feasibility studies or during detailed design
for lighting installations in new and existing buildings (also for existing lighting systems). The
calculation methodology for existing systems needs a detailed audit of the building.
The measurement methodology can be used in existing buildings with separated circuits and
dedicated meters for lighting (such as BMS systems).

Page 16 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

Figure 5: methodologies for the calculation of energy need for lighting [from EN 15193:2017]

The three calculation procedures defined in the standard give as output the electric energy
required for lighting and can provide the Lighting Energy Numeric Indicator (LENI) – in
different time steps and for each single room, zone or building considered. The LENI
indicator may be used for comparing buildings/zones/rooms or could serve as a measure of
the energy performance of the lighting systems installed or designed.
The methodology of energy estimation will also provide input for the heating and cooling load
estimations for the combined total energy performance of building indicator, thanks to the
time steps and room/zone subdivision.

Standard assessment (method 1)

The standard provides the most accurate calculation procedure and the main input is a
comprehensive lighting design scheme. The data on the lighting system (luminaire power,
emergency power, control system, standby power) and on room characteristics (illuminance
level, occupancy factor, daylight factor) are the basis for the calculation.

Page 17 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

Figure 6: flow chart illustrating the steps of the comprehensive methodology LENI calculation

Pre-assessment (method 2)
The pre-assessment methodology could serve as basis for a rough evaluation of the
efficiency level of the lighting system. This relatively fast methodology could be applied at
“typical room” level, using default values. In EN 15193-1:2017 it is considered as optional
standard. The method output is a LENI indicator, expressed in kilowatt hours per year for the
building/zone/room considered.
Calculations shall be made to establish the installed lighting power and to estimate the
impact of occupancy, daylight and over design and maintenance factors on the lighting
controls by determining the values of the dependency factors.
Main input are room type and size, luminaire photometric distribution, light source type,
emergency lighting, control technique, daylight entry, occupancy periods.
The input data are typically at room level (operating conditions, controls, openings
characteristics for a quick daylight factor estimation) and the installed power. For the power

Page 18 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

density estimation a quick methodology is available in Annex C.

Limits and benchmarks
The standard Technical Report EN 15193-2:2017, in annex M presents also some examples
of LENI benchmark values for spaces and lighting installations, related to the seven space
types (office and manufacturing buildings presented as example in the technical report.

Figure 7: Benchmark values, from TR/EN 15193-2:2017

5.2. Other standards for lighting systems performance evaluation

Swiss standard SIA 387/4:2017
A new version of the Swiss standard for lighting - SIA 387/4 - was launched in May 2017 by
the Swiss Engineer and Architects Society, responsible for the national standardization in the
building sector. Compared to the EN 15193-1 standard, SIA 387/4 includes explicit objectives
for the efficient use of energy for lighting systems in buildings. The Swiss standard provides
a good description of the design phase, with actors, processes and optimization procedures
(chapter 2).

Page 19 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

Two different calculation methodologies are presented in the standard. The first one is
simplified based on a calculation of the specific electric load and the full load hours for
lighting. The second is more comprehensive with a detailed calculation on hourly step basis,
similar to the EN 15193-1 detailed methodology. The basis for the evaluation is the energy
consumption, expressed as specific load multiplied by the full load hours.
The simplified methodology calculates the specific load at room level, considering the lighting
needs, the technological characteristics of the lighting system, the room characteristics (room
efficiency depending on dimensions and brightness, light direction). The full load hours are
calculated using factors concerning the contribution of daylight, the control strategy and
devices, the room function and use.
The advanced approach comprises a more detailed methodology for the calculation of
daylight use and defines the specific load for an hourly timescale.
The requirements specify the energy efficiency limits to be achieved in practice.
In detail, for small buildings (<100 m2) the basic requirements are:
- a minimum efficiency value for luminaires, based on EU regulation 874/2012
- a standard reflection value (normal) of the rooms
- the respect of UGR (Uniform Glare Rating)
- a good shading system in terms of daylight, when in use (combination of control and
light transmission).
The energy requirement is specified as luminaire efficiency, expressed in Lumen per Watt
(see figure 3).

Figure 8: limit and target values for luminaires efficiency, SIA 387/1:2017.

For larger buildings or non standard solutions, power or energy consumption

requirements per square meter are specified. The concept involves so called threshold
values which are to be met for any type of buildings and so called target values which are
challenging but can be met for new buildings and are typical for highly energy efficient
solutions (Minergie).

Page 20 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

Room type Specific power installed Specific energy consumption

(W/m2) (kWh/m2)
Existing Threshold Target Existing Threshold Target
building building
Hotel room 16,5 7,7 5,0 10,7 5,0 2,2
Lobby, entrance 13,2 6,6 4,3 49,6 24,8 11,8
Single / group office 15,9 12,5 8,1 22,3 17,5 2,8
Open space office 12,5 9,8 6,4 24,4 19,2 7,0
Meeting room 15,9 12,5 8,1 11,9 9,4 1,6
Entrance 12,4 7,1 4,6 14,9 8,5 2,1
Classroom 14,1 11,0 7,2 18,3 14,4 3,2
Teachers room 11,7 7,5 4,9 13,4 8,6 1,2
Library 10,3 5,9 3,8 13,9 8,0 2,1
Auditorium 12,5 9,8 6,4 21,3 16,7 6,0
School laboratory 14,1 11,0 7,2 18,3 14,4 3,2
Grocery shop 23,3 14,9 9,7 93,0 59,8 38,8
General shop 23,3 14,9 9,7 93,0 59,8 38,8
DIY shop 18,6 12,0 7,8 74,4 47,8 31,0
Restaurant 10,3 5,9 3,8 25,8 14,7 5,5
Self service 6,1 3,5 2,3 9,2 5,3 2,0
restaurant
Restaurant kitchen 23,9 18,8 12,2 58,5 45,9 20,7
Self service kitchen 18,8 14,7 9,5 35,6 28,0 14,8
Display room 10,8 7,0 4,5 32,5 20,9 13,5
Multipurpose room 10,8 7,0 4,5 29,8 19,2 8,8
Exhibition hall 10,8 7,0 4,5 59,6 38,3 17,6
Bedroom (Hospital) 13,6 6,8 4,4 21,0 10,5 3,5
Service room 19,5 12,5 8,1 110,1 70,8 35,7
(Hospital)
Medical room 15,9 12,5 8,1 39,4 30,9 7,9
(Hospital)
Production (heavy) 10,8 7,0 4,5 42,8 27,5 10,4
Production (light) 14,8 11,6 7,5 22,9 18,0 5,6
Laboratory 16,3 12,8 8,3 19,5 15,3 3,3
Warehouse 11,3 7,3 4,7 44,6 28,7 10,8
Gym room 17,6 11,3 7,3 37,8 24,3 8,1
Fitness room 9,9 6,4 4,1 31,3 20,1 7,5
Indoor pool 11,3 7,3 4,7 29,4 18,9 6,1
Circulation 7,1 3,5 2,3 1,6 5,8 1,5
Circulation (24 h - 12,4 7,1 4,6 41,4 23,6 7,1
hospital)
Staircase 12,4 7,1 4,6 21,0 12,0 3,4
Secondary room 6,0 3,0 1,9 8,4 4,2 0,6
Kitchen (office) 8,9 5,1 3,3 7,6 4,3 0,5
WC, bathroom, 10,5 6,0 3,9 8,9 5,1 0,6
shower
WC 17,3 9,9 6,4 13,8 7,9 1,0
Wardrobe, shower 9,9 5,7 3,7 8,4 4,8 0,9
Parking 2,9 1,4 0,9 4,6 2,2 0,7
Laundry room 13,2 8,5 5,5 14,5 9,4 1,7
Cold room 5,7 2,8 1,8 0,3 0,1 0,1
Server room 6,7 3,3 2,2 0,3 0,2 0,1
Table 1: existing benchmark, limits and target values for lighting efficiency, from SIA 387/1:2017.

5.3. National approach suggested in future EPBD transposition

The standard presented in the previous paragraphs (EN and SIA) are offering benchmarking
values in terms of LENI (or specific total consumption, in kWh/m2) and specific power load (in
W/m2).

Page 21 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

The PremiumLight Pro initiative suggests, in the national transposition of the EPBD, to
consider a more efficiency oriented approach for built-in lighting systems of tertiary
installation.
A mandatory limit for the lighting consumption or for the installed power, with an approach
similar to the Swiss standard, could be very effective in terms of energy and emission
savings. The SIA 387/4 benchmarking/limit values cannot be adopted directly, due to the
different calculation methodology7.
More in detail member states should set:
- for small installations, a specific power limit for each end-use or room type, with a
less demanding calculation requiring less effort
- for larger installations, with the use of a more comprehensive calculation
methodology, setting a limit for specific lighting consumption or LENI. This approach
will ensure a good design in terms of daylighting design, control strategies and quality
of light.
EU-wide the calculation methodologies shall be uniformed as more as possible, in order to
create a common set of best practices. A number of software tools is already available on the
market and is typically used by lighting designers and installers. Free tools for calculation are
in development at national level: ENEA, the Italian energy agency, is developing a
calculation software for the EN 15193-1 methodology adoption8.

6. Conclusions
At present time the EPBD directive is in its approval procedure in the EU parliament. The last
discussions are ongoing and the final approval is forecasted for autumn.
At national level the calculation methodologies for the building performance, accordingly to
the preamble of the directive and the Annex I, shall already include the built-in lighting
systems, at least for tertiary buildings. For the national implementation of the future EPBD,
several countries/regions have experience with the inclusion of the methodologies defined in
EN standards: the proposal of the PremiumLight initiative is to adopt EU-wide the new
15193-1 standard.
The scope of the EPBD is to set limits to the energy consumption of buildings and allow
comparison between them through the certificate. Following the EPB directive, lighting is
already incorporated within the whole building energy calculation. A practically effective
inclusion of the calculation for lighting systems consumption requires an indicator for the
specific lighting consumption with a maximum allowable limit. The indicator or requirement
shall support the improvement of the lighting systems in the design phase and for describing
the quality of the systems installed.
A more correct evaluation of the energy consumption for lighting also has a positive effect on
the precision of the overall energy calculation/assessment, reported in the EPC. The
standard input values used for the internal loads in heating and cooling calculation need to
be updated or evaluated with a more precise methodology. The more efficient a building, the

7
personal communication with SIA 387/4 committee members.
8
personal communication with L. Blaso, ENEA.

Page 22 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

more important is the contribution of internal heat gains on the performance indicators.
At national level, in order to maximise the saving potential coming from the EPBD adoption
and following its principles, local regulations shall set limits for the energy power or
consumption of lighting systems. There is a lack of benchmarking in this field which could be
used as a basis for setting demanding efficiency limits per room type. A detailed study at EU
level could help to update existing national standards to new technologies.
The Swiss approach seems to be quite balanced and pragmatic, since it involves all the
design team, it requires less effort for small buildings and allows the use of all the design
leverages (from the technology used, the room and window size up to the control systems).
An extension of the EN standard using the Swiss principles could be an effective approach.

Page 23 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

Sources and bibliography

• Implementing the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) – Featuring Country
Reports 2012, ‘Energy performance requirements using the Cost-optimal methodology.
Overview and Outcomes. 3.3 Requirements for existing buildings’
• Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the council of 19 May 2010 on the
energy performance of buildings. OJ L153, 18.6.2010
• Preparatory study on lighting systems 'Lot 37' ,15 December 2016, Paul Van Tichelen, Wai
Chung Lam, Paul Waide, René Kemna, Lieven Vanhooydonck, Leo Wierda, available at:
http://ecodesign-lightingsystems.eu/sites/ecodesign-
lightingsystems.eu/files/attachments/EcodesignLightingSystemsMIMpresentation0.pdf
• Technical assessment of national/regional calculation, methodologies for the energy
performance of buildings. Johann Zirngibl, Jana Bendžalová, Final report (2015-01-30)
• Public Consultation on the Evaluation of the EPBD. Final report; Thomas Boermans, Katja
Dinges, Jan Grözinger, Moritz Schäfer Sonja Förster, Andreas Hermelink, Ira Dorband,
Bernhard von Manteuffel, 25 November 2015.
• Energy saving potentials in lighting, Dieter Schornick, 2012, available at:
http://www.rehva.eu/publications-and-resources/rehva-journal/2011/012011/energy-saving-
potentials-in-lighting.html
• European standard EN 15193-1: 2017, Energy performance of buildings - Energy
requirements for lighting - Part 1: Specifications, Module M9
• Technical report TR EN 15193-2:2017, Energy performance of buildings - Energy
requirements for lighting - Part 2: Explanation and justification of EN15193-1, Module M9
• SIA Norm 387/4:2017, Elektrizität in Gebäuden – Beleuchtung: Berechnung und
Anforderungen
• EPBD documents and drafts, status June 2017, from 2016/0381(COD)

Page 24 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

ANNEX 1 -
EU Regulations and mandates covering lighting products
Commission Regulation (EC) No 244/2009, implementing Directive 2005/32/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for non-
directional household lamps - published on the 18th of March 2009 and entered into force
two weeks later. This regulation covers minimum performance standards of lamps, also if
used in non-domestic environment. The Commission Regulation (EC) No 859/2009 of 18
September 2009, amending Regulation (EC) No 244/2009 as regards the ecodesign
requirements on ultraviolet radiation of non-directional household lamps, amended partially
some requirements of the 244/2009.
Commission Regulation (EC) No 245/2009, implementing Directive 2005/32/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council with regard to ecodesign requirements for
fluorescent lamps without integrated ballast, for high intensity discharge lamps, and for
ballasts and luminaires, was published on the 18th of March 2009. This regulation also
contains explicit requirements (minimum standards for efficiency, lumen maintenance) for
tertiary sector fluorescent lamps and street lamps. The Commission Regulation (EU) No
347/2010 of 21 April 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 245/2009 as regards the ecodesign
requirements for fluorescent lamps without integrated ballast, for high intensity discharge
lamps, and for ballasts and luminaires able to operate such lamps, amended the 245/2009,
'in order to avoid unintended impacts on the availability and performance of the products
covered by that Regulation'. The amendments also intend to 'improve coherence, as regards
the requirements on product information between Regulations 244/2009 and 245/2009'.
Regulation 347/2010 introduced some changes in the exemptions and a large number of
changes to the tables in Annex III of 245/2009 on minimum fluorescent lamp efficacy and
lumen maintenance and survival factors (FLLM, FLS) for HPS lamps for stage 2 in 2012.
This regulation does not include any specific requirement for LED lamps or integrated
systems.
Commission Regulation 1194/2012 sets minimum requirements for directional lamps and
also non- directional LED light sources. This is the main regulation covering LED lamps and
systems: it defines the Energy Efficiency Index, the minimum efficiency and the product
information to be displayed.
Energy labelling of electrical lamps and luminaires: Commission Regulation (EC) No
874/2012. The regulation covers directional lamps, extra low voltage lamps, light-emitting
diodes (LEDs), and lamps used predominantly in professional lighting, such as high-intensity
discharge lamps. It informs consumers about the compatibility of the luminaire with energy-
saving lamps and about the energy efficiency of the lamps included with the luminaire. The
exclusions from the scope are similar to those intended in Regulation 244/2009.
Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1428 of 25 August 2015 amending Commission
Regulation (EC) No 244/2009, Commission Regulation (EU) No 1194/2012 and Regulation
(EC) No 245/2009. The main changes are: postponed phase-out of halogen lamps, better
specification of “special purpose lamp” and some other minor changes.
Ecolabel Regulation (EC) No 66/2010 covers also lighting products.
The Regulation 518/2014 (EC) with regard to labelling of energy-related products on the

Page 25 / 26
Tool for support of lighting in EPBD implementation
PremiumLight_Pro – Deliverable 5.1

internet also includes lamps.

Mandate M/495 – Ecodesign horizontal mandate
The EC mandate M/495 is a horizontal measure covering several different types of energy
related products. The technical Committees addressed with M/495 are CIE, IEC TC34 and
SCs, CLC TC 34Z/IEC TC 34C.
The standardisation requests defined in the mandate annex and related to tertiary and office
lighting were:
• standby and off mode power
• luminaire efficiency
• FL ballast efficiency (amend EN 50294)
• HID ballast efficiency measurement method

Related to the M/495 Mandate is the M/485, specific for fluorescent lamps, high-intensity
discharge lamps, ballasts and luminaires able to operate such lamps
The mandate demands the development of procedures and methods for measuring several
product parameters.
• For fluorescent and high-intensity discharge lamps, the spectral radiation, the
luminous flux, the power consumption, the lamp lumen maintenance factor, the lamp
survival factor, the chromaticity, the correlated colour temperature, the colour
rendering, the specific effective radiant ultraviolet power, the lamp caps and the total
mercury content;
• For ballasts able to operate fluorescent and high-intensity discharge lamps, the input
power of the lamp-ballast circuit, including when the operated lamps do not emit any
light in normal operating conditions;
• For luminaires able to operate fluorescent and high-intensity discharge lamps, the
power consumption when the operated lamps do not emit any light in normal
operating conditions, the ingress protection grading, the CEN flux code and the
photometric file;
• For luminaires for office lighting, the luminaire maintenance factor;
• For luminaires for street lighting, the luminaire maintenance factor, the utilisation
factor and the Upward Light Output Ratio.

Page 26 / 26