Anika OS File

1 | OS PRACTICAL FILE
OPERATING
NAME : ANIKA CHAUHAN

ROLL NO. : 9
COURSE : MCA
SEMESTER : I
SUBJECT : Operating System
SUBMITTED TO : Mrs. Kavita
Mittal
INDEX
Basic commands ------------------------------------------------------- 1
echo ---------------------------------------------------------------------------3
date ---------------------------------------------------------------------------6
hostname ----------------------------------------------------------------13
arch -------------------------------------------------------------------------13
uname ----------------------------------------------------------------------14
uptime ----------------------------------------------------------------------14
who ---------------------------------------------------------------------------14
whoami---------------------------------------------------------------------17
Directory Commands ----------------------------------------------18
pwd ---------------------------------------------------------------------------18
cd ------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
ls -------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
mkdir -----------------------------------------------------------------------24
rmdir -------------------------------------------------------------------------25
rm -r --------------------------------------------------------------------------25
File Commands --------------------------------------------------------26
cat ----------------------------------------------------------------------------26
rm ----------------------------------------------------------------------------27
mv ----------------------------------------------------------------------------28
cp -----------------------------------------------------------------------------28
wc -----------------------------------------------------------------------------31
touch -----------------------------------------------------------------------33
paste ------------------------------------------------------------------------35
sort ---------------------------------------------------------------------------35
cut ----------------------------------------------------------------------------38
wild cards ----------------------------------------------------------------41
BASIC COMMANDS
➢ echo : echo is a built-in
command in the bash and C shells that
writes its arguments to standard
output.
o \b : it removes all the spaces in

between the text.
o \c : suppress trailing new line with

backspace interpreter ‘-e‘ to continue
without emitting new line.
o \n : this option creates a new line from

where it is used.
o \t : this option is used to create

horizontal tab spaces.
o \r : carriage return with backspace

interpreter ‘-e‘ to have specified
carriage return in output.
o \v : this option is used to create

vertical tab spaces.
o \a : alert return with backspace

interpreter ‘-e‘ to have sound alert.
o echo * : this command will print all

files/folders, similar to ls command.
o -n : this option is used to omit echoing

trailing newline.
o Redirecting `echo` Output

➢ date : to display date (shows

current system date and time to the
nearest second).
o %a : locale's abbreviated weekday
name (e.g., Sun)
o %A : locale's full weekday name
(e.g., Sunday)
o %b : locale's abbreviated month
name (e.g., Jan)
o %B : locale's full month name (e.g.,
January)
o %c : locale's date and time (e.g., Thu
Mar 3 23:05:25 2005)
o %C : century; like %Y, except omit
last two digits (e.g., 20)
o %d : day of month (e.g., 01)
o %D : date; same as %m/%d/%y
o %e : day of month, space padded;
same as %_d
o %F : full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
o %g : last two digits of year of ISO
week number (see %G)
o %G : year of ISO week number (see

%V); normally useful only with %V
o %h : same as %b
o %j : day of year (001..366)
o %k : hour, space padded ( 0..23); same
as %_H
o %m : month (01..12)
o %M : minute (00..59)
o %p : locale's equivalent of either AM or
PM; blank if not known
o %P : like %p, but lower case
o %q : quarter of year (1..4)
o %r : locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g.,
11:11:04 PM)
o %R : 24-hour hour and minute; same as
%H:%M
o %s : seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00
UTC
o %S : second (00..60)
o %T : time; same as %H:%M:%S
o %u : day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
o %U : week number of year, with Sunday
as first day of week (00..53)
o %V : ISO week number, with Monday as
first day of week (01..53)
o %w : day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday

o %W : week number of year, with
Monday as first day of week (00..53)
o %x : locale's date representation (e.g.,
12/31/99)
o %X : locale's time representation (e.g.,
23:13:48)
o %y : last two digits of year (00..99)
o %Y : year
o %z : +hhmm numeric time zone (e.g., -
0400)
o %::z : +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone
(e.g., -04:00:00)
10 | O S P R A C T I C A L F I L E
➢ hostname : used to either set

or display the current host, domain or
node name of the system.
➢ arch : Prints the type of

computer you are using.
➢ uname – Prints name of

current system.
➢ who - who command is used to

find time of last system boot, current
run level of the system, list of logged
in user and more.
o To show list of users logged in to

system
o To display host name and user

associated with standard input such as
keyboard.
o To show all active processes which are

spawned by INIT process.
o To show status of the users message

as +, – or ?
o To show time of the system when it

booted last time.
o To show system login process details
o To count number of users logged on to

system
o To display current run level of the

system
o To display all details of current logged

in user
➢ whoami : whoami prints the

user name associated with the
current effective user ID.
DIRECTORY COMMANDS
➢ pwd - For printing the current
directory.
o -L : print the value of $PWD if it names

the current working directory
o -P : print the physical directory, without
any symbolic links
➢ cd - Changing directories
o cd : go to home directory
o cd ~/papers : go to home/user/papers
o cd dir : go to directory (relative)
o cd /dir1/dir2/dir3… : go to directory
(absolute)
o cd - : go to last directory you were in
o cd .. : to navigate up one directory

level
➢ ls - Shows full list or content of

directory
o ls -x: Multicolumnar output
o ls -F : Marks executables with *,
directories with / and symbolic links
with @
o ls -a : Shows all filenames beginning
with a dot including . and ..
o ls -r : Sorts filenames in reverse order
(ASCII collating sequence by default)
o ls -R : Recursive list
o ls -l : Long listing in ASCII collating
sequence showing seven attributes of a
file
o ls -d dirname : Lists only dirname if
dirname is a directory
o ls -t : Sorts filenames with last
modification time
o ls -lt : Sorts listing by last modification
time
o ls -u : Sorts filenames by last access

time
o ls -lu : Sorts by ASCII collating
sequence but listing shows last access
time
o ls -lut : As above but sorted by last
access time
➢ mkdir - Makes directory with the

specified name.
➢ rmdir
o rmdir dirname : deletes the directory
if empty else interrupts to delete files
first
o rmdir ms/d1 ms/d2 ms : to remove

multiple directories
FILE COMMANDS
➢ cat
o cat > filename – Creates new file
( insert content in file)
▪ ctrl+d – to signify end of file
o cat f1 – to display contet of file
o cat f1 f2 – to displays content of
multiple files
o cat -n f1 – to displays with line numbers
➢ rm – Deletes the specified file.

o rm file : Removes the file.
o rm -i abc* : Prompts to remove each file

in current directory starting with ‘abc’.
o rm abc* : Remove all files in current

directory starting with ‘abc’.
➢ mv – Used to rename a file.
➢ cp – copy file
o cp file1 file2: Copy file1 to file2
o cp file1 directory: Copy file1 into

directory.
o cp file1 file2 file3 dir1: Copy files into

directory.
o cp – R dir1 dir2: Copy dir1 into dir2

including subdirectories.
➢ wc – Count the number of lines or

characters.
o -c : Number of characters
o -w : Number of words
o -l : prints the number of lines present

in a file.
o -m : displays count of characters from

a file
o -L : used to print out the length of

longest (number of characters) line in a
file
o --version : used to display the version

of wc which is currently running on
your system.
➢ touch - Used to create a file. It

can change file access and
modification time. It is also used to
change the timestamps (i.e., dates and
times of the most recent access and
modification) on existing files and
directories.
-a : change only the access time
-c, --no-create : do not create any files

➢ paste – Merge corresponding or

subsequent lines of files.
➢ sort – The sort command sorts

a file according to fields.
o -r : Sorting In Reverse Order
o -n : To sort a file numerically
o -nr : To sort a file with numeric data in

reverse order
o -k : Sort a table on the basis of any

column number by using -k option.
o -u : To sort and remove duplicates.
o -M : To sort by month pass.

➢ cut – The cut command takes a

vertical slice of a file, printing only
the specified columns or fields.
o -b(byte) : To extract the specific bytes
o -c (column) : To cut by character

o -f (field) : To extract the useful

information you need to cut by fields
rather than columns
o –complement : It complement the

output.
o --version : Display the version of cut

which is currently running on your
system.
➢ wild cards (*,?,[])

o * : asterisk symbol is used to represent
anycharacter(s)
o ? : question mark is used to represent
any single character
o [from-to] : Values entered within
square brackets represent a range
(from-to) for a single character
o [!from-to] : Values entered within
square brackets represent a range
(from-to) to exclude for a single

character

Anika OS File

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Anika OS File

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 | OS PRACTICAL FILE

NAME : ANIKA CHAUHAN

o \b : it removes all the spaces in

o \c : suppress trailing new line with

o \n : this option creates a new line from

o \t : this option is used to create

o \r : carriage return with backspace

o \v : this option is used to create

o \a : alert return with backspace

o echo * : this command will print all

o -n : this option is used to omit echoing

o Redirecting `echo` Output

➢ date : to display date (shows

o %G : year of ISO week number (see

o %w : day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday

➢ hostname : used to either set

➢ arch : Prints the type of

➢ uname – Prints name of

➢ who - who command is used to

o To show list of users logged in to

o To display host name and user

o To show all active processes which are

o To show status of the users message

o To show time of the system when it

o To show system login process details

o To count number of users logged on to

o To display current run level of the

o To display all details of current logged

➢ whoami : whoami prints the

o -L : print the value of $PWD if it names

o cd dir : go to directory (relative)

o cd - : go to last directory you were in

o cd .. : to navigate up one directory

➢ ls - Shows full list or content of

o ls -u : Sorts filenames by last access

➢ mkdir - Makes directory with the

o rmdir ms/d1 ms/d2 ms : to remove

➢ rm – Deletes the specified file.

o rm -i abc* : Prompts to remove each file

o rm abc* : Remove all files in current

➢ mv – Used to rename a file.

o cp file1 file2: Copy file1 to file2

o cp file1 directory: Copy file1 into

o cp file1 file2 file3 dir1: Copy files into

o cp – R dir1 dir2: Copy dir1 into dir2

➢ wc – Count the number of lines or

o -l : prints the number of lines present

o -m : displays count of characters from

o -L : used to print out the length of

o --version : used to display the version

➢ touch - Used to create a file. It

-a : change only the access time

-c, --no-create : do not create any files

➢ paste – Merge corresponding or

➢ sort – The sort command sorts

o -r : Sorting In Reverse Order

o -n : To sort a file numerically

o -nr : To sort a file with numeric data in

o -k : Sort a table on the basis of any

o -u : To sort and remove duplicates.

o -M : To sort by month pass.

➢ cut – The cut command takes a

o -c (column) : To cut by character