LIVING IN IT ERA

COMPONENTS OF
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
PRESENTATION

WEEK 2
 ICT
ICT, short for information and communications
technology or technologies. ICT is more
comprehensive, including more components related
to computers and digital technologies. Components
include data, Internet access, cloud computing,
software, hardware, transactions, and
communications technology. But more importantly,
ICT encompasses combinations and applications of
those components.

ICT has drastically changed how people work,

communicate, learn and live, and continue to
revolutionize all parts of the human experience, from
computers to robots, and ICT contributes greatly to our
economic development. Some have labeled it the fourth
industrial revolution. However, ICT is not without its
downsides. The digitization of data has led to new
levels of crime, automation tools and robots that can
displace workers, and many believe ICT has stifled
human interaction.
 HISTORY OF COMPUTER

FIRST GENERATION – VACUUM TUBES (1940 – 1956)

Konrad Zuse created what became known
as the first programmable computer, the
Z1, in 1936 in his parent’s living room
in Berlin.
The 1940s saw the emergence of electronic
computers, including the ENIAC (Electronic
Numerical Integrator and Computer) and the
EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic
Computer). These machines used vacuum tubes
and punched cards for data processing. In the
picture attached below, you can see a
scientist using ENIAC for computational
purposes.
 SECOND GENERATION – TRANSISTORS (1956 – 1963)
In 1947, the invention of the transistor by Bell
Labs revolutionized computing. Transistors
replaced bulky vacuum tubes, making computers
smaller, faster, and more reliable.
Second-gen computers still count on punched
cards for input/printouts. In the above image,
you can see two computer engineers working on a
computer transistor.
The language emerged from a binary language to a
symbolic (‘assembly’) language. This meant
programmers could discover instructions in words.
Until 1965, computers were only used by
mathematicians and engineers in a lab setting.
Programma 101 changed everything by offering the
general public a desktop computer that anyone could
use. The 65-pound machine was the size of a
typewriter and had 37 keys and a printer built-in.
THIRD GENERATION – INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (1964 – 1971)

Third-generation computers started using integrated
circuits instead of transistors. The integrated circuit
(IC) is a semiconductor material that contains thousands
of transistors. Because of IC, the computer becomes more
reliable and fast, requires less maintenance, is small in
size, is more affordable, and generates less heat. You can
see in the image above how multiple IC racks are used to
power a computer.
The Xerox Alto was created in the ’70s as a personal
computer that could print documents and send emails.
What was most notable about the computer was its
design, which included a mouse, keyboard, and
screen.
 FOURTH GENERATION – MICROPROCESSORS (1972 – 2010)

Intel’s 4004 microprocessor marked a pivotal moment in
computing history. It was the world’s first commercially
available microprocessor and laid the groundwork for the
personal computer revolution.
When Steve Jobs introduced the first Macintosh
computer in 1984, Consumer Reports called it a
“dazzling display of technical wizardry.”
The release of the IBM Personal Computer, powered by
Microsoft’s MS-DOS operating system, marked the
beginning of the personal computer era. It set
industry standards and paved the way for the
advancements of PCs.
FOURTH GENERATION – MICROPROCESSORS (1972 – 2010)

The iMac G3 was launched in 1998

and quickly became known for its
Bondi blue, clear casing. The 38-
pound iMac included USB ports, a
keyboard, and a mouse.
FIFTH GENERATION – ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (2010
ONWARDS)

AI is an authenticity made possible by adopting parallel processing and superconductors. In

the future, computers will be revolutionized again by quantum computation, molecular, and
nanotechnology.

In 2019, Google claimed to have achieved “quantum supremacy” by performing a calculation on

its quantum computer that would take even the most advanced classical supercomputers
thousands of years to complete.
 COMPUTER HARDWARE

PARTS:
MOUSE
KEYBOARD
MONITOR
CPU
MOTHER BOARD
RAM (random-access memory)

Computer hardware refers to the physical components of a computer

system, including devices such as the central processing unit (CPU),
memory, storage, input/output peripherals, and circuitry. It
encompasses the tangible elements that enable a computer to process
and store data, facilitating its functionality and performance.
 COMPUTER SYSTEM

CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT (CPU) MEMORY (RAM) STORAGE DEVICES

Random Access These include hard

Often referred to
Memory is used for drives, solid-state
as the brain of
drives, or other
the computer, the temporary storage
storage media. They
CPU executes of data and
store data,
instructions and program
applications, and the
performs instructions that operating system on a
calculations. are actively being more permanent basis.
used by the CPU.
 COMPUTER SYSTEM

MOTHERBOARD POWER SUPPLY INPUT DEVICES

Provides Devices like

The main circuit
electrical power keyboards and mouse
board that
allow users to input
connects all the to the computer
data into the
components, components.
computer.
facilitating
communication
between them.
 COMPUTER SYSTEM

OUTPUT OPERATING
SYSTEM (OS) SOFTWARE
DEVICES

Software that Programs and

Monitors,
manages hardware applications that
printers, and
enable users to
speakers display resources and
perform specific
or produce the provides a user
tasks on the
results of the interface for
computer.
computer's interaction.
processes.
 COMPUTER SYSTEM

GRAPHICS
NETWORK PROCESSING UNIT COOLING SYSTEM
INTERFACE (GPU)

Specialized for Prevents

Allows the
rendering graphics components,
computer to
and accelerating especially the
connect to
certain CPU, from
networks, calculations, overheating
facilitating particularly in during
communication with applications like operation.
other devices. gaming or graphic
design.
COMPUTER SYSTEM

PERIPHERAL
DEVICES

Additional devices
like printers,
scanners, and
external drives
that can be
connected to the
computer.
 COMPONENTS

Components of a computer are the essential

parts that collectively enable its
functionality. These include the central
processing unit (CPU) for executing
instructions, memory for temporary data
storage, storage devices like hard drives for
long-term data retention, input devices such as
keyboards and mice, output devices like
monitors or printers, and a motherboard to
interconnect these elements. Together, these
components form the core infrastructure of a
computer system.

PARTS:
MOTHERBOARD FLOPPY
PROCESSORS (CPU) SYSTEM FAN
RAM MODUELS POWER SUPPLY
OPTICAL DRIVE
HARD DRIVE
HEAT SINK
INPUT DEVICES

Input devices are hardware components

that allow users to interact with a
computer by providing data or commands.
Common examples include keyboards for
entering text, mice for pointing and
clicking, and other devices like
touchscreens, scanners, or microphones,
which enable the input of various types
of information into the computer system.

EXAMPLE:
MOUSE LIGHT PEN
KEYBOARD BAR CODE
MICROPHONE SCANNER
OCR JOY STICK
TRACKBALL SCANNER
OUTPUT DEVICES

Output devices are components of a

computer system that present or display
information processed by the computer.
Common examples include monitors for
visual display, printers for producing
hard copies of documents, and speakers
for audio output. These devices convey
the results of computations and data
processing to users in a perceivable
format.
EXAMPLE:
SPEAKERS MICROPHONE
MONITOR TELEVISION
PRINTER SCREEN
HEADPHONE 3D PRINTER
PROJECTOR
SOFTWARE SYSTEM

A software system in a computer refers

to a collection of software components
that work together to provide a set of
functionalities or services. It
encompasses various programs,
applications, and supporting files that
collaborate to execute specific tasks or
manage the computer's operations.

EXAMPLE:
System Software
Application Softwarw
Programming Software
Enterprise Software
Utility Software
Educational Software
OPERATING SYSTEM

An operating system is the most important software

that runs on a computer. It manages the computer's
memory and processes, as well as all of its software
and hardware. It also allows you to communicate with
the computer without knowing how to speak the
computer's language. Without an operating system, a
computer is useless.

EXAMPLE:
Windows
Macos
Linux
Ios
Android
THANK YOU