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The results with the beetroot at 9mm in diameter went up at the end of the graph line; this could be
accounted for as not the correct timing or enough accuracy. Cut six, 1 cm length slices from these
sections using a ruler and knife. In some cases, the changing would stop but that could be a not so
reliable sign that it is the right colour density. This breaks apart the phospholipid bilayer creating
larger holes in the membrane substainsial enough to allow the red pigments called betalains in the cell
vacuole that do not normally pass through the membrane. Normally the pigments cannot pass
through membranes but they leak out when the beetroot is cooked or put in alcohol. In addition, lab
coats must be worn as you are always using beetroot and they are around you, so you must be
careful that the beetroot juice does not get to your cloths as it may stain. It was important to have
washed the beetroot before carrying out the experiment, in order to wash out pigment from the cells
that were damaged when using the cork borer and knife. Sometimes the beetroot was exactly 30mm;
so a few millimetres were lost because the skin had to be cut off either end. Planning. More thought
needs to be focused on the key variables. This can be done by using a syringe and placing the liquid
into a cuvette, making sure that all the tubes are the same size. As an overall conclusion it is
acceptable to establish the fact that as the temperature is increased the permeability of the cell
membrane increases resulting in more beetroot pigment diffusing into the surrounding solution.
When putting the test tubes in the water baths I held the top carefully and securely to ensure I didn’t
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What is Scribd. Place the cuvette into the colorimeter making sure that the light is shining through
smooth glides. The presence of a solute decreases the water potential of a substance. Also, the test
tubes that will be placed in the colorimeter must be dried before place in the colorimeter as water
conducts electricity, and may cause an electric shock. For this experiment the green or blue filter
would be acceptable. This slight error could also be a result of the person themselves, in this case
me, as I may have left the sample in the bath for the wrong amount of time, or I could have easily
misread the colorimeter reading. So i would suspect that this was what had happened to the beetroot
cells as temperature rise because if it becoming more dehydrated, then it starts to release the
liquid(red pigment) from the membrane.(like in human, we lose heat in the form of sweat). Beetroot
pieces were placed in solutions with varying pH levels, concentrations of ethanol and detergent. The
cuvette will be place in the colorimeter in such a way that light is able to pass through its transparent
side and be readable by the colorimeter. You should make references to the knowledge you acquired
from the lessons on cellular homeostasis. The cell membrane, along with such things as dialysis
tubing and cellulose acetate sausage casing, is such a membrane. Core practical(Why does the colour
leak out of cooked beetroot?). This is suggesting that membrane permeability decreases with
temperature and gradually pigment leaks out. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should
contain. The Effect of Temperature on the Cell Membranes of Beetroot Cells. When the proteins in
the phospholipid bilayer is heated, the proteins (formed of coiled and folded strings of amino acids)
will untangle and break apart due to the vibrations of the surrounding molecules.
Evaluation To make this experiment a lot better we could have repeated it many times to increase the
reliability of our results. The cell surface membrane is the boundary between the cytoplasm in the cell
and the environment, so it has the important job of controlling the movement of substances in and
out of the cell. GCE Biology Coursework Guidelines for teachers - CCEA. This is because of the
change in pH to the cell membrane. There was no evaluation of the results or method and this would
lose marks in an examination piece of coursework. Some of the proteins are surface bound and act
either to help give the cell mechanical support or act as cell receptors. There is a general steady
increase represented by a positive correlation. The hydrophilic heads point towards both inwards
towards the cell cytoplasm and outwards towards the aqueous external environment. Design an
experiment to investigate the effect of temperature on the moveme. This would only have had a
small effect on my results, because the vacuole of the beetroot would have only released slightly
more betalain, as the molecules would have only had a very small amount more heat energy to
convert into kinetic energy. One good solution that we could have done was to pour the solution into
another clean test tube and taking the beetroot out later. Each paragraph in the body of the essay
should contain. Excluding the fridge sample and the small error between 35 and 40, you can see that
an increase of about 0.02% - 0.03% is common across the board, but there with one exception, and
that is the difference between 60 C and 65 C. I believe that with the increase of temperature applied
onto the plasma membrane, the structure of the membrane will become damaged and membrane will
eventually denature and because membrane’s composition has been occupied by mostly proteins, say
50-60%, the damage to the proteins will be greater and therefore, as the disruption to the proteins
gets higher, the more the red pigment will leak out and release darker solution at higher temperature.
The plasma membrane is also made up of proteins which are arranged randomly across the cell
membrane, unlike the phospholipids which are arranged in a pattern. This means that as the water
flows into the beetroot cells, they become turgid, then as excess water flows into the cells, the cell
bursts releasing the pigment into the water. Tube D (4 ml of hot water with 5 discs of beetroot). The
structure of the cell surface plasma membrane is shown in the diagram below. After heating the
beetroot, it would become softer and there were cases when during taking it out, it has slightly
broken so there was more pigment than expected. When putting the test tubes in the water baths I
held the top carefully and securely to ensure I didn’t touch the water. Planning. More thought needs
to be focused on the key variables. Weaker solutions like pH 8 and lower concentrations of ethanol
and detergent produced lighter colors, having smaller effects. The more unsaturated they are, the
more fluid the membrane becomes. The beetroots may have also had different concentrations of
betacyanin pigment. Gas exchange in gills and lungs operates by this process. The results with the
beetroot at 9mm in diameter went up at the end of the graph line; this could be accounted for as not
the correct timing or enough accuracy. On inaccuracy that can be account to human error is the size
of the beetroot. Experiment needed to be carried out and finished the same day. Despite these
misgivings, this is an impressive piece of work. The cell surface membrane is impermeable to most
molecules because of several factors.
There is no background theoretical material included in this report. We could have especially
repeated the anomalous results that we attained as they are the ones most likely to be incorrect and
invalidate our experiment the most. Biology coursework investigation: Comparing the length of ivy
leaves (Heder. When pure, it is a colourless liquid with a pleasant odour, miscible with water or
ether. A way of overcoming the inaccuracy of the measuring equipment used is to have rulers which
are graded more accurately which may help to prevent inaccuracies occurring in the future. One end
becomes slightly positive and other end is negative. At the moment the cell membrane is normal and
the hydrophilic regions are pack tightly together with only small gaps large enough for water
molecules to diffuse through. Another matter to take into account is the water baths themselves, the
temperature although being measured by a thermometer and a digital reading, it could be for
example at a temperature of 35.4 C, but be rounded off to 35 C. Water baths to be used are metallic
so this would allow heat to be lost during the experiment so the presence of the thermometer will
check that to make sure the temperature reading is suitable. In addition to proteins, the membrane is
in part 'held' together by interaction of proteins and lipids in the membrane with the cell's
cytoskeleton (microtubules and filaments). In this experiment, beetroots will be used to test out the
aim. The cell surface membrane is impermeable to most molecules because of several factors. This is
because by increasing the concentrations of the ethanol beyond a certain point it may have no effect
on the cell membrane. Beetroot cells are quite unstable and will leak out when cut, heated, cooked,
or when in contact with air or sunlight. Membranes obviously have lots of proteins in them as well,
they are much less. Lysosomes with enzymes will fuse with it to enable digestion of the contents.
This can be done by using a syringe and placing the liquid into a cuvette, making sure that all the
tubes are the same size. This would only have had a small effect on my results, because the vacuole
of the beetroot would have only released slightly more betalain, as the molecules would have only
had a very small amount more heat energy to convert into kinetic energy. The larger the surface area
the more area exposed to the ethanol. These act as channels whereby water soluble or large
molecules can pass through. Place 30ml of each solution of ethanol into the other tubes. Taking
averages can account for any anomalies that may occur in the experiment. GCE Biology Coursework
Guidelines for teachers - CCEA. This will remove any of the pigment that has spilled out of the cells
when they were cut. Permeability of cell membrane may be affected in many ways such as addition
of alcohol, and temperature. Consequently there will an average range between the stages where the
cell membrane is most affected from the ethanol. Some are unsaturated fatty acids, so it bent and fit
together loosely. From these results, observations may evidently show that at 50%, 75% and 100%
concentrations the cell membrane of the beetroot has been totally broken down. There is one
exception, which is the subject that was situated within the fridge as this is clearly an anomaly.
Record the actual temperature in the boiling tube onto a table.
Consequently there will an average range between the stages where the cell membrane is most
affected from the ethanol. This means that they are small enough to fit between the phospholipids
layers. This minor judgement will probably have little effect upon the overall result. Since less
amount of betalain is allowed to pass through, this means that colorimeter reading will be low. This
allows the pigments within the cell to leak out through the membrane. Overall my data supports my
hypothesis and as the temperature of the water baths increases the absorbance of the beetroot
pigment increases, this is because heat effects the proteins in the cell membrane and so if the protein
id denatured by the heat, the membrane will become damaged and so red dye will leak out of it. I
am going to use a colorimeter to measure the change in colour from ordinary distilled water to the
different concentrations of beetroot juice. Join our team of reviewers and help other students learn.
From the graph, it shows a general trend of the mean decreasing. StudyZones com: Search Zone -
Searching beetroot evaluation. So the reason the membrane becomes permeable as the temperature is
increased is because it is falling apart. The limitations of the results should be discussed. Therefore
possible for the final experiment the range will be between 0 and 20: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20. It is clear
to see that there is the general pattern of positive correlation and not any errors that can be seen.
Think of melting butter, this is mostly fat, and consequently melts when you heat it up. The Effect of
Temperature on the Cell Membranes of Beetroot Cells. First problem, was keeping the water bath
temperature at exact real temperature. This would not give correct readings as the colour of the
natural pigment in beetroot is red and for the colourimeter to measure the light transmission, red
liquid through a red filter would just read at 100% because it would not distinguish between the
colour changes. The cell surface membrane is composed of many components one of which is
phospholipids. Beetroot pieces were placed in solutions with varying pH levels, concentrations of
ethanol and detergent. That’s' one reason why many organisms live only at certain ranges of
temperature and why organisms like us maintain a constant body temperature, so proteins will be
relatively stable. I have included a table of the absorbance difference as follows. This was done by
taking six relatively identical pieces of beetroot and placing them in different water-baths at different
temperatures and testing how much betalains pigment leak out of cell across membrane. The fact that
lipids will become more fluid as temperature goes up. Protein in its tertiary structure has been
affected and altered or even denatured which affects the overall fluidity in the cell membrane and
the function or interaction of the proteins. “These influenced cellular function in the brain and body
and led to the various symptoms of alcohol action.”. It was important to have washed the beetroot
before carrying out the experiment, in order to wash out pigment from the cells that were damaged
when using the cork borer and knife. From 20 0 c to 50 0 c the absorbance of the beetroot pigment
started to increase slowly but when the temperature increased to 60 0 c, the absorbance increased
dramatically. The percentage of absorbance at 35 C was 0.15%, whereas at 40 C it was 0.14%. This
has to be an anomaly as well, as it does not conform to the general overall pattern. StudyZones com:
Search Zone - Searching beetroot evaluation. To justify length and shape of beetroot, the beetroot
shape will be cylindrical because a large surface area to volume ratio would provide more cells
exposed to the ethanol.