d

Ch. ChemiCal Rachon am

9 u a o ns
What are chemial Keaco
acton aTe fhe proesa
ChemiCal entirey
u h s t a n c e s W th
hcW
In Whi ch omeee,
hes a r
fferffer tnt þro per h
chem
mj L
jc aal
fnvolve
n
Chemical reactno
which fake
taKe
ha ng u ulestances
Whi ch
he ohs
K cactants Part In
c h e m i c a l r e a c t

as
Laetan
a Kn owh foTme
hew
Su k s t a nces
h eactioh
Po duct chemicol r
at the end as ducte
a s e Kn own
keachon
achemi Cal
xam He is burnt in
the
nesumbbon
hen M9 t uThs w1h

Tuence ce
xy n white fo
waler Aike
ar a nejum
nes]um
o a2ktng l a
mu
K h o wn as Mag
M ag
foTmiel Kho wn

Su kstance MgO
O Mag nes/um
o xi d M
nc41 u
mt oXg Xlde,
Mag
rod uctt
KLactants
* Tbbon
Tlbbon,
nesium

burnng The mag

befove
and a e r
to
wth
Ptu can td ayer 6a
protetmve
Temo v e he Oiole
t3 | u m e o
o9n
 Keactions 7rom
CXQmRu chemiclad
da 7E
m K 1nto 2uu
D on versIon
i) SouTIn milk
FermentattoM araeJuce
)
Kustin Iro)
(tV)
B u n I n g _ f u e l l w o e d l w a x Ca h
Ki bennj1TWoodwa dde

Vu)DLgeston_ frd
en
n) Ke pirat
Coo Kng d
() h a m i Cal veo ction
Cha n a c c r e s t h auacterld
he_chun|cal

V_h
heieaa
actons as-In come humcal
EvoAu ton raco nA 9 44 aN

Volvee

TaK ZInC
in a |
r a n wles
H
a olul wte
D I . He{anel
hydrochlori ac1d
ub es_ a
-
Zin 9 an
aevolveel
When
webr|hg a
Tet f r T64rhI e
mateh hek

aesttube
Contuni
n e a l t h e mouth

a JFbuTh Wrt fo} dounal

 W L h m e f a l

n_acd eacta
CLarbon.atesNa_o3)
Whe oT Wh

Carbohatu
Wa he3),
metal b
ruceee.

When
1
m e Water
Tut for C Aime
Water
honyh
P tol
HO
t u r s milky Calo Ene7

CaO Calci m
hydroIde
Calcum oxIde

CuLCKl n ) or
shakeel A
oT
Ime nae

CaCo+ H
Co,_2 CaC
Ca(ott),tC Calcu m
C a b o n a t e

CmLKin)

n Joh
Temberaturd
t u m þ e rafue
fumper atee
h a h g i n 1n
I n
e
a an
hge
ractons,
Cmi cal
aleo fa Kes a ce de(QuckK)

TeKe Calcum ox
conCa

in a
rdWader
we
When
a s K.
touch 1lasK mm
Wak
o u d s d e , J t * } p e a a h e e

eu oX[ ole Ihy à due to

hot.
h e relasse heat

Caot H,O Calot)t tead

QucK
3 foumattun a freci httu Cth
eachons a
o m ehmjcal
alhed wI th the #orm atj on
accom ths ol uble au
pitatiy
Precitates, frec t e bottpm at
dowh
m ss which e t t l e

t u t tuhe
3 a 7 u m + oolyum.
(a) oolyum Chloodee
B a r um t Sulphak
Sulphte
Chhorde
folu /white
o f o l u t on
C
t fofaiy
(b) fotuu m Lesd
To d d Ntrat
Leel +
To c d e
Nitrat
o l uh ov
out o
yellow

Lver
Jilyer + Sod um
Lodaum
+Soduum
+ Chloride Ntrats
Silver Chlo Tidle
Ntrate (whi t ) .
Solton
Tn domu
dom
in
Tn
Colour Chem e a
e
(4Chang also
also ta
fakkas
u
In Coou
lolour
hange
reaton
LemonJujce)
ate Whani etTi ac d Loured
C (a)
es
adalad n uTla
fotassIAm_
peTmag nate
yeo thn purpa
o u on KMn D4),
d e c o l o uTL &e
Colo u
(
When Sthur oli
exide 9 u( lolouTCO
ozange
though
a s td uti on,
Theh
biehromate o l
Pota|um rean Colo uo,
Colour ehang t o
e
OT ang
ttate - Ln
in
Phy4|cal
C)_Chakge Chang
Chan
e IIn
n

reactons,

hace
loce,
o o m e e h e m j l a l

taku Candle
tte also Candle,
&altd
&olhd
hyscal
Wa x
WaX
burn lgud
we
to
ehang e
Whe
9 melt or rduced, |
i a o
Wax
tati arel C
roces
egnaton ka p
hemiCal n ih Tke
h m|
cal ormulae
Tresntinj
chumcal
ar
ymbol n Jt
in J
Form In Volveol
I n v o l v e o l

4u hs tance a t ion
the Chem
Caleg
as
Khown

oR on _ 4
TTentat
c as
sy mbolj isKno uOn
Know n
Jh reacton
i s
Chmi Cal
chemi cal
nati on
eguati0n_
ehemiCou
Kelon
S CtD
AtB
L-h.S WaItten on
a always
eactants roducl
h l e t t hard Stde
kard di ol
on fhe right

(S
 Pus gn(+) Lelbtwean

betwee
Teactant arel aleo
TWo
tWo d dueta. btwean

C)taTow( )
is ut up Jho
roduct.
reactan anel
aTTOW 7ToWardu

dusecton
he product dide
Chmcal
Chami Cal g natro n d -
TcA
a1e two ty es
ehatiohs
Equaton-
A
e_hamicel
(a)Balanced e9 a l numbes|
n a l n u mbe
n eg
qnaton ha
VI
ChemiCal o n both
elemeAt on

diffeent ehamiCal
atomd_'di alanced
Khown as B
Sdes s

eqnation.
Zns°yt
ZnS H2
Zn t t,-S 04
SwhusIC
frrducy

K e a a wts
RH.S
LH.S
Zn
2
H
 CaCO3 Hea aO t C
Caleum Calcum
Carbonake oXlole2
R H.S
H.
Cc

C
3
-Jha
Unbalanceol
chemical eq uatioh
nu mbe
nati on (n h i c h
chemLal e elemants not
oli ffereent a4
atoms kho wn
bo th d e
enal on
u a t t oh
chumjlal
balanceed
un

7
Ht
.hS
L S

H 2

Znct H
HC
Zn +
LH-S

Zn 2
H
2
aahein Che miCal ca hatioh
number _
Jhe prbLes maKi
elemeut eg nal
ms drffnt
ato ét dtde
rel rddu
reactans
on th bo
Balaneih chanij eal
Kno uon as

eg hatuoh.
Ht 2 2
.hS

7 Zncl t H
Znt 24e -

R-t.S
LH.

Zn
2
H

C 2 2
 t e s to ma Ke chemical uat7
m oTe Ln 4oT mative
the Phy&ical ft atu
B y mentiohihg
TCALtantt and roduc
{tatas
as the fhyaical
Folodihg
Suhstances
odtd Cs)
k1gatd CL)
G as) alo ng
Agueos( ate m
meen
n tio neel
toneel als n
tades bracket
heae phy&ical in
amod product
veactanu
With tke

(a
t ehan
e
keEne2y
2) By mentionin upon fhy
-
Dehenolyng
a reactton
ouTIN two ty he
reacthons ave
Chemj tal ch
Ihe c
he
ha
ammjjC
cal
actohs-J
mc
(a) Exe ther W t h tt
he rlease
L release
wi h
cacttons
acco mp ansel E x o Thermg
Khown as

energY a
hcat

reactto hs
refreu
ented by
vLactonu
ane
hue oh fke
tton flus head enery
m n9
roduct Side
Calo),t Hea
CaO +H,O enealy
a
calcum
o ole
ealcum, de
hyd ro x!ce
ma)
aKed
 Coau
omb us hon
Heal
t
C 9)? O-9) encr
Comb us tron
Mefkana 7 as
CH (g) t 2 / 9 7 C , t R t Heaf
ener

aso ¬xo thermic Keacthah

Ruvation u
h
eman_auv al
ve.
e
Ih
We n e d eneg to During fha
oyceol by d
energy down
brea ki
oies hon od
PoCes Food AIKe
mle uhs tances Carh ohydoste
Carb obydoate
Ih to breadl
Co
onntta
aLuh
nds
TIC_otato,

ol9utron,
the proCes
Dus
Dur1n olouwh lhfo i m l e
brcak
CCarbo hy drates Gluto ie
GluCo & her
Shg a Cells
oT

thebooly
to
sanserred

h o xy 9 n
OT
J t Combinee
W
eleaseenery

oXId &aol
to
H,otEhc
6 Co t6
Ri26+6 t60
luco&C
V 'aefas
vegetak
vezsoh _ r u t
orel
Ck Con
alk-oA
Lompoit
m attrs t Ih

reactt on
Exo thesmj
Jhe rea tio
hermic Keacto h u >
E ndo hke a bs or pfioh
R CLo mat heo W

1
 nolo Thermc
h e a t encrg an Khowh

reacttons hee rcacthons a

heat enerL
TeTeented by mentionihg
ol with Plus Lh.
s e a c t a n t &1
on fhe
t hecd 2N (
t , NItey
energ
o K
2NO
Hea
N+ ener

(b) R a Fe, ° t S tt S°3

FesoO4
ferrow
Pesro
uhake LB rDwnts h)
Carenth toloua) C o l o uu.

(c) Hea
Rea
PLO
PLO t4Vt
Pbwo3)>
Le N t rate
NtgN
d o x1 d
CBarwnuma)

Ha CaOe, t
Ca 3 arbo
(s nak Calctum
CUleum
C-ume tona) ndo therm
fhermc
is also a Ends
Pho tosy nthes14
SundLg ht
"6 t 6
6 Co+6 H, Chlam hy 66

( By mentionin he Co hdi (io hs

fakeplace
bndesy hich rcahonw
 ej Hea K.cl +30
( 2kclo, Mn° Po tadiu
fotassium Chloride
Chho rae 2
dle) a
(Mang enue olio XI
*MMnO
no lu a ^uhstan ce
Catalyst ehami Cal|
atalyst.
e thLrate
n r e a s

Whch hot
hot chang
chahg
Catalyat olo ts
reacfioh,

h nature_ b nduct
3
atmbresL7 oo'C
( 3 00rdau
300
)
COth2znot CT3 Methy
21hC,t chom.
Coxtole
O XI dee al co ho
unleg t ceHi s t 6 9
GCOt 6 cdar th luto
Tpes chemical reacfons
type
oureacto
hh a Ave P ve
Chemi
Comb1h aton eacton
Rcacton
Combodution
(2 De
(2) lacemaut
or oli& la cemen
(3) t g l di
realton Keacton
olj e Ratemant
Dou ble
(4 eacton
Keduchon
(S) OXi daiov

Keactto n
C o mb inatton heacthond
A+B 7 C
two u h s tance
e a c t t o n th o
hich
r form dthqle
to9 ether to o mbtnatt
ombine o m btn at7 oh
oy
Wn as
Proouet ate Kho
Y eac-non
xamRu Combtnatton c
K ea
a co s
foh s

N)t3Hg) V3
mmonta ga

(b)
chlende
Ht y
gh
(e)
Calot)+tea

a)Ca
t H ,O C a l cu m
Colcuam hylro ola

QucK_ luma) Rear enug y

CO, t
Jh
eacto
tron
Deco mbo i Stnglo
uhstante

In uo h i c h mortkan
re [Kay
acto hs two o ot m o

olo wn (hto a s
a
brea h
hoouwwh
h
suhstance a
two eacttons.
difton
deCompo reacttons an_
furher

Deco mpo &|troh

hree ty e heat- Jhis
(abeco
mpodfon by
 deco mbodlfto
Kho on as h ermal

haat S t
t
Pe3EPush SuAr
>
2fes
Fero daoxidefroxde

rrenSh)
Coo
(bown urgenTSmell

Heat Ph o t 4NOt °
PL(N), - Lard NItneh
Le oluoxide
Nt r a l e CBrou_uma)

CaC3 head Ca
Calcum
Carbo hate is
by unltg hf - J h K n o uOn a

( ecom o1tton
Photo Juny t 1 t
ves
Sver
ehkoo o1 de
CWh te) Br
c
Bran A9 t
( 2 A-9
Syer kve
bromioa
Car
CWh e ) al fored
The Slyer Comp ouhds
AL to rerent
ha
b r w n bottlas
In
(h untgT
daconpo &t tton y
Decombosition by electic cuTCht
iu
electaic cuTrent
Decompostfion by
Known as elec tro ky&|
a lectiC ce H t
2H) ( (9)
Wader
s h o w = Elict roly4|&_
Actvity to

Haa
Bot4e
Water+ dil,Haoy

Cathode
elect rde
Rubbeo tnoclee
Hand eluut r d s

Battery
bottle or
Wide m oufh
qharrow heck
Ta l e b ase
bottom b ae
bottle Kemo ve Jtz Thvertd
1n the
Fix t h bottle a
4tand
wi th tha helh
duveehon holeu. hser
e af
tüLbehavng
two
TaKe a hol es, Fix
t
he two
Carbon ls n
tke bof tle
he necK
ubher CorK n
t k e s o t1le
two - third art
Fi dro
wader erd adelew
WIth Wadr vd
tomake t h
dld Hs o
Co nelucfoo,
 erd i
Ta Ke two test tuhes
water. Now lace the
tke
hem WIh C_arbono ds
oVer the
tet tu has Techon.
Inverteed oli
Ih the d s WI
Carbon
the the
Connect
m1n als / TRe bat
b a t fery.
tery.
thtwo ter
cu rrent aises
electic
When th to
pAta up
in
Jt
throgh Wad er d ro yen
ty droyen
Hy ,

hydoyen
and o xygeh
Collecdeol a a fhode r e
as aho de,
d 2, aho
Colecteol at
Às
OxygenJA as
n g
Jhe
Volum _e hyadro o x y g n gu
tWIce to the
Vod u me

W e b t n g a b u T n i n g

when
Teat os H - eal fhe mou TA
3 ti cK h
mad ch
a feat tuke Co nfaunin a 4oun

burhs wi o
theg a
this Inc a es hy olro en
C
a LbThin9
bThIN
Wheh we br1ng
e4tor ° hea
Ke
mad ch t c k
tubeContauhing a
ou th a t e s t
mo
burns br hLy,
ch t e k
7 the mad Jhs
Jhiy
resence
hiu Show. The
OXyeha
Combus fron.

6
 I Comh oditon Keaction
Inhuma body Jhe ooly es ton
uton
ood oTbraKing down_ ovd
b, he
acmon &ny me a examjte
decomboál fion In humah b o ely.

D acemae oK Stng le oli S C emehf

Ka ons
he rLactioA InW hi ch one ele mend
a
TCac the other element_
Kho w n a4 al lacemaht
Compound a
reaciohs
the
More seactve elemel relaces
urcactveelomant.
MoTe deac7
K
/a
Thoue meal C
M
TLachve A
tan Zn

yoladen
Pb
-H
Theeetal
Teacnve fkan
e a t reactivee
hydroen Au
actvIty Sev( Metal
 th a
J e aTTangement 9 Metay
Columh h the oecTCad| ny
Verhcal Khown
thur reactvity
oTder metals
a reatvity <eTI_
DIlacehmant {eachohs
am ples
Zns °4 (a)
Cusou () +ns) ZinC
Co pher S ulphat&
uhate CCo LouTden
(BAnelour)

Cusby
ulphat

co e C e n dh)
uphat
ColouY.
BAne Colour)

eucl,
Ph cl,
(S
Phtst C
Leool

Cilor(dle
c u CWo), *
NC-)T (S Coher

NItrate
Sdver
Nilrate
Co lo urlen)
Naclt H
dNa t ihCl
Zh C t H
Zn t C
C
(S)
 Doule- olisacemed eacfiohs
A B dD D t BC
TLactio ns Ih w hi ch tWo Compounds
exchange ther lonu to fo tm tWo
do u ble
hew omp ounolu re Khown s

du &llace ment athons.

Double disla ce_ment
eacnoAs rC
recit ata on Reactons
de u ble dislacement eacfons
xamlas
t NaNO
tNacl
AgNo3.tNa tyc (a)
A9N3)
Ca9)
odhum Slver
oocuum
Nidrate,
Sver Chlovi de
Ntrate
Chlor de
Cwhite pt)
o4 Bas°yrs)v t2Nac
Na,_S odlum
Bac4) o cuu m
Co-) BaTuM
Sulp hake Chko aide
BaTu white ppts
hloride upha

Ph t 2 k2KN3
t N°
PECNO), +2k t4 C Potassna
Lene CPotaalu Iode I O dde
NItrate
Nitrae
Cyetlo w F )

O XIdaon- Keductoh keacons Redox

react0ha)

X[dafioh> JF u h e aoheli aon

o O gen o r T e m o V el
hyd rogen.
((
 Keluctoh- J+ i the aslolytron_
Tmo v
hy dro 7en ot

x9en
agert-Jhe suhsta nce Which
(oXIdistn vid eu
provd oX
as
aas
Kho wn
m V hy drogan
OKd &tIRg a9enT.
Jheuhs tance Whch
eoluc(ng aent- proVdes hyodro9n
as
how
Kaowh
oXL?en
OTTe_mo VC
reducin9 nt
Keacfiod -
amlos olo
Keolucfon
Cut H,O
cuo+
oxdaty on

-Cu0 s eeluceel f o CU

H oXldy saol to H, o
ent
u oxid Stn ag
Cuo

ALOl uCin
H eucan
Zh +
ZnO+ -
o
dats oh
seducel to 2n
Zno u CO
Co ke() i
oxI d daol to
Zhb iu oolusin 9 t
seducng ,

(20
 OXIolaon_
HS +
Hydao 9e eoluctron
ulh1de

Hs u o xdiol to 'S
SS
teduceel to H
As
HhSs Keolucing n
- l O ioluSin e n t
Reduch
,O
MnO,+ 4 tc Mnc t C t
O I A a h on
a n g enea

ouo XIde
r e o l u c e d
to Mn C,
MnO
MnO to C
Hcl s oId &ael ent.
dt Sing a
i s oxi
Mn
Hc2 TeduCng agent
e
ella
ac t a d
eel oX (h fcs m a da fron
oXIdat7oh
oXI
Khown
Loss electaon Khown a ealuctho
u
an
electro h
N a toxidlaor
N a t

Na
AlNOt

28
Na+ e
Na CKducthon)
2,
¬very day fe
Efects ox chation h
KlreL a twe fec
kancjoluty
 OO.SS|o n aMet als he pe Le

how eading mctols han erpa isd

t mo 4 ar br by R achon
Cha mi tals iKe acid is Kho Jn
Corossion Metas
ur
folown
ooW1ng
o o
two
SS| on
Conei h o a r t req

() fra ence oxyg en

Pra ence Mo1ture,
i uee
ucd metal._1t
Iron As o mmonly
he Co nutzuchon buildin, ti
for
and Tailway Lns,
Khouwn a
ron e
Jhe CororsIon a
oT Iron
When Iron
Iron.
Kusti n9 mo41 qiT
are ezho ied fo
Obyect on tk
for miel
red Csl our u hs tance
asKut
Sur facL Iro n, Kho wn Iron oXId
Tust is hy l r a t e d
Chemi cally,
Fe H°]
y elradeed
L Cron o XI da
Mo&d a T

'seVentron Kus hng_7oh -

Cah hrevented h a yy
aant on fhe &urface oh,
(22)
 e Aay e r bant acb a a beoelC

betwun ron and molt al

(2 t Can b brev enfeol urfa ce

Zinc on th
oaofton a
his Kho wh
Ton.
a ton
g alvaj prevenfed sy Cenve3hy
Can he ted
(3) usting thto alloy
- t a i n less
T o h and
The Iron

tainluteel L a alloy
hromjum
oik
the fat
When ets or
Kahciol1ty-
tn ' t h foscle l
g
raent laauant Sm
9 v Unp
XIdj&eol
aeri al o XIdatroh
amd tas el a l u to fke
tion CauA In
e o noi oT
olk r s e n t
Cehetton
fat ant S
mell
u n ploas
items marKeol by
fovd Rancj olity
Rancj oli ty
wn u
eisKho
ard as
of ng a n c jou f1y
Rancjouty
Dhder 9
he Pood o n f
wn a Rancid fo e
Kho Can be
olityO34
Rancj
Prevcnthon antr-o
antr- o XI dis Ihg
XI dsI
eolelj ng
nevended by Whuch
e e uhstances
a9ents I n f d .
Khown aa s
Khown
ae
oXI ola tion
pvevet t e
anti-oxioliáin9
ag ent,e
a n t d o l e CBA A)

utylated hy d rox y
-3)
ButyLat eol hy do xy toluene (BHT
Can kerevented by toalg
Ntrogen 9a4.
hat
u
the fond tn
las hc aga
tored
aue In
Why chis NIt n
w hni trog en.
heel
a Iheut 9 a4.
be revehfed by Keapin
Keebin
Jhu
Can
(3)J+ temberatue,

a ow
Fhe d beratu re
4lowg
ow tem
bea us
oxiolaftoh
down the rate
byNtoi
berevent ed
Can Co ntainer
Containea

ovd tn a r tg ht
e hereventee
by
ahci oltty
ean
om

Keeping the fvd away_

Suhdu hf

NoNSvS