BITS Pilani

presentation
BITS Pilani Dr Pubali Mandal
Department of Civil Engineering
Pilani Campus
 BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

CE F323: Introduction to
Environmental Engineering -
Lecture No. 01
Environment related Institutions and
Organisations: India

Initially, the Constitution of India did not contain any provision

towards the promotion/protection of environment.

However, the 42nd amendment of the constitution in 1977

added some important clauses that entrusted the government
the responsibility of providing a clean and well-protected
environment.

1/12/2024 CE F323 Introduction to Environmental Engineering 3 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Environment related Institutions and
Organisations

National Environmental Agencies

 The Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change

(MoEF&CC): Nodal agency in the administrative structure of the
Central Government, for planning, promoting, coordinating and
overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry
programmes in the country.

 The main activities include

-conservation and survey of the flora and fauna of India

-forests and other wilderness areas
-prevention and control of pollution
-afforestation and reducing land degradation
-It is responsible for the administration of the national parks of India

1/12/2024 CE F323 Introduction to Environmental Engineering 4 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Environment related Institutions and
Organisations

National Environmental Agencies

 Central Pollution Control Board: statutory organisation, constituted

in September, 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974. Further, CPCB was entrusted with the powers
and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981.
 It serves as a field formation and also provides technical services to
the Ministry of Environment and Forests of the provisions of the
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Principal functions of the CPCB-

(i) to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the

states by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution
(ii) to improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air
pollution in the country

1/12/2024 CE F323 Introduction to Environmental Engineering 5 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Environment related Institutions and
Organisations

National Environmental Agencies

 Indian Board for Wildlife : The IBWL is the apex advisory body in the
field of Wildlife Conservation in the country and is headed by the
Honorable Prime Minister of India.

1/12/2024 CE F323 Introduction to Environmental Engineering 6 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Environment related Institutions and
Organisations: International
International Environmental Agencies

 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): “Clean Up the World”

1/12/2024 CE F323 Introduction to Environmental Engineering 7 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Environment related Institutions and
Organisations: International

International Environmental Agencies

 World Health Organisation (WHO): “is the attainment by all peoples of

the highest possible level of health.”

 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO):

-It is a specialised agency of the United Nations with member states that
leads international efforts to defeat hunger.

1/12/2024 CE F323 Introduction to Environmental Engineering 8 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Environment related Institutions and
Organisations: International

 United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change

(UNFCCC):

Over a decade ago, most countries joined an international treaty — the

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) —
to begin to consider what can be done to reduce global warming and to
cope with whatever temperature increases are inevitable.

A number of nations approved an addition to the treaty: the Kyoto

Protocol, which has more powerful (and legally binding) measures.

1/12/2024 CE F323 Introduction to Environmental Engineering 9 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Environment related Institutions and
Organisations: International

 United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change

(UNFCCC): Kyoto Protocol

-Because economic development is vital for the world’s poorer countries

and because such progress is difficult to achieve even without the
complications added by climate change.

-the Convention accepts that the share of greenhouse gas emissions

produced by developing nations will grow in the coming years.

-It nonetheless seeks to help such countries limit emissions in ways that will
not hinder their economic progress.

-The Convention acknowledges the vulnerability of developing countries to

climate change and calls for special efforts to ease the consequences.

1/12/2024 CE F323 Introduction to Environmental Engineering 10 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Environment related Institutions and
Organisations: International

 United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change

(UNFCCC): Kyoto Protocol

1/12/2024 CE F323 Introduction to Environmental Engineering 11 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

Environment related Institutions and
Organisations: International

Superfund

-Thousands of contaminated sites exist nationally due to hazardous waste being

dumped, left out in the open, or otherwise improperly managed. These sites include
manufacturing facilities, processing plants, landfills and mining sites.

-In the late 1970s, toxic waste dumps such as Love Canal and Valley of the Drums
received national attention when the public learned about the risks to human health
and the environment posed by contaminated sites.

-In response, Congress established the Comprehensive Environmental Response,

Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) in 1980.

-When there is no viable responsible party, Superfund gives EPA the funds and
authority to clean up contaminated sites.

1/12/2024 CE F323 Introduction to Environmental Engineering 12 BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus