1.

Why does a person in a dangerous situation initially experience

an increased heart rate? Discuss both the biological reason for
this development and the reason that these changes be
beneficial. Include in your discussion the body systems that are
involved and three other physical reactions that are expected to
occur. The heart rate increase by way of a natural reaction from
arousal and sense of fear “Fight or flight”. When the
hypothalamus interprets a situation as dangerous
neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus releases, then it fires
neurons throughout the brain and releases a chemical. The
hypothalamus activates the autonomic system and the
endocrine system. We can see this as beneficial because it
controls the heartbeat, blood pressure and perspiration.
2. Compare and contrast acute stress disorder and posttraumatic
stress disorder. Acute stress disorder lasts a month and
posttraumatic stress disorder last for longer than a month. To
compare the two, both illnesses steam from combat, rape, an
earthquake, mass shooting, an airplane crash.
3. Imagine that a friend of yours has been a victim of sexual
assault (rape).
What are the short-term and long-term courses of her stress
response to being raped likely to be? Short term courses of her
stress may include her being emotional numb, enormous
distress in the first week, level of stress for the next three
weeks, some may be psychological better in three to four
months. Long term courses may include headaches, irritable
bowl syndrome, chronic pain, sleep difficulties, cardiovascular
issues, asthma and more.
4. Not all people who experience a traumatic event develop a
stress disorder. What are some biological reasons why some
people do, and others don’t? Some people who experience a
stress disorder because, they overly react to modest stressors
which may lock in brain and body dysfunction and the
continuing symptoms of PTSD.
5. Aside from biological factors, list and describe at least three
other factors affecting the development of PTSD.
Childhood experiences, Cognitive factors and coping styles.
Children who are chronically neglected, abuse or traumatized,
 Cognitive factors such as feelings or thoughts, and weak social
support example, victims of rap who have family members who
show they love and support them are completely different from
those who don’t get that same support.
6. Describe the developmental psychopathology explanation for
the occurrence of PTSD. Include timing, multifocality, and
equifinality in your response.
The development for the occurrence of PTSD have various
factors. Timing is when PTSD is form biologically from
predisposition, acquired, inherited overactivity in the brain-body
stress routes. Multifocality is when a personal is a certain way
in the beginning but change at the end point. Equifinality is
when different developmental pathways lead to the same end
point.

7. Describe three different treatments that have been effective in

treating combat veterans who are experiencing stress
disorders. Be specific about what happens during these
treatments.
Three Effective treatments with veterans who are experiencing
stress disorders is Antidepressant drug therapy, Cognitive-
behavioral therapy, couple or family therapy. Antidepressant
drug therapy are more helpful with the PTSD of increase of
arousal, negative emotions and is less effective for recurrent
negative memories, dissociation, and avoidance. Cognitive
behavior therapy the therapist guides the client to examine and
change the dysfunctional styles, attitudes they developed from
the traumatic experiences. Couple and family therapy is When
the therapist help the client communicate better, improve their
problem-solving skills and reestablish feelings closeness.
8. What is debriefing? Based on current research, what are the
pros and cons of using this technique?
Debriefing is when the therapist get clients to talk about the
traumatic event within days of it occurring. The cons are that
this may cause victims to dwell in the events causing stress
disorders. The pros is that it is said to be effective allowing
clients to get onsite treatment during the beginning stage of the
incident.
9. Describe localized, selective, generalized, and continuous
dissociative amnesia.
Dissociative amnesia is when someone is unable to recall
important event, its much more severe than forgetting,
Localized amnesia is a form of dissociative amnesia, its when
the person lose all memory which happened in a limited period
of time, usually begin with disturbing occurrence. Selective
amnesia is second most common its when you remember
something but not all events that took place during a period.
Generalized amnesia is when someone keep forgetting things
that happened in the present
10. Compare and contrast dissociative amnesia and dissociative
fugue.
Dissociative amnesia is when a person is unable to recall
important events, from stressful nature that happened in their
live such as trigger from trauma or upsetting events. Its more
extensive hand forgetting and not caused by physical trauma
like blow of the head, Amnesia Fugue is when a person forgets
their personal identities and details of their past lives but also
flee to an entirely different location.
11. Describe and provide examples of the three ways in which
alternate personalities might interact in someone experiencing
dissociative identity disorder.
Alternative personalities may interact as if the have two or more
personalities. Thy have unique set of memory, behaviors,
thoughts and emotions.
12. Describe how subpersonalities in dissociative identify disorder
differ.
The super personality may have different identifying features,
abilities, preferences, own names and psychological responses.
13. Describe state-dependent learning and how it relates to
dissociative identity disorder.
Different arousal may occur just like in dissociative identity
causing personality transition.
14. Describe in detail how treatment for dissociative identity
disorder might differ from treatment for dissociative amnesia or
for dissociative fugue.
Dissociative Amnesia disorder treatment consist of
psychodynamic therapy, drug therapy and hypnotic therapy,
which all depends on the needs of the client. Hypnotic therapy
 they guide them to recall their forgotten events. And
Dissociative Identity need treatment they focus i=on recognizing
the nature of the disorder, recover gap in memory, and integrate
the subpersonality into one functional personality.
15. In assessing someone for depersonalization-derealization
disorder, which characteristics would you look for?
Characteristics I would look for Is reoccurring events of
depersonalization and derealization.