South Asia Countries

1. Afghanistan
2. Bangladesh
3. Bhutan
4. India
5. Maldives
6. Nepal
7. Pakistan
8. Sri Lanka

Sikh Temple - Little India

Timeline
● Nurtured From Indus River - "Indus Valley Civilization”
● Aryans (Migrated)
● Mauryan Empire (Golden Age)
● Muslim Period
● European Rule
● Democracy

Mahatma Gandhi- Leader of Independence movement against British Colonialism

Religion

● Hinduism is diverse and includes various beliefs in deities, rituals, and scriptures.

● Buddhism, founded by Siddhartha Gautama, emphasizes the Four Noble Truths and the
Eightfold Path to attain enlightenment.

● Jainism, founded by Mahavira, focuses on non-violence, truth, and asceticism, with an

emphasis on avoiding harm to all living beings.

Indus Valley

Mohenjo-daro - ancient city in Pakistan. First to use bricks

Harappan Architecture - Invention of Wheels (Karwahe), sewage or drainage systems, grainery,

Great Bath (malaking swimming pool for religious purposes)

Buddhism - first to utilized space (large communal space)

Buddha- enlightened one

Siddhartha Gautama- founder of Buddhism. Prince siya na nag meditate

Dukkha - means suffering

Asoka- allowed buddhist structures to expand

Stupa- Bahay ng mga relic ni Buddha or other religous things

Parts of Stupa

1. Yasti or Axis: Central spire representing the cosmic axis and the path to enlightenment.
2. Harmika: Platform atop the yasti symbolizing the abode of divine beings and
stages of enlightenment.
3. Chattras: Umbrella-like structures on top of the harmika, symbolizing protection
and the honor of Buddha’s teachings.
4. Torana or Gateways: Decorative gateways surrounding the stupa, often adorned
with carvings depicting stories from Buddha’s life.
5. Chattra or Finial: Crowning ornament at the top, symbolizing the attainment of
enlightenment.
6. Mandala Base: Base designed as a mandala, aiding in meditation and
visualization.
7. Relic Chambers: Compartments within the stupa housing relics of the Buddha or
other revered figures.
8. Votive Structures: Smaller structures or shrines dedicated to deities or important
figures.
9. Pilgrimage Paths: Designated paths for circumambulation around the stupa
during pilgrimages.
10. Inscription Plates: Plates with inscriptions providing information about the stupa’s
history or construction.