ENGINEERING DRAWING

(MEG 211)
LECTURE 3

GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION:
POLYGONS AND TANGENCY
 TOPICS/
SCHEDULE
Int
roduc
tion

Int
roduc
tion t
o dr
awi
ng i
nst
rument
s andt
hei
rpr
operuse

Useofsc
ales,
li
newor
k,let
ter
ing

Di
mensi
oni
ng

Polygons,
Tangenc
y,Loc
i: pat
hs ofpoi
nts ofsi
mplemec
hani
sm

Loc
i: Cam pr
ofi
le,
elli
pse,
hyper
bola,
par
abola,
inv
olut
e,c
ycloi
ds

Or
thogr
aphi
cpr
ojec
tion i
n 1stand3rdAngle

Isomet
ri
cpr
ojec
tion andobli
quepr
ojec
tion

Isomet
ri
cpr
ojec
tions f
rom or
thogr
aphi
cpr
ojec
tion
Polygons
eplanef
1. ar igur
es bounded VERTEX(
orCor
ner
)
by afini
techai
n ofstr
aight
li
nesegment sclosi
ng i
na
loop t
oform aclosedchain
orc i
rcui
t.

2. Thesesegment s ar
ecalled
it
s edges orsi
des
O

3. Thepoints wheret wo edges

meetaret hepolygon's
ver
ti
ces orc or
ners
SIDE (
orFlat
)
REGULAR HEXAGON:
Given The Distance Across Flats
1. Dr
awacircleofdiameterequal
t
othegi
ven di
stance.

2. Drawv ert
ical andhor
iz
ontal
li
nes acr
oss thediameter
.
60° 60°

3. WiththeTee-
square,dr
aw
tangent
stothecir
cleatthet
op
andbelowthecir
cle.

4. Witht he600 setsquar e

correctly plac
edon theTee- O
squaredr awt angent
stothe
ci
rcles.

5. J
ointhet
angent
s,as requi
red,
t
o pr
oduc
ethegiven hexagon
60° 60°

Note:A regularoct
agon can be
produc edwiththeprocedures abov
e
using 45 setsquar
0 es
REGULAR HEXAGON:
Given the Distance Across Corners
1. Draw a circle of
diameter equal to the
given distance

2. Draw vertical and

horizontal lines across
the diameter to
intercept at O

O
3. Using the ends of the
line as starting point
step off the radius of
the circle round it

4. Join the points to

draw the hexagon
REGULAR OCTAGON:
Given the Distance Across Corners
1. Draw a circle of A
diameter equal to
the given distance
G E

2. Draw vertical and

horizontal lines
through centre O to
intercept the circle
at A, B, C & D.
450 450
450 450
O D
3. With the 450 set C
square, draw two 450 450
cross lines through 450 450
centre O to
intersect the circle
at E, F, G & H.

F H
4. Join all the
interceptions to
obtain the octagon
(A-E-D-H-B-F-C-G- B
A)
REGULAR PENTAGON
K
1. Draw the given line AB

RA B
2. With A as centre draw a circle RA
B
RA
of radius AB B

3. With B as centre draw a circle H

of radius AB to intersect the J C
previous circle at C and D
4. Draw a line through C and D
5. With centre D draw a circle of RA
B
radius AB to intersect the G
previous circles at E and F and
line CD at G A B
6. Draw a line through E and G

B
RA
to intersect the second circle
at H
7. Draw a line through F and G to
intersect the first circle at J
E F
D
8. With centres H and J and

B
radius AB, draw arcs to meet
at K RA
9. Join points AJKHB to complete
the pentagon
REGULAR POLY GONS
1. Draw the given side AB
and bisect
2. Draw a line through A RAB
inclined at 450 using 450 RAB
set square to intersect the
bisection line at 4
10
3. Draw a line through B
inclined at 600 using 600 RAB 9
set square to intersect the
bisection line at 6
8
4. Bisect 4 and 6 to obtain 5 RAB
7
5. Step off arcs 4-5 starting
from 6 to produce 7, 8, 9, 6
…, n

7
5

RA
6. To draw a heptagon, use RA
point 7 as centre to draw B
a circle passing through A 4
and B
450 600
7. Starting from A, step off A
arcs on the circle with B
radius AB
8. Join the intersections
together to complete a
regular heptagon
WHAT IS A TANGENT?
■ A tangent to a curve is a straight line that touches the circle
at only one point.

■ A tangent is perpendicular to the radius of a circle drawn at

the point where the tangent meets the circle.

■ Tangents can be drawn to meet any curve (recall when you

found slope/gradient of quadratic/polynomial curve at a
given point).

■ Tangents are common in engineering drawing.

To Draw Tangent to a Circle
from any Point on the
Circum ference
1.Drawther adi
us
oftheci
rcle.
2.Constr
uc tan
angle90 from
thepointwher e
theradius cr
osses
the
cir
cumf erence.
To Draw a Tangent from
Any Point P to a Circle
1. Draw the given
circle and locate
point P
2. Join OP
A
3. Bisect OP
4. Draw a Semi
circle from O to
P
cut circle at A.
O
5. Join AP
6. AP is the
required tangent
To Construct a Com m on Tangent to
Tw o Equal Circles

1.J
oint
hec
ent
res oft
het
wo c
irc
les.
2.Fr
om eac
hcent
re,
const
ruc
tli
nes at90 t
othec
ent
reli
ne.
3.J
oint
hepoi
nts ofi
nter
sec
tion t
o gi
vet
het
angent
s.
To Construct a Com m on Cross
Tangent to Tw o Equal Circles
1.J
oinc
ent
res ofc
irc
le.
2.Bi
sec
tO-O1 t
o gi
veA.
3.Bi
sec
tOA t
o gi
veB.
4.Dr
awasemi
-
cir
clewi
thr
adi
us OB andc
ent
reB t
ocutc
irc
leatC.
5.Loc
ateD on sec
ondc
irc
lewi
thAC=AD.
6.J
oin C-D

RA
C
O O1
B
A

C
To Construct a Com m on Tangent to
Tw o UNEqual Circles
1. Join centres of
circle.
2. Bisect O-O1 to
give A.
3. Draw a semi-
circle with
radius OA and
centre A C

4. Draw a circle B
centre O with
radius R-r to D
cut semi-circle R
at B.
R-
r A O1
5. Draw a line O
through OB to r
cut the first
circle at C
6. Draw line O1D
//OC.
7. Join CD.
To Constr
uctaCr
oss Tangentt
o Two UNEqual
Circles
1. J
oinc
ent
res ofc
irc
le.
2. Bi
sec
tO-O1 t
o gi
veA.
3. Dr
awasemi -
ci
rcle
wi
thr
adi
us OA. B

4. Drawac i
rclecentre C
O wi
thradi
us (R+r)
tocutsemi-ci
rcleat R+r
B. r
R
5. DrawOB tocutlager
ci
rcleatC. O A
O1

6. DrawO1D par
allelt
o D
OB.
7. J
oin CD
To Construct a Curve Tangential
to tw o Perp endicular lines
Radius of the curve is R
1. With centre A and radius
R, draw arcs to cut lines at
B and C.
B
2. With centres B and C,
R
radius R, draw arcs to
intersect at O.
3. With O as centre draw the R

required curve. R
R

A
C
To Construct a Curve Tangential
to tw o Lines
1. Const ruc tlines
parallelt ot helines
atadi st anc er away
toi
nt er sec tatO.

2. Drawtherequir
ed
curv
ewithc ent
reO
andradi
us r.
r

r O

r
To Construct a Curve OF radius R Tangential to a Line and a Circle
of radius r
1.Const
ructalinepar
allelt
o
thegi
ven li
ne
2.From centreofc i
rc le,dr
aw
an arc,
radius R+r t o
i
nt er
sectthepar allelli
neat
O.
3.Drawtherequir
edc
urv
efr
om
O wi
thradi
us R. R+
r

B
O

R r
R R
To Construct a Curve Tangential
to Tw o Circles
To construct tangential
curve of radius R externally
to two circles of radius r1
and r2
O
1. Draw the two given
circles of radius r1 and

R+r
r2, with centres A and B

2
R
respectively

R+r
1
2. With centre A and
radius R+r1, draw an arc
3. With centre B and A
B
radius R+r2, draw an arc
to intersect the first arc r
1 r
2
at O
4. With centre O and
radius R draw the
required tangent
To Construct a Curve
Tangential to Tw o Circles
1. To construct tangential
curve of radius R
internally to two circles of
radius r1 and r2

2. Draw the two given

O
circles of radius r1 and r2,

r
R-2
with centres A and B

r
R-1
respectively

R
3. With centre A and radius
R-r1, draw an arc B
A

r
r
1

2
4. With centre B and radius
R-r2, draw an arc to
intersect the first arc at O.

5. With centre O and radius

R draw the required
tangent
END OF LECTURE 3
 SELFPRACTICE

SP 002
TO BE SUBMITTED ON TUESDAY 19thMARCHBY
12.
00NOON
Q1(a): Construct a
nonagon of sides AB
= 50 mm
10

4
600
450

A B
Q1(b):
■ CONSTRUCT A PENTAGON OFSIDES 50mm

■ CONSTRUCT AN HEXAGON A/
C OFDIAMETER 60mm

■ CONSTRUCT AN HEXAGON A/
FOFDIAMETER 60mm
Q1(C):
■ CONSTRUCT A SCALENE TRIANGLE OFANY CONVENIENT SIDES AND
INSCRIBE A CIRCLE IN IT.

■ CONSTRUCT A SCALENE TRIANGLE OFANY CONVENIENT SIDES AND

CIRCUMSCRIBE A CIRCLE IN IT.

■ DRAW A LINE OFANY CONVENIENT LENGTHAND BISECT IT.

■ DRAW A LINE OFANY CONVENIENT LENGTHAND DIVIDE IT IN THE

RATIO 3:5.

■ DRAW AN ACUTE ANGLE AND BISECT INTO TWO.

Q2: DrawA Tangentto aCi
rcleOFRADIUS 30mm f
rom
any Pointon t
heCir
cumf er
enc e
Q3: Dr
awaTangentf r
om Any PointP
to aCi
rcleofradius 50mm. P IS
OUTSIDE THE CIRCLE.

P
O
Q4: Const
ruc
taCommon Tangentt
o Two Equal Ci
rcles OF
RADIUS 40mm AND 110mm APART.
Q5: Const r
uctaCommon Cross Tangentt
o Two Equal
Ci
rc les OFRADIUS 40mm AND 110mm APART.

O B O1

C
Q6: Const
ruc
taCommon Tangentt
o Two Unequal Ci
rcles OFRADIUS
50mm &30mm RESPECTIVELY &120mm APART.

B
D
R

R-
r O1
O A
r
Q7: Const
ruc
taCross Tangentt
o Two UNEqual Ci
rcles OF50mm &30
mm RESPECTIVELY &120mm APART.

R+r r
R

O O1
A

D
Q8: Const
ructaCur v
eOFRADIUS 30mm Tangent
ial t
otwo
Perpendic
ularli
nes

B
R

R
R

A
C
Q9: Const
ruc
taCur
veOFRADIUS 20mm Tangent
ial t
otwo Li
nes
WHICHSUBTENDS ANGLE 30 WITHEACHOTHER.

r O

r
Q10: Const
ructaCurveOFRADIUS 30
mm Tangent i
al t
otwo Li
nes WHICH
SUBTENDS ANGLE 120 WITHEACH
OTHER.
Q11: Const
ructaCurveOFr
adius R=50mm Tangent i
al t
o aLi
neanda
Ci
rcleofradius r=30mm.THE LINE IS 50mm AWAY FROM THE CENTRE
OFTHE CIRCLE
Q12: REPRODUCE THE FIGURE BELOW
Q13: REPRODUCE THE FIGURE BELOW
Q14: REPRODUCE THE FIGURE BELOW
Q15: REPRODUCE THE FIGURE BELOW