Isi nke mbu: Nkọwa, njirimara asụsụ na uru asụsụ bara.

Chapter 1: Definition, characteristics of language and value of language.

● Esperanto bụ otu ọmụmaatụ asụsụ nke a chọpụtara na ngwụcha senchuri iri na iteghete maka
izikọrita ozi na azụmahia.
Esperanto is an example of a language that was discovered in the late nineteenth century for
communication and business.
● Ndi họpụtara asụsụ a bụ wazobia, họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ asụsụ ga ejikọ Naijiria ọnụ
Those who chose this language known as Wazobia, chose it to be the language that will unite
Nigeria
● Asụsụ bụ usoro mmadụ na-abụghi anụmanụ si ezipụta echiche, mmetute ahụ na mmasi nke ya.
Language is man’s way of expressing his thoughts, feelings and interests.
● uru asụsụ bara: eji ya ezipụta echiche mmadụ, mmadụ ji ya ezikọrita ozi, mmadụ ji ya enwe
mmekọrita, mmadụ ji asụsụ aghọta ibe ya, eji ya efe ofufe, eji ya akwalite omenala na ọdibendi.
The value of language: it is used to express people’s thoughts, people use it to communicate,
people use it to have relationships, people use language to understand each other, use it to
worship, use it to promote culture and tradition.

Ajụjụ / Questions

1. otu n'ime ndia bụ ọmụmaatụ asụsụ

One of these is an example of language

a) asụsụ mmadụ
b) asụsụ echiche
c) asụsụ mmekọrita
d) asụsụ esperanto

2. Gini bụ usoro mmadụ si ezipụta echiche ya

What is the process by which a person expresses his thoughts

a) omenala

b) asụsụ
 c) nzikọrita ozi

3. Otu n'ime ndia abughi uru asusu bara

One of these is not the value of language

a) igwu egwu

b) izipụta echiche

c) ife ofufe

d) inwe mmekọrita

4. kedụ ndi họputara asụsụ esperanto

Who chose the language Esperanto

a) ndi Naijiria

b) ndi Wazobia

c) ndi ozi

Aziza : 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-b

Isi nke abuọ: Mkpụrụedide igbo

Chapter Two: Igbo Alphabets

● Mkpụrụ edide bu usoro ihafe echiche, ọnọdụ, emume, site n'okwu ọnụ na n'ụdị ederede.
 Alphabets is the process of transferring thoughts, situations, actions from spoken word to
writing.
● Igbo nwere mkpụrụ edide iri atọ na isii. ha bụ :
Igbo has 36 alphabets. They are :
● a b ch d e f g gb gh gw h i j k kp kw l m n ñ nw ny o ọ p r s sh t u ụ v w y z
● Ekewara mkpụrụedide igbo ụzọ abụọ; ụdaume na mgbochiume.
The Igbo alphabet is divided into two parts; vowels and consonants
● Ụdaume di asatọ. ha bụ ; a, e, i, ị, o, ọ, u, ụ
There are Eight vowels. They are ; a, e, ị, I, ọ, o, ụ, u
● Mgbochiume di iri abụọ na asato. ha bụ ; b, ch, d, f, g, gb, gh, gw, h, j, k, kp, kw, l, m, n, ñ, nw, ny,
p, r, s, sh, t, v, w, y, z.
There are twenty eight consonants. They are ; b, ch, d, f, g, gb, gh, gw, h, j, k, kp, kw, l, m, n, ñ,
nw, ny, p, r, s, sh, t, v, w, y, z.
● Ekewara ụdaume ụzọ abụọ, ha bụ; ụda mfe (a, ị, ọ, ụ) na ụda arọ (e, i, o, u)
Vowels are divided into two, they are; Light vowels (a, ị, ọ, ụ) and heavy vowels (e, I, o, u)
● Ekewara mgbochiume ụzọ abụọ, ha bụ; ụdamkpị ( ch, gb, gh, gw, kp, kw, nw, ny, sh) na ụdange (
b, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, ñ, p, r, s, t, v, w, y, z, )

Consonants are divided into two, they are; Diphthongs (ch, gb, gh, gw, kp, kw, nw, ny, sh)
and Monothongs (b, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, ñ, p, r, s , t, v, w, y, z, )

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. mkpụrụ edide ole ka igbo nwere

How many alphabet does the Igbo language have

a) iri atọ

b) iri abụọ na iteghete

c) iri atọ na isii

2. mkpụrụ edide di ụzọ abụọ. ha bụ

There are two kinds of alphabets. They are

 a) ụdaume na mgbochiume

b) udaelu na udaala

c) udaume na mkpiume

3. ụdaume ụzọ abụọ enwere bụ

The two vowels we have are

a) ụdachii na ụdarii

b) ụdange na ụdamkpi

c) ụdamfe na ụdaarọ

4. mgbochiume ụzọ abụọ enwere bụ

There are two types of Consonants, _&_

a) ụdange na ụdamkpi

b) ụdaarọ na ụdamfe

c) ụdaelu na ụdachiume

5. ụdaume igbo di ole

How many Igbo vowels are

a) atọ

b) iri abụọ

c) asatọ
6. mgbochiume igbo di ole

How many Igbo consonants are there?

a) iri abụọ na atọ

b) iri abụọ na asatọ

c) iri atọ na asatọ

7. otu n'ime ndia abụrọ ụdamfe

One of these is not a light vowel

a) a

b) e

c) ị

d) ụ

8. otu n'ime ndia abụrọ ụdampki

One of these is not a diphthong

a) ch

b) gb

c) gw

d) gp

9. ____ bu usoro ihafe echiche, ọnọdụ, emume, site n'okwu ọnụ na n'ụdị ederede.

a) mkpụrụ asụsụ

b) mkpụrụ edide

c) Esperanto
 d) mkpụrụ ụda asụsụ

Aziza; 1-c, 2-a, 3-c, 4-a, 5-c, 6-b, 7-b, 8-d, 9-b

Isi nke atọ: Njiakpọ okwu

Chapter 3 : Organs of speech

● Njiakpọ bụ akụkụ ahụ ndi eji akpọpụta mkpụrụụdaasụsụ. Ha bụ akụkụ ahụ ndi ahụ
na-emekọrita iji mepụta ụda

Organs of speech are parts of the body that are used to pronounce words. They are the parts of the body
that work together to create sound

● Ebee enwere ike ihụ njiakpọ bu n'imi, ọnụ na akpiri.

Organs of speech are located at the nose, mouth and throat.

● njiakpọ di n'imi bụ ụjị imi. ụda a na-emepụta n'ụjị imi bụ ụdaimi. Ha bụ /m, n, ñ, ñw, π/

Organs of speech in the nose is called nasal cavity. the sound produced in the nasal cavity is nasal. They
are /m, n, ñ, ñw, π/

● njiakpọ ndi di n'ọnụ bụ; egbugbere ọnụ, eze, anyụrụ, akpo, ire, na ụji ọnụ.

Organs of speech in the mouth are; lips, teeth, mouth, lips, tongue, and mouth.

● na mpụta ọnụ ka egbugbereọnụ di.

The lips is located in the outer part of the mouth

● ihe mbụ a ga-ahụ ma ekpughee egbugbere ọnụ bụ eze

the first thing to see when the lips are exposed is the teeth

● anyụrụ bụ ukwu eze. ọ bụ njiakpọ jụụ n'ihi na ọ naghi emeghari emeghari.

Alveolar is the root of the tooth. it's a passive articulator because it doesn’t make any movement.
 ● akpo di n'azụ anyụrụ. ọ di ụzọ atọ; akpo ike, akpo nro na ọdụ akpo .

The palate is behind the alveolar. it has three types; hard palate, soft palate and lower palate.

● ire bụ abaaba anụ di n'ime ọnụ. ire di ụzọ anọ; ọnụ ire, ihu ire, azụ ire na ukwu ire.

The tongue is a piece of flesh inside the mouth. Four sides of the tongue are; the tip of the tongue, the
front of the tongue, the back of the tongue and the base of the tongue.

● Oghere di n'etiti ire na akpo wee gbadaa bụ ụji ọnụ. ọ bụ na ya ka ikuku na-esi apụ n'ọnụ

The space between the tongue and the palate and down is the oral cavity. it is through it that the air
comes out of the mouth

● njiakpọ ndi di n'akpiri bụ ; ụvụla, nkọlọ, ogwooro, mkpọụda, eko akpiri na akpa ikuku.

The Organs of speech in the throat are; uvula, pharynx, larynx, vocal cords, glottis, and lungs.

● nkọlọ jikọrọ ụjị imi na ụji ọnụ

The pharynx binds the nasal cavity and the oral cavity

● mkpọụda ma jijiji.oge a na-akpọpụta mkpụrụụdaasụsụ, ụdi ụda a na-emepụta bụ ụdampụta.

If the vocal cords vibrate during sound production, a voiced sound is produced

● Ọrụ akpa ikuku n'ahụ mmadụ bụ iku ume.

The function of the lungs in the human body is to breathe.

● ụdi njiakpọ enwere bụ; njiakpọ ike na njiakpọ jụụ

The classification of Organ of speech are; active articulator and passive articulator

● njiakpọ ike bụ ndi na-aka emeghari emeghari mgbe a na-akpọpụta ụda. ha bụ ; egbugbere ọnụ
ala , ire, eze ala, na ọdụ akpo.

The active articulators are those that move themselves often when a sound is made. they are ; lower lip,
tongue, lower teeth, and lower palate.

● njiakpọ jụụ bụ ndi anaghi emeghari emeghari mgbe a na-akpọpụta ụda. ha bụ; egbugbere ọnụ
elu, eze elu, akpo na nkọlọ.

Passive articulators are those that do not move themselves when the sound is pronounced. they are;
upper lip, upper teeth, palate and pharynx.

● Ụdi nnọkọ njiakpọ anọ bụ; nnọkọ mkpaghe, nnọkọ mkpaghetụ, nnọkọ mkpachi na nnọkọ
mkpachitụ.
The four types of Speech/ Sound articulation are; Total continuation, Partial continuation, Total
obstruction, Partial obstruction.

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. akụkụ ahụ ndi eji akpọpụta mkpụrụụdaasụsụ bụ

The parts of the body that are used to pronounce words are

a) njiakpọ

b) ụdaasụsụ

c) mkpọpụta

2. enweghi ike ihu njiakpọ n'otu n'ime ndia

Organs of speech cannot be found in one of these

a) n'imi

b) n'akpiri

c) n'ikuku

d) n'ọnụ

3. njiakpọ di n'imi bụ

The Organ of speech in the nose is

a) nji imi

b) ụji imi

c) akpo imi
4. ụda a na-emepụta n'ụjị imi bụ

the sound produced in the nasal cavity is called

a) ụda ụji imi

b) nji imi

c) ụdaimi

5. ebee ka egbugbereọnụ di

where are the lips located

a) n'ime ọnụ

b) na mpụta ọnụ

c) n'azụ ọnụ

6. otu n'ime ndia abụghi njiakpọ ndi di n'ọnụ

One of these is not an organ of speech in the mouth

a) egbugbereọnụ

b) ire

c) anyuru

d) eze

7. ihe mbụ a ga-ahụ ma ekpughee egbugbere ọnụ bụ ____

the first thing to be seen when the lips are exposed is ____
a) eze

b) ire

c) akpo

8. ____ bụ ukwu eze

____ is the root of the tooth

a) akpo

b) ụvụla

c) anyụrụ

9. ____ di n'azụ anyụrụ

____ is behind the alveolar

a) akpo

b) ụvụla

c) eko akpiri

10. abaaba anụ di n'ime ọnụ ____

The piece of flesh in the mouth ____

a) akpo

b) ire

c) ụvụla
11. otu n'ime ndia abughi ụdi akpo

one of these is not the type of palate

a) akpo ike

b) akpo juu

c) akpo nro

d) ọdụ akpo

12. Oghere di n'etiti ire na akpo wee gbadaa bụ

The space between the tongue and the palate and then downward is

a) uji ọnụ

b) ụjị akpo

c) ọnụ ire

13. otu n'ime ndia abughi njiakpọ ndi di n'akpiri

One of these is not an organ of speech found in the throat

a) ụvụla

b) nkọlọ

c) akpọụda

d) mkpọụda

14. ___ jikọrọ ụjị imi na ụji ọnụ

___ connects the nasal cavity and oral cavity

a) nkọlọ

b) ụvụla

c) akpọụda

15. mkpọụda ma jijiji oge a na-akpọpụta mkpụrụụdaasụsụ, ụdi ụda a na-emepụta bụ

If the vocal cords vibrate during sound production, __ sound produced is

a) ụdajii

b) mkpụrụụda

c) ụdampụta

16. ụdi njiakpọ enwere bụ

The classifications of Organs of speech are

a) njiakpọ elu na njiakpọ ala

b) njiakpọ ike na njiakpọ jụụ

c) njiakpọ ụda na njiakpọ asụsụ

17. njiakpọ ndi na-aka emeghari emeghari mgbe a na-akpọpụta ụda bụ

The Organs of speech that move themselves often when the sound is pronounced are

a) njiakpọ ike

b) njiakpọ ụda
c) njịakpọ elu

18. njiakpọ ndi anaghi emeghari emeghari mgbe a na-akpọpụta ụda bụ

The Organs of speech that don’t move themselves when the sound is pronounced are

a) njiakpọ ike

b) njiakpọ ụda

c) njịakpọ elu

d) njiakpọ jụụ

19. nke na-abụghi Ụdi nnọkọ njiakpọ anọ bụ nnọkọ ...

which is not one of the four types of Speech articulation

a) mkpachitu

b) mkpaghe

c) mkpachaa

d) mkpaghetu

20. otu n'ime ndia abụghi njiakpọ jụụ

One of these is not a passive articulator

a) egbugbere ọnụ elu

b) akpo

c) nkọlọ

d) ire
21. kedụ nke bụ njiakpọ ike

which of these is an active articulator

a) egbugbere ọnụ elu

b) ọdụ akpo

c) nkọlọ

d) eze elu

Aziza: 1-a , 2-c , 3-b , 4-c , 5-b , 6-c , 7-a , 8-c , 9-a , 10-b , 11-b , 12-a , 13-c , 14-a , 15-c , 16-b , 17-a , 18-d
, 19-c , 20-d , 21-b

Isi nke anọ: Myiriụdaume

Chapter Four : Semi Vowel ( syllabic nasal)

● Myiriụdaume bụ mkpụrụedide ndi ahụ a na ahụ ka mgbochiume mana ha na-akpa agwa dika
ụdaume.
Semi vowels are alphabets that look like consonants but behave like vowels.
● Na sayensị akpọmụda, etụ esi ede myiriụdaume bụ /ṅ/
In phonetic science, the semi vowel is noted as /ṅ/
● Ndiiche di n'etiti myiriụdaume na ụdaume bụ na a na-esi n'imi akpọpụta myiriụdaume.
 The difference between Semi vowels and vowels is that semi vowels are pronounced through
the nose.( E.g. ncha, ndi, nga ,nghọta)
● Myiriụdaume enwere n'igbo di abụọ: M na N
Semi vowels are two : M and N
● Na mkpụruụokwu, myiriụdaume gachaa mgbochiume esote ya
In a piece of word, the semi vowel is followed by the consonant
● Ndagba myiriụdaume bu iwu nsupe na-ekwu na myiriụdaume ọbụla nwere mgbochiume ya na
ya na-agakọ na mkpụrụokwu.
Syllabic homogeneity is a spelling rule that states that every Semi vowel has a consonant that
goes with it in a word.
● mgbochiume ndi ya na M na-esote bụ : b, f, gb, m, kp, p, v, w, y. (E.g. mbọ, mfe, mgba, mma,
mkpa, mpe, mvọ, mwute, myọ)
The consonants that follow M are: b, f, gb, m, kp, p, v, w, y. (E.g. Finger, ease, fight, good, need,
short, comb, sad, sieve)
● mgbochiume ndi ha na N na-esote bu ; ch, d, g, gh, gw, h, j, k, kw, l, n, ñ, nw, ny, r, s, sh, t, z. The
consonants with the following N are ; ch, d, g, gh, gw, h, j, k, kw, l, n, ñ, nw, ny, r, s, sh, t, z. (E.g.
soap, people, prison, understanding)

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. mkpụrụedide ndi ahụ na-akpa agwa ka ụdaume mana a na-ahụta ha ka mgbochiume bụ

Those alphabets that act like vowels but are considered consonants are

a) mkpụrụ ụdaume

b) myiriụdaụme

c) myiriume

2. ndiiche di n'etiti myiriụdaume na ụdaume bụ

The difference between semi vowels and vowels is

a) a na-esi n'imi akpọpụta myiriụdaume

b) a na-esi n'imi akpọpụta ụdaume

c) ha enweghi ndiiche
 3. myiriụdaume igbo di abụọ, ___ na ____

There are two types of semi vowels, ___ and ____

a) M na Y

b) M na N

c) M na Ñ

4. Na mkpụrụokwu, myiriụdaume gachaa _____ esote ya

In words, semi vowel is followed by _____

a) ụdaume

b) myiriume

c) mgbochiume

5. Ndagba myiriụdaume bụ

Syllabic homogeneity is a ___

a) iwu nsupe

b) iwu agakọ

c) iwu ndagba

6. Na sayensị akpọmụda, etụ esi ede myiriụdaume bu

In phonetic science, the semi vowel is noted as

a) /ǹ/

b) /ḿ/

c) / ny/
 d) /ṅ/

Aziza: 1-b, 2-a, 3-b, 4-c, 5-a, 6-d

Isi nke ise: Nkejiokwu

Chapter 5 : Word syllables

● Nkejiokwu bụ nkeripụ a na-ekeripụ mkpụrụokwu mgbe a na-akpọpụta ya. Nkejiokwu bụ kwazi

ihe na-egosi nkebi ole na ole mkpụrụ okwu ọbụla nwere.

Syllables are the parts into which words are divided when they are pronounced. A Syllable is also a unit
that shows the parts of a word.

● ihe eji emebe maọbụ ezipụta nkejiokwu bụ usoroụda.

the Sound system is used to make or express a Syllable.

● Ihe ndị mebere nkeji okwu bu ; ụdaume, mgbochiume, na myiriụdaume.

The things that make up a Syllable are ; Vowels, consonants and semi vowels.

● Nkejiokwu na ụdaolu yitere onwe ha.

Syllables and Intonation are similar to each other.

● ụdaolu bụ ihe eji ama olu e jiri kpọpụta mkpụrụokwu.

Intonations are the tones used to pronounce words.

● njikọrọ nkejiokwu na mkpụrụasụsụ nwere bụ na ha abụọ na-esi n'ikeji mkpụrụokwu ekeji were
arụ ọrụ ha.

The connection between word Syllable and Stress Syllable is that both of them function from the division
of words.

● mkpụrụokwu ọbụla nwere nkejiokwu ole ha nwere. ji- otu nkejiokwu, i/si- nkejiokwu abụọ,
chi/ọ/ma- nkejiokwu atọ, n/da/kọ/ri/ta- nkejiokwu ise, wdg.

Each word has its own number of syllables. Ji- one syllable, i/si- two syllables, chi/o/ma- three syllables,
n/da/ko/ri/ta- five syllables, etc.
Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. __ bu ihe na-egosi nkebi ole na ole mkpụrụ okwu ọbụla nwere

____ a unit that shows the parts of a word

a) nkebiokwu

b) nkejiokwu

c) nkeripuokwu

2. ihe eji ezipụta nkejiokwu bụ

what is used to express the Syllable is

a) usoroụda

b) nkejiahiri

c) ụdaolu

3. nkejiokwu na ____ yitere onwe ha

Syllable and ____ are similar to each other

a) mkpụrụokwu

b) ụdaolu

c) usoroụda

4. ihe eji ama olu eji akpọpụta mkpụrụokwu bụ

what is used to know the tone used to pronounce words is

a) olundi

b) ụdachi

c) ụdaolu

5. nkejiokwu na ___ na-esi na ikeji mkpụrụokwu arụ orụ ha

Word syllables and ___ perform their function through division of words

a) mkpụrụasụsụ

b) nkebiokwu

c) ụdaolu

Aziza; 1-b , 2-a , 3-b , 4-c , 5-a ,

Isi nke Isii : Ụdaolu

Chapter 6: Intonation

● ụdaolu bụ etu olu mmadụ si agbago, agbadata maọbụ asụda mgbe a na-akpọpụta ma ọ bu na
ekwu okwu. . ihe na-egosi ụdi ụda mkpụrụokwu ọbụla na-enwe bụ ogoolu.
Intonation shows the pitch or vocal range of a person when pronouncing words. What indicates the
sound of each word is pitch.

● enwere ụdi ụdaolu atọ. ha bụ; ụdaelu, ụdaala na ụdansụda.

There are three types of Intonation. They are; High tone, low tone and Mid tone.

● akara udaolu bụ akara eji amata ogoolu eji kpọputa okwu

A Tone mark is a mark used to indicate the pitch of a word pronunciation .

● enwere akaraụdaolu atọ. ha bụ; akara ụdaelu(‘), akara ụdaala (’), na akara ụdansụda (-)

There are three Tone marks. They are; acute diacritic (‘), grave diacritic (’), and macron (-)

● Ogoolu mmadụ na-ari elu mgbe a na-akpọpụta Ụdaelu.

When a person's pitch or vocal range rises, a high tone is produced.

● Ogoolu mmadụ na-agbada ala mgbe a na-akpọpụta Ụdaala.

When a person's pitch or vocal range falls , a low tone is produced.

● A na-etinye ụda nsụda mgbe ogoolu mmadụ arichaghi elu ma ọ gbadachaghi ala.

A mid tone is used when a persons vocal range does not fully rise or fall.

● Uru akara ụdaolu bụ na eji ya ezipụta ndiiche n'okwu abụọ yiri onwe ha.

The benefits of Tone marks is to distinguish between two words that look alike.

Questions/ Ajụjụ

1. ____ bụ etu olu mmadụ si agbago, agbadata maọbụ asụda mgbe a na-akpọpụta ma ọ bu na ekwu
okwu

____ shows the vocal range or pitch of people when they are pronouncing words

a) nkejiokwu

b) nkejiolu

c) ụdaolu
2. Ogoolu mmadụ na-agbada ala mgbe a na-akpọpụta ___

When a person's pitch or vocal range falls , ___is produced

a) ụdaelu

b) ụdaala

c) ụdachi

d) ụdansụda

3. A na-etinye ___ mgbe ogoolu mmadụ arichaghi elu ma ọ gbadachaghi ala.

____ is used when a persons vocal range does not fully rise or fall.

a) ụdaelu

b) ụdaala

c) ụdachi

d) ụdansụda

4. Ogoolu mmadụ na-ari elu mgbe a na-akpọpụta __

When a person's pitch or vocal range rises, ___ is produced

a) ụdaelu

b) ụdaala

c) ụdachi

d) ụdansụda

5. otu n'ime ndia esoghi na ụdaolu enwere

one of these is not among the tones used in Igbo

a) ụdaelu

b) ụdaala

c) ụdachi

d) ụdansụda

6. __ bụ akara eji amata ogoolu eji kpọputa okwu

___ is the mark used to indicate the pitch of a word pronunciation .

a) akara ụda

b) akara ụdaolu

c) akara ogoolu

7. akara (_) bụ akara ____

The symbol (_) is the ____ symbol

a) ụdaelu

b) ụdansụda

c) ụdaala

8. Uru akara ụdaolu bụ na eji ya ezipụta __

The benefits of Tone marks is to __

a) igosi ụdaokwu

b) igosi nkejiokwu

c) igosi ndiiche okwu abụọ

Answers; 1-c, 2-b, 3-d, 4-a, 5-c, 6-b, 7-b, 8-c

Isi nke asaa : Mkpọaha

Chapter 7: Norminal

● Mkpọaha bụ otu n'ime nkeji asụsụ e nwere n'igbo.

Norminals are one of the basic units of language.

● mkpọaha bụ mkpụrụokwu eji ahụba ihe ama.

Norminals are words used to identify things.

● Ngalaba mkpọaha bụ ndia; Aha, Nnọchiaha, Ọnụọgụgụ, Njụajụjụ.

The branches of norminals are; Nouns, Pronouns, Numerals, Interrogatives.

● aha bụ ihe ihe na-aza di ka mmadụ, osisi, anụmanụ, wdg. Enwere aha di iche iche di ka ; ahaaka,
ahaizugbe, ahauche, ahaigwe, ahaucheụda, ahansinụda, ahankwuwa, ahankọwa, ahaomee,
ahammee.
Nouns are names of things such as people, plants, animals, etc. There are different nouns such as;
proper noun, common noun, abstract noun, collective noun, idiophone, onomatopoeia, adverbial noun,
adjectival noun, noun agent and noun instrument.

● Aha uche bụ aha anaghi ahụ anya

Abstract noun is a noun that cannot be seen.

● Ahaucheụda bụ aha eji mkpụrụokwu na ada-ụda ezipụta

Idiophone is a noun that is expressed by strong sounds.

● Ahaomee bụ aha a na-enweta site n'ihe mmadụ na-eme

Noun agent is a kind of noun gotten from a person's actions

● Nnọchiaha bụ mkpụrụokwu eji anọchi anya aha n'ahiriokwu. Eji ụdaume a,e,i,ị,o,ọ na
myiriụdaume M eme nnọchiaha n'asụsụ igbo.

A pronoun is a word used to replace a noun in a sentence. Pronouns in Igbo are made with the vowels a,
e, I, I, o, o and Semi vowel M.

● Nnọchiaha di iche iche bụ; nnọchionye, nnọchimpesin, nnọchionwe, nnọchionweonye,

nnọchinkọwa na nnọchinkeoye.

The various pronouns are; personal pronoun, impersonal pronoun, reflexive pronoun, emphatic
pronoun, relative pronoun, and possesive pronoun.

● Nnọchionye bụ nnọchiaha eji a nọchi anya mmadụ

Personal pronouns are pronouns used to replace a person

● Nnọchimpesin bụ nnọchiaha na-enweghi ihe doro anya ọ na anọchi

Impersonal pronouns are pronouns that do not replace any specific thing.

● Nnọchinkọwa bụ ụdi nnọchiaha na-arụtụ aka n'ihe arụ bụgoro aka na mbụ

Relative pronouns are pronouns that point towards something earlier stated

● Njụajụjụ bụ mkpụrụokwu ndi eji ajụ mmadụ ajụjụ. E.g. onye, kedu, olee, gini, ebee, aghaa.

Interrogatives are words used to ask someone questions. E.g. who, how, where, what, where, how.

● Ọnụọgụgụ bu okwu eji ezipụta ole ihe di

Numerals are words used to express the number of things

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. mkpụrụokwu eji ahụba ihe ama bụ

The word used to identify things are

a) mkpọaha

b) ngwaa

c) tensi

2. otu n'ime ndia abụghi ngalaba mkpọaha

one of these is not a branch of norminal

a) aha

b) nnọchiaha

c) ọnụọgụgụ

d) njụ

3. ___ bụ ihe ihe na-aza

__ is the name of a thing

a) isiokwu

b) irighiriokwu

c) aha

4. otu n'ime ndia abụghi ụdi aha

one of these is not a noun type

a) ahansinụda

b) ahauche

c) ahaucheụda

d) ahaisiụda

5. mkpụrụokwu eji anochi aha n'ahiriokwu bụ

The word used to replace a noun in a sentence is

a) ahannochi

b) nnọchiaha

c) isiaha

6. eji ___ na ___ eme nnọchiaha n'igbo

Igbo language uses ___ and ___ as pronouns

a) aha na nnọchi

b) udaume na myiriudaume

c) udaume na myiriudaume M

7. otu n'ime ndia abughi nnọchiaha

one of these is not a type of pronoun

a) nnọchimmadụ

b) nnọchionwe

c) nnọchionye
d) nnọchinkọwa

8. mkpụrụokwu eji ajụ mmadụ ajụjụ bụ

The word used to ask someone a question is

a)aha ajụjụ

b) njụajụjụ

c) mkpụrụ ajụjụ́

9. otu n'ime ndia abughi njụajụjụ

one of these is not an interrogative

a) olee

b)kedu

c) kee

d) aghaa

10. mkpụrụokwu eji egosi ole ihe di

The word used to express the number of things

a) mkpụrụọnụ

b) ọgụọnụ

c) ọṅụọgụgụ

11. otu n'ime ndia abughi ụdi ọnụọgụgụ

one of these is not a type of numeral

a) igụ oge

b) igụ ọnwa

c) igụ afọ

d) igụ ego

12. ___bụ aha anaghi ahụ anya

____ is a noun that cannot be seen.

a) aha uche

b) aha nkwuwa

c) ahaomee

d) ahaucheụda

13. ___ bụ aha eji mkpụrụokwu na ada-ụda ezipụta

___ is a noun that is expressed by strong sounds.

a) aha uche

b) aha nkwuwa

c) ahaomee

d) ahaucheụda

14. ___ bụ aha a na-enweta site n'ihe mmadụ na-eme

___ is a kind of noun gotten from a person's actions

a) aha uche

b) aha nkwuwa

c) ahaomee

d) ahaucheụda

15. ___ bụ nnọchiaha eji a nọchi anya mmadụ

___ are pronouns used to replace a person

a) nnọchimpesin

b) nnọchionye

c) nnọchinkwuwa

d) nnọchinkọwa

16. ___ bụ nnọchiaha na-enweghi ihe doro anya ọ na anọchi

____ are pronouns that do not replace any specific thing.

a) nnọchimpesin

b) nnọchionye

c) nnọchinkwuwa

d) nnọchinkọwa

17. ____ bụ ụdi nnọchiaha na-arụtụ aka n'ihe arụ bụgoro aka na mbụ

____ are pronouns that point towards something earlier stated

a) nnọchimpesin

b) nnọchionye
c) nnọchinkwuwa

d) nnọchinkọwa

Aziza; 1-a , 2-d , 3-c , 4-d , 5-b , 6-c , 7-a , 8-b , 9-c , 10-c , 11-b, 12-a, 13-d, 14-c, 15-b, 16-a, 17-d

Isi nke Asatọ: Ngwaa

Chapter Eight: Verbs

● Ngwaa na-ezipụta nghọta di n'ahiriokwu.

Verbs express meaning in a sentence.
● ngalaba ndi n'emebe ngwaa bụ ndia: isingwaa, mmekangwaa, nnyemakangwaa, mfinitiv na
jerọnd.
The parts that make up verbs are: the verb root, the participle, the auxiliary verb, the infinitive
and the gerund.
● Isingwaa bụ mgbọrọgwu na isi sepkụ ngwaa ndi ọzọ
Verb root is the root and stem of other verbs
● Nnyemakangwaa bụ ngwaa ọrụ ya bụ inyere mmekangwaa aka ka nghọta ya pụta ihe nke ọma. A
na-eji akarauhie ejikọ ya na mmekangwaa ọ na-enyereaka.
Auxiliary verb is a verb whose function is to help the Participle to be understood better. A
hyphen is used to combine the auxiliary verb with the participle it helps.
● 'Na' na 'Ga' bụ ihe na-arụ ọrụ di ka nnyemakangwaa. mgbe na na-arụ ọrụ, ọ na-ezipụta tensi
ndiugbua
 Na’ and ‘Ga’ are verbs that work like auxiliaries. When it’s ‘Na’ working. It expresses present
tense.
● . mgbe ga na-arụ ọrụ a, ọ na-ezipụta tensi ndiniihu. E.g Ọ na-egwu egwu .
‘When ‘Ga’ is doing this work, it expresses future tense. E.g He is playing.
● Enwere ụdi jerọnd abụọ; jerọnd mfe na jerọnd mgbagwọ

There are two types of gerunds; simple gerund and accusative gerund

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. gini na-ezipụta nghọta di n'ahiriokwu

What indicates the understanding in the sentence

a) isingwaa

b) ngwaa

c) mmekangwaa

2. otu n'ime ndia abughi ngalaba n'emebe ngwaa

One of these is not a part of the verb

a) odikangwaa

b) mmekangwaa

c) mfinitiv

d) isingwaa

3. isi sekpụ ngwaa ndiọzọ bụ

The main form of the verb is

a) jerọnd

b) isingwaa

c) mfinitiv

d) ahangwaa

4. ngwaa na-enyere mmekangwaa aka ewepụta nghọta ya bụ

Verbs that help the Participle to express meaning are

a) nnyeakangwaa

b) nnyekammekangwaa

c) nnyemakangwaa

5. A na-eji___ ejikọ nnyemakangwaa na mmekangwaa

___ is used to connect the Participle and the auxiliary

a) njikọ

b) ejikọngwaa

c) akarauhie

6. ____ na ____ na-arụ ọrụ dika nnyemaka ngwaa

____ and ____ work as auxiliary verbs

a) M na N

b) Na na Ma

c) Na na Ga

7. mgbe Na na-arụ ọrụ dika nnyemakangwaa , ọ na-ezipụta tensi__

When Na is performing the function of an auxillary , it expresses __ tense

a) tensi ngwaa

b) tensi ndiugbua

c) tensi ndimecha

8. mgbe Ga na-arụ ọrụ dika nnyemakangwaa , ọ na-ezipụta tensi__

When Ga is working as an auxiliary, it expresses __tense

a) tensi ndiniihu

b) tensi ndiugbua

c) tensi ndimecha

9. enwere ụdi jerọnd abụọ, ha bụ jerọnd ___ na ___

There are two types of gerunds, they are ___ and ___

a) elu na ala

b) ọbele na nnukwu

c) nkenke na mgbago

d) mfe na mgbagwọ

Aziza; 1-b , 2-a , 3-b , 4-c , 5-c , 6-c , 7-b , 8-a , 9-d

Isii nke Iteghete : Nkọwa, Njikọ na Mbụụzọ

Chapter 9 : Adjectives, Conjunction and Preposition

● Nkọwa bụ otu n'ime nnukwu nkejiasụsụ n' igbo nke ọrụ ya bụ ikọwa mkpọaha ndi ọzọ.
Adjective is one of the most important parts of the Speech whose function is to describe other
norminals ( noun, pronouns, etc)
● Nkọwa enwegasiri bụ ndia; nkọwaaha, ahankọwa, nrụaka, mkpọkọta.
The types of adjectives in Igbo are; Norminal modifier, Adjectival noun, Demonstrative
adjectives, collective adjectives.
● Nkọwaaha bụ nkọwa na-ekwu ka ihe di. ha bụ ; ọcha, ọma, ọjọọ, ojii, ọhụụ.
Norminal modifiers are adjectives that describe things as they are. They are ; white, good, bad,
black, new , etc.
● Ahankọwa bụ ụdi nkọwa na-abughi ezigbo nkọwa mana ha na arụ ọrụ di ka nkọwa. ha bụ
ogologo, mkpụmkpụ, obodobo, njọnjọ.
Adjectival noun is a type of adjective that is not an actual adjective but functions like an
adjective. They are long, short, big, ugly.
● Nrụaka na-arụtụ aka n'ihe a na-ekwu maka ya kpọmkwem. Ọ bụ 'a' na 'ahụ' na-arụ ọrụ di ka
nrụaka n'igbo.
 A Demonstrative points to something that is being talked about specifically. It is ‘a’ and ‘ahụ’ that
function as a demonstrative adjective in Igbo language
● Mkpọkọta bụ nkọwa na-akọwa maka ọtụtụ ihe e kpokọtara ọnụ. Ha bụ; nille, dum, ụfọdụ,
Collective adjectives are adjectives that describe things grouped toghether. They are: all of them,
all, some.
● Njikọ na-arụ ọrụ ijikọ mkpọaha abụọ maọbụ karia, nkebiokwu na nkebiahiri, ahiriokwu abụọ.
ha bụ mana, maka na, tupu, n'ihi na.
Conjunction works to join two or more norminals, phrase and clause, two sentences. They are
but, for because, before, because.
● Enwere ụdi njikọ abụọ , ha bu; njikọ nkwụgba ( naani Na na arụ ọrụ di ka njikọ nkwugba) na
njikọ ndabe.
There are two types of conjunction, they are; Coordinate Conjunctions (only Na functions as a
coordinate conjunction ) and subordinate clauses.
● Mbuụzọ adighi ọtụtụ n'igbo ka osi di na Bekee. Ọ na egosi ebe ihe di maọbụ ebe ihe nọ wee
mee. Ọ bụ Na na arụkari ọrụ di ka mbuụzọ. E.g. Ha bi n'Abagana.
There are not many prepositions in Igbo language as they are in English. It shows where
something is or where something happened. It is Na that also mostly functions as a preposition.
E.g. They live in Abagana.

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. ___ ka ọrụ ya bụ ikọwa mkpọaha ndi ọzọ

___’s job is to describe other norminals

a) nkọwa

b) ahankọwa

c) mkpọnkọwa

2. otu n'ime ndia abụghi ụdi nkọwa

One of these is not an adjective

a) ahankọwa
b) nrụaka

c) nkewaaha

3. ____ bụ nkọwa na-ekwu ka ihe di

____ is the adjective that describes a thing as it is

a) nrụaka

b) nkọwaaha

c) ahankọwa

4. nkọwa na-abughi ezigbo nkọwa mana ọ na-arụ ọrụ nkọwa bụ

The adjective that is not an actual adjective but it functions like adjective is

a) nrụaka

b) nkọwaaha

c) ahankọwa

5. ____ na-arụtụ aka n'ihe a na-ekwu maka ya.

____ points to what is being talked about.

a) nrụnkọwa

b)ntụaka

c) nrụaka

6. ____ na-arụ ọrụ di ka nrụaka

____ functions as a demonstrative

a) ga

b) na

c) ya

7.___ na-arụ ọrụ ijikọ mkpọaha

___ functions as Norminal joiner

a) ahaijikọ

b) mkpọnjikọ

c) njikọ

8. Gini na-egosi ebe ihe di maọbụ ebe ihe nọ mee

What shows where something is or where something happened

a) nkọwa

b) nkwuwa

c) mbuụzọ

9. njikọ abụọ enwere n'igbo bụ

The two conjunctions in Igbo language are

a) nkwugba na ndabe

b) njide na njisa
c) mgbakọ na mgbagọ

10. ___ bụ nkọwa na-akọwa maka ọtụtụ ihe e kpokọtara ọnụ

____ adjectives describe things grouped toghether

a) nrụaka

b) nkọwaaha

c) ahankọwa

d) mkpọkọta

Aziza: 1-a , 2-c , 3-b , 4-c , 5-c , 6-b , 7-c , 8-c , 9-a, 10-d

Isii nke iri : Nkwuwa na Ntimkpu na Njaike

Chapter 10: Adverb and Interjection

● Nkwuwa bụ nkejiasụsụ nke na-etinyeso nghọta na ngwaa. Ọ na-egosi oge, ebe ihe mere, otu ihe
si mee, otu ihe si eme.
An Adverb is a grammatical unit that attaches meaning to a verb. It shows when, where
something happened, how something happened, how something is happening .
● Ntimkpu bụ nkejiasụsụ eji egosi mkpu pụrụ mmadụ n'ọnụ. E.g. Ewo !
A Interjection is a term used to express a scream that comes out of the mouth. E.g. Alas!
 ● Ụdi ntimkpu enwere bụ ndia: ntimkpu keiwe, kemkpezi, kemwute, kenkasiobi, keegwu, keañụri
na keekele.
The types of Interjection are: Interjection of anger, Interjection of judgement, Interjection of
sorrow, Interjection of comfort, Interjection of fear, Interjection of joy, Interjectory, greetings.
● Njaike bụ mkpụrụokwu ndi ahụ na-eme ka okwu bamie onye a na-agwa ya n'ime nti nke oma.
Ọnọdụ njaike na-abụ na njedebe ahiriokwu.
Exclammation is a word used to make a word enter fully into the ear of the listener. Its position is
at the end of a sentence
● Mkpụrụokwu ndi eji ezipụta njaike bụ ndi a; a, e, o, ọ, ee, oo, nụ, lee. Ọmụmaatụ: Bia ebe a O!
Words used to express exclammation are ; a; a, e, o, ọ, ee, oo, nụ, lee. Example: come here oh!

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. nkejiasụsụ na-etinyeso nghọta na ngwaa bụ

Grammatical units that add meaning to verbs are

a) nkwuwa

b) nkọwa

c) nnyemakangwaa

2. nkejiasụsụ eji egosi mkpu pụrụ mmadụ n'ọnụ

A part of speech used to express a shout that came out of someone’s mouth

a) mkpuwa

b) ntimiwu

c) ntimkpu

3. otu n'ime ndia abụghi ụdi ntimkpu

One of these is not the type of Interjection

a) keiwe

b) kenju

c)kemkpezi

d) kenkasiobi

4. ____ bụ mkpụrụokwu ndi ahụ na-eme ka okwu bamie onye a na-agwa ya n'ime nti nke oma

___ is a word used to make a word enter fully into the ear of the listener

a) Njiko

b)Nkwuwa

c) Njaike

d) Ntimkpu

5. Ọnọdụ Njaike n'ahiriokwu bụ

The position of an exclammation in a sentence is __

a) na mbido

b) na njedebe

c) n'etiti

Aziza: 1-a, 2-b, 3-b, 4-c, 5-b

Isi nke iri na otu : Mmebeokwu Igbo

Chapter eleven: Igbo word formation

● mmebeokwu bụ usoro a na-agbaso wee na-emepụta okwu n'asụsụ ọbụla.

Word formation is a set if rules followed in the making of words in any language.

● Ihe ndi a ga-ebu n'uche wee na-emebe okwu bụ ndia; mkpụrụedemede, mkpụrụụdasụsụ,
mkpụrụokwu, nkebiokwu, nkebiahiriokwu, na ahiriokwu.

Things to have in mind while forming words are these; alphabets, phonemes, morphemes, word, phrase,
clause, and sentences.

● Ekere mkpụrụ abidii igbo ụzọ abụọ; ụdaume na mgbochiume

The igbo alphabets are divide into two; vowels and consonants

● Udaume di asatọ. Ekawara ya ụzọ abụọ, ha bụ ; Udaume mfe (otu A) na Ụdaume arọ (otu E)

Vowels are 8 in number. They are divided into two namely; light vowels (A group) and heavy vowels ( E
group)

● Ụdaume mfe bụ ụda ndi ahụ na-adi mfe n'ọnụ mgbe a na-akpọpụta ha.

Light vowels are sounds that are easy to pronounce

● Ụdaume arọ bụ ụda ndi ahụ na-adi arọ n'ọnụ mgbe a na-akpọpụta ha.

Heavy vowels are sounds that are hard to pronounce

● Ụda imi bụ ụda na-esi n'imi apụta . Ha bụ; m, n, ṅ, nw, ny

Nasals are sounds produced using the nose. They are; m, n, ṅ, nw, ny

● Mkpụrụụdasụsụ bụ ụmụ irighiri mkpụrụedemede ndi nke na-eweta nghọta ha na ụda iji nye
okwu ha nọ n'ime ya echiche zuru oke
Phonemes are word particles that add meaning and sound to a the word they fall in, in order to give it a
complete thought.

● Ndiiche di n'etiti mkpụrụedemede na mkpụrụụdasụsụ bụ na mkpụrụedemede na-akwụrụ onwe

ya mana mkpụrụụdasụsụ anaghi akwụrụ onwe ya.

The difference between alphabets and phonemes is that alphabets can stand on their own but
phonemes cannot stand on their own.

● Mkpụrụasụsụ bụ nkewapụta pekarisiri mpe nke nwere nke nwere nghọta ma ọ bụ nzipụta nke
aka ya n'ime mkpụrụokwu.

Mophemes are the smallest units of a word that have meaning when they stand on their own.

● Mkpụrụokwu bụ ụda nwere nghọta nke enwere ike iji otu mkpụrụdaasụsụ ma ọ bụ karia wee
mebe.

Words are sounds that have meaning and can be made with one or more phonemes.

● Mmụba okwu bụ ụzọ di iche iche mkpụrụokwu di n'asụsụ ọbụla si abawanye

Word expansion are the different ways in which words in any language increase.

● nkebiokwu bụ okwu e kebiri ekebi nke ezughi oke na nghọta maka na ọ nweghi ngwaa.

A Phrase is a broken word that is incomplete in understanding because it does not have a verb.

● ụdí nkebiokwu enwere bụ ndia; nkebiokwu keaha, nkebiokwu kenkọwaaha, nkebiokwu

kembụụzọ, nkebiokwu kenrụaka, nkebiokwu kenkwuwa.

Types of phrase are; noun phrase, adjectival phrase, prepositional phrase, demonstrative phrase,
adverbial phrase.

● Nkebiahiriokwu bụ okwu ezuchaghi oke n'ahiriokwu, na enwe ngwaa mana ọ naghi enwe nghọta
zuru oke.

A clause is a group of word that is complete, has a verb but not a complete meaning.

● ụdi nkebiahiriokwu enwere bụ ; keaha, kenkọwaaha, kenkwuwa.

The types of clause are; Noun clause, Adjectival clause, Adverbial clause.

Ajụjụ/Questions;
1. ___ bụ usoro a na-agbaso wee na-emepụta okwu n'asụsụ ọbụla

___ is a set if rules followed in the making of words in any language.

a) mmụba okwu

b) mbite okwu

c) mmebe okwu

d) njide okwu

2. Otu n'ime ndia abụghi Ihe ndi a ga-ebu n'uche wee na-emebe okwu

____ one of these is not a thing to have in mind while forming words

a) mkpụrụokwu

b) nkejiokwu

c) nkebiokwu

d) nkebiahiriokwu

3. Otu n'ime ndia abughi ụdaimi

One of this is not a nasal

a) ng

b) nw

c) ṅ

d) m

4. ____ bụ ụmụ irighiri mkpụrụedemede ndi nke na-eweta nghọta ha na ụda iji nye okwu ha nọ n'ime ya
echiche zuru oke

______ are word particles that add meaning and sound to a the word they fall in, in order to give it a
complete thought.

a) mkpụrụdaasụsụ
b) mkpụrụokwu

c) mkpụrụasụsụ

d) mkpụrụedemede

5. _____ bụ nkewapụta pekarisiri mpe nke nwere nghọta ma ọ bụ nzipụta nke aka ya n'ime
mkpụrụokwu.

_____ are the smallest units of a word that have meaning when they stand on their own.

a) mkpụrụdaasụsụ

b) mkpụrụokwu

c) mkpụrụasụsụ

d) mkpụrụedemede

6. ______ bụ ụda nwere nghọta nke enwere ike iji otu mkpụrụdaasụsụ ma ọ bụ karia wee mebe.

_____ are sounds that have meaning and can be made with one or more phonemes.

a) mkpụrụdaasụsụ

b) mkpụrụokwu

c) mkpụrụasụsụ

d) mkpụrụedemede

7. ____ bụ ụzọ di iche iche mkpụrụokwu di n'asụsụ ọbụla si abawanye

_______ are the different ways in which words in any language increase.

a) mmụba okwu

b) mbite okwu

c) mmebe okwu

d) njide okwu

8._____ bụ okwu e kebiri ekebi nke ezughi oke na nghọta maka na ọ nweghi ngwaa.
______ is a broken word that is incomplete in understanding because it does not have a verb

a) mkpụrụokwu

b) nkejiokwu

c) nkebiokwu

d) nkebiahiriokwu

9. ___ bụ okwu ezuchaghi oke n'ahiriokwu, na enwe ngwaa mana ọ naghi enwe nghọta zuru oke.

______ is a group of word that is complete, has a verb but not a complete meaning.

a) mkpụrụokwu

b) nkejiokwu

c) nkebiokwu

d) nkebiahiriokwu

10. nke esoghi n'ụdi nkebiahiriokwu enwere bụ

which is not a type of clause

a) keaha

b) kenkọwaaha

c) kenrụaka

11. Nke esoghi n'ụdí nkebiokwu enwere bụ

Which of these is not a type of phrase

a) nkebiokwu keaha

b) nkebiokwu kenkọwaaha

c)nkebiokwu kembụụzọ
d) nkebiokwu kennọchiaha

12. Kedụ nke a naghi akwụrụ onwe ya

Which of these cannot stand on its own

a) mkpụrụdaasụsụ

b) mkpụrụokwu

c) mkpụrụasụsụ

d) mkpụrụedemede

Answers ; 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-a, 5-c, 6-b, 7-a, 8-c, 9-d, 10-c, 11-d, 22-a

Isi nke iri na abụọ : Iwu Nsupe

Chapter 12 : Spelling rules

● Iwu nsupe bụ usoro iwu na-achi usoro okwu na-agbaso , iji nwee echiche ziri ezi

Spelling rules are a set of rules that guide the syntax of words , in order to express complete meaning

● Nsụpe mkpụrụokwu igbo na-agbaso usoro ndia;

The spelling of Igbo words follows this pattern;

● mgbochiume gaa, ụdaume esote. E.g. A + k + a = Aka

Consonants is followed by a vowel. E.g. A + k + a = Hand

● Otu ụdaume nwere ike irụ ọrụ nnọchiaha. Ụdaume ndi na-arụ ọrụ nnọchiaha bụ ; a, e, i, ị, o, ọ

A single vowel can function as a pronoun. The vowels that work as pronouns are; a, e, i, ị, ọ, o
 ● Myiriụdaume M nwere ike ijedewe mkpụrụokwu. E.g. Njem

The semi vowel M can end a word. E.g. Njem ( Trip)

● Mgbochiume anaghi akwụsi mkpụrụokwu. E.g. Okafọr kwesiri ibụ Okafọ

Consonants do not end words. E.g. Okafor should be Okafọ

● Anaghi enwe nnọkọ mgbochiume n'otu mkpụrụokwu. E.g. Owerri kwesiri ibụ Owere

Two consonants can’t be placed together. E.g. Owerri should be Owere

● Nsupe mkpụrụokwu igbo na-agbaso iwu ndakọrita udaume. ụdamfe ka a na-akpọ otu A. ụdaarọ
ka a na-akpọ otu E.

Spelling of words in Igbo follow the law of vowel harmony. Light vowels are called the A group while
heavy vowels are called the E group.

● Iwu ndakọrita ụdaume na-ekwu na ụdaume nille di na mkpuruokwu ga-esiteriri n'otu otu
ụdaume wee pụta

The rule of vowel harmony states that all vowels in a word must come from the same vowel group.

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. Iwu ndi na-achi usoro okwu na-agbaso , iji nwee echiche ziri ezi bụ

___ are a set of rules that guide the syntax of words , in order to express complete meaning

a) Iwu ndakọ

b) Iwu asụpe

c) Iwu mkpụrụokwu

d) Iwu nsụpe

2. Na mkpụrụokwu, ___ ga ____ esote

In words, ___ is followed by ____

 a) mgbochiume, ụdaume

b) ụdaume, mgbochiume

c) mgbochiume, myiriụdaume

3. Otu n'ime ndia na-ejedewe mkpụrụokwu

Which one of these can end a word

a) mgbochiume

b) myiriụdaume M

c) myiriụdaume N

d) ụdaike

4. Otu n'ime ndia anaghi akwụsi mkpụrụokwu.

Which one of these doesn’t end words.

a) udaume

b) mgbochiume

c) myiriudaume M

5. Nsupe okwu igbo na-agbaso iwu __

Igbo spelling follows the rule of __

a) nsupe okwu

b) ndagba okwu

c) ndakọrita ụdaume
6. Ụdamfe nọ n'otu ___

Light vowels are in group ___

a) otu E

b) otu M

c) otu A

7. Iwu na-ekwu na ụdaume nille di na mkpuruokwu ga-esiteriri n'otu otu ụdaume wee pụta bụ

The rule states that all vowels in a word must be formed from one vowel group is

a) iwu nsụpe ụdaume

b) iwu ndakọrita ụdaume

c) iwu mmekọrita ụdaume

d) iwu ngakọrita ụdaume

Aziza: 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-b, 5-c, 6-c, 7-b

Isii nke iri na atọ: Mpaghara ahiriokwu igbo

Chapter 13: The sections of a Sentence in Igbo

● ahiriokwu bụ okwu nwere omee na ihe ọ mere. ọ nwere ụdi abụọ; ahiriokwu nnọrọonwe na
ahiriokwu ndabe.
A sentence is a word with an actor and an action. it has two types; independent clauses and
subordinate clauses.
● nkebiokwu bụ okwu e kebiri ekebi nke ezughi oke na nghọta maka na ọ nweghi ngwaa.
A Phrase is a broken word that is incomplete in understanding because it does not have a verb.
● ihe ndi mebere nkebiokwu bụ mkpụrụedemede, mkpụrụdaasụsụ, mkpụrụasụsụ na
mkpụrụokwu.
The elements that make up a phrase are Alphabets, speech sounds, syllables and words.
● mkpụrụedemede bu akara ekwekọritara eji ede asụsụ (a-z)
alphabets are symbols agreed upon for writing of languages (a-z)
● mkpụrụasụsụ bụ ụmụ mperimpe ụdaasụsụ dikarisiri nta
Syllable is the smallest unit of word pronunciation
● mkpụrụokwu bụ okwu na akwụrụ onwe ya.
A piece of word is a word that is independent.
● ụdí nkebiokwu enwere bụ ndia; kemkpọaha, kennọchiaha, kenkwuwa, kembuụzọ, kemfinitiv,
kejerọnd, kenkọwa.
The types of phrase in Igbo are; Norminal phrase, Pronoun phrase, Adverbial phrase,
Prepositional phrase, Infinitive phrase , Gerundive phrase, Adjectival phrase
● ụdi nkebiokwu mkpọaha bụ ndia; keaha, kennọchiaha, keọnụọgụgụ, kenọmba, keajụjụ
The following are the types of norminal phrase; Noun phrase, Pronoun phrase, Numeral phrase,
Number phrase, Interrogative phrase
● ụdi nkebiokwu ke aha bụ ; ahaaka na ahaizugbe
the types of noun phrase are ; proper noun phrase and common noun phrase
● udi nkebiokwu kennọchiaha bụ; nnọchionwe, nnọchionye, nnọchionweonye, nnọchinke.
The types of pronoun phrase are; Personal pronoun phrase, Reflexive pronoun phrase, Emphatic
pronoun phrase, Possessive pronoun phrase.
● ụdi nkebiokwu nke nọmba bụ ndia; nọmba mpekele, nọmba ọgwa, nọmba nke.
The types of number phrase are as follows; fractions, mixed fractions, ordinals
● ụdi nkebiokwu nke nkọwa bụ; kemkpọkọta na kenkọwaaha.
The types of Adjectival phrase are ; Collective adjectives and Prenominal modifiers
● ahiri bụ aha nkenke a na-akpọ ahiriokwu.
Ahiri is a short name called a sentence.
● nkebiahiri bụ mkpụrụokwu edokoro n'ụzọ kwesiri ekwesi, nwere ngwaa mana nghọta ezughi
oke.
A clause is a well-placed group of words, with verb but incomplete meaning.
 ● ihe mebere nkebiahiri bụ ndia; mkpụrụedemede, mkpụrụdaasụsụ, mkpụrụasụsụ,
mkpụrụokwu, na nkebiokwu.
The main components of a clause are these; Alphabets, speech sounds, syllables, words, and
phrases.
● ụdi nkebiahiri enwere bụ ; keaha, kenkọwaaha, kenkwuwa.

The types of clause are; Noun clause, Adjectival clause, Adverbial clause.

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. okwu nwere omee na ihe omere bụ

Words with an actor and an action are

a) ahiriokwu

b) nkebiokwu

c) nkejiokwu

2. kedụ nke n'abụghi udi ahiriokwu

Which is not a sentence type

a) ahriokwu nnoronwe

b) ahiriokwu ndabe

c) ahiriokwu njide

3. okwu ekebiri ekebi n'enweghi ngwaa bụ

broken words without a verb is

a) okwunkebi

b) nkebiokwu
c) nkebiahiri

4. otu n'ime ndia esoghi n'ihe ndi mebere nkebiokwu

one of these does not make up a phrase

a) mkpụrụedemede

b) mkpụrụokwu

c) usorookwu

5. akara ekwekọritara eji asụ asụsụ bụ

The agreed symbols used to write language is

a) akara asụsụ

b) ụtọasụsụ

c) mkpụrụedemede

6. ụmụ mperimpe ụdaasụsụ dikarisiri nta bụ

The smallest unit of word pronunciation is

a) akara asụsụ

b) ụtọasụsụ

c) mkpụrụedemede

d) mkpụrụasụsụ

7. okwu na-akwụrụ onwe ya bụ

A word that stands on its own is

a) mkpụrụasụsụ

b) mkpụrụokwu

c) mkpụrụedemede

8. otu n'ime ndia abụghi ụdi nkebiokwu

one of these is not a phrase

a) kemkpọaha

b) kembuụzọ

c) kenkwuwa

d) keisingwaa

9. otu n'ime ndia esoghi na nkebiokwu nke mkpọaha

one of these does not belong to the Norminal phrase

a) keaha

b) kenkọwaaha

c) kennọchionwe

10. ụdi nkebiokwu keaha bụ

kinds of noun phrase are

a) ahaaka na ahaizugbe
b) ahaigwe na ahammadụ

c) ahankwuwa na ahankọwa

11. otu n'ime ndia abughi udi nkebiokwu kennọchiaha

one of these is not a type of pronoun phrase

a) nnọchionwe

b) nnọchionye

c) nnọchingwaa

12. otu n'ime ndia abụghi ụdi nkebiokwu nke nọmba

one of these is not a number phrase

a) nọmba mpekele

b) nọmba ọnụọgụgụ

c) nọmba ọgwa

13. otu n'ime ndia esoghi na ụdi nkebiokwu nkenkọwa

one of these is not part of the types of adjectival phrase

a) kenkọwasi

b) kemkpọkọta

c) kenkọwaaha

14. aha nkenke a na-akpọ ahiriokwu bụ

The short name for sentence is

a) ahiri

b) mkpụrụ

c) ahiokwu

15. mkpụrụokwu edokoro n'ụzọ kwesiri ekwesi, nwere ngwaa mana nghọta ya ezughi oke bụ

__ is a group of words placed in a proper way, with a verb but its understanding is not complete

a) okwunkebi

b) nkebiokwu

c) nkebiahiri

16. otu n'ime ndia esoghi n'ihe mebere nkebiahiri

One of these does not make up a clause

a) nkebiokwu

b) mkpụrụedemede

c) mkpụrụasụsụ

d) mkpụrụụdaasụsụ

17. nke esoghi n'ụdi nkebiahiri enwere bụ

which is not a type of clause

a) keaha
b) kenkọwaaha

c) kenrụaka

Aziza: 1-a , 2-c , 3-b , 4-c , 5-c , 6-d , 7-b , 8-d , 9-c , 10-a , 11-c , 12-b , 13-a , 14-a , 15-c , 16-d , 17-c

Isi nke iri na anọ: Tensi na Aspekti

Chapter Fourteen : Tense and Aspect

● Tensi bụ katigori ụtọasụsụ na-egosipụta oge ma ọ bụ.mgbe ihe a na-ekwu maka ya jiri mee
n'ahiriokwu.

Tense is a grammatical category that shows the time or when the action happens in a sentence.

● ụdi tensi di iche iche bụ ndia: tensi ndiugbua, tensi ndinaazụ, tensi ndinihu, tensi ndimecha, na
tensi ngaraadi.

The different types of tense are: present tense, past tense, future tense, perfect tense, and unfulfilled
tense.

● tensi ndiugbua bụ tensi na-egosi ihe na-eme n'oge ugbua. E.g. Ezee abaa be ya.

The present tense is the tense that shows what happens when the word is spoken. E.g. The king is
entering his house

● tensi ndinazụ na-ezipụta ihe mere n'oge gara aga. E.g. Ọ riri nri

The past tense tells what happened in the past. E.g. He ate

● tensi ngaraadi bụ tensi na-egosi ihe gaara ime mana ọ mezighi. A na-eji gaara ezipụta tensi
ngaraadi. E.g. Anyi gaara ile ule taa.

The unfulfilled tense is a tense that shows what could have happened but did not happen. 'gaara' is used
to indicate unfulfilled tense. E.g. We could have taken the test today.
 ● Tensi ndinihu bụ tensi na-egosi ihe ga-eme n'ọdinihu. ihe eji ezipụta tensi ndinihu bụ
nnyemaakangwaa 'ga'. E.g. Anyi ga-agụ akwụkwọ.

The future tense is a tense that shows what will happen in the future. What igbo uses to indicate future
tense is the auxiliary verb ‘ga’. E.g. We will study.

● tensi ndimecha bụ tensi na-egosi ihe mechagoro mgbe ana ekwu okwu. E.g. Ha eriela nri.

The perfect tense is the tense that shows what has been done when speaking. E.g. They have eaten.

● Aspekti bụ katigori ụtọasụsụ nke ya na tensi na-eyi, mana ebe tensi na-egosi oge doro anya , ọ
na-egosi oge edochaghi anya.

Aspect is a grammatical category that is similar to tense, but while tense indicates clear time, it indicates
unclear time.

● Ụdi aspekti enwere bụ ndia: aspekti mfe, aspekti ngawanye, aspekti mmecha, na aspekti
mmaahụ. ha di anọ.

The types of aspect are: simple aspect, perfective aspect, habitual aspect, and progressive aspect. There
are four of them

● aspekti mfe bụ aspekti e ji ekwu maka mmadụ ma ọ bụ ihe adighi ndụ.

The simple aspect is used to discuss a human being or non living thing

● aspekti ngawanye na-egosi ihe na-eme na-aga n'ihu.

The progressive aspect shows what is happening in progression

● aspekti mmecha na-egosi ihe amaara na ọ mecha go mana amaghi mgbe o bidoro na mgbe ọ
kwụsiri. E.g. O sichaala nri.

The perfective aspect indicates what is known to have happened in the past but the start time and end
time of the happening is not known.

● aspekti mmahụ na-ezipụta ihe marala mmadụ ahụ. E.g. ụmụnwanyi na-alụ di.

The habitual aspect expresses what is habitual to a person. E.g. women get married

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. nkeji ụtọasụsụ na-egosi oge ihe jiri mee n'ahiriokwu bụ

The grammatical category that shows when an action occurs in a sentence is

a) tensi

b) aspekti

c) nkwuwa

d) ụtọasụsụ

2. otu n'ime ndia abụghi ụdi tensi enwere

one of these is not a type of tense

a) tensi ndiugbua

b) tensi ngawanye

c) tensi ndinazụ

d) tensi ndinihu

3. tensi na-egosi ihe na-eme mgbe a kpụ okwu n'ọnụ bụ

The tense that shows what happens when a word is still been spoken is

a) tensi ogea

b) tensi mgbeọnụ

c) tensi ndiugbua

4.tensi na-ezipụta ihe mere oge gara aga bụ

____ tense tells what happened in the past

a) tensi ngaraadi

b) tensi ndinazụ
c) tensi nsonazụ

5. tensi na-egosi ihe gaara ime mana ọ meghizi bụ

The tense that shows what could have happened but did not happen is

a) tensi ngaaradi

b) tensi ndinazụ́

c) tensi nsonazụ

6. tensi na-egosi ihe ga-eme n'ọdi n'ihu bụ

The tense that shows what will happen in the future is

a) tensi odịnihu

b) tensi ngawanye

c) tensi ndinihu

7. tensi na-egosi ihe mechagoro mgbe ana ekwu okwu bụ

Which tense shows what has happened when speaking

a) tensi mmechago

b) tensi ndimecha

c) tensi mmecha

8. katigori ụtọasụsụ na-egosi oge edoghi anya bụ

Grammatical categories that indicate unclear time are

a) tensi ndiugbua

b) ngwaa

c) aspekti

9. otu n'ime ndia abughi ụdi aspekti

one of these is not an aspect

a) aspekti ndiugbua

b) aspekti mfe

c) aspekti ngawanye

d) aspekti mmecha

10. aspekti na-ekwu maka mmadụ bụ

__ Aspect refers to a person

a) aspekti mfe

b) aspekti ngawanye

c) aspekti mmahụ

11. aspekti na-egosi ihe marala mmadụ ahụ bụ

__ Aspect shows what is habitual to a person

a) aspekti ngawanye

b) aspekti mfe

c) aspekti mmahụ
12. aspekti na-egosi na ihe emechago mana amaghi mgbe ọ mechara bụ

__ Aspect indicates that something has happened but it is not known when it happened in particular

a) aspekti mmahụ

b) aspekti mmecha

c) aspekti ndimecha

Aziza

1-a , 2-b , 3-c , 4-b , 5-a , 6-c , 7-b , 8-c , 9-a , 10-a , 11-c , 12-b

Isi nke iri na ise : Mgbakwunye

Chapter 15 : Affixes

● mgbakwụnye bụ irighiri okwu maọbụ mkpụrụasụsụ a na-agbakwunye n'isingwaa.

An affix is ​a word or syllable that is added to a verb root.

● Ngalaba mgbakwụnye nwere bụ ndia ; Nganiihu, Nsonaazụ, na Nnọneeti.

Parts of affixes are the following; prefixes, suffixes, and interfix.

 ● nganiihu bụ mọfim a na-agbakwụnye n'ihu isingwaa, iji mepụta okwu di iche iche.

Prefix is a morpheme that is added before a verb root, to create different words.

● Enwere ike isi na nganiihu wepụta ihe ndia; mmekangwaa, mfinitivu, jerọnd, ahaomee,
ahammee, aha.

Words derived from prefixes include; auxiliaries, infinitive, gerund, noun agent, noun instrument, noun.

● Nsonazụ bụ irighiri okwu a na-agbakwụnye n'azụ isingwaa iji gbati maọbụ gbanwee nghọta ya.

A suffix is ​a word that is added after a verb root to increase or change its meaning

● ụdi nsonazụ enwere bụ nsonazụ mgbati na nsonazụ mgbanwe.

The types of suffix in Igbo are extensional suffixes and inflectional suffixes.

● nsonazụ mgbati bụ ụdi nsonazụ na-eweta nghọta ya tinye na nghọta ngwaa iji gbatia nghọta
ngwaa ahụ. E.g. si+godu = sigodu

An extensional suffix is ​a suffix that brings its meaning to the meaning of the verb to increase the
meaning of the verb. E.g. si+godu = sigodu (cook first or cook now)

● nsonazụ mgbanwe na-egosi tensi ,aspekiti, nkwe na njụ.

. The inflectional suffixes indicate tense, aspect, affirmative and negation.

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. irighiri okwu a na-agbakwụnye n'isingwaa bụ

The words that are added to a verb root are

a) ntikwunye

b) mgbakwụnye

c) mọfim
2. otu n'ime ndia abụghi udi ngalaba mgbakwụnye

One of these is not a type of affixes

a) nnọnime

b) nganiihu

c) nsonazụ

3. kedụ mọfim a na-agbakwụnye n'ihu isingwaa

Which morpheme is added before a norminal

a) mgbakwụnihu

b) ihungwaa

c) nganiihu

4. a na agbakwụnye nsonazụ n'isingwaa iji ____

A suffix is added to a verb root to ____

a) gbagwo ya

b) gbatia nghọta ya

c)mezie ngwaa

5. enwere nsonazụ ___ &____

There are ___ &____ suffixes

a) mgati na mgbanwe

b) mgbagwo na mmezi

c) njikọ na ndokọ

6. nsonazụ mgbanwe anaghi egosi __

The inflectional suffix does not indicate __

a) tensi

b) aspekiti

c) nkeji asụsụ

d) nkwe

7. nsonazụ na-eweta nghọta ya tinye na nke ngwaa bụ

The Suffix that brings its meaning to the verb is

a) nsonazụ mgbati

b) nsonazụ mgbagwo

c) nsonazụ mgbanwe

Aziza: 1-b , 2-a , 3-c , 4-b , 5-a , 6-c , 7-a

Isi nke Iri na isii: Nsokwụnye

Chapter 16 : Enclitics

● nsokwụnye bụ irighiri okwu ma ọ bụ mkpụrụasụsụ na-adabanye ebe ọbụla n'ahiriokwu iji

tinyeso nghọta n'ahiriokwu. E.g. cha pụtara ụbara/ ihe dum, kwa pụtara ọzọ/ nkwusi ike

Enclitics are word particles or syllables that fit anywhere in a sentence to add meaning to the sentence.
E.g. ‘cha’ means abundance/whole, 'kwa' means more/emphasis

● Ebe di iche iche a na-ahụ nsokwụnye n'ahiriokwu bụ ; ọ na esote aha (emeka kwu churu mmiri),
ọ na-esote nnọchiaha (ha cha ka ọ chọrọ), ọ na eso ngwaa ( gini bụzi nke a?) ọ na esote
njụajụjụ( gini kwa bụ nke a), ọ na esote nrụaka (nke a kwụ bụ nke m)

The different places where Enclitics are found in a sentence are; it follows a noun (Emeka too fetched
water), it follows a pronoun (He wants them all), it follows a verb ( what then is this?) it follows an
interrogative (what is this too), it follows demonstrative (this one too is mine)

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. irighiri okwu na-adabanye n'ahiriokwu itinyeso nghọta na ya bụ

The word particles that fit into the sentence to add meaning are

a) mkpụrụasụsụ

b) ndakwụnye

c) nsokwụnye

2. otu n'ime ndia abụghi nsokwụnye

one of these is not an Enclitic

a) kwa

b) zi

c) cha
d) ha

3. kedụ ebe anaghi ahụ nsokwụnye n'ahiriokwu

Where is the Enclitic not found in the sentence

a) nsote udaume

b) nsote ngwaa

c) nsote nruaka

d) nsote aha

Aziza: 1-c , 2-d , 3-a

Isii nke iri na asaa: Akara Edemede

Chapter 17: Punctuation

● Asụsụ nwere nka anọ pụtara ihe na ya. Ha bụ nka inụ asụsụ, nka isụ asụsụ , nka ịgụ asụsụ na nka
ide asụsụ.

There are four language skills. They are listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills and writing skills.

● akara di iche iche a na-etinye n'edemede bụ akara edemede.

The different marks used in writing are punctuation marks.

● Akara edemede enwere bụ ndia;

The punctuation marks we have are;

 ● a) kpọm (.) : nke bụ ntụpọ a na-etinye na njedebe ahiriokwu

a) Full stop (.) : it is a dot placed at the end of a sentence

● b) akara ajụjụ (?) : nke bụ akara eji ezipụta ajụjụ

b) question mark (?) : It is a mark used to indicate a question

● c) akara mkpu (!) : nke bụ akara eji egosi ihe ike dakwasara mmadụ

c) exclamation mark (!) : It is a symbol used to express grief

● d) rikọm (,) : nke a bụ akara edemede eji egosi ebe a ga-eku ume n'ahiriokwu

d) comma (,): this is a punctuation mark used to show where to take a breath in a sentence

● e) kpọmkpọm (:) : nke a bụ akara a na-etinye n'ahiriokwu iji gosi na-enwere ihe ndi ga abia
n'usoro metụtara ihe ekwuru na mbụ

e) Colon (:) : this is a mark that is placed in a sentence to show that there are things that will come in a
order related to what was said before

● f) kpọmrikọm (;) : nke bụ akara eji ekepụ ahịriokwu ndi yiri onwe ha mana ha enweghi njikọ
n'etiti ha.

f) semi colon (;): this is a symbol used to separate sentences that are similar but have no connection
between them.

● g) rikọmelu (') : nke a bụ akara a na-etinye ebe 'na' na-arụ ọrụ dika mbuụzọ

g) Apostrophe (‘) : this is a symbol placed where ‘Na’ works as a prefix

● h) akarauhie (-) : a na-etinye akarauhie ebe a chọrọ izipụta nnyemaka ngwaa

h) Hyphen (-) : a hyphen is placed where it is desired to express the auxiliary verb

● i) rikọm ngwu (“ ”) : nke a bụ akara a na-etinye na mbido na njedebe okwu ekeresu.

i) Quotation marks (“ “): this is a mark that is placed at the beginning and end of a distinct word.

● j) akarangudo [( ) ] : ọ na-eziputa mkpa ihe a na-ekwu maka ya di

j) Parenthesis [( ) ] : it shows the importance of the content

● k) akara nkwubiri (...) : nke a bụ akara eji egosi na edezuchaghi ihe mmadụ chọrọ ikwu.

k) Ellipsis (…) : this is a mark used to show that what a person wants to say has not been completed.
Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. otu n'ime ndia esoghi na nka asụsụ

one of these is not part of language skills

a) nka isụ asụsụ

b) nka ide asụsụ

c) nka igụ asụsụ

d) nka iza asụsụ

2 . akara di iche iche a na-etinye n'edemede bụ

The different symbols used in writing are

a) akaraedemede

b) akaraechiche

c) akarauhie

3. ntụpọ a na-etinye na njedebe ahiriokwu bụ

The dot placed at the end of a sentence is

a) kpọm rikọm

b) kpọm kpọm
c) kpọm

4. akara edemede eji egosi ebe a ga-eku ume n'ahiriokwu bụ

The punctuation mark used to indicate where to take a breath in a sentence is

a) rikọm

b) kpọm kpọm

c) kpọm

5. akara (?) bụ

the sign (?) is

a) akaramkpu

b) akara ajụjụ

c) akara ntimiwu

6. akara (!) bụ

the sign (!) is

a) akaramkpu

b) akara ajụjụ

c) akara ntimiwu

7. akara a na-etinye n'ahiriokwu iji gosi na-enwere ihe ndi ga abia n'usoro metụtara ihe ekwuru na mbụ
bụ́
Which sign is placed in a sentence to show that there are things that will come in order related to what
was said before.

a) rikọm

b) kpọm kpọm

c) kpọm

8. a na-etinye akarauhie(-) ebe Na na-arụ ọrụ dika

a hyphen (-) is inserted where Na works as

a) nnyemakangwaa

b) mbuụzo

c) mgbakwụnye

9. akara a na-etinye na mbido na njedebe okwu ekeresu bụ

The sign that is placed at the beginning and end of a distinct word is

a) akara ngwu

b) akara nkeresu

c) akara njụ

10. aha ọzọ enwere ike ikpọ akara mgbodo ( ) bụ

Another name for parentheses ( ) is

a) akara njide

b) akara nchikọta
c) akara nkewapụ

11. akara eji egosi na edezuchaghi ihe mmadụ chọrọ ikwu bụ

__ sign used to show that what someone wants to say is incomplete

a) akarauhie

b) akarankwubiri

c) rikọmelu

12. akara eji ekepụ ahịriokwu ndi yiri onwe ha mana ha enweghi njikọ n'etiti ha bụ

The sign used to separate sentences that are similar but have no connection between them is

a) kpọm rikọm

b) kpọm kpọm

c) kpọm

Aziza: 1-d , 2-a , 3-c , 4-a , 5-b , 6-a , 7-b , 8-b , 9-a , 10-c , 11-b , 12-a

Isii nke iri na asatọ: Edemede na nke nụụdi ya

Chapter Eighteen: Essay and it's types

● Edemede bụ echiche mmadụ chere gbasara isiokwu ọ bụla biazie detue ya n'akwụkwọ
An essay is a person’s thoughts about any subject which is written down in a book
● Edemede na-esi n'echiche odee apụta
Essay emerges from the writer’s thoughts
● isi ihe a na-ede maka ya bụ isiokwu
The main thing written about is the topic
● Ihe ndi di mkpa nke edemede ọbụla ga-enwe bụ; nkeji, , ekereuche, enyouche, akara edemede,
ezi nghọta ụtoasụsụ, nghọta mkpụrụokwu, isiokwu, nhazi, asụsụ, ndezi.
The most important components of an essay writing are; paragraphs, creativity, imagination,
puntuation marks, grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, content, organization, asụsụ,
mechanical accuracy.
● Nkenụụdi edemede enwere bụ; edemede akọmakọ, edemede nkọwa, edemede mkparitaụka,
edemede arụmarụka, edemede ilu, na edemede leta.
The kinds of essay are; Narrative essays, descriptive essays, Dialogue essays, Nruritauka essays,
proverbial essays, and letter essays.
● edemede akọmakọ bu nke eji akọpụta ihe mere eme na etu osi mee.
A narrative essay is one that tells about something that happened in the past. It is expressed by
past tense.
● edemede nkọwa na-enye nkọwa otu ihe a na-ede maka ya di. ọmụmaatụ, Ụzọ esi emepụta
garri.
Descriptive essays provides an explanation of what is being written about. For example, How to
make garri.
● edemede mkparitaụka na-ezipụta akụkọ di n'etiti mmadụ na ibe ya.
A Dialogic/ conversational essay expresses a conversation between two people about a topic.
● edemede arụmarụụka ka odee ji egosi nkwenye na mgbagha n'isi ihe eji mere isiokwu.
Argumentative essays are used by the author to present his/her arguments and objections to the
main points used in the topic.
● Edemede leta bụ edemede a na-edere onye anọghi nso. leta na-enweihe anọ di oke mkpa; olu
odee, nkọwa doro anya, akara edemede, aririo (ma ọ bụrụ na a chọrọ iyọ ihe)
A letter is a message sent to someone who is not around. A letter has four major components:
Tone of the writer, A good explanation, punctuation, request ( in letters requesting for
something)
● ụdi leta abụọ enwere bụ leta nkeonye na leta anamachọihe
The two types of letters are Informal letters and Formal letters
Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. echiche mmadụ chere gbasara isiokwu ọ bụla biazie detue ya n'akwụkwọ bụ

a person's thoughts about any topic and then writes it down in a book is

a) ahiriisiokwu

b) edide isiokwu

c) edemede

2. Edemede na-esi ebee apụta

Where does an essay come from?

a) echiche odee

b) isiokwu

c) mkpụrụedide

3. isi ihe a na-ede maka ya bụ

The main thing that is being written about in an essay is

a) isiedemede

b) isiokwu

c) isiahiri

4. otu n'ime ndia abụghi ụdi edemede enwere

one of these is not a type of essay

a) edemede akọmakọ

b) edemede ilu

c) edemede okwu

d) edemede nkọwa

5. ___ bu edemede eji akọpụta ihe mere eme na etu osi mee

___ is an Essay used to tell what happened and how it happened

a) edemede akụkọ

b) edemede akọmakọ

c) edemede nkọwa

6. edemede ____ na-ezipụta akụkọ di n'etiti mmadụ na ibe ya

A ____ essay describes a conversation between two people

a) mkparitaụka

b) arụmarụụka

c) nkata

7. edemede ____ ka odee ji egosi nkwenye na mgbagha n'isi ihe eji mere isiokwu.

____ essay is used by the author to show agreement and disagreement on the main points used in the
essay

a) mkparitaụka

b) arụmarụụka
c) ndinkwe

8. Edemede a na-edere onye anọghi nso bụ

___ is written to someone who is not close is

a)Edemede leta

b) edemede ozi

c) edemede arụmarụụka

9. ụdi leta abụọ enwere bụ

The two types of letters are

a) nkwe na njụ

b) nkebiokwu na ahirinchọ

c) nkeonye na anamachọihe

10. leta anaghi enwe otu n'ime ndia

A letter does not have one of these

a) aririọ

b) okwu mpụta

c) olu odee

d) akara edemede
11. Otu n'ime ndia abughi Ihe ndi di mkpa nke edemede ọbụla ga-enwe

One of these is not an important part of an essay writing

a) ndezi

b)Nghọta mkpụrụokwu

c) ndinimeokwu

d) enyouche

Aziza: 1-c , 2-a , 3-b , 4-c , 5-b , 6-a , 7-b , 8-a , 9-c, 10-b, 11-c

Isii nke iri na iteghete: Aghọtaazaa

Chapter Nineteen: Comprehension

● aghọtaazaa bụ mmadụ ighọta ederede a na-agụ maọbụ gee nti iji zaa ajụjụ ga-esi n'ime ya pụta.
Comprehension is the personal understanding of a text that is being read or listened to in order
to answer the questions that will come out of it.
● Uru aghọtaazaa bara bụ ndịa ; nghota ihe edere, ichemi echiche, inwe mmasi igụ ihe, ikwalite
asụsụ, ibawanye amamihe.
The benefits of comprehension are as follows; Understanding , deep thoughts, increases reading
interest, uplifts a language, increases wisdom

Ajụjụ/ Questions

1. mmadụ ighọta ederede a na-agụ maọbụ gee nti iji zaa ajụjụ ga-esi n'ime ya pụta bụ

a personal understanding of a text that is being read or listened to in order to answer the questions that
will come out of it is
a) aghọtaazaa

b) nghọtaazaa

c) ighọtaazaa

2. otu n'ime ndia abụghi uru aghọtaazaa bara.

One of these is not a benefit of comprehension .

a) nghota ihe edere

b) ichemi echiche

c) inwe mmasi igụ ihe

d) ikwalite mmụọ mmadụ

Aziza: 1-a , 2-d