Rendel Diso

BS-ENTREP 2-A

1.Literature refers to written or spoken works, typically imaginative and creative, expressing ideas,
emotions, or stories. It encompasses a wide range of forms, including novels, poems, plays, essays, and
more, reflecting the diversity of human experiences and perspectives.

2.The history of literature spans centuries and varies across cultures. It can be broadly categorized into
different periods:

1. Ancient Literature (before 500 CE): This includes works from ancient civilizations like
Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Examples include the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Iliad, and
the Odyssey.
2. Medieval Literature (500-1500 CE): During this period, literature often had religious themes. In
Europe, works like Beowulf and Dante's Divine Comedy emerged. The Arabian Nights and
Persian poetry are notable in the Middle East.
3. Renaissance and Early Modern Literature (14th-17th centuries): A revival of interest in classical
texts occurred in Europe. Shakespeare's plays, the works of Cervantes, and the poetry of the
Elizabethan era are prominent examples.
4. Enlightenment Literature (18th century): This period emphasized reason and science. Satirical
works like Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels and philosophical writings, such as those by
Voltaire and Rousseau, were influential.
5. Romanticism (late 18th-19th centuries): Emotions, nature, and individualism took center stage.
Poets like Wordsworth and Keats, along with writers like Mary Shelley and the Brontë sisters,
characterized this era.
6. Victorian Literature (19th century): Named after Queen Victoria's reign, this period featured
works by Dickens, the Brontës, and Wilde. It explored social issues, industrialization, and moral
values.
7. Modernist Literature (early 20th century): Characterized by experimentation and a break from
traditional forms. Writers like James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and T.S. Eliot pushed boundaries in
style and structure.
8. Postmodern Literature (mid-20th century onward): Challenges traditional narrative structures
and reality. Authors like Salman Rushdie, Toni Morrison, and Don DeLillo are associated with this
period.
9. Contemporary Literature (late 20th century to present): Diverse voices and genres thrive, with a
focus on globalization, identity, and technology. Authors like Haruki Murakami, Chimamanda
Ngozi Adichie, and J.K. Rowling represent this era.
3.The three major forms of literature are:
1. Prose: This is the most common form of written or spoken language that lacks a metrical
structure. It includes novels, short stories, essays, and non-fictional works.
2. Poetry: Characterized by rhythmic and expressive use of language, poetry often employs
meter, rhyme, and figurative language to convey emotions, ideas, or images. It can take
various forms, including sonnets, haikus, and free verse.
3. Drama: Literature written for performance, drama includes plays, scripts, and theatrical
works. It is designed to be enacted by actors on a stage and often involves dialogues and
actions to tell a story or convey a message.
4.Novel:
Example: "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee
Impact on Global Society:
Published in 1960, "To Kill a Mockingbird" addresses racial injustice and moral growth. It has had
a profound impact, influencing discussions on civil rights and fostering empathy. The novel
continues to be relevant, promoting social awareness and challenging societal norms.