Q3/W1

SHS

Practical Research 1

Quarter 3
Learning Activity Sheet 1
Introduction to Research
Negros Occidental High School

Government Property
NOT FOR SALE
 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Learning Activity Sheet No. 1
First Edition, 2021

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Division of Negros Occidental
Negros Occidental High School

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist
in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of
the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary
for exploitation of such work for profit. Such an agency or office may, among
other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by Negros Occidental High

School, Division of Negros Occidental adopted to Senior High School Practical
Research 1 Learning ToolKit, First Edition, August 2020 from Division of Negros
Occidental

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from Negros Occidental High School, Division of
Negros Occidental.

Development and Enhancement Team of

Practical Research 1 Leaning Activity Sheet
Negros Occidental High School
Senior High School

Writer/Developer/Enhancer: Auggie M. Torrecampo

Cover Page Designer: Deyru J. Morancil

Quality Assurance Team: Auggie M. Torrecampo

Janice David

School Management Team: Donna Bella O. Aposaga

Asst. Principal II for Academics – SHS

Josette S. Terrora
Principal IV

*adopted from the Learning Activity Sheets of the Division of Negros Occidental

2
Introductory Message
Welcome to Practical Research 1!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Negros Occidental through the Curriculum Instruction
Division (CID). This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers,
parents and responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set
by the K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist
the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for
productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Practical Research 1 Learning Activity Sheet will help you
facilitate the leaching-learning activities specified in the Curriculum Guide of the
Department of Education with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between
you and learner. This will be made available to the learners with the
references/links to ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Practical Research Learning Activity Sheet is developed to help
you continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material
provides you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning.
Being an active learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then
perform the activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your
facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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 Weekly Home Learning Plan

Subject: PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 Quarter: 3

Week No: 1 LAS No: 1

Formative Mode of
Summative Test
Learning Delivery
Day and
MELC Task Date
Time Learning
(Self- of Sub
Task mission
Test)
Monday Shares research Answer Answer 2/14/21 • Uploading
experiences and
February knowledge.
Activity Summative and
7, 2022 CS_RS11-IIIa-1 Test 1 and downloadin
Explains the Performance g thru FB
8:00 AM- importance of Task 1. group
research in daily
12:00 PM life. CS_RS11-IIIa- /messenger
2 (For MDL- / google
Describes Print, write classroom/
characteristics, your answer
processes, and
Email for
ethics of research. on the Activity MDL-Digital
CS_RS11-IIIa-3 Worksheet.
Differentiates For MDL- • Printed
quantitative from
qualitative
Digital, type modules for
research.CS_RS11 answer or MDL-Print
-IIIa-4 screenshot to be
Provides examples your answer
of research in areas
distributed/r
of interest (arts, and send via etrieved in
humanities, sports, messenger/ school
science, business, google
agriculture and classroom/E
fisheries,
information and mail
communication
technology, and
social inquiry).
CS_RS11-IIIa-5

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 1
INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

I. I Learning Competency with Code

Shares research experiences and knowledge. CS_RS11-IIIa-1
Explains the importance of research in daily life. CS_RS11-IIIa-2
Describes characteristics, processes, and ethics of research.
CS_RS11-IIIa-3
Differentiates quantitative from qualitative research.CS_RS11-IIIa-4
Provides examples of research in areas of interest (arts, humanities,
sports, science, business, agriculture and fisheries, information and
communication technology, and social inquiry). CS_RS11-IIIa-5

Content Standard
1. the importance of research in daily life
2. the characteristics, processes, and ethics of research

Performance Standard
Use appropriate kinds of research in making decisions.

II. II Background Information for Learners

Research is very important in our everyday living. As human
beings we encounter various challenges and problems in the
different aspects of our life, sometimes emotionally, socially,
politically, and economically. But how we handle this situation is very
important. In this aspect, research-based solution is needed. But
what is research? How can this help solve our problem? As, a
learner how can you come up with an accurate and evidenced
based solution and not just a mere theory or guest.

Notes 1

Research is significant in our everyday activities. It is the result

of a thinking process that involves students in questioning
techniques or models. In order for you, students to have a grasp of
the techniques/models of inquiry, you have to understand the
processes involved in inquiry and research.
Inquiry and research are two terms that are almost the same
in meaning. Both involve investigative work in which you seek
information about something by searching or examining the object
of your investigation. In going through the process of investigating
you now somehow tend to create a systematic pattern of thinking.

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 Research is important when you know how to make sense of
it. With this, your teacher needs to check your prior knowledge of
how research is used in your life. Implementing and assessing these
will help your teacher facilitate your understanding as a student
about the importance of research.
Research is an invaluable tool for building on crucial
knowledge, it’s also the most reliable way we can begin to
understand the complexities of various issues; to maintain our
integrity as we disprove lies and uphold important truths; to serve as
the seed for analyzing convoluted sets of data; as well as to serve
as ‘nourishment’, or exercise for the mind.
Putting you in a situation where you need to probe,
investigate, ask questions, to find answer or solutions to what you
are worried or doubted about, inquiry is a problem-solving
technique. Solving a problem by being inquisitive, make you tend to
act like a scientist who are inclined to think logically or
systematically.
But what is research? Research is a systemic inquiry that is
designed to collect, analyze and interpret data to understand,
describe, or predict a phenomenon (Mertens, 2015). It is a formal
and disciplined application of scientific inquiry to the study of
problems (Navarro & Santos, 2011). It is a formal research, which
intentionally sets out our understanding of a phenomenon and
expect to communicate what we discover to the larger scientific
community. It is a process of executing various mental acts for
discovering and examining facts and information to prove the
accuracy or truthfulness of your claims or conclusions. It requires
you to inquire or investigate about your chosen research topic by
asking questions that will make you engage you in top-level thinking
strategies of interpreting, analyzing, synthesizing, criticizing,
appreciating, or creating to enable you to discover truth about the
many things you tend to wonder about the topic of your research
(Litchman, 2013).
What is Inquiry? It is a learning process that motivates you to
obtain knowledge or information about people, things, places or
events. It is done by investigating or asking questions about
something you are inquisitive about. It requires the researcher to
collect data, meaning, facts, and information about the object of the
inquiry, and examine such data carefully. It elevates the
researcher’s thinking power. It is a problem-solving technique,
which includes cooperative learning because any knowledge from
members of the society can help make the solution.

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 What is the importance of research? Research gathers
knowledge or information on subjects of phenomena we lack or
have little knowledge about. The results of research(es) are used as
a springboard in conducting more researches or in planning new
projects. Through continuous research, major breakthroughs in the
field of communication, transportation, medicine, food and nutrition
are further improved to make people’s lives convenient and
comfortable. Research obtains practical knowledge for purposes
like solving problems on population explosion, drug addiction,
juvenile delinquency and the like. Research plays an important role
not only in helping us trace our history, but also in understanding
and providing possible solutions to the pervading problems of our
current society. Research challenges us to become better
individuals through new ideas, perspectives, and skills that we can
get when doing research. Research corrects perceptions as well as
expands them. It also develops and evaluates concepts, practices
and theories. In business, research is used to test products, ensure
the adequate distribution of a company’s product, measuring
advertising effectiveness and helps the company stay competitive
in the market. Research provides hard facts which serves as bases
for planning, decision-making, project implementation and
evaluation.

Notes 2
As a learner, it is important that you have the basic knowledge
or idea on the meaning of research, some of its characteristics, its
processes and ethics involved in conducting it. This prior knowledge
is important to facilitate your understanding as a learner of what
research really is. What are the characteristics of research? What
are the qualities of a good researcher? What are the components of
the research process? What are the classifications of research?
What are the processes involved in conducting research? What are
the obligations of researchers in order to adhere to professional
standards? What factors should be considered in selecting a
research problem? Why do we need ethics in research? What are
the unethical practices in conducting research?
Research has the following characteristics:
1. It is empirical, which means that is based on direct
experience or observation of the researcher.
2. It is logical, which means that it is based on valid
procedures and principles.
3. It is cyclical because it starts with a problem and ends
with a problem.

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 4. It is analytical because it utilizes proven analytical
procedures in gathering data, whether historical,
descriptive, and experimental and case study.
5. It is critical because it exhibits careful and precise
judgment.
6. It is methodical because it is conducted in a methodical
manner without bias using systematic method and
procedures.
7. It has replicability because the design and procedures
can be replicated or repeated to enable the researcher
to arrive at valid and conclusive results.

The research process involves the following:

• selecting the general problem;
• reviewing the literature of the problem;
• selecting the specific research problem;
• collecting data;
• analyzing and presenting or displaying data;
• interpreting the findings; and
• stating conclusions.

What are the factors to be considered in selecting a research

problem? Some of these factors are the following: researcher’s area
of interest, availability of funds, and researcher’s ability and training.
The ethics in research generally are considered to deal with
beliefs about what is right or wrong, proper or improper, good or bad.
There some ethical considerations in conducting research:
objectivity and integrity, respect of the research subjects’ right to
privacy and dignity and protection of subjects from personal harm,
presentation of research findings, misuse of research role,
acknowledgement of research collaboration and assistance, and
distortions of findings by sponsor.
But unethical practices in conducting research also exist like:
deceiving a respondent about the true purpose of a study; asking a
respondent questions that cause him or her of embarrassment, guilt
emotional turmoil by remaining him or her of an unpleasant
experience; invading the privacy of a respondent; studying the
respondents or research subjects without their knowledge; when
analyzing the data-revealing any part of the facts, presenting facts
out of context, falsifying findings of offering misleading presentation
such as lying with statistics.

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 Research ethics provides guidelines for the responsible
conduct of research. In addition, it educates and monitors scientists
conducting research to ensure a high ethical standard. The following
is a general summary of some ethical principles (Resnik, 2015):
Honesty
Honestly report data, results, methods and procedures, and
publication status. Do not fabricate, falsify, or misrepresent data.
Objectivity
Strive to avoid bias in experimental design, data analysis, data
interpretation, peer review, personnel decisions, grant writing,
expert testimony, and other aspects of research.
Integrity
Keep your promises and agreements; act with sincerity; strive for
consistency of thought and action.
Carefulness
Avoid careless errors and negligence; carefully and critically
examine your own work and the work of your peers. Keep good
records of research activities.
Openness
Share data, results, ideas, tools, resources. Be open to criticism and
new ideas.
Respect for Intellectual Property
Honor patents, copyrights, and other forms of intellectual property.
Do not use unpublished data, methods, or results without
permission. Give credit where credit is due. Never plagiarize.
Confidentiality
Protect confidential communications, such as papers or grants
submitted for publication, personnel records, trade or military
secrets, and patient records.
Responsible Publication
Publish in order to advance research and scholarship, not to
advance just your own career. Avoid wasteful and duplicative
publication.
Responsible Mentoring
Help to educate, mentor, and advise students. Promote their welfare
and allow them to make their own decisions.
Respect for Colleagues
Respect your colleagues and treat them fairly.
Social Responsibility
Strive to promote social good and prevent or mitigate social harms
through research, public education, and advocacy.
Non-Discrimination

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Avoid discrimination against colleagues or students on the basis of
sex, race, ethnicity, or other factors that are not related to their
scientific competence and integrity.
Competence
Maintain and improve your own professional competence and
expertise through lifelong education and learning; take steps to
promote competence in science as a whole.
Legality
Know and obey relevant laws and institutional and governmental
policies.
Animal Care
Show proper respect and care for animals when using them in
research. Do not conduct unnecessary or poorly designed animal
experiments.
Human Subjects Protection
When conducting research on human subjects, minimize harms and
risks and maximize benefits; respect human dignity, privacy, and
autonomy.

Notes 3
Researches are split broadly into quantitative and qualitative
methods. Which you choose will depend on your research questions,
your underlying philosophy of research, and your preferences and
skills.
When collecting and analyzing data, quantitative
research deals with numbers and statistics, while qualitative
research deals with words and meanings. Both are important for
gaining different kinds of knowledge.

Quantitative research is expressed in numbers and

graphs. It is used to test or confirm theories and assumptions.
This type of research can be used to establish generalizable facts
about a topic. Common quantitative methods include experiments,
observations recorded as numbers, and surveys with closed-ended
questions.
Qualitative research is expressed in words. It is used to
understand concepts, thoughts or experiences. This type of
research enables you to gather in-depth insights on topics that are
not well understood. Common qualitative methods include
interviews with open-ended questions, observations described in
words, and literature reviews that explore concepts and theories.

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Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Research
Qualitative Qualitative
Objectives • In-depth • Quantification of
understanding of data
underlying reasons • Measurement of
and motivations incidence, etc.
Data • Non-statistical/Verbal • Statistical/Numerical
Analysis language
• Contextual
• Thematic
Outcomes • Not conclusive nor • Broad based
generalizable insights
• Population based

Differences between Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Methodologies
Qualitative Methodologies Quantitative Methodologies
Preference for hypotheses that Preference for precise
emerge and develop into definitions
theories as the study develops stated at the outset
Preference for definitions in Preference for precise
context or as the study definitions stated at the outset
progresses
Preference for narrative Data reduced to numerical
description scores
Preference for assuming that Much attention to assessing
reliability of inferences is and improving reliability of
adequate scores obtained by instruments
Assessment of validity through Assessment of validity through
crosschecking sources of a variety of procedures with
information (triangulation) reliance on statistical indices

Philosophical Assumptions of Quantitative and Qualitative

Researchers
Qualitative Methodologies Quantitative Methodologies
The individuals involved in the There exists a reality “out
research situations construct there,” independent of us,
reality; thus, realities exist in the waiting to be known. The task of
form of multiple mental science is to discover the nature
constructions. of reality and how it works.
Research investigations Research investigations can

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produce alternative visions of potentially result in accurate
what the world is like. statements about the way the
world really is.
It is impossible for the It is possible for the researcher
researcher to the stand apart to remove him or herself to
from the individuals he or she is stand apart - from that which is
studying. being researched.

Notes 4
Provided you with the different types of research in different
areas of interests (arts, humanities, sports, science, business,
agriculture and fisheries, information and communication
technology, and social inquiry) and their respective uses, you will be
tasked to provide examples as to when and where these types of
research is utilized. Stay eager in learning this toolkit.

III ACTIVITIES

Activity 1
A. Read the question for each research experiment, figure out
whether it is a Qualitative or Quantitative.
1. Which student’s recipe tastes the most like Coke?

2. Does watering a tomato plant with rain water, tap water, or bottled
water produce more tomatoes?

3. Which household item (vinegar, milk, soda) will clean coins the best?

4. How many drops of ketchup, vinegar, apple juice, and milk will fit on a
nickel?

5. Which produces the cleanest window: paper towels, tee-shirts, or

newspapers?

B. Classify the following as qualitative or quantitative observations:

1. The beaker contains 250 mL of acetone.

2. The beaker is made of glass.

3. The weather is not hot and muggy outside?

4. The humidity level is 89.2%

5. The length of the skeleton is 1.57 meters.

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Activity 2
Read the sample topics of research and identify what particular field of
research they belong. Write the letter of the correct answer below or in
your activity notebook.
A. Social Inquiry E. Business
.
B. Arts F. Education
C. Information and Communications Technology
D. Science
E. Agriculture and Fisheries

1. How Staff Motivation Affects Productivity___________________

2. Covid -19 and Pet Animals: What We Need to
Know?__________________
3. Vaccination: Are There Any Real
Benefits?______________________
4. Optical Transparency and Network Energy
Efficiency___________________
5. Attitudes Towards Race and Police
Brutality______________________
6. Factors Contributing to Genetic Mutations___________________
7. A Web-Based Intelligent Approach to
Tutoring_____________________
8. How Advertisement Affects Consumer
Behavior______________________
9. Atmospheric Propagation Impairment Effects for Wireless
Communications_____________________
10. Patriotism in the Philippines_________________________

IV REFLECTION
Read each statement carefully. Write T if it is True, F if otherwise. Write
your answer on your notebook.
1. Research involves finding possible answer to questions.
2. Research is carried out to explain situation or phenomenon.
3. Research is a discipline or process for experts only.
4. Surveying is data gathering.
5. Only new knowledge can be considered research.
6. Research happens only in a laboratory.
7. Research improves life.
8. The end result of research is lies or falsehood.
9. Rice cooker can be considered as output of research.
10. We better understand our humanity with research.

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V ANSWER KEY

Activity 1 A
1. Qualitative
2. Qualitative
3. Qualitative
4. Quantitative
5. Qualitative

Activity 1 B
1. Quantitative
2. Qualitative
3. Qualitative
4. Quantitative
5. Quantitative

Activity 2
1. E
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. E
9. S
10. A

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Educational Sites

KINDS OF RESEARCH ACROSS FIELDS:

A. SOCIAL INQUIRY: to better understand the behavior and
social interactions among individuals.
Sample Study:
Malouff, j. M., Schutte, N. S., Rooke, S. E., & MacDonell, G.
(2012). Effects on Smokers of Exposure to Graphic Warning
Images. The American Journal on Addictions, 21 (6), 555-557.

B. ARTS: to investigate methods or approaches that enhance

one’s creativity.
Sample Study:
Brinegar, J., & Capra, R. (2011). Managing Music Across
Devices and Computers. In Proceedings of the 2011
iConference (pp. 489-495.)

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C. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY:
to examine the trends and tendencies in the use of information
technology.
Sample Study:
Tripathi, M., & Kumar, S. (2014). Use of Online Resources at
Jawaharlal Nehru University: A Quantitative Study. Program,
48 (3), 272-292.

D. SCIENCE: to determine the effectiveness of a newly

developed medicine, treatment, or approach in addressing
health problems.
Sample Study:
Fatmah, H. (2013) . Effect of Tempeh Dates Biscuits on
Nutritional Status of Preschool Children with Tuberculosis.
Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 19(2), 173-184.

E. AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES: to examine how

agriculture in a particular community is influenced by global
trends.
Sample Study:
Namisko, P., & Aballo, M. (2013). Current Status of E-
agriculture and Global Trends: A Survey Conducted in Trans-
Nzoia County, Kenya. International Journal of Science and
Research, 2 (7) , 18-22.

F. BUSINESS: to assess approaches that will help companies in

their decision-making practices.
Sample Study:
Ali, R., & Ahmed, M. S. (2009). The Impact of Reward and
recognition Programs on Employee’s Motivation and
Satisfaction: An Empirical Study. International Review of
Business Research Papers, 5 (4), 270-279.

G. EDUCATION: Presents the latest theories and practices that

pave the way for better teaching and learning experiences,
both in a classroom and online setting.
Sample Study:
Mwadzaangati, L. (2017). An Exploration of Mathematical
Knowledge for Teaching Geometric Proofs: Applied
Educational Research. University of Malawi.

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 NEGROS OCCIDENTAL HIGH SCHOOL
Practical Research 1
RD
3 Quarter - Summative Test 1

Name: __________________________ Date Submitted: _______

Strand and Section: _____________________________________

Part 1: Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the best answer.

1. A characteristic of research where you avoid errors and
negligence and critically examine your own work and the
work of your peers.
a. honesty c. carefulness
b. Confidentiality d. Integrity
2. Research might help the students on the following, EXCEPT?
a. Learning to think analytically and critically
b. Learning how to work scientifically or systematically
c. Learning how to work alone and dependently
d. Learning the basic tools of research.
3. Striving to avoid bias and avoiding self-deception in all
aspects of research means that you have to be
a. Careful c. Honest
b. Objective d. Open
4. What makes qualitative research advantageous over
quantitative research?
a. It offers several ways of gathering data and appraising
knowledge about a particular phenomenon
b. Subjectivity is low.
c. It requires ample amount of resources including money
and manpower.
d. It is time-consuming.
5. Which if the following is NOT true about norms and ethics of
research?
a. Norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge,
truth, and avoidance of error.
b. Ethical standards promote the values that are essential to
collaborative work
c. Ethical norms allow researchers at times to be
irresponsible and maybe held non-liable to the public
d. Ethical norms in research also help to build public support
for research

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Part II
Identify whether the following topics is QUALITATIVE OR
QUANTITATIVE. Write QL if it is a qualitative topic and QN if it is a
quantitative topic
__________ 1. Opinions on the undergoing vaccination program.
__________ 2. Thoughts on the re-surging Covid infections in
Manila. Tally of the daily Covid-19 infections
__________ 3. Perspective on the 2022 elections
__________ 4. Data on printed and digital module subscriptions
__________ 5. Educational attainment of parents as home-based
tutors.

Part III
Write TRUE if the statement about Research is true and write
FALSE if the statement is false before each number.
__________ 1. Not divulging important and personal information
is an exhibit of social responsibility.
__________ 2. When someone does research, he is entitled with
fame and recognition.
__________ 3. Research is highly structured, follows a detailed
plan and is accurately done.
__________ 4. The ultimate goal of research is to be informed
and accumulate knowledge.
__________ 5. Research is very critical. It means, the
researcher should be validating all the results
based on evidence gathered.
__________ 6. Research is accurate, therefore it must take
place in an organized or orderly manner.
__________ 7. Empirical as a characteristic of research means
that means that it is based on valid procedures
and principles.
__________ 8. Research accepts misconceptions and does not
make appropriate corrections
__________ 9. Research is present in all fields of knowledge
__________ 10. Inquiry is a formal and disciplined application of
scientific investigation to the study of problems

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