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Technology and
Livelihood Education
Quarter 1 – Module 3:
BEDDING MATERIALS, AND
BROODING FACILITY

Self-Learning Module

“Una sa tanan, BATA: Buligan, Amligan, Tudluan, Alalayan!”

DIVISION OF BACOLOD CITY

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TLE 9 Organic Agriculture Production
Self Learning Module
Quarter 1 – Module 3– Bedding Materials and Brooding Facility

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work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
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impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Division of Bacolod City, Region VI

Development Team of the Self Learning Module

Writers: Azeneth V. Dimaandal

Editors: Clara A. Tigallo
Reviewers: Conchita P. Edjan
Illustrators: Azeneth V. Dimaandal
Layout Artists: Azeneth V. Dimaandal
Management Team: Gladys Amylaine D. Sales
Michell L. Acoyong
Janalyn B. Navarro
Susan A. Jalwin
Ellen G. Dela Cruz

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region VI – Division of Bacolod City

Office Address: Rosario-San Juan Sts., Bacolod City 6100

Telefax: (034) 704-2585
E-mail Address: bacolod.city@deped.gov.ph

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

This stand-alone module in Grade 9 Organic Agriculture Production is intended for
distance learning modality. Learners who could not afford online or face-to-face
learning can utilize this module. It includes a learner-friendly pretest, self-check
exercises, additional activities, and other learning instructions intended to help
learners learn even teachers and learner are geographically remote from each other.
This covers topics in Grade 9 in the 1st Quarter with corresponding learning activities
for learners to achieve the most essential learning competencies and lesson
objectives. Moreover, each exercise in this module is designed for independent
learning and practice. However, ensure that the learners’ parents, elder siblings,
guardians or relatives at home will guide and support them as they accomplish its
given tasks.
Furthermore, explain to students that taking the tests diligently will allow them to
learn their lessons for their academic progress. Most importantly, remind them to
answer the given activities on a separate answer sheet and handle this module with
utmost care.

For the learner:

This learner-friendly module in Grade 9 Organic Agriculture Production is specially
designed for your learning needs and progress. Your patience and dedication in
reading and answering its learning exercises will help you successfully cope with
lessons. You are free to ask assistance from your teachers, parents, siblings, friends,
and family members whom you think can help you best. Read each lesson carefully
and follow the instructions for your activities after reading.
Remember to answer the given exercises in a separate sheet of paper. When you
are done, kindly return it to your teacher to check and evaluate your level of
competency.

Good luck and God bless.

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Parts of the Self-Learning Module
The following are the parts of this module that will help you finish your tasks.
Read the following descriptions below to better understand each part.
This part will be your guide to learn in the
specific lessons specifically your skills
I Need to Know
and competencies.

This contains a 10-item pre-test that will

I Will Check on This check what you already know.

This section will give you the topic,

Lesson Overview information and concepts as a brief
discussion for you to learn.

It is in this part that the new lesson will

be introduced to you in different ways: a
story, a poem, a problem opener, an
I Will Do This activity, or a situation. You will be given
specific instructions on how to go about
the activity

In this part helps you generalize your

I Learned This understanding of the concepts. This
includes a short fill-in the blanks
summary of the topic

This provides you questions and

I Practice This exercises to help you deepen your
understanding of the concept.

This section includes an activity or

I Apply This exercises that will help you apply your
knowledge into real-life situations

This is composed of 10-item exercises to

I Test Myself assess if you have attained the learning
competency.

References

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 I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
identify the bedding materials locally available and brooding and brooding
facility. (TLE_AFOA9-12OC-Ia-j-IIa-j-1). The scope of this module allows you to use
it in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module is divided into the following lessons:

 Lesson 1- Locally Available Bedding Materials for Chicken Houses

 Lesson 2- Brooding and Brooding Facility

After going through this module, you are expected to

1. Know the importance of beddings for chicken production
2. Identify the locally available bedding materials
3. Secure the available materials in the locality
4. Set-up brooding facility based on space requirements

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 IICheck On This
Will Check On This

Take a look at the pictures carefully and identify each. Provide your answer on the
right side of the picture.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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 Lesson
Proper Site Determination
1 for Chicken Houses

Lesson Overview

Better quality production of chickens starts with right management of its

physical environment. Thus reducing stress, vulnerability to disease and the risk of
productivity losses. Improvement of living environment of chicken houses entails
good floor managements which starts with the selection of good bedding materials.
Good floor management helps keep birds dry and reduce contact to fecal matter and
helps them protect from cold.

What is poultry bedding?

Bedding is the materials that covers the floor of the chicken house that consist
of dry friable particles, free of toxins highly absorbent and quick to dry. The key
functions of litter are to: absorb moisture from droppings and water spillages from
drinkers; prevent odor build-up, particularly ammonia which can cause damage to
the respiratory system

Reason Why Bedding Is Important.

 It acts like a sponge
 It absorbs fecal moisture and the releases it into the air to be removed from
the house
 Dilutes excreta
 Provides a cushion for the breast muscle and feet from the floor
 Acts as an insulator especially during cold weather

Locally Available Bedding Materials

1. Rice Hull- (also called husk) is the rice kernel outer covering which is
remove during rice milling.

2. Rice Straw- was one of the normal bedding materials for all barns and
stable. A cheap and easy to find locally. Chopped straw is often used in
nest boxes and is more resistant to mites than conventional straw.

3. Sawdust- is a by-product or waste product of woodworking operations such

as sawing, milling, planning, routing, drilling and sanding. It is
composed of fine particles of wood.
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 4. Sand- is a cost effective, long lasting and eco-friendly litter option as it do
end thoroughly dried in the sun before being used again. As sand is
inorganic, it is more resistant to harmful bacteria and microbes than
other types of bedding, helping to keep the chicks healthier. However,
you will need to be careful of where you place heaters to avoid over-
heated chicks as sand retains warmth better than other bedding options.

Two (2) inches thick or more is recommended for whatever bedding materials
we may choose to ensure safety and positive impact on growth.

Advantages and Disadvantage of Various Bedding or Litter Materials

Pine Shaving and Preferred litter material but becoming limited supply and
sawdust expensive in areas

Hardwood shaving and Often high in moisture and susceptible to dangerous

sawdust mold growth if stored improperly prior to use.

Wood shaving should not be used for chicks beddings

due to the tendency of pecking which may result to
digestion problem.

Pine or hardwood chips Used successfully but may cause increased incidence of
breast blisters if allowed to become wet.

Pine or hardwood bark Similar to chips or shaving in moisture absorption

capacity. Medium-sized particles preferred.

Rice Hulls A good litter materials where available at competitive

price. Young chicks may be prone to litter-eating (not a
serious problem)

Sand Long-term reuse potential with de-caking. More difficult

to maintain suitable floor temperature during cold
weather brooding. It needs ample time and ventilation
prior to brooding to assure dryness

Crushed corn cobs Limited availability. Maybe associated with increased

breast blisters.

Chopped Straw, hay or Considerable tendency toward caking. Mold growth can

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corn stover also be a disadvantage

Shredded paper Can be used for litter, but it cakes and compact within
first two weeks of use. Proper and constant replace of
bedding materials is necessary.

Processed Paper/ Various forms of processed paper have proven to be

Shredded Paper good litter material in research and commercial
situations. Tendency to cake with increased particle
size. Top dressing paper base with shaving may
minimize this problem. Careful management essential, it
cakes and compact within first two weeks of use. Proper
and constant change of bedding materials is necessary.

Desired growth and development can be achieved by providing heat,

ventilation and access to feed. This was attained through the provision of brooding
facility to newly hatched chicks. Maintaining the necessary temperature for chick’s
development ensures lesser mortality, stress, dehydration, avoid slower growth rate,
poor uniformity and minimizes the incidence of as cites.

What is brooding?
Brooding is refer to the period immediately after hatch when special care and
attention must be given to chicks to ensure their health and survival.

Brooding Facility

Brooding room should be heated prior to the arrival of chicks. A newly

hatched chicks requires supplemental heat to maintain its body temperature;
therefore, an external heat source must be provided to chicks in the first few weeks.
Heat lamps or bulb are usually positioned in the center of brooder ring.
Brooder rings are used to confine chicks in a small area close to feed and water,
ultimately allowing them to select environment at their own thermal comfort level.

Consideration for brooding facility:

 Adequate space allowance based on space requirements per age
 Proper ventilation
 Proper sanitation
 Adequate lighting facilities

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 Before the chicks arrive, prepare a brooding area surrounded by a cardboard
fence approximately 16 inches high and 6 feet in diameter. Several thickness of
newspaper place under the waterers and feeders for the first week help keep the
content clean. Remove the top layer daily.

Temperature Control
Temperature control is important to chicks particularly in the first three weeks
of life. If the chicks are too cold, they will become chilled and uncomfortable, and will
not eat or drink. If the chicks are too hot, they will become dehydrated and
susceptible to high mortality.

Ideal brooding conditions must be maintained.

 Age day 1- 320 to 350C (90-950F) at the chick level and the house temperature
must be 26-270C (790 – 810F)
 Week two – 29.40 to 32.20C
 Week three -26.70 to 29.400C
 After six weeks of age, temperatures between 18 and 210C are desirable.
 Every four days, the brooder temperature may be reduced approximately 2 0C
(3 0F).

Adjusting the hanging heat lamp 18 inches from the floor in the center of the ring.
Raise or lower the lamp for temperature control. The 60-100 watt light bulb with
porcelain socket are usually used for backyard chickens.

Observation
Brooding temperature should be adjusted according to observation to chick’s
behavior.

Too hot
 Generally be positioned against the walls away from the heat source.
 Will be panting or possibly sitting with their wings outstretched and feathers
fluffed out.

Despite what the thermometer reads, ensure temperature is adjusted based on

behavior of the chicks.
Too low temperature
 Chicks hurdle each other
 Stay together near the source of heat
 Produce unusual chirping sound

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Extreme low temperature
 Chicks file on top of one another causing high incidence of mortality due to
suffocation.

Floor Covering
The pens where the chicks are to be raised should be thoroughly cleaned and
disinfected at least one week prior to chick placement. Any equipment to be used
cleaned and disinfected.
Fresh, mould-free bedding should be spread over the whole floor area,
including the brooder ring.

Minimum Space requirements:

Space requirements for brooding and rearing of poultry are different for each
species.
Chicks under an electric brooder - 10sq.in. per bird
Chicks from 1 to 8 weeks - 1.-1.5 sq.ft. per bird
Birds from 8 to 20 weeks - 2-3 sq.ft. per bird
Do not overcrowd or allow wet spots to exist in the pen

Recommended period of darkness

For the first 24 hours after placement of chicks, continuous light should be
provided. After 24 hours a minimum of one hour of darkness must be provided, the
gradually increased to four hours of darkness for each 24 hours period of five days of
age.
After three days, a period of darkness is recommended for all types of poultry
to reduce incidence of metabolic (especially heart) disease and leg problems. The
use of natural daylight is sufficient or providing 12 to 16 hours of artificial light per
day will result in an adequate exposure to darkness.
After six weeks of age, chickens raised for egg laying purposes should be
provided a maximum of eight to 10 hours of light per day until they are about 18 to
20 weeks of age.

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 I Will Do This

Exercises:
Make a list of what you will need to do to prepare your chicken house for the
arrival of newly hatched chicks. (Provide additional number if necessary)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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 I Learned This

Fill-in the blanks. Select your answer from the word box.

Insulator Bedding 10 sq.in./bird

Brooder 20C (30F)

I have learned that to ensure better production in raising chicken, good floor
management is necessary. The good choice of 1. ______________, materials locally
available provides safety to chicken from the risk of disease vulnerability and
minimizing production cost. The good floor managements acts as
2.__________________ especially during cold weather where expected to be have
high incidence of mortality. Also, careful management is essential where proper and
constant change of litter materials is necessary.

A newly hatched chicks requires supplemental heat to maintain its body

temperature. With that 3. _________________ is needed to ensure health and
survival of chicks using external heat source. There are certain level of temperature
to be maintained to ensure uniformity in growth and prevents risk of high mortality.
Generally, every four days, the brooder temperature may be reduced approximately
by 4. ______________. While, adequate space is also important for better
productivity, so chicks under electric brooder require space minimum of
5.____________ in order to avoid overcrowding.

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 I Practice This

Instruction:
1. In short bond paper, lay-out brooding facility with corresponding
measurement according to desired number of heads of chicks and space
requirements of one to 8 weeks old.
2. Fill in the following data needed after your brooder lay-out.

Name: ______________________________
Brooder for _________ chicks (number of heads)
Desired Bedding Materials ___________, with the thickness of __________.

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 I Apply This

Using your lay-out of chicken brooder, construct according to following

materials.

1. Plywood / slotted bamboo/ thick and big unused paper boxes.

2. Nails (for plywood and slotted bamboo)
3. Lamp with porcelain socket
4. Extension cord.
5. Desired bedding materials (sawdust, rice hull or paper (newspaper))
6. Thermometer (optional), temperature could be based on chicks’ behavior.

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 I Test Myself

TEST I: Write TRUE is the statement is true, and FALSE is the statement or false.
____________1. Good floor management reduce the risk of productivity losses.
____________2. Bedding materials provides cushion for the breast muscle and feet
of chicken from the floor.
____________3. Bedding materials is not necessary during cold weather.
____________4. Two inches thickness or more is recommended for whatever
bedding materials
____________5. A newly hatched chicks does not requires supplemental external
heat to maintain body temperature.

____________6. Adequate space allowance is necessary to avoid overcrowding

inside the brooder.

____________7. Temperature should not be adjusted even of different age of chicks.

____________8. Chicks hurdle with each other when temperature is too low.
____________9. Chicks’ behavior may be observed when thermometer is not
available.
____________10. Proper cleaning and disinfection to brooding facility should be
done prior to the arrival of chicks

TEST II. Provide the space requirements according to age level of chicks.

________________1. 20 heads chicks ages from 1 to 8 weeks

_________________2. 15 heads chicks ages from 8 to 20 weeks
_________________3. 25 heads chicks ages from 1 to 8 weeks
_________________4. 10 heads chicks ages from 8 to 20 weeks
_________________5. 30 heads chicks ages from 1 to 8 weeks

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References

Alaska Livestock Series. Selecting, Brooding & Rearing Small Number of Chicks.
University of Alaska Fairbanks. 2017. www.uaf.edu/ces
Agribusiness Technology Guide. Broiler Production and Business Guide

Philippine National Standard on Organic Agriculture.PNS/BAFS 07:2016

Philippine National Standard on Free Range Chicken.PNS/BAFS 262:2018
http://www.filipinopoultry.com/index.php/2016/05/23/chicken-breeds-in-philippines/
http://www.filipinopoultry.com/index.php/2016/05/23/chicken-breeds-in-philippines/
http://www.agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=9&topicid=103

https://toppng.com/uploads/preview/chicken-png-transparent-image-chicken-hen-
11563162314tqkwhd6hbx.png
TNAU AGRITECH PORTAL ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/animal_husbandry/tecnologies_incubator.html
Instructable living https://www.instructables.com/id/The-3-30-Minute-Egg- Incubator/
Detail Plans for Chicken brooder http://jeriuf.blogspot.com/2014/01/
https://www.farmfowl.com/guide/guide-to-egg-incubation/what-is-an-egg-
incubator/
General Brooding and Rearing. Saskatchewan.2019.
https://www.saskatchewan.ca/business/agriculture-natural-resources-and-
industry/agribusiness-farmer-and-ranchers/livestock/cattle-poultry-and-other-
livestock/poultry/general-brooding-and-rearing-fact-sheet

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