QUALITAIVE CHEMISTRY

WORK

ANALYSIS DISCRIMINATION

OF
GROUP # 5
BIAS FREE
CULTURE
REMOVAL OF TRACES OF
CALCIUM AND BARRIUM IDENTIFICATION OF SODIUM

IDENTIFICATION OF IDENTIFICATION OF
POTASSIUM AMMONIUM ION

IDENTIFICATION OF AMMONIUM
ION
GROUP 5 CAT IONS
tTHE GROUP 5 CAT IONS CONSIST OF
THESE:
magnesium (II) Mg 2+, potassium
(I) K + and sodium (I) Na +
REMOVAL OF TRACES OF
CALCIUM AND BARIUM
 REMOVAL OF TRACES
REMOVAL OF
CALCIUM
To separate calcium ions and
barium ions in solution we could
add aqueous sodium sulfide to the
solution. Barium sulfide is water
soluble, but calcium sulfide is
insoluble. Upon the the addition of
aqueous sodium sulfide to the
solution the calcium ions will bond
to the sulfide ions generating a
precipitate. The barium and
sodium ions will still be in solution.
+2(AQ) + BA+2(AQ) +
NA+ (AQ) + S 2(AQ)
REMOVAL OF
BARIUM
We could put the resulting
solution in a centrifuge and
extract the solid calcium sulfide.
To remove the barium ions from
solution we could add aqueous
sodium sulfate to the solution.
The barium ions will bond to the
sulfate lons forming a
precipitate. The only lons left in
solution would be sodium ions
BA 2(AQ) + NA (AQ) +
SO, *(AQ) BASO4(S)
YELLOW CRYSTALINE
PRECIPITATE
 CALCIUM SODIUM IONS
SODIUM Add a little uranyl magnesium acetate
reagent, shake and allow to stand for
few minutes. Yellow crystalline
precipitate of sodium magnesium
BARIUM uranyl acetate is formed. If
precipitation doesn't occur, add 1/3rd
volume of ethanol; it helps in
precipitation. Na* + Mg2++3U022+ +
9CH3COO →→ NaMg(UO2)3(CH3COO)9
 YELLOW CRYSTALINE 2 BLUE FLAME
1 PRECIPITATE
 SEPERATION 2

AND and then after ammonium hydroxide

solution and lastly add ammonium

IDENTIFICATION dihydrogen phospate.

A white precipitate will form

OF MAGNESIUM
1 3
in a salt solution (salt and
distilled water) add drops of
ammonium chloride solution.
IDENTIFICATION
to confirm the magnesium we
will add an excess amount of
ammonium dihydrogen
phosphate and if its
magnesium it will not dissolve
MAGNESIUM
 THE NAME IS DERIVED FROM THE ENGLISH WORD
POTASH. THE CHEMICAL SYMBOL K COMES FROM
KALIUM, THE MEDIAEVAL LATIN FOR POTASH, WHICH
MAY HAVE DERIVED FROM THE ARABIC WORD QALI,
MEANING ALKALI.
POTASSIUM METAL IS SOFT AND WHITE WITH A
SILVERY LUSTRE, HAS A LOW MELTING POINT, AND IS
A GOOD CONDUCTOR OF HEAT AND ELECTRICITY.
POTASSIUM IMPARTS A LAVENDER COLOUR TO A
FLAME, AND ITS VAPOUR IS GREEN. IT IS THE
SEVENTH MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENT IN EARTH’S
CRUST, CONSTITUTING 2.6 PERCENT OF ITS MASS.
Identification of
POTASSIUM
WHAT IS POTASSIUM CHLORIDE? POTASSIUM
CHLORIDE IS AN IONIC SALT FEATURING A BOND
BETWEEN AN ALKALI METAL AND A HALOGEN. IT IS
DENOTED BY THE CHEMICAL FORMULA KCL AND IS
MADE UP OF POTASSIUM CATIONS AND CHLORIDE
ANIONS IN A 1:1 RATIO. POTASSIUM CHLORIDE IS
CHARACTERIZED BY A COLOURLESS, CRYSTALLINE
APPEARANCE AND AN ODOURLESS SMELL. IN ITS
SOLID FORM, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE CAN BE EASILY
DISSOLVED IN WATER AND THE RESULTING KCL
SOLUTION IS SAID TO HAVE A SALTY TASTE. • P
ROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE IN THE SOLID-
STATE, KCL IS READILY SOLUBLE IN MANY POLAR
SOLVENTS, INCLUDING WATER. THE SALT IS IONIZED
INTO THE K+ CATION AND THE CL– ANIONS IN THESE
POLAR SOLVENTS. SOME OTHER PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF POTASSIUM CHLORIDE ARE
DISCUSSED IN THIS SUBSECTION. STRUCTURE OF KCL
MOLECULES AN ILLUSTRATION DESCRIBING THE
STRUCTURE OF A KCL MOLECULE IS PROVIDED BELOW.
POTASSIUM
 POTASSIUM
In the solid-state, KCl is readily soluble in many polar solvents,
including water. The salt is ionized into the K+ cation and the Cl–
anions in these polar solvents. Some other physical and chemical
properties of potassium chloride are discussed in this subsection.

- The chemical equation for this reaction is: KCl + Na ⇌ NaCl + K

 IDENTIFICATION 2
with that a yellow crystaline precipitate

AND should form and if it does not, scratch

the inside with a glass rod of the test

CONFIRMATION OF tube to probe a reaction

POTASSIUM

1 3
in a salt solution (salt and distilled
water) add a few drops of picric acid
and then add drops of sodium cobalt
nitrite
CONFIRMATION
for the confirmatory test youll make a
paste by adding concentrated HCL to it
and with the flame test if it there is
potassium the flame should be violet
POTASSIUM
 IDENTIFICATION OF
AMMONIUM ION
1

THE AMMONIUM ION IS GENERATED WHEN AMMONIA, A WEAK BASE,

→
REACTS WITH BRØNSTED ACIDS (PROTON DONORS): H + + NH 3 [NH 4]
THE AMMONIUM ION IS MILDLY ACIDIC, REACTING WITH BRØNSTED
BASES TO RETURN TO THE UNCHARGED AMMONIA MOLECULE:

[NH 4] + + B − → HB + NH.
AMMONIUM
ION