Skeletal Skeletal

System System
Name: Name:
__________ __________
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Bones
Your bones give you
your shape plus they
protect your organs
like your brain, lungs,
and heart.
Your bones make
your blood cells.
Bones function as
storage too by
storing lipids (fats)
and minerals (like
calcium).
Did you know babies
are born with about
300 bones, but an
adult has only 206!
Babies bone grow
with them and then
fuse (stick) together
before adulthood.
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Strong Bones
To make strong bones you need calcium, exercise,
vitamin D (some food and sunshine).
If you don’t have strong bones your bones are more
likely to break. Children who don’t get enough vitamin D
can get rickets – especially where food is scarce.
People who don’t get enough calcium when they are
young can develop osteoporosis.
Did you know your bones can repair themselves?
Casts help it go faster, but your body does all the
work! A blood clot forms at the injury in the broken
bone. Then a clot forms and the osteoclasts absorb
the callus and osteoblasts produce bone very similar to
the original. starts making new bone (this bulge is called
a callus)
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 Layers of a Bone
Outer layer of the bone is a thin, tough membrane called Do you know which is the smallest bone in your body?
periosteum. The periosteum contains nerves (that sense The stapes, which is one of three small bones in your
pain) and blood vessels (take nutrients to the bone and take ear.
out waste made by bone cells).
The next layer is the compact bone which is what you see
when you look at a skelleton. It is durable, smooth,, hard, and
made of many layers of calcium rich minerals plus tough
fibers called collagen.
The 3rd layer is called
spongy bone which
is a network of pores
and tunnels that allows
your bone to be strong
, yet resilient, bouncing
back after being
compressed.
On the very inside is
bone marrow, a thick
fluid. The red bone
marrow makes blood
cells. The yellow bone marrow stores lipids (fats) needed
for your body to make cell membranes and more.
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 Different Types of Joints
Hinge joint – stable, but limited range of
motion (ex: elbows and knees)
Ball and socket – wide range of motion,
but less stable than hinge joints (ex: hips
and shoulders)
Did you know the femur is the longest
bone in your body.
Saddle Joints – less range of motion than
ball and socket, but more than a hinge (ex:
ankle)
Pivot Joints – connects skull to vertebral
column
Plane Joints – connects vertebrae and
allows you to bend and twist your back
Ellipsoidal Joints – connects phalanges to
metacarpals, flattened ball-and-socket
joints
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Name: _______________________
Skeletal System Questions
1. Which of the following do your bones do?
a) Protect your organs
b) Make blood cells
c) Store fat
d) All of the above
2. True or False: Adults have more bones than babies do.
3. To make strong bones you need (circle all that apply)
a) Calcium
b) Exercise
c) Vitamin D
d) Milk
4. True or False: Your bones can repair themselves.
5. Osteoporosis means
a) You didn’t get enough vitamin D
b) You didn’t get enough calcium
c) You didn’t get enough exercise
d) You are just getting old
6. Which is the smallest one in your body?
a) Femur
b) Hyoid
c) Malleus
d) Stapes

Match the following:

_____ 7. Stable joint, but limited range of motion

A. Cranium
_____ 8. Thin, tough layer of bone
B. Ellipsoidal Joints
_____ 9. Network of pores and tunnels that allows your
C. Hinge Joint
bone to be strong, yet resilient
D. Ligaments
_____ 10. Makes blood cells
E. Osteoblasts
_____ 11. Stores lipids
_____ 12. Connects phalanges to metacarpals,
F. Periosteum

flattened ball & socket joints G. Red Bone Marrow

_____ 13. Another name for skull bone H. Spongy Bone

_____ 14. Tissue that connects bones to one another I. Yellow Bone Marrow
_____ 15. Cells that make new bone

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