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Read the passage and then answer the questions.

It is very difficult to succeed in the music business; nine out to ten bands that release a
first record fail to produce a second. Surviving in the music industry requires luck and
patience, but most of all it requires an intricate knowledge of how a record company
functions. The process begins when a representative of a company's Artists and
Repertoire (A & R) department visits bars and night clubs, scouting for young,
talented bands. After the representative identifies a promising band, he or she will
work to negotiate a contract with that band. The signing of this recording contract is a
slow process. A company will spend a long time investigating the band itself as well
as current trends in popular music. During this period, it is important that a band
reciprocate with an investigation of its own, learning as much as possible about the
record company and making personal connections within the different departments
that will handle their recordings.
Once a band has signed the contract and has finished recording an album, the
Publicity and Promotions department takes over. This department decides whether or
not to mass produce and market the band's album. Most bands fail to make personal
contacts in this second department, thus losing their voice in the important final
process of producing and marketing their album. This loss of voice often contributes
to the band's failure as a recording group.

Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A. Nine out of ten bands fail to produce a second record.
B. It is important for a band to have an intricate knowledge of how a recording
company works.
C. Making personal connections will help the band in the final decisions about the
promotion of their album.
D. The main factors in a band's success are luck and patience.

Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits
each space.
For many years, scientists have speculated that the cataclysmic impact of ail
asteroid with the earth was responsible for the demise of the dinosaurs approximately
65 million years ago. Previous discoveries and results have hinted that an asteroid
two kilometers in diameter struck the Yucatan peninsula in Eastern Mexico. This
impact, stronger than one thousand nuclear explosions, is speculated to have cast a
cloud of dust and debris into the atmosphere, covering the entire surface temperature
of the earth and blocking out the sun and consequently lowering the surface
temperature of the earth. With such a radical change in the earth’s environment,
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scientists believe that over 99% of all animal and plant species were eradicated. Only
after millions of years did plants and animals even begin to recover. But, the reign of
the dinosaurs had ended and the age of mammals had begun. ZALO:0778335643
The crucial link that has his theory together has been the element iridium.
Iridium is not commonly found on either the surface of the earth or inside the crust. It
is more commonly found in asteroids or meteorites throughout the solar system.
Scientists have hypothesized that after the asteroid impacted the earth, an even layer
of iridium sediment settled over the globe and eventually became part of its surface.

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The theory, of course, has depended on the discovery of such an existing layer of
iridium.
Unfortunately, scientists have never been able to offer absolute proof that this
asteroid impact ever occurred. Recently, however, a discovery may go a long way
toward validating these scientists’ theories. In 1996, a team of marine biologists
excavated samples of rock from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean just off the coast of
Bermuda. Found thousands of meters below the sea, these samples contain iridium
similar to those found in the Yucatan peninsula thousands kilometers away. At first,
scientists were skeptical whether the samples were from the same time period. But
since carbon dating placed them to 65 million years ago, their doubts were quickly
alleviated. Since then many of the other theories for the demise of the dinosaur have
been finally laid to rest.

This passage mainly discusses a theory about

A. which type of dinosaur roamed where
B. archeological evidence from Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean
C. why the dinosaurs turned into birds and reptiles
D. the extinction of the dinosaurs

Read the following passage and choose the best answers.

Between 1977 and 1981, three groups of American women, numbering 27 in
all, between the ages of 35 and 65, were given month-long tests to determine how they
would respond to conditions resembling those abroad the space shuttle.
Though carefully selected from among many applicants, the women were
volunteers and pay was barely above the minimum wage. They were not allowed to
smoke or drink alcohol during the tests, and they were expected to tolerate each
other’s company at close quarters for the entire period. Among other things, they had
to stand pressure three times the force of gravity and carry out both physical and
mental tasks while exhausted from strenuous physical exercise. At the end of ten days,
they had to spend a further twenty days absolutely confined to bed, during this time
they suffered backaches and discomforts, and when they were finally allowed up, the
more physically active women were especially subject to pains due to a slight calcium
loss. Results of tests suggest that women will have significant advantages over men in
space. They need less food and less oxygen and they stand up to radiation better.
Men’s advantages in terms of strength and stamina, meanwhile are virtually wiped
out by the zero gravity condition in space.

Which would be the most suitable title for the passage?

A. Older Women, too, can travel in Space.
B. Space testing causes backaches in women.
C. Poor wages for women space test volunteers
D. Tests show women suited for space travel. THANHVIENKHOAHOC
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your

answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following
questions.
Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for
reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptation is to be light in color, and to reflect
rather than absorb the Sun’s rays .Desert mammals also depart from the normal
mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to
keep down the body temperatures deep inside the body, which would involve the
expenditure of water and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what
would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been
measured in Grant’s gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold
desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually low by dawn, as low as 34
degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of
daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not
begin until well into the day.
Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the loss of body water to a point
that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its
body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only
12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the ability to
replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a
short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes. A
very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to dehydrate at one
session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid
dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of water
loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water
hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted
mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated; it is a
common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate
thirst.

What is the main topic of the passage?

A. Weather variations in the desert
B. Adaptations of desert animals
C. Diseases of desert animals
D. Human use of desert animals

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your

answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following
questions.
In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America,
there is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively. Inhabitants of areas
elsewhere, where streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the
resulting rust and deterioration on cars. That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of
salt, but it is not the way salt destroys rocks. Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a
process called crystal prying and wedging. This happens not by soaking the rocks is salt
water, but by moistening their bottoms with salt water. Such conditions exist in many
areas along the eastern edge of central Death Valley. There, salty water rises from the
groundwater table by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the
surface.
Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground. Death
Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which promote
evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings within
stones. These crystals grow as long as salt water is available. Like tree roots breaking up a
sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rocks
apart along planes of weakness, such s banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in
sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between
individual mineral crystals or grains. Besides crystals growth, the expansion of halite
crystals (the same as everyday table salt) by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by
hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock durable enough to have withstood
natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into
small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.
The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts,
mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice.
Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon. Not
restricted to arid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like the
seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert
sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The destructive effects of salt on rocks.
B. The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.
C. The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.
D. The damaging effects of salt on roads and highways.

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