BIOLOGY

By- SAMRIDHI SHARMA

•
�H,-�-�j'.l�: 1 g�� t.n.� ��f·t�r�.;.n0�¢,s, ..
Rrra·€t�Ge. s-he�e..'.t ..an·.. 0 HaraEJwr1tteA· no.t..es
• -..... . .... -- . ,., �

0ft thi:S :€,Lass ·.?

- I .. ...,.
 Thought of the day •

It doesn't matter
what others are doing,
it matters what you
are doing.
•
•
 CONTROL AND COORDINATION •

NERVOUS SYSTEM ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Human Ne�oussy�em •
•
NERVES •
 •

STIMULUS RECEPTOR

RESPONSE \ EFFECTOR
 •
Stimuli

Response
•
•
•
•
Neuron / Nerve cell •
Structure of a neuron/ Nerve cell •

\lrlC\IS

11 ndnt

Ax n r\.'
encJing
"'lruct re or · eo roo
11 b dv
..
Structure of a neuron/ Nerve cell •
Structure of a neuron/ Nerve cell •
•
Dendrites Branched structure that collects Information from previous neuron
and passes on to the cell body /

Cell body tt is the b oad, r�ed part of the neuron that con�s the nucleu
s,abu�nt cytoplasm ( neuroplasm ) and other organelles like
mitochondria, e�plasmic reticulum ! G� body etc.

It Is a long tube-like structure that carries Information from the cell

body to the ttirve endings . Axon is covered by 1-2 sheaths
nerve fiber . A number of nerve fibers joined together to fr·
nerve .

The axon is branched terminally in muscle fibers. glands, other

endings structures or form synapse ith the dendrites of other neurons.

Synaps There is a gap between the nerve endings of one neuron and
/
dendrite of the following neuron where signals are transmitted as
chemical signals called neurotransmitters.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Neuromuscular junction •

Neuromuscular ----�-----.
·unction
Neuromuscular junction •
•
CNS •
•
 •

Withdrawing Hand on
Touching Hot Surface
•
Reflex actions / Movements •

Withdrawing Hand on
Touching Hot Surface
Significance of Reflex actions •
Examples of Reflex actions : •
v( Withdrawal of hand suddenly from a hot object or if it gets
pricked.

/ Coughing
/
3. Sneezing

4/ Closing of eyelids when some particles enter the eye.

if.' Shivering when it is too cold.

 Reflex Arc •
Spinal cord Message to
brain
(CNS)

Sensory neuron---.�.,.

Receptors = Heat/Pain Relay neuron

Receptors In skin
Effector� Muscle in arm
./
Reflex Arc •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Human Brain •

taste

tlearing
 HUMAN BRAIN STRUCTURE
•
Cerebrun1

F'ore-Rraln

/ tlypotlmlrunus

Pilutlary gland Pons

Iilnd·braln tvtcdulla
 •

Forebrain

�-r-Midbrain

Hindbrain
•
•
 •

corpus ca IIosu m
Fore Brain •
 •
FORE BRAIN
I Parietal Lobe I
./ (Teryierature,
/taste, touch and
Frontal Lobe
./ movement)
(Planning, Organization,
Self control etc.)
Occipital Lobe
(Sensing and
perceiving mainly
visual signals)
Temporal Lobe ./
(Processing auditory
/
signals and memory)
•
Mid Brain •
Topic : Hind Brain •
Topic : Hind Brain •
HOW ARE NERVOUS ORGANS PROTECTED? •
•
Question : HOW ARE NERVOUS ORGANS PROTECTED ? •
•
HUMA BRAIN STRUCTURE •
/ Cerebrum

Craniu111 (skull)

./Hypothalai11us
/Piluit..ary gland .I
Hi11d-braJn
1r-Spil1al cord
 CONTROL AND COORDINATION •

NERVOUS SYSTEM ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

(Associated with Neurons)

Endocrine System •

--=��
PM.\Ul)7oid Pianalt\)'T«d-,.!!=::�
lll�nch s)Mds
:tbynnn ----jf--�Q-
Tbymus-t--\- --'"1
 •
'Hormones are chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in
the bod ' ,____________../
•
•
Pituitary Gland •
 M�
Hypersecretion
•
of GH-
gigantism �

Sultan Kosen (R)

·
8 ft 1 in

Hyposecretion
of GH-
dwarfism

He Pingping
2 ft 5.37 in
 •
P'Jral11)' n.litl
gl:md,

Enlarged Thyroid Gland

•
Pancreas •

Pancrea•
Pancreas •
•
•
 Feedback Mechanism •

Sugar level in the blood rises

-1
Detected by cells of Pancre �!'""Ill

'•
•
l
Synthesis of Insulin
•

•
4

!
lood sugar level falls i� �
!
ecreting more insuli ��
•
•
•
•
•
Coordination in Plants •
 Response in Plants •

Root and shoot

Closing of Leaves of growing downward
Touch-me -Not Plant and upward
respectively
•
•
/ Nasties or Nastic Movements •
•
•
Tropic Movements •
 •

Light ./ Gravity Touch Water / Chemicals Heat

 Tropic Movements/ Tropism •

_,____, Positive Tropism Negative rropism

 •
• Phototropism Growth of plant part towards or away from
Light
� Geotropism/ Growth of plant part towards or away from
V Gravitotropism Gravity
l;/ Hydrotropism Grow,th of plant part towards or away from
water
• Chemotropism Growth of plant part towards or away from
chemicals
• Thigmotropism Growth of plant part towards or away from
touch
 •

RESPONSE OF THEI PLANT

1 TO THE ll,tlt source

DIRECTION 10F LIGHT

Movement of shoot. Movement of shoot s

ls erect and towards bend towards the liaht
U&ht
 •

Negatively
geotropic

Positively
geotropic
Shoots
•

Roots
•
Pollen-----....
•

Pollen tube
Extending tip
of pollen tube
, tow°"-� -t'n.�
ovuJ,_ v'
Ovule---1-_
Secretes
chemical
sllmulus
 •
/
tendril
tendril

Weak
stem

Bamboo stick (for Bamboo stick (for

support) support)
 Differences between •
Tropic and nastic movements
- - - - --
Plant Hormones •
Auxins •
AUXIN A D PHOTOTROPISM

Auxin Cell
J molecules / enlogation /

Auxin molecules cause growth and cell

elongation in plants
Gibberellins •
Cytokinins •

FU I CTION OF CYTOKININS
( PLANT HQ,RMONE)
Cytokinins= More Mitosis

More Mitosis= More Cells

More Cells= Plant Growth

Abscisic Acid •

EFFECT OF ABSCISIC ACID I

PLANTS

Ethylene -
Ethylene •

MA GO RIPE ING DUE TO

ETHYLENE
•
•
•
•
•
Homework •